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Widera D. Exploring stem cell therapies: an interview with Darius Widera. Regen Med 2024; 19:375-377. [PMID: 39022829 DOI: 10.1080/17460751.2024.2375104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Darius Widera
- University of Reading, School of Pharmacy, Hopkins Building, Room 108, Reading, RG6 6UB, UK
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Shah AA, Sheikh AA, Hasin D, Shah F, Aarif O, Shah RA, Ahmad SB, Maqbool S, Pampori ZA. Isolation, in vitro expansion and characterization of ovine fetal adnexa-derived mesenchymal stem cells reveals a source dependent trilineage differentiation and growth kinetics. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3908-3919. [PMID: 37493347 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2238015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to isolate, cultivate, characterize and evaluate the growth kinetics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from fetal adnexa of sheep. The gravid uteri of ewes were collected from a local abattoir. The MSCs isolated from different fetal regions (Wharton's Jelly [oWJ], cord blood [oCB], amniotic fluid [oAF] and amniotic Sac [oAS]) were expanded in vitro and characterized for surface and pluripotency markers. The growth kinetics of MSCs was compared at 3rd and 5th passages. Similarly, the colony-forming efficiency (CFE) assay was performed at 3rd passage. The fetal adnexa-derived ovine MSCs showed the expression of CD73, CD90 and CD105. Similarly, the MSCs also expressed pluripotency markers, OCT4 and SOX2. Besides, cells also differentiated into osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages. The MSCs in culture showed a typical growth curve with initial lag phase, an exponential phase, a plateau phase and a decline phase. The growth rate was highest in oAF-MSCs at P5. The population doubling time (PDT) was highest in oAS-MSCs (87.28 ± 3.24 h), whereas the colony number was highest in oAF-MSCs (53.67 ± 4.06). The study reveals that oAF-MSCs were superior which outperformed other MSCs indicating that oAF-derived MSCs could be utilized for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Amin Shah
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Aasif Ahmad Sheikh
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Dilruba Hasin
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Fozia Shah
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Ovais Aarif
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad Shah
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Showkat Maqbool
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Z A Pampori
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
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Ying C, Zhang J, Zhang H, Gao S, Guo X, Lin J, Wu H, Hong Y. Stem cells in central nervous system diseases: Promising therapeutic strategies. Exp Neurol 2023; 369:114543. [PMID: 37743001 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are a leading cause of death and disability. Due to CNS neurons have no self-renewal and regenerative ability as they mature, their loss after injury or disease is irreversible and often leads to functional impairments. Unfortunately, therapeutic options for CNS diseases are still limited, and effective treatments for these notorious diseases are warranted to be explored. At present, stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for improving the prognosis of CNS diseases. Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidences have demonstrated that multiple molecular mechanisms, such as cell replacement, immunoregulation and neurotrophic effect, underlie the use of stem cell therapy for CNS diseases. However, several issues have yet to be addressed to support its clinical application. Thus, this review article aims to summarize the role and underlying mechanisms of stem cell therapy in treating CNS diseases. And it is worthy of further evaluation for the potential therapeutic applications of stem cell treatment in CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caidi Ying
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haocheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yuan Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Kim DH, Kim SH, Park SH, Kwon MY, Lim CY, Park SH, Gwon K, Hwang SH, Kim SW. Characteristics of Human Nasal Turbinate Stem Cells under Hypoxic Conditions. Cells 2023; 12:2360. [PMID: 37830573 PMCID: PMC10571865 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of hypoxic culture conditions on human nasal inferior turbinate-derived stem cells (hNTSCs), a subtype of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It aimed to discern how hypoxia affected hNTSC characteristics, proliferation, and differentiation potential compared to hNTSCs cultured under normal oxygen levels. After obtaining hNTSCs from five patients, the samples were divided into hypoxic and normoxic groups. The investigation utilized fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for surface marker analysis, cell counting kit-8 assays for proliferation assessment, and multiplex immunoassays for cytokine secretion study. Differentiation potential-osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic-was evaluated via histological examination and gene expression analysis. Results indicated that hNTSCs under hypoxic conditions preserved their characteristic MSC phenotype, as confirmed by FACS analysis demonstrating the absence of hematopoietic markers and presence of MSC markers. Proliferation of hNTSCs remained unaffected by hypoxia. Cytokine expression showed similarity between hypoxic and normoxic groups throughout cultivation. Nevertheless, hypoxic conditions reduced the osteogenic and promoted adipogenic differentiation potential, while chondrogenic differentiation was relatively unchanged. These insights contribute to understanding hNTSC behavior in hypoxic environments, advancing the development of protocols for stem cell therapies and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.K.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Sun Hong Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.K.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Sang Hi Park
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.H.P.); (M.Y.K.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Mi Yeon Kwon
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.H.P.); (M.Y.K.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Chae-Yoon Lim
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.H.P.); (M.Y.K.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kihak Gwon
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA;
| | - Se Hwan Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.K.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.K.); (S.H.K.)
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Niemann T, Greiner JFW, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B. EPO regulates neuronal differentiation of adult human neural-crest derived stem cells in a sex-specific manner. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:19. [PMID: 36879191 PMCID: PMC9990360 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00789-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual differences in the biology of human stem cells are increasingly recognized to influence their proliferation, differentiation and maturation. Especially in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) or ischemic stroke, sex is a key player for disease progression and recovery of damaged tissue. Recently, the glycoprotein hormone erythropoietin (EPO) has been implicated as a regulator of neuronal differentiation and maturation in female rats. METHODS In this study, we used adult human neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) as a model system for exploring potential sex specific effects of EPO on human neuronal differentiation. We started with expression validation of the specific EPO receptor (EPOR) by performing PCR analysis in the NCSCs. Next, EPO mediated activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) via Immunocytochemistry (ICC) was performed, followed by investigating the sex-specific effects of EPO on neuronal differentiation by determining morphological changes in axonal growth and neurite formation accompanied by ICC. RESULTS Undifferentiated male and female NCSCs showed a ubiquitous expression of the EPO receptor (EPOR). EPO treatment resulted in a statistically profound (male p = 0.0022, female p = 0.0012) nuclear translocation of NF-κB RELA in undifferentiated NCSCs of both sexes. But after one week of neuronal differentiation, we could show a highly significant (p = 0,0079) increase of nuclear NF-κB RELA in females only. In contrast, we observed a strong decrease (p = 0,0022) of RELA activation in male neuronal progenitors. Extending the view on the role of sex during human neuronal differentiation, here we demonstrate a significant increase of axon lengths in female NCSCs-derived neurons upon EPO-treatment (+ EPO: 167,73 (SD = 41,66) µm, w/o EPO: 77,68 (SD = 18,31) µm) compared to their male counterparts (+ EPO: 68,37 (SD = 11,97) µm, w/o EPO: 70,23 (SD = 12,89) µm). CONCLUSION Our present findings therefore show for the first time an EPO-driven sexual dimorphism in neuronal differentiation of human neural-crest derived stem cells and emphasize sex-specific variability as a crucial parameter in stem cell biology and for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Niemann
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
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Windmöller BA, Höving AL, Knabbe C, Greiner JFW. Inter- and Intrapopulational Heterogeneity of Characteristic Markers in Adult Human Neural Crest-derived Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:1510-1520. [PMID: 34748196 PMCID: PMC9033708 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adult human neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) are found in a variety of adult tissues and show an extraordinary broad developmental potential. Despite their great differentiation capacity, increasing evidence suggest a remaining niche-dependent variability between different NCSC-populations regarding their differentiation behavior and expression signatures. In the present study, we extended the view on heterogeneity of NCSCs by identifying heterogeneous expression levels and protein amounts of characteristic markers even between NCSCs from the same niche of origin. In particular, populations of neural crest-derived inferior turbinate stem cells (ITSCs) isolated from different individuals showed significant variations in characteristic NCSC marker proteins Nestin, S100 and Slug in a donor-dependent manner. Notably, increased nuclear protein amounts of Slug were accompanied by a significantly elevated level of nuclear NF-κB-p65 protein, suggesting an NF-κB-dependent regulation of NCSC-makers. In addition to this interpopulational genetic heterogeneity of ITSC-populations from different donors, single ITSCs also revealed a strong heterogeneity regarding the protein amounts of Nestin, S100, Slug and NF-κB-p65 even within the same clonal culture. Our present findings therefor strongly suggest ITSC-heterogeneity to be at least partly based on an interpopulational genetic heterogeneity dependent on the donor accompanied by a stochastic intrapopulational heterogeneity between single cells. We propose this stochastic intrapopulational heterogeneity to occur in addition to the already described genetic variability between clonal NCSC-cultures and the niche-dependent plasticity of NCSCs. Our observations offer a novel perspective on NCSC-heterogeneity, which may build the basis to understand heterogeneous NCSC-behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice A Windmöller
