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Chen S, Liang B, Xu J. Unveiling heterogeneity in MSCs: exploring marker-based strategies for defining MSC subpopulations. J Transl Med 2024; 22:459. [PMID: 38750573 PMCID: PMC11094970 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a heterogeneous cell population distributed throughout various tissues, demonstrating remarkable adaptability to microenvironmental cues and holding immense promise for disease treatment. However, the inherent diversity within MSCs often leads to variability in therapeutic outcomes, posing challenges for clinical applications. To address this heterogeneity, purification of MSC subpopulations through marker-based isolation has emerged as a promising approach to ensure consistent therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discussed the reported markers of MSCs, encompassing those developed through candidate marker strategies and high-throughput approaches, with the aim of explore viable strategies for addressing the heterogeneity of MSCs and illuminate prospective research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowei Liang
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Fuqiang Avenue 1001, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Y, Ren J, Hou G, Ge X. NFATC1 and NFATC2 expression patterns in human osteochondromas. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13018. [PMID: 36747924 PMCID: PMC9898645 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous study in genetic mouse models found that NFATc1 and NFATc2 suppress osteochondroma formation from entheseal progenitors. However, it remains unclear whether NFAT signaling is also involved in human osteochondromagenesis. As the first step in addressing this question, the current study aimed to determine the expression patterns of NFATC1 and NFATC2 in human osteochondroma samples. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine and analyze NFATC1 and NFATC2 expression in human osteochondroma samples. The human periosteum was used to map the expression of NFATC1 under physiological conditions by IHC. Furthermore, human periosteal progenitors were isolated and identified from the periosteal tissues of bone fracture healing patients. The expression of NFATC1 in human periosteal progenitors was characterized by Western blotting compared to human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). Results The IHC results showed that the expression of NFATC1 was undetectable in most human osteochondromas cells, and only a small proportion of osteochondroma cells, especially clonally grown chondrocytes, showed positive staining of NFATC1. NFATC2 expression was also undetectable in most chondrocytes in human osteochondromas. The mouse and human periosteum showed a comparable ratio of NFATC1 positive cells (9.56 ± 0.80% vs 11.04 ± 2.05%, P = 0.3101). Furthermore, Western blotting analysis revealed that NFATC1 expression was highly enriched in human periosteal progenitors compared to BMSC. Conclusions NFATC1 and NFATC2 are undetectable in most human osteochondroma chondrocytes. The expression pattern of NFATC1 in human osteochondromas and the normal periosteum suggests that NFAT signaling could be suppressed during human osteochondromagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangdong Ren
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopaedics of Guangdong Province), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guojin Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianpeng Ge
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China,Corresponding author. Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Tang Y, Wu B, Huang T, Wang H, Shi R, Lai W, Xiang L. Collision of Commonality and Personalization: Better Understanding of the Periosteum. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B: REVIEWS 2022; 29:91-102. [PMID: 36006374 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The periosteum is quite essential for bone repair. The excellent osteogenic properties of periosteal tissue make it a popular choice for accelerated osteogenesis in tissue engineering. With advances in research and technology, renewed attention has been paid to the periosteum. Recent studies have shown that the complexity of the periosteum is not only limited to histological features but also includes genetic and phenotypic features. In addition, the periosteum is proved to be quite site-specific in many ways. This brings challenges to the selection of periosteal donor sites. Limited understanding of the periosteum sets up barriers to developing optimal tissue regeneration strategies. A better understanding of periosteum could lead to better applications. Therefore, we reviewed the histological structure, gene expression, and function of the periosteum from both the commonality and personalization. It aims to discuss some obscure issues and untapped potential of periosteum and artificial periosteum in the application, where further theoretical research is needed. Overall, the site-specificity of the periosteum needs to be fully considered in future applications. However, significant further work is needed in relevant clinical trials to promote the further development of artificial periosteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthdontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,
| | - Bingfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Tianyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Haochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Ruijianghan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Wenli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthdontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China,
| | - Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No 14th, 3rd section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, 610041,
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Chen X, Yu B, Wang Z, Li Q, Dai C, Wei J. Progress of Periosteal Osteogenesis: The Prospect of In Vivo Bioreactor. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:1930-1939. [PMID: 35794789 PMCID: PMC9483074 DOI: 10.1111/os.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Repairing large segment bone defects is still a clinical challenge. Bone tissue prefabrication shows great translational potentials and has been gradually accepted clinically. Existing bone reconstruction strategies, including autologous periosteal graft, allogeneic periosteal transplantation, xenogeneic periosteal transplantation, and periosteal cell tissue engineering, are all clinically valuable treatments and have made significant progress in research. Herein, we reviewed the research progress of these techniques and briefly explained the relationship among in vivo microenvironment, mechanical force, and periosteum osteogenesis. Moreover, we also highlighted the importance of the critical role of periosteum in osteogenesis and explained current challenges and future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baofu Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanchang Dai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong Medicine University, Shanghai, China
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Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Imiquimod- (IMQ-) Induced Murine Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:6544514. [PMID: 35813890 PMCID: PMC9262573 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6544514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are isolated from the gingival propria with promising regenerative, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, several studies, including ours, have found that GMSCs have the therapeutic potentials of nerve regeneration and skin disorders in various types such as the cell itself, cell-free conditioned medium, or extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, the mechanobiological behavior of GMSCs is closely related to the culture conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the function of human GMSCs on imiquimod- (IMQ-) induced murine psoriasis-like skin inflammation in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions. Here, we isolated and characterized GMSCs in 2D and 3D culture conditions and found that GMSCs in 2D and 3D infusion can significantly ameliorate the IMQ-induced murine psoriasis-like skin inflammation, reduce the levels of Th1- and Th17-related cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22, and upregulate the percentage of spleen CD25+CD3+ T cells while downregulate the percentage of spleen IL-17+CD3+ T cells. In summary, our novel findings reveal that GMSCs in 2D and 3D infusion may possess therapeutic effects in the treatment of psoriasis.
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Prajwal GS, Jeyaraman N, Kanth V K, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Rajendran SNS, Rajendran RL, Khanna M, Oh EJ, Choi KY, Chung HY, Ahn BC, Gangadaran P. Lineage Differentiation Potential of Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteoarthritis Knee. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040386. [PMID: 35455383 PMCID: PMC9028477 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) have paved a way for treating musculoskeletal diseases in a minimally invasive manner. The regenerative medicine cocktail involves the usage of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), either uncultured or culture-expanded cells along with growth factors, cytokines, exosomes, and secretomes to provide a better regenerative milieu in degenerative diseases. The successful regeneration of cartilage depends on the selection of the appropriate source of MSCs, the quality, quantity, and frequency of MSCs to be injected, and the selection of the patient at an appropriate stage of the disease. However, confirmation on the most favorable source of MSCs remains uncertain to clinicians. The lack of knowledge in the current cellular treatment is uncertain in terms of how beneficial MSCs are in the long-term or short-term (resolution of pain) and improved quality of life. Whether MSCs treatments have any superiority, exists due to sources of MSCs utilized in their potential to objectively regenerate the cartilage at the target area. Many questions on source and condition remain unanswered. Hence, in this review, we discuss the lineage differentiation potentials of various sources of MSCs used in the management of knee osteoarthritis and emphasize the role of tissue engineering in cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gollahalli Shivashankar Prajwal
- Research Fellow, Fellowship in Orthopaedic Rheumatology (FEIORA), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (G.S.P.); (N.J.)
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mallika Spine Centre, Guntur 522001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Research Fellow, Fellowship in Orthopaedic Rheumatology (FEIORA), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (G.S.P.); (N.J.)
