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Feng L, Liu J, Li C, Lin Y, Cheng J, Xie J, Li B, Zeng Y, Fu Y. Neofusicoccum actinidiae and Neofusicoccum guttata, Two New Species Causing Kiwifruit Rot in China. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2962-2970. [PMID: 36825323 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-21-2833-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Kiwi is a popular fruit consumed worldwide. A number of fungal pathogens have been reported to cause postharvest rot of kiwifruit, and Botryosphaeriaceae species are the major causal agents of the disease. In this study, 18 isolates belonging to the genus Neofusicoccum (family Botryosphaeriaceae) were isolated from 247 symptomatic kiwifruits of the cultivars Jinyan, Jintao, and Jinkui collected from orchards in Hubei and Jiangxi provinces, China. Among the isolates, three grouped with various known Neofusicoccum parvum isolates, whereas the remaining 15 formed two independent clades. On the basis of further phylogenetic analyses with concatenated sequences of ITS and three genes encoding translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF), β-tubulin (TUB), and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2), as well as morphological characteristics, two new species, N. actinidiae and N. guttata, were proposed. Their pathogenicity to kiwi, apple, and citrus fruits was also confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiatao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunliu Zeng
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Philpott M, Liew ECY, van der Merwe MM, Mertin A, French K. The Influence of Cone Age and Urbanisation on the Diversity and Community Composition of Culturable Seed Fungal Endophytes within Native Australian Banksia ericifolia L.f. subsp. ericifolia. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:706. [PMID: 37504695 PMCID: PMC10381327 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed fungal endophytes play a crucial role in assisting the overall health and success of their host plant; however, little is known about the factors that influence the diversity and composition of these endophytes, particularly with respect to how they change over time and within urban environments. Using culturing techniques, morphological analyses, and Sanger sequencing, we identified the culturable seed fungal endophytes of Banksia ericifolia at two urban and two natural sites in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. A total of 27 Operational Taxonomic Units were obtained from 1200 seeds. Older cones were found to contain, on average, more colonised endophytes than younger cones. Species richness was also significantly influenced by cone age, with older cones being more speciose. Between urban and natural sites, the overall community composition did not change, although species richness and diversity were greatest at urban sites. Understanding how these endophytes vary in time and space may help provide an insight into the transmission pathways used and the potential role they play within the development and survival of the seed. This knowledge may also be crucial for restoration purposes, especially regarding the need to consider endophyte viability in ex situ seed collection and storage in seed-banking practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merize Philpott
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Edward C Y Liew
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Marlien M van der Merwe
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Allison Mertin
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Kristine French
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Drake-Schultheis L, D'Antonio CM, Oono R. Patterns and Distribution of Botryosphaeriaceae Fungi Related to Dieback in Big Berry Manzanita. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:2341-2350. [PMID: 35731020 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-22-0044-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dieback and mortality in wildland plant species due to climate change have been on the rise in recent decades, and latent fungal pathogens might play a significant role in these events. During a severe multiyear drought, canopy dieback associated with latent pathogens in the Botryosphaeriaceae (Bot) family was observed in stands of a dominant shrub species, big berry manzanita (Arctostaphylos glauca), across chaparral landscapes in California. These fungi are significant pathogens of woody agricultural species, especially in hosts experiencing stress, and have become a threat to economically important crops worldwide. However, little is known regarding their occurrence, distribution, and impact in wildland systems. We conducted a field survey of 300 A. glauca shrubs across an elevational gradient to identify Bot species infection as it relates to (i) A. glauca dieback severity and (ii) landscape variables associated with plant drought stress. Our results show that Bots are widely infecting A. glauca across the landscape, and there is a significant correlation between elevation and dieback severity. Dieback severity was significantly higher at lower elevations, suggesting that infected shrubs at lower elevations are at greater risk than those at higher elevations. Furthermore, two Bot species, Neofusicoccum australe and Botryosphaeria dothidea, were most frequently isolated, with N. australe being the most common and, based on haplotype analysis, likely the most recently introduced of the two. Our results confirm the wide distribution of latent Bot fungi in a wild shrubland system and provide valuable insight into areas of greatest risk for future shrub dieback and mortality. These findings could be particularly useful for informing future wildlands management strategies with regard to introduced latent pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Drake-Schultheis
- Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
- Life Sciences Department, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, CA 93108
| | - Carla M D'Antonio
- Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Ryoko Oono
- Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
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Batista E, Lopes A, Alves A. How good are we at describing a new fungal species? A case study based on the family Botryosphaeriaceae (Dothideomycetes). Mycol Prog 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-022-01796-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fiorenza A, Aiello D, Costanzo MB, Gusella G, Polizzi G. A New Disease for Europe of Ficus microcarpa Caused by Botryosphaeriaceae Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:727. [PMID: 35336609 PMCID: PMC8953617 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Indian laurel-leaf fig (Ficus microcarpa) is an important ornamental tree widely distributed in the urban areas of Italy. Surveys conducted in 2019 and 2020 on several tree-lined streets, squares, and public parks in Catania and Siracusa provinces (Sicily, southern Italy) revealed the presence of a new disease on mature trees. About 9% of approximately 450 mature plants showed extensive branch cankers and dieback. Isolations from woody tissues obtained from ten symptomatic plants consistently yielded species belonging to the Botryosphaeriaceae family. The identification of the recovered fungal isolates was based on a multi-loci phylogenetic (maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood) approach of the ITS, tef1-α, and tub2 gene regions. The results of the analyses confirmed the presence of three species: Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum mediterraneum, and N. parvum. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on potted, healthy, 4-year-old trees using the mycelial plug technique. The inoculation experiments revealed that all the Botryosphaeriaceae species identified in this study were pathogenic to this host. Previous studies conducted in California showed similar disease caused by Botryosphaeriaceae spp., and the pathogenic role of these fungi was demonstrated. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Botryosphaeriaceae affecting Ficus microcarpa in Europe.
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Arkam M, Alves A, Lopes A, Čechová J, Pokluda R, Eichmeier A, Zitouni A, Mahamedi AE, Berraf-Tebbal A. Diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae causing grapevine trunk diseases and their spatial distribution under different climatic conditions in Algeria. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 161:933-952. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s10658-021-02377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Insights of the Neofusicoccum parvum- Liquidambar styraciflua Interaction and Identification of New Cysteine-Rich Proteins in Both Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121027. [PMID: 34947009 PMCID: PMC8707630 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neofusicoccum parvum belongs to the Botryosphaeriaceae family, which contains endophytes and pathogens of woody plants. In this study, we isolated 11 strains from diseased tissue of Liquidambar styraciflua. Testing with Koch's postulates-followed by a molecular approach-revealed that N. parvum was the most pathogenic strain. We established an in vitro pathosystem (L. styraciflua foliar tissue-N. parvum) in order to characterize the infection process during the first 16 days. New CysRPs were identified for both organisms using public transcriptomic and genomic databases, while mRNA expression of CysRPs was analyzed by RT-qPCR. The results showed that N. parvum caused disease symptoms after 24 h that intensified over time. Through in silico analysis, 5 CysRPs were identified for each organism, revealing that all of the proteins are potentially secreted and novel, including two of N. parvum proteins containing the CFEM domain. Interestingly, the levels of the CysRPs mRNAs change during the interaction. This study reports N. parvum as a pathogen of L. styraciflua for the first time and highlights the potential involvement of CysRPs in both organisms during this interaction.
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Species concepts of Dothideomycetes: classification, phylogenetic inconsistencies and taxonomic standardization. FUNGAL DIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Multigene Phylogenetics and Morphology Reveal Five Novel Lasiodiplodia Species Associated with Blueberries. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070657. [PMID: 34357029 PMCID: PMC8307162 DOI: 10.3390/life11070657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Botryosphaeriaceous fungi cause stem blight, canker and dieback in woody plants. During a survey on the fungal pathogens associated with blueberries in China, 135 blighted, cankered or dead blueberry branches were collected from Fujian and Shandong Provinces. Based on the morphological characterization and phylogenetic analyses of a concatenated ITS rDNA, tef1-α, TUB, and RPB2 loci, five new species of Lasiodiplodia, viz., L. clavispora, L. fujianensis, L. henanica, L. nanpingensis and L. paraphysoides were recognized. Detailed descriptions and illustrations, as well as multigene phylogenies, are provided in this paper. The diversity of plant pathogens on agriculturally and economically important plants is higher than anticipated.