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.,Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V, Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anna L Höving
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.,Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V, Bielefeld, Germany.,Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Johannes F W Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany. .,Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Neuroprotection Mediated by Human Blood Plasma in Mouse Hippocampal Slice Cultures and in Oxidatively Stressed Human Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179567. [PMID: 34502475 PMCID: PMC8430756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotection from oxidative stress is critical during neuronal development and maintenance but also plays a major role in the pathogenesis and potential treatment of various neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Emerging evidence in the murine system suggests neuroprotective effects of blood plasma on the aged or diseased brain. However, little is known about plasma-mediated effects on human neurons. In the present study, we demonstrate the neuroprotective effect mediated by human plasma and the most abundant plasma–protein human serum albumin against oxidative stress in glutamatergic neurons differentiated from human neural crest-derived inferior turbinate stem cells. We observed a strong neuroprotective effect of human plasma and human serum albumin against oxidative stress-induced neuronal death on the single cell level, similar to the one mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha. Moreover, we detected neuroprotection of plasma and human serum albumin against kainic acid-induced excitatory stress in ex vivo cultured mouse hippocampal tissue slices. The present study provides deeper insights into plasma-mediated neuroprotection ultimately resulting in the development of novel therapies for a variety of neurological and, in particular, neurodegenerative diseases.
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Hayakawa K, Snyder EY, Lo EH. Meningeal Multipotent Cells: A Hidden Target for CNS Repair? Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:339-343. [PMID: 33893971 PMCID: PMC8450679 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the primary role of the meninges is thought to be structural, i.e., to act as a surrounding membrane that contains and cushions the brain with cerebrospinal fluid. During development, the meninges is formed by both mesenchymal and neural crest cells. There is now emerging evidence that subsets of undifferentiated stem cells might persist in the adult meninges. In this mini-review, we survey representative studies of brain-meningeal interactions and discuss the hypothesis that the meninges are not just protective membranes, but instead contain multiplex stem cell subsets that may contribute to central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Further investigations into meningeal multipotent cells may reveal a "hidden" target for promoting neurovascular remodeling and repair after CNS injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Hayakawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Evan Y. Snyder
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eng H. Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Kaltschmidt C, Greiner JFW, Kaltschmidt B. The Transcription Factor NF-κB in Stem Cells and Development. Cells 2021; 10:2042. [PMID: 34440811 PMCID: PMC8391683 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) belongs to a family of transcription factors known to regulate a broad range of processes such as immune cell function, proliferation and cancer, neuroprotection, and long-term memory. Upcoming fields of NF-κB research include its role in stem cells and developmental processes. In the present review, we discuss one role of NF-κB in development in Drosophila, Xenopus, mice, and humans in accordance with the concept of evo-devo (evolutionary developmental biology). REL domain-containing proteins of the NF-κB family are evolutionarily conserved among these species. In addition, we summarize cellular phenotypes such as defective B- and T-cell compartments related to genetic NF-κB defects detected among different species. While NF-κB proteins are present in nearly all differentiated cell types, mouse and human embryonic stem cells do not contain NF-κB proteins, potentially due to miRNA-dependent inhibition. However, the mesodermal and neuroectodermal differentiation of mouse and human embryonic stem cells is hampered upon the repression of NF-κB. We further discuss NF-κB as a crucial regulator of differentiation in adult stem cells such as neural crest-derived and mesenchymal stem cells. In particular, c-REL seems to be important for neuronal differentiation and the neuroprotection of human adult stem cells, while RELA plays a crucial role in osteogenic and mesodermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (J.F.W.G.)
| | - Johannes F. W. Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (J.F.W.G.)
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.K.); (J.F.W.G.)
- Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Lim JY, In Park S, Park SA, Jeon JH, Jung HY, Yon JM, Jeun SS, Lim HK, Kim SW. Potential application of human neural crest-derived nasal turbinate stem cells for the treatment of neuropathology and impaired cognition in models of Alzheimer's disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:402. [PMID: 34256823 PMCID: PMC8278635 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell transplantation is a fascinating therapeutic approach for the treatment of many neurodegenerative disorders; however, clinical trials using stem cells have not been as effective as expected based on preclinical studies. The aim of this study is to validate the hypothesis that human neural crest-derived nasal turbinate stem cells (hNTSCs) are a clinically promising therapeutic source of adult stem cells for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods hNTSCs were evaluated in comparison with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) according to the effect of transplantation on AD pathology, including PET/CT neuroimaging, immune status indicated by microglial numbers and autophagic capacity, neuronal survival, and cognition, in a 5 × FAD transgenic mouse model of AD. Results We demonstrated that hNTSCs showed a high proliferative capacity and great neurogenic properties in vitro. Compared with hBM-MSC transplantation, hNTSC transplantation markedly reduced Aβ42 levels and plaque formation in the brains of the 5 × FAD transgenic AD mice on neuroimaging, concomitant with increased survival of hippocampal and cortex neurons. Moreover, hNTSCs strongly modulated immune status by reducing the number of microglia and the expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and upregulating autophagic capacity at 7 weeks after transplantation in AD models. Notably, compared with transplantation of hBM-MSCs, transplantation of hNTSCs significantly enhanced performance on the Morris water maze, with an increased level of TIMP2, which is necessary for spatial memory in young mice and neurons; this difference could be explained by the high engraftment of hNTSCs after transplantation. Conclusion The reliable evidence provided by these findings reveals a promising therapeutic effect of hNTSCs and indicates a step forward the clinical application of hNTSCs in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeon Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang In Park
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine (ICIM), Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon A Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Jeon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yong Jung
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine (ICIM), Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Yon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Soo Jeun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 63-ro 10, Yeoungdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Fauser M, Ricken M, Markert F, Weis N, Schmitt O, Gimsa J, Winter C, Badstübner-Meeske K, Storch A. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation induces sustained neurorestoration in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system in a Parkinson's disease model. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 156:105404. [PMID: 34044146 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an established therapeutic principle in Parkinson's disease, but the underlying mechanisms, particularly mediating non-motor actions, remain largely enigmatic. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS The delayed onset of neuropsychiatric actions in conjunction with first experimental evidence that STN-DBS causes disease-modifying effects prompted our investigation on how cellular plasticity in midbrain dopaminergic systems is affected by STN-DBS. METHODS We applied unilateral or bilateral STN-DBS in two independent cohorts of 6-hydroxydopamine hemiparkinsonian rats four to eight weeks after dopaminergic lesioning to allow for the development of a stable dopaminergic dysfunction prior to DBS electrode implantation. RESULTS After 5 weeks of STN-DBS, stimulated animals had significantly more TH+ dopaminergic neurons and fibres in both the nigrostriatal and the mesolimbic systems compared to sham controls with large effect sizes of gHedges = 1.9-3.4. DBS of the entopeduncular nucleus as the homologue of the human Globus pallidus internus did not alter the dopaminergic systems. STN-DBS effects on mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons were largely confirmed in an independent animal cohort with unilateral STN stimulation for 6 weeks or for 3 weeks followed by a 3 weeks washout period. The latter subgroup even demonstrated persistent mesolimbic dopaminergic plasticity after washout. Pilot behavioural testing showed that augmentative dopaminergic effects on the mesolimbic system by STN-DBS might translate into improvement of sensorimotor neglect. CONCLUSIONS Our data support sustained neurorestorative effects of STN-DBS not only in the nigrostriatal but also in the mesolimbic system as a potential factor mediating long-latency neuropsychiatric effects of STN-DBS in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Fauser
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Manuel Ricken
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Franz Markert
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nikolai Weis
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Schmitt
- Department of Anatomy, University of Rostock, Gertrudenstraße 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Gimsa
- Department of Biophysics, University of Rostock, Gertrudenstraße 11A, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christine Winter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany; German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany.