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Kanth V
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad 506104, Telangana, India;
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad 506104, Telangana, India;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sree Naga Sowndary Rajendran
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry 605102, Puducherry, India;
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Kang Young Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
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Peng L, Gautrot JE. Long term expansion profile of mesenchymal stromal cells at protein nanosheet-stabilised bioemulsions for next generation cell culture microcarriers. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100159. [PMID: 34841241 PMCID: PMC8605361 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous progress in the identification, isolation and expansion of stem cells has allowed their application in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, and their use as advanced in vitro models. As a result, stem cell manufacturing increasingly requires scale up, parallelisation and automation. However, solid substrates currently used for the culture of adherent cells are poorly adapted for such applications, owing to their difficult processing from cell products, relatively high costs and their typical reliance on difficult to recycle plastics and microplastics. In this work, we show that bioemulsions formed of microdroplets stabilised by protein nanosheets displaying strong interfacial mechanics are well-suited for the scale up of adherent stem cells such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). We demonstrate that, over multiple passages (up to passage 10), MSCs retain comparable phenotypes when cultured on such bioemulsions, solid microcarriers (Synthemax II) and classic 2D tissue culture polystyrene. Phenotyping (cell proliferation, morphometry, flow cytometry and differentiation assays) of MSCs cultured for multiple passages on these systems indicate that, although stemness is lost at late passages when cultured on these different substrates, stem cell phenotypes remained comparable between different culture conditions, at any given passage. Hence our study validates the use of bioemulsions for the long term expansion of adherent stem cells and paves the way to the design of novel 3D bioreactors based on microdroplet microcarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Peng
- Institute of Bioengineering and, UK.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Julien E Gautrot
- Institute of Bioengineering and, UK.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
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Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Gangadaran P, Ranjan R, Jeyaraman N, Prajwal GS, Mishra PC, Rajendran RL, Ahn BC. Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Potential of Periosteum-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Do They Hold the Key to the Future? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111133. [PMID: 34832915 PMCID: PMC8618036 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The periosteum, with its outer fibrous and inner cambium layer, lies in a dynamic environment with a niche of pluripotent stem cells for their reparative needs. The inner cambium layer is rich in mesenchymal progenitors, osteogenic progenitors, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts in a scant collagen matrix environment. Their role in union and remodeling of fracture is well known. However, the periosteum as a source of mesenchymal stem cells has not been explored in detail. Moreover, with the continuous expansion of techniques, newer insights have been acquired into the roles and regulation of these periosteal cells. From a therapeutic standpoint, the periosteum as a source of tissue engineering has gained much attraction. Apart from its role in bone repair, analysis of the bone-forming potential of periosteum-derived stem cells is lacking. Hence, this article elucidates the role of the periosteum as a potential source of mesenchymal stem cells along with their capacity for osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation for therapeutic application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India; (M.J.); (R.R.)
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- International Association of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), Greater Kailash, New Delhi 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- International Association of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), Greater Kailash, New Delhi 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624304, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (R.L.R.); (B.-C.A.); Tel.: +82-53-420-4914 (R.L.R.); +82-53-420-5583 (B.-C.A.)
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Rajni Ranjan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India; (M.J.); (R.R.)
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | | | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- International Association of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), Greater Kailash, New Delhi 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (R.L.R.); (B.-C.A.); Tel.: +82-53-420-4914 (R.L.R.); +82-53-420-5583 (B.-C.A.)
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (R.L.R.); (B.-C.A.); Tel.: +82-53-420-4914 (R.L.R.); +82-53-420-5583 (B.-C.A.)
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Lou Y, Wang H, Ye G, Li Y, Liu C, Yu M, Ying B. Periosteal Tissue Engineering: Current Developments and Perspectives. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100215. [PMID: 33938636 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Periosteum, a highly vascularized bilayer connective tissue membrane plays an indispensable role in the repair and regeneration of bone defects. It is involved in blood supply and delivery of progenitor cells and bioactive molecules in the defect area. However, sources of natural periosteum are limited, therefore, there is a need to develop tissue-engineered periosteum (TEP) mimicking the composition, structure, and function of natural periosteum. This review explores TEP construction strategies from the following perspectives: i) different materials for constructing TEP scaffolds; ii) mechanical properties and surface topography in TEP; iii) cell-based strategies for TEP construction; and iv) TEP combined with growth factors. In addition, current challenges and future perspectives for development of TEP are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Lou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, 395 Yan'an road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, and Ningbo First Hospital, 59 Liuting street, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, 395 Yan'an road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Guanchen Ye
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, 395 Yan'an road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Yongzheng Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, 395 Yan'an road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Chao Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, 395 Yan'an road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Mengfei Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, 395 Yan'an road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Binbin Ying
- Department of Stomatology, The Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, and Ningbo First Hospital, 59 Liuting street, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
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Abstract
This chapter describes the methods of isolation of mouse periosteal progenitor cells. There are three basic methods utilized. The bone grafting method was developed utilizing the fracture healing process to expand the progenitor populations. Bone capping methods requires enzymatic digestion and purification of cells from the native periosteum, while the Egression/Explant method requires the least manipulation with placement of cortical bone fragments with attached periosteum in a culture dish. Various cell surface antibodies have been employed over the years to characterize periosteum derived progenitor cells, but the most consistent minimal criteria was recommended by the International Society for Cellular Therapy. Confirmation of the multipotent status of these isolated cells can be achieved by differentiation into the three basic mesodermal lineages in vitro.