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van Dyk M, Spies CFJ, Mostert L, Halleen F. Survey of Trunk Pathogens in South African Olive Nurseries. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:1630-1639. [PMID: 33100152 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-20-0798-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several fungal trunk pathogens are associated with olive trunk diseases in South Africa. Little is known regarding the inoculum sources of these pathogens in the olive industry, and no specific management strategies are in place. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of olive nurseries in South Africa, with regard to the presence of trunk pathogens in olive plant material, to determine whether nursery material can be considered inoculum sources contributing to long-distance dispersal of these pathogens. Isolations were made from asymptomatic cuttings from mother blocks (stage 1), asymptomatic and symptomatic rooted cuttings (stage 2), and 1- to 2-year-old trees (stage 3) of eight cultivars in two nurseries. Known olive trunk pathogens of Nectriaceae, Diaporthaceae, Botrysphaeriaceae, Togniniaceae, Phaeomoniellaceae, and Pleurostomataceae were recovered. Neofusicoccum australe was detected in a single stage 1 cutting. Stage 3 material showed the highest incidence of fungi from these families, with Pleurostoma richardsiae having the highest incidence in both nurseries (82.2 and 36.7% of the 1- to 2-year-old trees). Phaeoacremonium parasiticum was present in 28.9% of the trees from one nursery (stage 3). The remaining pathogens occurred in ≤13.3% of the material. These results indicate that nursery propagation material from mother blocks harbors low levels of trunk pathogens and that additional infections occur during the nursery process. Management strategies should focus on the prevention and elimination of infections in mother blocks as well as during the propagation process to ensure that pathogen-free material is delivered to producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan van Dyk
- Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Christoffel F J Spies
- Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- ARC-Plant Health and Protection, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Lizel Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Francois Halleen
- Plant Protection Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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Aloi F, Riolo M, Parlascino R, Pane A, Cacciola SO. Bot Gummosis of Lemon ( Citrus × limon) Caused by Neofusicoccum parvum. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:294. [PMID: 33919689 PMCID: PMC8070449 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neofusicoccum parvum, in the family Botryosphaeriaceae, was identified as the causal agent of bot gummosis of lemon (Citrus × limon) trees, in the two major lemon-producing regions in Italy. Gummy cankers on trunk and scaffold branches of mature trees were the most typical disease symptoms. Neofusicoccum parvum was the sole fungus constantly and consistently isolated from the canker bark of symptomatic lemon trees. It was identified on the basis of morphological characters and the phylogenetic analysis of three loci, i.e., the internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) as well as the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) and β-tubulin (TUB2) genes. The pathogenicity of N. parvum was demonstrated by wound inoculating two lemon cultivars, 'Femminello 2kr' and 'Monachello', as well as citrange (C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata) 'Carrizo' rootstock. In artificial inoculations, the fungus was very aggressive on lemons and weakly virulent on citrange, consistently with symptoms observed in the field as a consequence of natural infections. This is the first report of N. parvum, both in a wide and in a strict taxonomic sense, as a pathogen of lemon in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Aloi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.A.); (M.R.); (R.P.)
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Riolo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.A.); (M.R.); (R.P.)
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis, Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit-Rende CS (CREA-OFA), 87036 Rende, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Science, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Rossana Parlascino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.A.); (M.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Antonella Pane
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.A.); (M.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Santa Olga Cacciola
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.A.); (M.R.); (R.P.)
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Nazar Pour F, Ferreira V, Félix C, Serôdio J, Alves A, Duarte AS, Esteves AC. Effect of temperature on the phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity of Botryosphaeriaceae fungi. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:571-578. [PMID: 32448448 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Botryosphaeriaceae fungi are phytopathogens and human opportunists. The influence of temperature on the phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity of culture filtrates of five Botryosphaeriaceae species was investigated. All culture filtrates of fungi grown at 25 °C were phytotoxic: symptoms were evaluated based on visual inspection of necrosis areas and on the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, Fv/Fm. Diplodiacorticola and Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense were the most phytotoxic, followed by Neofusicoccum parvum CAA704 and Botryosphaeria dothidea. Phytotoxicity dramatically decreased when strains were grown at 37 °C, except for B. dothidea. All strains, except N. parvum CAA366 and Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum, grown either at 25 °C or 37 °C, were toxic to mammalian cells; at 25 °C and at 37°C, D. corticola and B. dothidea were the most cytotoxic, respectively. Although the toxicity of B. dothidea to both cell lines and of N. kwambonambiense to Vero cells increased with temperature, the opposite was found for the other species tested. Our results suggest that temperature modulates the expression of toxic compounds that, in a scenario of a global increase of temperature, may contribute to new plant infections but also human infections, especially in the case of B. dothidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Nazar Pour
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Vanessa Ferreira
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carina Félix
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Serôdio
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur Alves
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Duarte
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Esteves
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Fungal diversity notes 709–839: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa with an emphasis on fungi on Rosaceae. FUNGAL DIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-018-0395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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