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12
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Höving AL, Windmöller BA, Knabbe C, Kaltschmidt B, Kaltschmidt C, Greiner JFW. Between Fate Choice and Self-Renewal-Heterogeneity of Adult Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:662754. [PMID: 33898464 PMCID: PMC8060484 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.662754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells of the neural crest (NC) vitally participate to embryonic development, but also remain in distinct niches as quiescent neural crest-derived stem cell (NCSC) pools into adulthood. Although NCSC-populations share a high capacity for self-renewal and differentiation resulting in promising preclinical applications within the last two decades, inter- and intrapopulational differences exist in terms of their expression signatures and regenerative capability. Differentiation and self-renewal of stem cells in developmental and regenerative contexts are partially regulated by the niche or culture condition and further influenced by single cell decision processes, making cell-to-cell variation and heterogeneity critical for understanding adult stem cell populations. The present review summarizes current knowledge of the cellular heterogeneity within NCSC-populations located in distinct craniofacial and trunk niches including the nasal cavity, olfactory bulb, oral tissues or skin. We shed light on the impact of intrapopulational heterogeneity on fate specifications and plasticity of NCSCs in their niches in vivo as well as during in vitro culture. We further discuss underlying molecular regulators determining fate specifications of NCSCs, suggesting a regulatory network including NF-κB and NC-related transcription factors like SLUG and SOX9 accompanied by Wnt- and MAPK-signaling to orchestrate NCSC stemness and differentiation. In summary, adult NCSCs show a broad heterogeneity on the level of the donor and the donors' sex, the cell population and the single stem cell directly impacting their differentiation capability and fate choices in vivo and in vitro. The findings discussed here emphasize heterogeneity of NCSCs as a crucial parameter for understanding their role in tissue homeostasis and regeneration and for improving their applicability in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Höving
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory- and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Beatrice A. Windmöller
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Institute for Laboratory- and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Bielefeld, Germany
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes F. W. Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Bielefeld, Germany
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13
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Gong Y, Duan H, Wang X, Zhao C, Li W, Dong C, Li Z, Zhou Q. Transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural crest cells for corneal endothelial regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:214. [PMID: 33781330 PMCID: PMC8008577 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The corneal endothelium maintains corneal hydration through the barrier and pump function, while its dysfunction may cause corneal edema and vision reduction. Considering its development from neural crest cells (NCCs), here we investigated the efficacy of the human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived NCCs for corneal endothelial regeneration in rabbits. METHODS Directed differentiation of hiPSC-derived NCCs was achieved using the chemically defined medium containing GSK-3 inhibitor and TGF-β inhibitor. The differentiated cells were characterized by immunofluorescence staining, FACS analysis, and in vitro multi-lineage differentiation capacity. For in vivo functional evaluation, 1.0 × 106 hiPSC-derived NCCs or NIH-3 T3 fibroblasts (as control) combined with 100 μM Y-27632 were intracamerally injected into the anterior chamber of rabbits following removal of corneal endothelium. Rabbit corneal thickness and phenotype changes of the transplanted cells were examined at 7 and 14 days with handy pachymeter, dual-immunofluorescence staining, and quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS The hiPSC-derived NCCs were differentiated homogenously through 7 days of induction and exhibited multi-lineage differentiation capacity into peripheral neurons, mesenchymal stem cells, and corneal keratocytes. After 7 days of intracameral injection in rabbit, the hiPSC-derived NCCs led to a gradual recovery of normal corneal thickness and clarity, when comparing to control rabbit with fibroblasts injection. However, the recovery efficacy after 14 days deteriorated and caused the reappearance of corneal edema. Mechanistically, the transplanted cells exhibited the impaired maturation, cellular senescence, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EnMT) after the early stage of the in vivo directional differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Transplantation of the hiPSC-derived NCCs rapidly restored rabbit corneal thickness and clarity. However, the long-term recovery efficacy was impaired by the improper maturation, senescence, and EnMT of the transplanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Gong
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, 271016, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Yan'erdao Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Haoyun Duan
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, 271016, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Yan'erdao Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Yan'erdao Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 372 Jingsi Road, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Can Zhao
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, 271016, China
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 372 Jingsi Road, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Yan'erdao Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chunxiao Dong
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Yan'erdao Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 372 Jingsi Road, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Zongyi Li
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, 271016, China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Yan'erdao Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, 271016, China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Yan'erdao Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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14
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Jeon S, Kim S, Ha S, Lee S, Kim E, Kim SY, Park SH, Jeon JH, Kim SW, Moon C, Nelson BJ, Kim JY, Yu SW, Choi H. Magnetically actuated microrobots as a platform for stem cell transplantation. Sci Robot 2021; 4:4/30/eaav4317. [PMID: 33137727 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aav4317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic microrobots were developed for three-dimensional culture and the precise delivery of stem cells in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Hippocampal neural stem cells attached to the microrobots proliferated and differentiated into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Moreover, microrobots were used to transport colorectal carcinoma cancer cells to tumor microtissue in a body-on-a-chip, which comprised an in vitro liver-tumor microorgan network. The microrobots were also controlled in a mouse brain slice and rat brain blood vessel. Last, microrobots carrying mesenchymal stem cells derived from human nose were manipulated inside the intraperitoneal cavity of a nude mouse. The results indicate the potential of microrobots for the culture and delivery of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoong Jeon
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.,DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Sangwon Kim
- Institute of Robotic and Intelligent System (IRIS), ETH, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Shinwon Ha
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.,DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.,DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - So Yeun Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Ho Jeon
- Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Cheil Moon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea.,DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea.,Institute of Robotic and Intelligent System (IRIS), ETH, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea. .,DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Seong-Woon Yu
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea.