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Amler AK, Dinkelborg PH, Schlauch D, Spinnen J, Stich S, Lauster R, Sittinger M, Nahles S, Heiland M, Kloke L, Rendenbach C, Beck-Broichsitter B, Dehne T. Comparison of the Translational Potential of Human Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells from Different Bone Entities for Autologous 3D Bioprinted Bone Grafts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E796. [PMID: 33466904 PMCID: PMC7830021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of segmental bone defects by autologous bone grafting is still the standard of care but presents challenges including anatomical availability and potential donor site morbidity. The process of 3D bioprinting, the application of 3D printing for direct fabrication of living tissue, opens new possibilities for highly personalized tissue implants, making it an appealing alternative to autologous bone grafts. One of the most crucial hurdles for the clinical application of 3D bioprinting is the choice of a suitable cell source, which should be minimally invasive, with high osteogenic potential, with fast, easy expansion. In this study, mesenchymal progenitor cells were isolated from clinically relevant human bone biopsy sites (explant cultures from alveolar bone, iliac crest and fibula; bone marrow aspirates; and periosteal bone shaving from the mastoid) and 3D bioprinted using projection-based stereolithography. Printed constructs were cultivated for 28 days and analyzed regarding their osteogenic potential by assessing viability, mineralization, and gene expression. While viability levels of all cell sources were comparable over the course of the cultivation, cells obtained by periosteal bone shaving showed higher mineralization of the print matrix, with gene expression data suggesting advanced osteogenic differentiation. These results indicate that periosteum-derived cells represent a highly promising cell source for translational bioprinting of bone tissue given their superior osteogenic potential as well as their minimally invasive obtainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Klara Amler
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (A.-K.A.); (D.S.); (R.L.)
- Cellbricks GmbH, 13355 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Patrick H. Dinkelborg
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.N.); (M.H.); (C.R.); (B.B.-B.)
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.S.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Domenic Schlauch
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (A.-K.A.); (D.S.); (R.L.)
- Cellbricks GmbH, 13355 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Jacob Spinnen
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.S.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Stefan Stich
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.S.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Roland Lauster
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (A.-K.A.); (D.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Michael Sittinger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.S.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Susanne Nahles
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.N.); (M.H.); (C.R.); (B.B.-B.)
| | - Max Heiland
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.N.); (M.H.); (C.R.); (B.B.-B.)
| | | | - Carsten Rendenbach
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.N.); (M.H.); (C.R.); (B.B.-B.)
| | - Benedicta Beck-Broichsitter
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (S.N.); (M.H.); (C.R.); (B.B.-B.)
| | - Tilo Dehne
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Rheumatology, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.S.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (T.D.)
