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Fatima J, Shukla V, Siddiqi Z, Kumar D, Mateen S, Gupta AB. Correlation of Serum Calcium with Severity and Outcomes in Patients of COVID-19 Pneumonia. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:1421-1427. [PMID: 38827666 PMCID: PMC11141953 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1595_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Calcium is an essential electrolyte with critical physiological functions. Recently, it has been implicated in the pathogenesis and outcomes of COVID-19. This retrospective study was conducted to estimate serum ionic calcium and its correlation with clinical severity, inflammatory markers, and in-hospital outcomes in moderate to severe COVID-19 patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 377 COVID-19 patients, aged between 23 and 79 years, with a mean age of 54.17±11.53 years. Severity of the disease was determined using ICMR criteria. Parameters including age, gender, inflammatory markers, calcium levels, and clinical outcomes were assessed. Results The study showed a prevalence of moderate and severe COVID-19 in 58.1% and 41.9% patients, respectively. Severity was significantly associated with younger age, higher mean inflammatory markers, notably IL-6, procalcitonin, D-Dimer, and lower ionic and total calcium levels, as well as vitamin D levels. Mortality and referral rate were significantly higher in the severe group. Hypocalcemia was prevalent in 39% of the patients and was significantly associated with disease severity, ARDS, and mortality. On multivariate assessment, only age and ionic calcium were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity. Conclusion Lower serum ionic calcium levels are associated with increased severity and poor outcomes, including higher mortality in COVID-19 patients, underscoring the potential role of calcium as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in COVID-19 pneumonia and may be an important factor in various other forms of pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalees Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vaibhav Shukla
- Department of Medicine, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zeba Siddiqi
- Department of Medicine, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saboor Mateen
- Department of Medicine, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh Bandhu Gupta
- Maharishi Markendeshwar College of Medical Science and Research, Ambala, Haryana, India
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Feng S, Wang F, Wu W, Li Y, Chen C, Li J, Cao M, Peng L, Zhang P, Wang F. Analysis of multiple organ function damage in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. J Med Biochem 2023; 42:444-453. [PMID: 37790212 PMCID: PMC10543486 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-41502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to analyze the changes and significance of organ function indices in patients with severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia for prediction of major organ damages and guiding treatment schemes. Methods 63 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were selected as the severe group and 73 patients with mild syndromes were selected as the mild group. SAS9.4 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results Levels of ALT, AST, cTnI, Cr, PT, APTT and Ddimer of the severe group were significantly higher while PLT was lower than those of the mild group. The data of all quantitative variables were converted into categorical variables. Significantly higher levels of AST, ALB, D-dimer and higher proportion of bilateral lung involvement were observed from the severe group comparing to those in the mild group, while the difference in the other indices between the two groups was insignificant in statistical perspective. Conclusions There are significant differences in the levels of multiple organ function indices between the severe group and the mild group of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia infection. Through examining the relevant indices, conditions of patients' multiple organ function damage could be predicted and used as guidance of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Feng
- Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fengxin Wang
- Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weibo Wu
- Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yinfeng Li
- Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuming Chen
- Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mengli Cao
- Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling Peng
- Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peiyan Zhang
- Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fuxiang Wang
- Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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Introcaso G, Galotta A, Salvini L, Faioni EM, Bonomi A, Assanelli E, Biondi ML. Leukocyte cell population data as potential markers of COVID-19 disease characterization. J Med Biochem 2023; 42:454-459. [PMID: 37790201 PMCID: PMC10543122 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-41589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The usefulness of leukocyte cell population data (CPD) is currently being investigated. In COVID-19 pandemic several reports showed the clinical importance of hematological parameters. Our study aimed to assess CPDs in Sars CoV-2 patients as new disease markers. Methods From February to April 2020 (1st wave) 540 and from September to December 2020 (2nd wave) 2821 patients respectively were enrolled. SARS CoV-2 infection diagnosis was carried out by Multiplex rRT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs. CPDs were detected by XN 2000 hematology analyzer (Sysmex Corporation). A comparison between two disease waves was performed. Additionally, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assayed. Results CPDs were classified into: cell complextity, DNA/RNA content and abnormal sized cells. We detected parameters increased from the reference population for all cell types for both 1st and 2nd wave (p<0.05). However, in the 2nd vs 1st wave 5 CPDs vs 9 CPDs were found. In addition we observed higher CPD values of the 1st compared to 2nd wave: (NE-SFL) (p<0.001), (LY-Y) (p<0.0001), (LY-Z) (p<0.0001), (MO-X) (p<0.0001), (MO-Y) (p<0.0001). These findings were confirmed by the higher concentrations of CRP and LDH in the 1st vs 2nd wave: 17.3 mg/L (8.5-59.3) vs 6.3 mg/L (2.3-17.6) (p<0.001) and 241.5 IU/L (201-345) vs 195 IU/L (174-228) (p< 0.001) (median, interquartile range) respectively. Conclusions CPDs showed increased cell activation in 1st wave patients confirmed by clinical and biochemical data, associated with worse clinical conditions. Results highlighted the CPDs as disease characterization markers or useful for a risk model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Introcaso