| | - Hongsoo Choi
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea. .,DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
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15
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Höving AL, Sielemann K, Greiner JFW, Kaltschmidt B, Knabbe C, Kaltschmidt C. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals High Similarities between Adult Human Cardiac Stem Cells and Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cells. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120435. [PMID: 33271866 PMCID: PMC7761507 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For the identification of a stem cell population, the comparison of transcriptome data enables the simultaneous analysis of tens of thousands of molecular markers and thus enables the precise distinction of even closely related populations. Here, we utilized global gene expression profiling to compare two adult human stem cell populations, namely neural crest-derived inferior turbinate stem cells (ITSCs) of the nasal cavity and human cardiac stem cells (hCSCs) from the heart auricle. We detected high similarities between the transcriptomes of both stem cell populations, particularly including a range of neural crest-associated genes. However, global gene expression likewise reflected differences between the stem cell populations with regard to their niches of origin. In a broader analysis, we further identified clear similarities between ITSCs, hCSCs and other adherent stem cell populations compared to non-adherent hematopoietic progenitor cells. In summary, our observations reveal high similarities between adult human cardiac stem cells and neural crest-derived stem cells from the nasal cavity, which include a shared relation to the neural crest. The analyses provided here may help to understand underlying molecular regulators determining differences between adult human stem cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Höving
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.)
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
- Correspondence: (A.L.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Katharina Sielemann
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Graduate School DILS, Bielefeld Institute for Bioinformatics Infrastructure (BIBI), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes F. W. Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.)
- AG Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.H.); (C.K.)
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16
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Pérez-Luz S, Loria F, Katsu-Jiménez Y, Oberdoerfer D, Yang OL, Lim F, Muñoz-Blanco JL, Díaz-Nido J. Altered Secretome and ROS Production in Olfactory Mucosa Stem Cells Derived from Friedreich's Ataxia Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186662. [PMID: 32933002 PMCID: PMC7555998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich’s ataxia is the most common hereditary ataxia for which there is no cure or approved treatment at present. However, therapeutic developments based on the understanding of pathological mechanisms underlying the disease have advanced considerably, with the implementation of cellular models that mimic the disease playing a crucial role. Human olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells represent a novel model that could prove useful due to their accessibility and neurogenic capacity. Here, we isolated and cultured these stem cells from Friedreich´s ataxia patients and healthy donors, characterizing their phenotype and describing disease-specific features such as reduced cell viability, impaired aconitase activity, increased ROS production and the release of cytokines involved in neuroinflammation. Importantly, we observed a positive effect on patient-derived cells, when frataxin levels were restored, confirming the utility of this in vitro model to study the disease. This model will improve our understanding of Friedreich´s ataxia pathogenesis and will help in developing rationally designed therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pérez-Luz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (D.O.); (O.-L.Y.); (J.D.-N.)
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2,200, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Frida Loria
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (D.O.); (O.-L.Y.); (J.D.-N.)
- Laboratorio de Apoyo a la Investigación, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Calle Budapest 1, 28922 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-911-964-594
| | - Yurika Katsu-Jiménez
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Solnaväjen 1, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Daniel Oberdoerfer
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (D.O.); (O.-L.Y.); (J.D.-N.)
| | - Oscar-Li Yang
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (D.O.); (O.-L.Y.); (J.D.-N.)
| | - Filip Lim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Luis Muñoz-Blanco
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier Díaz-Nido
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (D.O.); (O.-L.Y.); (J.D.-N.)
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17
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Ruiz-Perera LM, Greiner JFW, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B. A Matter of Choice: Inhibition of c-Rel Shifts Neuronal to Oligodendroglial Fate in Human Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041037. [PMID: 32331232 PMCID: PMC7226153 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying fate decisions of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) between neurogenesis and gliogenesis are critical during neuronal development and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite its crucial role in the murine nervous system, the potential role of the transcription factor NF-κB in the neuronal development of hNSCs is poorly understood. Here, we analyzed NF-κB subunit distribution during glutamatergic differentiation of hNSCs originating from neural crest-derived stem cells. We observed several peaks of specific NF-κB subunits. The most prominent nuclear peak was shown by c-REL subunit during a period of 2–5 days after differentiation onset. Furthermore, c-REL inhibition with pentoxifylline (PTXF) resulted in a complete shift towards oligodendroglial fate, as demonstrated by the presence of OLIG2+/O4+-oligodendrocytes, which showed PDGFRα, NG2 and MBP at the transcript level. In addition c-REL impairment further produced a significant decrease in neuronal survival. Transplantation of PTXF-treated predifferentiated hNSCs into an ex vivo oxidative-stress-mediated demyelination model of mouse organotypic cerebellar slices further led to integration in the white matter and differentiation into MBP+ oligodendrocytes, validating their functionality and therapeutic potential. In summary, we present a human cellular model of neuronal differentiation exhibiting a novel essential function of NF-κB-c-REL in fate choice between neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis which will potentially be relevant for multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (C.K.)
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Greiner JFW, Merten M, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B. Sexual dimorphisms in adult human neural, mesoderm-derived, and neural crest-derived stem cells. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3338-3352. [PMID: 31529465 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphisms contribute, at least in part, to the severity and occurrence of a broad range of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and bone disorders. In addition to hormonal factors, increasing evidence suggests that stem cell-intrinsic mechanisms account for sex-specific differences in human physiology and pathology. Here, we discuss sex-related intrinsic mechanisms in adult stem cell populations, namely mesoderm-derived stem cells, neural stem cells (NSCs), and neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs), and their implications for stem cell differentiation and regeneration. We particularly focus on sex-specific differences in stem cell-mediated bone regeneration, in neuronal development, and in NSC-mediated neuroprotection. Moreover, we review our own recently published observations regarding the sex-dependent role of NF-κB-p65 in neuroprotection of human NCSC-derived neurons and sex differences in NCSC-related disorders, so-called neurocristopathies. These observations are in accordance with the increasing evidence pointing toward sex-specific differences in neurocristopathies and degenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease or osteoporosis. All findings discussed here indicate that sex-specific variability in stem cell biology may become a crucial parameter for the design of future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madlen Merten
- Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Germany.,Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Germany
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19
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Collazo-Navarrete O, Hernández-García D, Guerrero-Flores G, Drucker-Colín R, Guerra-Crespo M, Covarrubias L. The Substantia Nigra Is Permissive and Gains Inductive Signals When Lesioned for Dopaminergic Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1104-1115. [PMID: 31140356 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of dopaminergic (DA) cells into the striatum can rescue from dopamine deficiency in a Parkinson's disease condition, but this is not a suitable procedure for regaining the full control of motor activity. The minimal condition toward recovering the nigrostriatal pathway is the proper innervation of transplanted DA neurons or their precursors from the substancia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) to their target areas. However, functional integration of transplanted cells would require first that the host SNpc is suitable for their survival and/or differentiation. We recently reported that the intact adult SNpc holds a strong neurogenic environment, but primed embryonic stem cells (ie, embryoid body cells, EBCs) could not derive into DA neurons. In this study, we transplanted into the intact or lesioned SNpc, EBCs derived from embryonic stem cells that were prompt to differentiate into DA neurons by the forced expression of Lmx1a in neural precursor cells (R1B5/NesE-Lmx1a). We observed that, 6 days posttransplantation (dpt), R1B5 or R1B5/NesE-Lmx1a EBCs gave rise to Nes+ and Dcx+ cells within the host SNpc, but a large number of Th+ cells derived only from EBCs exogenously expressing Lmx1a. In contrast, when transplantation was carried out into the 6-hydroxidopamine-lesioned SNpc, the emergence of Th+ cells from EBCs was independent of exogenous Lmx1a expression, although these cells were not found by 15 dpt. These results suggest that the adult SNpc is not only a permissive niche for initiation of DA differentiation of non-neuralized cells but also releases factors upon damage that promote the acquisition of DA characteristics by transplanted EBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Collazo-Navarrete