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12
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Maung WM, Nakata H, Miura M, Miyasaka M, Kim YK, Kasugai S, Kuroda S. Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Periosteal Cells In Vitro. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:63-73. [PMID: 32164486 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate bone volume is required for osseointegrated implants to restore lost teeth and oral function. Several studies have demonstrated potential advantage of stem cells in regenerative medicine using osteoblasts. The periosteum is composed of osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and osteoprogenitor cells. It may be an alternative source for bone tissue engineering because of easy isolation and rapid proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has proved successful in recoveries from nonunions, delayed unions, and fracture of the bone in both animal experiments and clinical treatments. The study was to investigate the influence of LIPUS on the osteogenic differentiation in murine periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) and the underlying mechanism of LIPUS. PDCs were treated daily with LIPUS for 20 min up to 21 days with 3 MHz frequency, 30 mW/cm2 intensity, and pulse repetition frequency of 1 kHz. The effects of LIPUS on cell proliferation and viability were investigated. Osteogenic differentiation was analyzed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive cell staining, ALP activity assay, mineralized nodule formation, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, as well as western blotting. The results indicated that ultrasound stimulation did not significantly affect the proliferation of PDCs. But LIPUS significantly increased ALP activity on day 7 and markedly promoted formation of mineralized nodules on day 21. mRNA expression of ALP and osteocalcin was significantly upregulated by stimulation with LIPUS. LIPUS enhanced gene expression of both bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and osterix only in the presence of osteogenic medium. LIPUS stimulation did not affect Smad 1 and Smad 5 protein expression, but significantly upregulated protein levels of BMP-2 and phosphor-Smad 1/5/9 in PDCs. Thus, LIPUS stimulation increased early osteogenic differentiation in a normal medium and further enhanced expression of BMP-2 and subsequent osterix expression through the canonical Smad-signaling pathway in an osteogenic medium, leading to mineral apposition. Therefore, LIPUS might have potential to promote osteogenesis in PDCs. Impact statement There are few studies on periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) because conventional methods of their isolation are relatively difficult to procure abundant cells for cell culture and the total cell numbers are limited. In this study, a modified isolation technique of murine calvarial PDCs using gelatin is described. PDCs were initiated to emerge as early as day 3 and showed increased proliferation, which can be used for further studies. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation increased early osteogenic differentiation in a normal medium and further enhanced expression of bone morphogenic protein-2 and subsequent osterix expression through the canonical Smad-signaling pathway in an osteogenic medium, leading to mineral apposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Myo Maung
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine Department, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Nakata
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine Department, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoi Miura
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine Department, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munemitsu Miyasaka
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine Department, Tokyo, Japan
| | - You-Kyoung Kim
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine Department, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Kasugai
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine Department, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kuroda
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine Department, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Sun Q, Nakata H, Yamamoto M, Kasugai S, Kuroda S. Comparison of gingiva-derived and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for osteogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7592-7601. [PMID: 31657140 PMCID: PMC6815943 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, bone marrow is considered as a prime source of mesenchymal stem cells; however, there are some drawbacks and limitations. Compared with other mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sources, gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are abundant and easy to obtain through minimally invasive cell isolation techniques. In this study, MSCs derived from gingiva and bone marrow were isolated and cultured from mice. GMSCs were characterized by osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, and flow cytometry. Compared with bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs), the proliferation capacity was judged by CCK-8 proliferation assay. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by ALP staining, ALP assay and Alizarin red staining. RT-qPCR was performed for ALP, OCN, OSX and Runx2. The results indicated that GMSCs showed higher proliferative capacity than BMSCs. GMSCs turned more positive for ALP and formed a more number of mineralized nodules than BMSCs after osteogenic induction. RT-qPCR revealed that the expression of ALP, OCN, OSX and Runx2 was significantly increased in the GMSCs compared with that in BMSCs. Moreover, it was found that the number of CD90-positive cells in GMSCs elevated more than that of BMSCs during osteogenic induction. Taking these results together, it was indicated that GMSCs might be a promising source in the future bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Sun
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Track, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Hidemi Nakata
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Track, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Maiko Yamamoto
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Track, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Shohei Kasugai
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Track, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Shinji Kuroda
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Track, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
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14
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Wasnik S, Lakhan R, Baylink DJ, Rundle CH, Xu Y, Zhang J, Qin X, Lau KHW, Carreon EE, Tang X. Cyclooxygenase 2 augments osteoblastic but suppresses chondrocytic differentiation of CD90 + skeletal stem cells in fracture sites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw2108. [PMID: 31392271 PMCID: PMC6669009 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw2108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is essential for normal tissue repair. Although COX-2 is known to enhance the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), how COX-2 regulates MSC differentiation into different tissue-specific progenitors to promote tissue repair remains unknown. Because it has been shown that COX-2 is critical for normal bone repair and local COX-2 overexpression in fracture sites accelerates fracture repair, this study aimed to determine the MSC subsets that are targeted by COX-2. We showed that CD90+ mouse skeletal stem cells (mSSCs; i.e., CD45-Tie2-AlphaV+ MSCs) were selectively recruited by macrophage/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 into fracture sites following local COX-2 overexpression. In addition, local COX-2 overexpression augmented osteoblast differentiation and suppressed chondrocyte differentiation in CD90+ mSSCs, which depended on canonical WNT signaling. CD90 depletion data demonstrated that local COX-2 overexpression targeted CD90+ mSSCs to accelerate fracture repair. In conclusion, CD90+ mSSCs are promising targets for the acceleration of bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Wasnik
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ram Lakhan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - David J. Baylink
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Charles H. Rundle
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Xuezhong Qin
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Kin-Hing William Lau
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Edmundo E. Carreon
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Corresponding author.