- Università di Milano, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Laboratory Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Galotta
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Biostatistics, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Salvini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Emergency Department, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alice Bonomi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Biostatistics, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Assanelli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Emergency Department, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Biondi
- Università di Milano, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Laboratory Medicine, Milan, Italy
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Anghel L, Manole C, Nechita A, Tatu AL, Ștefănescu BI, Nechita L, Bușilă C, Zainea P, Baroiu L, Mușat CL. Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium Abnormalities Associated with COVID-19 Infection, and Beyond. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2362. [PMID: 37760804 PMCID: PMC10525362 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has had a profound impact on global health, leading to a surge in research to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease. Among the various aspects under investigation, disruptions in mineral homeostasis have emerged as a critical area of interest. This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence linking calcium, phosphorus and magnesium abnormalities with COVID-19 infection and explores the potential implications beyond the acute phase of the disease. Beyond the acute phase of COVID-19, evidence suggests a potential impact of these mineral abnormalities on long-term health outcomes. Persistent alterations in calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels have been linked to increased cardiovascular risk, skeletal complications and metabolic disorders, warranting continuous monitoring and management in post-COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucreția Anghel
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (L.A.); (A.N.); (A.L.T.); (L.N.); (C.B.); (L.B.)
- ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania; (B.I.Ș.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Corina Manole
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (L.A.); (A.N.); (A.L.T.); (L.N.); (C.B.); (L.B.)
- ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania; (B.I.Ș.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Aurel Nechita
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (L.A.); (A.N.); (A.L.T.); (L.N.); (C.B.); (L.B.)
- ‘Sf. Ioan’ Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania
| | - Alin Laurențiu Tatu
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (L.A.); (A.N.); (A.L.T.); (L.N.); (C.B.); (L.B.)
- ‘Sf. Cuv. Parascheva’ Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR, 800010 Galati, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ioan Ștefănescu
- ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania; (B.I.Ș.); (C.L.M.)
- Clinical Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Luiza Nechita
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (L.A.); (A.N.); (A.L.T.); (L.N.); (C.B.); (L.B.)
- ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania; (B.I.Ș.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Camelia Bușilă
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (L.A.); (A.N.); (A.L.T.); (L.N.); (C.B.); (L.B.)
- ‘Sf. Ioan’ Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania
| | - Pușica Zainea
- Clinical Emergency County Hospital Braila, 810318 Braila, Romania;
| | - Liliana Baroiu
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania; (L.A.); (A.N.); (A.L.T.); (L.N.); (C.B.); (L.B.)
- ‘Sf. Cuv. Parascheva’ Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania
| | - Carmina Liana Mușat
- ‘Sf. Apostol Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania; (B.I.Ș.); (C.L.M.)
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University, 800008 Galati, Romania
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Campagna D, Caci G, Trovato E, Carpinteri G, Spicuzza L. COVID-19 and emergency departments: need for a validated severity illness score. The history of emerging CovHos score. Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:2065-2067. [PMID: 35962902 PMCID: PMC9375184 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-03069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campagna
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- UOC MCAU, Emergency Department at University Hospital AOU Policlinico "G.Rodolico-San Marco" of Catania, via S. Sofia, 78-Ed.7, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Grazia Caci
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elisa Trovato
- UOC MCAU, Emergency Department at University Hospital AOU Policlinico "G.Rodolico-San Marco" of Catania, via S. Sofia, 78-Ed.7, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carpinteri
- UOC MCAU, Emergency Department at University Hospital AOU Policlinico "G.Rodolico-San Marco" of Catania, via S. Sofia, 78-Ed.7, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Spicuzza
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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