- 1Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,2Department of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - David Hernández-García
- 2Department of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Gilda Guerrero-Flores
- 2Department of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - René Drucker-Colín
- 1Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Magdalena Guerra-Crespo
- 1Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Covarrubias
- 2Department of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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20
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Simorgh S, Alizadeh R, Eftekharzadeh M, Haramshahi SMA, Milan PB, Doshmanziari M, Ramezanpour F, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Seifi M, Moradi F. Olfactory mucosa stem cells: An available candidate for the treatment of the Parkinson's disease. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23763-23773. [PMID: 31173364 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs) possess the immunosuppressive activity and regeneration capacity and hold a lot of promises for neurodegenerative disorders treatment. This study aimed to determine OE-MSCs which are able to augment and differentiate into functional neurons and regenerate the CNS and also examine whether the implantation of OE-MSCs in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SNpc) can improve Parkinson's symptoms in a rat model-induced with 6-hydroxydopamine. We isolated OE-MSCs from lamina propria in olfactory mucosa and characterized them using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. The therapeutic potential of OE-MSCs was evaluated by the transplantation of isolated cells using a rat model of acute SN injury as a Parkinson's disease. Significant behavioral improvement in Parkinsonian rats was elicited by the OE-MSCs. The results demonstrate that the expression of PAX2, PAX5, PITX3, dopamine transporter, and tyrosine hydroxylase was increased by OE-MSCs compared to the control group which is analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reaction technique and immunohistochemical staining. In the outcome, the transplantation of 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3'3'-tetramethyl indocarbocyanine perchlorate labeled OE-MSCs that were fully differentiated to dopaminergic neurons contribute to a substantial improvement in patients with Parkinson's. Together, our results provide that using OE-MSCs in neurodegenerative disorders might lead to better neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Simorgh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Eftekharzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amin Haramshahi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peiman Brouki Milan
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Doshmanziari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Seifi
- Departments of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Simonis M, Sandmeyer A, Greiner J, Kaltschmidt B, Huser T, Hennig S. MoNa - A Cost-Efficient, Portable System for the Nanoinjection of Living Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5480. [PMID: 30940847 PMCID: PMC6445100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Injection techniques to deliver macromolecules to cells such as microinjection have been around for decades with applications ranging from probing whole organisms to the injection of fluorescent molecules into single cells. A similar technique that has raised recent interest is nanoinjection. The pipettes used here are much smaller and allow for the precise deposition of molecules into single cells via electrokinetics with minimal influence on the cells’ health. Unfortunately, the equipment utilized for nanoinjection originates from scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) and is therefore expensive and not portable, but usually fixed to a specific microscope setup. The level of precision that these systems achieve is much higher than what is needed for the more robust nanoinjection process. We present Mobile Nanoinjection (MoNa), a portable, cost-efficient and easy to build system for the injection of single cells. Sacrificing unnecessary sub-nanometer accuracy and low ion current noise levels, we were able to inject single living cells with high accuracy. We determined the noise of the MoNa system and investigated the injection conditions for 16 prominent fluorescent labels and fluorophores. Further, we performed proof of concepts by injection of ATTO655-Phalloidin and MitoTracker Deep Red to living human osteosarcoma (U2OS) cells and of living adult human inferior turbinate stem cells (ITSC’s) following neuronal differentiation with the MoNa system. We achieved significant cost reductions of the nanoinjection technology and gained full portability and compatibility to most optical microscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Simonis
- Biomolecular Photonics, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alice Sandmeyer
- Biomolecular Photonics, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.,Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Huser
- Biomolecular Photonics, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Simon Hennig
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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22
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Comparative Analysis of Biological Properties of Large-Scale Expanded Adult Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cells Isolated from Human Hair Follicle and Skin Dermis. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9640790. [PMID: 30915126 PMCID: PMC6399535 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9640790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The adult neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) have significant perspectives for use in regenerative medicine. The most attractive sources for adult NCSC isolation are the hair follicles (HF) and skin dermis (SD) because of easy access and minimally invasive biopsy. The aim of this study was to compare the biological properties of HF- and SD-derived NCSCs after their large-scale expansion. Methods The conventional explant method was used to obtain HF NCSCs. For the isolation of SD NCSCs, a new combined technique consisting of preplating and subsequent culturing in 3D blood plasma-derived fibrin hydrogel was applied. The studied cells were characterized by flow cytometry, ICC, qPCR, Bio-Plex multiplex assay, and directed multilineage differentiation assays. Results We have obtained both adult SD and HF NCSCs from each skin sample (n = 5). Adult SD and HF NCSCs were positive for key neural crest markers: SOX10, P75 (CD271), NESTIN, SOX2, and CD349. SD NCSCs showed a higher growth rate during the large-scale expansion compared to HF NCSCs (p < 0.01). Final population of SD NCSCs also contained more clonogenic cells (p < 0.01) and SOX10+, CD271+, CD105+, CD140a+, CD146+, CD349+ cells (p < 0.01). Both HF and SD NCSCs had similar gene expression profiling and produced growth factors, but some quantitative differences were detected. Adult HF and SD NCSCs were able to undergo directed differentiation into neurons, Schwann cells, adipocytes, and osteoblasts. Conclusion The HF and SD are suitable sources for large-scale manufacturing of adult NCSCs with similar biological properties. We demonstrated that the NCSC population from SD was homogenous and displayed significantly higher growth rate than HF NCSCs. Moreover, SD NCSC isolation is cheaper, easier, and minimally time-consuming method.
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23
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Schürmann M, Brotzmann V, Bütow M, Greiner J, Höving A, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B, Sudhoff H. Identification of a Novel High Yielding Source of Multipotent Adult Human Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:277-285. [PMID: 29243108 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to their extraordinarily broad differentiation potential and persistence during adulthood, adult neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) are highly promising candidates for clinical applications, particularly when facing the challenging treatment of neurodegenerative diseases or complex craniofacial injuries. Successful application of human NCSCs in regenerative medicine and pharmaceutical research mainly relies on the availability of sufficient amounts of tissue for cell isolation procedures. Facing this challenge, we here describe for the first time a novel population of NCSCs within the middle turbinate of the human nasal cavity. From a surgical point of view, high amounts of tissue are routinely and easily removed during nasal biopsies. Investigating the presence of putative stem cells in obtained middle turbinate tissue by immunohistochemistry, we observed Nestin+/p75NTR+/S100+/α smooth muscle actin (αSMA)- cells, which we successfully isolated and cultivated in vitro. Cultivated middle turbinate stem cells (MTSCs) kept their expression of neural crest and stemness markers Nestin, p75 NTR and S100 and showed the capability of sphere formation and clonal growth, indicating their stem cell character. Application of directed in vitro differentiation assays resulted in successful differentiation of MTSCs into osteogenic and neuronal cell types. Regarding the high amount of tissue obtained during surgery as well as their broad differentiation capability, MTSCs seem to be a highly promising novel neural crest stem cell population for applications in cell replacement therapy and pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schürmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, Teutoburger Straße 50, 33604, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Viktoria Brotzmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, Teutoburger Straße 50, 33604, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marlena Bütow
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, Teutoburger Straße 50, 33604, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anna Höving
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- AG Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Holger Sudhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, Teutoburger Straße 50, 33604, Bielefeld, Germany.