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15
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New Insights on Properties and Spatial Distributions of Skeletal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9026729. [PMID: 31281389 PMCID: PMC6589297 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9026729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) are postnatal self-renewing, multipotent, and skeletal lineage-committed progenitors that are capable of giving rise to cartilage, bone, and bone marrow stroma including marrow adipocytes and stromal cells in vitro and in an exogenous environment after transplantation in vivo. Identifying and isolating defined SSCs as well as illuminating their spatiotemporal properties contribute to our understating of skeletal biology and pathology. In this review, we revisit skeletal stem cells identified most recently and systematically discuss their origin and distributions.
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16
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Mesenchymal Progenitors Derived from Different Locations in Long Bones Display Diverse Characteristics. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5037578. [PMID: 31089329 PMCID: PMC6476036 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5037578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal progenitors within bone marrow have multiple differentiation potential and play an essential role in the maintenance of adult skeleton homeostasis. Mesenchymal progenitors located in bone regions other than the bone marrow also display bone-forming properties. However, owing to the differences in each distinct microenvironment, the mesenchymal characteristics of skeletal progenitor cells within different regions of long bones may show some differences. In order to clearly elucidate these differences, we performed a comparative study on mesenchymal progenitors from different regions of long bones. Here, we isolated mesenchymal progenitors from the periosteum, endosteum, and bone marrow of rat long bones. The three groups exhibited similar cellular morphologies and expressed the typical surface markers associated with mesenchymal stem cells. Interestingly, after cell proliferation assays and bidirectional differentiation analysis, periosteal mesenchymal progenitors showed a higher proliferative ability and adipogenic differentiation potential. In contrast, endosteal mesenchymal progenitors were more prone to osteogenic differentiation. Using in vitro osteoclast culture systems, conditioned media from different mesenchymal progenitor cultures were used to induce osteoclastic differentiation. Osteoclast formation was found to be significantly promoted by the secretion of RANKL and IL-6 by endosteal progenitors. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the importance of selecting the appropriate source of skeletal progenitors for applications in future skeleton regeneration therapies.