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24
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Ruiz-Perera LM, Schneider L, Windmöller BA, Müller J, Greiner JFW, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B. NF-κB p65 directs sex-specific neuroprotection in human neurons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16012. [PMID: 30375448 PMCID: PMC6207661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection of neurons against oxidative stress is crucial during neuronal development, maintenance and for treating neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying sex-specific maturation and survival of neurons. In the present study, we demonstrate NF-κB-p65 mediated neuroprotection in human glutamatergic neurons differentiated from inferior turbinate stem cells (ITSCs) in a sex-dependent manner. We successfully differentiated ITSCs into MAP-2+/NF200+/Synaptophysin+/vGlut2+-glutamatergic neurons in vitro and ex vivo and validated their functionality. TNF-α-dependent NF-κB-p65 activation was accompanied by significant neuroprotection against oxidative stress-induced neuronal death, which was surprisingly higher in neurons from female donors. Accordingly, sex-specific neuroprotection of female neurons was followed by an increased expression of special NF-κB target genes SOD2 and IGF2. Among these, SOD2 is a well known gene protecting cells against oxidative stress resulting in longevity. In addition, IGF2 is known to promote synapse formation and spine maturation, and it has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects against oxidative damage. In conclusion, we show that NF-κB-p65 is a key player in neuroprotection of human neurons, however the protective gene expression program beneath it differs between sexes. Our findings are in accordance with the increasing evidences pointing towards sex-specific differences in risk and severity of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Janine Müller
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | | | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany. .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
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25
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Alajbeg I, Alić I, Andabak-Rogulj A, Brailo V, Mitrečić D. Human- and mouse-derived neurons can be simultaneously obtained by co-cultures of human oral mucosal stem cells and mouse neural stem cells. Oral Dis 2018; 24:5-10. [PMID: 29480641 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe simultaneous differentiation and analyse possible interactions between co-cultured human oral mucosal stem cells (hOMSC) and mouse neural stem cells (mNSC). MATERIALS AND METHODS hOMSC and mNSC were co-cultured in mouse and in human medium, and their immunocytochemical characterization to detect survival rate and differentiation pattern was performed. Co-cultures in different media were compared to hOMSC in human medium and mNSC in mouse medium as controls. RESULTS Co-culture of hOMSC and mNSC in medium for human cells led to normal differentiation pattern of human cells, while mNSC were directed towards astrocytes. When the same cells were cultivated in the mouse medium, both cell types succeeded to form neurons, although mNSC showed a tendency to overgrow hOMSC. hOMSC alone in the human-specific medium differentiated towards ectodermal (Oct4, Map2) and mesodermal (Osterix) cell populations. mNSC in the mouse-specific medium differentiated towards Map2-, β3-tubulin- and NeuN-positive neurons. CONCLUSIONS hOMSC and mNSC can form co-cultures. Different media considerably affected the differentiation pattern of co-cultures, whereas one cell population itself modestly influenced differentiation of the other cell type. The in vitro differentiation pattern of hOMSC in the mouse neural tissue environment suggested that hOMSC could be beneficial in the brain tissue affected by ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Alajbeg
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Dentistry, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - I Alić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Andabak-Rogulj
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V Brailo
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Dentistry, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - D Mitrečić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
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26
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Paliga D, Raudzus F, Leppla SH, Heumann R, Neumann S. Lethal Factor Domain-Mediated Delivery of Nurr1 Transcription Factor Enhances Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity and Protects from Neurotoxin-Induced Degeneration of Dopaminergic Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3393-3403. [PMID: 30121937 PMCID: PMC6476859 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The orphan transcription factor nuclear receptor-related 1 protein (Nurr1, also known as NR4A2) plays a key role in embryonic development and maintenance of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Nurr1 deficiency is associated with Parkinson’s disease where dopaminergic neurons degenerate suggesting that counter-regulation of Nurr1 activity may have therapeutic effects. Here, we bacterially expressed and isolated a human Nurr1 fusion protein containing a N-terminal cell delivery domain derived from detoxified anthrax lethal factor followed by wild type ubiquitin with deubiquitinating enzyme recognition site for intracellular cleavage. Addition of the Nurr1 fusion protein to dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells generated a cleaved, cytosolic Nurr1-containing fragment which was associated with increased levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis. Promoter-activity assays confirmed that exposure of cells to full-length Nurr1 fusion protein activated not only its cognate human tyrosine hydroxylase promoter but also the corresponding mouse sequence, although at a reduced efficiency. Using 6-hydroxydopamine as a dopaminergic cell specific neurotoxin, we demonstrate that full-length Nurr1 fusion protein promotes a concentration-dependent protection from this toxic insult. Altogether, the enhancement of tyrosine hydroxylase in naïve dopaminergic cells and the protective effects in a cellular model of Parkinson’s disease suggest that full-length Nurr1 fusion protein may contribute to the development of a novel concept of protein-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Paliga
- Department of Biochemistry II - Molecular Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fabian Raudzus
- Department of Biochemistry II - Molecular Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephen H Leppla
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rolf Heumann
- Department of Biochemistry II - Molecular Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Neumann
- Department of Biochemistry II - Molecular Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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27
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Stem cells in middle ear cholesteatoma contribute to its pathogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6204. [PMID: 29670222 PMCID: PMC5906547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesteatoma is a potentially life-threatening middle ear lesion due to the formation of an inflamed ectopic mass of keratinizing squamous epithelium. Surgical removal remains the only treatment option, emphasizing the need to gain a better understanding of this severe disease. We show for the first time that stem cells residing in cholesteatoma tissue contribute to disease progression. Cells expressing the “stemness” markers Nestin and S100B were detected in middle ear cholesteatoma and auditory canal skin. Isolated Nestin + /S100B + -cells showed the capability for self-renewal, neurosphere formation and differentiation into mesodermal and ectodermal cell types. Compared to auditory canal skin stem cells middle ear cholesteatoma-derived stem cells displayed an enhanced susceptibility to inflammatory stimuli, and this suggested a possible contribution to the inflammatory environment in cholesteatoma tissue. Cholesteatoma derived stem cells were able to differentiate into keratinocyte-like cells using factors mimicking the microenvironment of cholesteatoma. Our findings demonstrate a new perspective on the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma and may lead to new treatment strategies for this severe middle ear lesion.
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28
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Zeuner MT, Didenko NN, Humphries D, Stergiadis S, Morash TM, Patel K, Grimm WD, Widera D. Isolation and Characterization of Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cells From Adult Ovine Palatal Tissue. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:39. [PMID: 29696142 PMCID: PMC5904732 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mammalian craniofacial tissues contain limited numbers of post-migratory neural crest-derived stem cells. Similar to their embryonic counterparts, these adult multipotent stem cells can undergo multi-lineage differentiation and are capable of contributing to regeneration of mesodermal and ectodermal cells and tissues in vivo. In the present study, we describe for the first time the presence of Nestin-positive neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) within the ovine hard palate. We show that these cells can be isolated from the palatal tissue and are able to form neurospheres. Ovine NCSCs express the typical neural crest markers Slug and Twist, exhibit high proliferative and migratory activity and are able to differentiate into α smooth muscle cells and β-III-tubulin expressing ectodermal cells. Finally, we demonstrate that oNCSCs are capable of differentiating into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic cells. Taken together, our results suggest that oNCSCs could be used as model cells to assess the efficacy and safety of autologous NCSC transplantation in a large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Theres Zeuner
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolai N Didenko
- Stem Cell Lab, Department for Personalized Medicine, Scientific Innovation Centre, Stavropol State Medical University, Stavropol, Russia
| | - David Humphries
- Centre for Dairy Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Sokratis Stergiadis
- Animal, Dairy and Food Chain Sciences Research Group, Centre for Dairy Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Taryn M Morash
- Skeletal Muscle Development Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Ketan Patel
- Skeletal Muscle Development Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Wolf-Dieter Grimm
- Stem Cell Lab, Department for Personalized Medicine, Scientific Innovation Centre, Stavropol State Medical University, Stavropol, Russia.,Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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29
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Schomann T, Mezzanotte L, Lourens IALM, de Groot JCMJ, Frijns JHM, Huisman MA. Lentiviral transduction and subsequent loading with nanoparticles do not affect cell viability and proliferation in hair-follicle-bulge-derived stem cells in vitro. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2016; 11:550-560. [PMID: 27976505 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The application of stem cells in the treatment of various degenerative diseases is highly promising. However, cell-based therapy could be limited by the problem of low viability of grafted cells and uncertainty about their fate. The combination of molecular imaging and contrast-enhanced MRI may give more insight into the survival and behavior of grafted stem cells. We explore hair-follicle-bulge-derived stem cells (HFBSCs) as a potential candidate for autologous cell-based therapy. HFBSCs are transduced with a lentiviral construct with genes coding for bioluminescent (Luc2) and fluorescent (copGFP) reporter proteins, and subsequently loaded with magnetic nanoparticles to enable MRI visualization. Thus, we investigate for the first time if lentiviral transduction and cellular loading with nanoparticles have a cytotoxic effect upon these stem cells. Transduction efficiency, proliferation rate, cell viability and reporter protein co-expression during long-term culture of transduced HFBSCs were studied using fluorescence and bioluminescence microscopy. In addition, the effect of TMSR50 nanoparticles on proliferation and viability was investigated using the MTS assay and bioluminescence microscopy. The amount of TMSR50-loaded HFBSCs needed to reach signal threshold for MRI was assessed using an agarose phantom. Transduction with the Luc2-copGFP construct did not influence senescence, proliferation, doubling time, and differentiation of the HFBSCs. CopGFP expression was visible immediately after transduction and persisted for at least 15 passages, concomitantly with Luc2 expression. Cellular loading with TMSR50 nanoparticles did not affect cell viability and proliferation. The results imply that combined MRI and bioluminescence imaging may enable in vivo localization and long-term monitoring of grafted viable HFBSCs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Schomann
- Auditory Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Optical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ierry-Ann-Lym M Lourens
- Auditory Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John C M J de Groot
- Auditory Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan H M Frijns
- Auditory Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margriet A Huisman
- Auditory Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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30
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Marxreiter F, Storch A, Winkler J. [Cellular replacement strategies and adult neurogenesis in idiopathic Parkinson's disease]. DER NERVENARZT 2016; 87:805-13. [PMID: 27389601 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-016-0157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common age-related movement disorder and characterized by slowly progressive neurodegeneration resulting in motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor and postural instability. Moreover, non-motor symptoms, such as hyposmia, anxiety and depression reduce the quality of life in PD. Motor symptoms are associated with a distinct striatal dopaminergic deficit resulting from axonal dysfunction and neuronal loss in the substantia nigra (SN). Recent progress in stem cell technology allows the optimization of cellular transplantation strategies in order to alleviate the motor deficit, which potentially leads to a reactivation of this therapeutic strategy. Besides neurodegenerative processes impaired adult neurogenesis and consequentially reduced endogenous cellular plasticity may play an important role in PD. This article discusses the notion that non-motor symptoms in PD may partly be explained by reduced adult neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marxreiter
- Abteilung für Molekulare Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - A Storch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universität Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147, Rostock, Deutschland.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147, Rostock, Deutschland
| | - J Winkler
- Abteilung für Molekulare Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.
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31
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Hofemeier AD, Hachmeister H, Pilger C, Schürmann M, Greiner JFW, Nolte L, Sudhoff H, Kaltschmidt C, Huser T, Kaltschmidt B. Label-free nonlinear optical microscopy detects early markers for osteogenic differentiation of human stem cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26716. [PMID: 27225821 PMCID: PMC4880889 DOI: 10.1038/srep26716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering by stem cell differentiation is a novel treatment option for bone regeneration. Most approaches for the detection of osteogenic differentiation are invasive or destructive and not compatible with live cell analysis. Here, non-destructive and label-free approaches of Raman spectroscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy were used to detect and image osteogenic differentiation of human neural crest-derived inferior turbinate stem cells (ITSCs). Combined CARS and SHG microscopy was able to detect markers of osteogenesis within 14 days after osteogenic induction. This process increased during continued differentiation. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy showed significant increases of the PO4(3-) symmetric stretch vibrations at 959 cm(-1) assigned to calcium hydroxyapatite between days 14 and 21. Additionally, CARS microscopy was able to image calcium hydroxyapatite deposits within 14 days following osteogenic induction, which was confirmed by Alizarin Red-Staining and RT- PCR. Taken together, the multimodal label-free analysis methods Raman spectroscopy, CARS and SHG microscopy can monitor osteogenic differentiation of adult human stem cells into osteoblasts with high sensitivity and spatial resolution in three dimensions. Our findings suggest a great potential of these optical detection methods for clinical applications including in vivo observation of bone tissue-implant-interfaces or disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne D Hofemeier
- Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany.,Biomolecular Photonics, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Christian Pilger
- Biomolecular Photonics, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Johannes F W Greiner
- Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, D-33604 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lena Nolte
- Biomolecular Photonics, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Holger Sudhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, D-33604 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Huser
- Biomolecular Photonics, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany.,Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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32
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Inverse Expression Levels of EphrinA3 and EphrinA5 Contribute to Dopaminergic Differentiation of Human SH-SY5Y Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 59:483-92. [PMID: 27217159 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two key principles underlying successful cellular therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) are appropriate differentiation of dopaminergic (DA) neurons from transplanted cells and precise axon growth. EphrinAs, a subclass of ephrins, act as axon guidance molecules and are highly expressed in DA brain regions. Existing evidences indicate that they act as either repulsion or attraction signals to guide axon growth. This study investigated whether ephrinAs are involved in DA neuron differentiation. Data from miRCURY™ LNA mRNAs/microRNAs microarrays and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed upregulated ephrinA3 mRNA (EFNA3) and downregulated ephrinA5 mRNA (EFNA5) during DA neuron differentiation. In addition, hsa-miR-4271 was downregulated, which could influence EFNA3 translation. Furthermore, immunofluorescence (IF) and western blotting confirmed the mRNA results and showed increased ephrinA3 and decreased ephrinA5 protein levels in differentiating DA neurons. Taken together, our results indicate that inverse expression levels of ephrinA3 and ephrinA5, which are possibly influenced by microRNAs, contribute to DA neuron differentiation by guiding axon growth.
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1,8-Cineole potentiates IRF3-mediated antiviral response in human stem cells and in an ex vivo model of rhinosinusitis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:1339-52. [PMID: 27129189 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The common cold is one of the most frequent human inflammatory diseases caused by viruses and can facilitate bacterial superinfections, resulting in sinusitis or pneumonia. The active ingredient of the drug Soledum, 1,8-cineole, is commonly applied for treating inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. However, the potential for 1,8-cineole to treat primary viral infections of the respiratory tract remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that 1,8-cineole potentiates poly(I:C)-induced activity of the antiviral transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), while simultaneously reducing proinflammatory nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity in human cell lines, inferior turbinate stem cells (ITSCs) and in ex vivo cultivated human nasal mucosa. Co-treatment of cell lines with poly(I:C) and 1,8-cineole resulted in significantly increased IRF3 reporter gene activity compared with poly(I:C) alone, whereas NF-κB activity was reduced. Accordingly, 1,8-cineole- and poly(I:C) treatment led to increased nuclear translocation of IRF3 in ITSCs and a human ex vivo model of rhinosinusitis compared with the poly(I:C) treatment approach. Nuclear translocation of IRF3 was significantly increased in ITSCs and slice cultures treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 1,8-cineole compared with the LPS-treated cells mimicking bacterial infection. Our findings strongly suggest that 1,8-cineole potentiates the antiviral activity of IRF3 in addition to its inhibitory effect on proinflammatory NF-κB signalling, and may thus broaden its field of application.
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Zhu B, Caldwell M, Song B. Development of stem cell-based therapies for Parkinson's disease. Int J Neurosci 2016; 126:955-62. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2016.1148034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Schürmann M, Frese N, Beyer A, Heimann P, Widera D, Mönkemöller V, Huser T, Kaltschmidt B, Kaltschmidt C, Gölzhäuser A. Helium Ion Microscopy Visualizes Lipid Nanodomains in Mammalian Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:5781-5789. [PMID: 26436577 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201501540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes are composed of 2D bilayers of amphipathic lipids, which allow a lateral movement of the respective membrane components. These components are arranged in an inhomogeneous manner as transient micro- and nanodomains, which are believed to be crucially involved in the regulation of signal transduction pathways in mammalian cells. Because of their small size (diameter 10-200 nm), membrane nanodomains cannot be directly imaged using conventional light microscopy. Here, direct visualization of cell membrane nanodomains by helium ion microscopy (HIM) is presented. It is shown that HIM is capable to image biological specimens without any conductive coating and that HIM images clearly allow the identification of nanodomains in the ultrastructure of membranes with 1.5 nm resolution. The shape of these nanodomains is preserved by fixation of the surrounding unsaturated fatty acids while saturated fatty acids inside the nanodomains are selectively removed. Atomic force microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, 3D structured illumination microscopy, and direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy provide additional evidence that the structures in the HIM images of cell membranes originate from membrane nanodomains. The nanodomains observed by HIM have an average diameter of 20 nm and are densely arranged with a minimal nearest neighbor distance of ≈ 15 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie Frese
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - André Beyer
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Peter Heimann
- Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Darius Widera
- Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | | | - Thomas Huser
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | | | - Armin Gölzhäuser
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
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Hayakawa K, Lo EH. Brain-peripheral cell crosstalk in white matter damage and repair. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:901-8. [PMID: 26277436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
White matter damage is an important part of cerebrovascular disease and may be a significant contributing factor in vascular mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction and dementia. It is well accepted that white matter homeostasis involves multifactorial interactions between all cells in the axon-glia-vascular unit. But more recently, it has been proposed that beyond cell-cell signaling within the brain per se, dynamic crosstalk between brain and systemic responses such as circulating immune cells and stem/progenitor cells may also be important. In this review, we explore the hypothesis that peripheral cells contribute to damage and repair after white matter damage. Depending on timing, phenotype and context, monocyte/macrophage can possess both detrimental and beneficial effects on oligodendrogenesis and white matter remodeling. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can be activated after CNS injury and the response may also influence white matter repair process. These emerging findings support the hypothesis that peripheral-derived cells can be both detrimental or beneficial in white matter pathology in cerebrovascular disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia, edited by M. Paul Murphy, Roderick A. Corriveau and Donna M. Wilcock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Hayakawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Cary WA, Hori CN, Pham MT, Nacey CA, McGee JL, Hamou M, Berman RF, Bauer G, Nolta JA, Waldau B. Efficient Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem and Neural Progenitor Cells From Acutely Harvested Dura Mater Obtained During Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Surgery. World Neurosurg 2015; 84:1256-66.e1. [PMID: 26074438 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dura mater can be easily biopsied during most cranial neurosurgical operations. We describe a protocol that allows for robust generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and neural progenitors from acutely harvested dura mater. OBJECTIVE To generate iPSCs and neural progenitor cells from dura mater obtained during ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery. METHODS Dura was obtained during ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery for normal pressure hydrocephalus from a 60-year-old patient with severe cognitive impairment. Fibroblasts were isolated from the dural matrix and transduced with nonintegrating Sendai virus for iPSC induction. A subset of successfully generated iPSC clones underwent immunocytochemical analysis, teratoma assay, karyotyping, and targeted neural differentiation. RESULTS Eleven iPSC clones were obtained from the transduction of an estimated 600,000 dural fibroblasts after 3 passages. Three clones underwent immunocytochemical analysis and were shown to express the transcription factors OCT-4, SOX2, and the embryonic cell markers SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, and Nanog. Two clones were tested for pluripotency and formed teratomas at the injection site in immunodeficient mice. Three clones underwent chromosomal analysis and were found to have a normal metaphase spread and karyotype. One clone underwent targeted neural differentiation and formed neural rosettes as well as TuJ1/SOX1-positive neural progenitor cells. CONCLUSIONS IPSCs and neural progenitor cells can be efficiently derived from the dura of patients who need to undergo cranial neurosurgical operations. IPSCs were obtained with a nonintegrating virus and exhibited a normal karyotype, making them candidates for future autotransplantation after targeted differentiation to treat functional deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Ann Cary
- Institute for Regenerative Cures (IRC), Sacramento, California, USA; UC Davis Stem Cell Program, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Courtney Namiko Hori
- Institute for Regenerative Cures (IRC), Sacramento, California, USA; UC Davis Stem Cell Program, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Missy Trananh Pham
- Institute for Regenerative Cures (IRC), Sacramento, California, USA; UC Davis Stem Cell Program, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Catherine Ann Nacey
- Institute for Regenerative Cures (IRC), Sacramento, California, USA; UC Davis Stem Cell Program, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jeannine Logan McGee
- Institute for Regenerative Cures (IRC), Sacramento, California, USA; UC Davis Stem Cell Program, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Mattan Hamou
- Institute for Regenerative Cures (IRC), Sacramento, California, USA; UC Davis Stem Cell Program, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Robert F Berman
- Department of Neurosurgery, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Gerhard Bauer
- Institute for Regenerative Cures (IRC), Sacramento, California, USA; UC Davis Stem Cell Program, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Institute for Regenerative Cures (IRC), Sacramento, California, USA; UC Davis Stem Cell Program, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Ben Waldau
- Department of Neurosurgery, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA; UC Davis Stem Cell Program, Sacramento, California, USA.
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