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17
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Liu S, Yang R, Yin N, Wang YL, Faiola F. Environmental and human relevant PFOS and PFOA doses alter human mesenchymal stem cell self-renewal, adipogenesis and osteogenesis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:564-572. [PMID: 30476818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PFOS and PFOA are two of the most abundant perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the environment. Previous studies have reported they have a long half-life (up to five years) once they enter into the human body. Moreover, they can potentially promote the adipogenic process by activating PPARγ. However, little is known about PFOS and PFOA chronic health impacts on humans. In this study, we employed primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and demonstrated that PFOS and PFOA exerted acute cytotoxicity and affected adipogenesis and osteogenesis at environmental and human relevant doses. In fact, PFOS and PFOA impaired the proper expression of CD90 (a surface antigen highly enriched in undifferentiated hMSCs) and promoted adipogenesis, presumably via their interaction with PPARγ. Moreover, PFOA partly disturbed osteogenesis. Thus, our findings not only validated the health risks of PFOS and PFOA, but also revealed new potential long-term PFOS/PFOA impacts on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan-Liang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Section of Molecular Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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18
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Saalbach A, Anderegg U. Thy‐1: more than a marker for mesenchymal stromal cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:6689-6696. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802224r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and AllergologyFaculty of MedicineLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and AllergologyFaculty of MedicineLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
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19
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Atrophic nonunion stromal cells form bone and recreate the bone marrow environment in vivo. OTA Int 2018; 1:e008. [PMID: 33937646 PMCID: PMC7953495 DOI: 10.1097/oi9.0000000000000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Nonunion is a challenging condition in orthopaedics as its etiology is not fully understood. Clinical interventions currently aim to stimulate both the biological and mechanical aspects of the bone healing process by using bone autografts and surgical fixation. However, recent observations showed that atrophic nonunion tissues contain putative osteoprogenitors, raising the hypothesis that its reactivation could be explored to achieve bone repair. Methods: Here we characterized atrophic nonunion stromal cells (NUSC) in vitro, using bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and osteoblasts as controls cells of the osteoblastic lineage, and evaluated its ability to form bone in vivo. Results: NUSC had proliferative and senescence rates comparable to BMSC and osteoblasts, and homogeneously expressed the osteolineage markers CD90 and CD73. Regarding CD105 and CD146 expression, NUSC were closely related to osteoblasts, both with an inferior percentage of CD105+/CD146+ cells as compared to BMSC. Despite this, NUSC differentiated along the osteogenic and adipogenic lineages in vitro; and when transplanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice, new bone formation and hematopoietic marrow were established. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that NUSC are osteogenically competent, supporting the hypothesis that their endogenous reactivation could be a strategy to stimulate the bone formation while reducing the amount of bone autograft requirements.
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20
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Hsiao HY, Yang CY, Liu JW, Brey EM, Cheng MH. Periosteal Osteogenic Capacity Depends on Tissue Source. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1733-1741. [PMID: 29901423 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periosteal osteogenic capacity can be exploited to enhance bone formation in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Despite this importance, there have been no studies examining the composition, structure, and osteogenic capacity of periostea from different bone sources. In this study, structure and osteogenic factor content were compared among periostea from rib, calvarial, femoral, and tibial bones, in which the native bones of these four regions were harvested and subjected to histological analysis. The osteogenic capacity of grafted periosteum was evaluated using an in vivo vascularized pedicle model of bone tissue engineering. Poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(l-lactic acid) (PEG-PLLA) copolymer hydrogels were seeded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and implanted with grafted periosteum harvested from either calvarial or tibial bone, which were representative of thin and thick native periostea, respectively. The cambium layer thickness of periostea from the femoral and tibial bones (36.9% ± 2.5% and 36.8% ± 2.6%) was greater than that from the calvarial and rib bones (26.8% ± 2.4% and 25.5% ± 1.9%). The osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase levels were comparatively higher in the femoral and tibial periostea than those in periostea harvested from the calvarial and rib bones. The construct implanted with grafted tibial periosteum resulted in greater neo-bone regeneration and higher osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase expression. This study is the first investigation of the osteogenic capacity of periostea from diverse sources. The results can be used to guide clinical strategies that exploit periostea for tissue engineering and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Hsiao
- 1 Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,2 Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yu Yang
- 1 Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,2 Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Liu
- 1 Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,2 Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Eric M Brey
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,4 Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ming-Huei Cheng
- 1 Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,2 Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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21
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Akiyama M. FBXW2 localizes with osteocalcin in bovine periosteum on culture dishes as visualized by double immunostaining. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00782. [PMID: 30229138 PMCID: PMC6141272 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocalcin (OC) is a well-known protein related to bone, however, the role of F-box and WD-40 domain-containing protein 2 (FBXW2) in bone remains unclear. In 2016, the presence of FBXW2 in bovine periosteum was reported. In this study, double immunostaining was used to investigate the relationship between OC and FBXW2. FBXW2 showed tubular structures, and OC showed a similar localization pattern as FBXW2. Double immunostaining findings suggested that FBXW2 tubes were coated with OC. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the interaction between OC and FBXW2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Akiyama
- Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuhahanozono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
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22
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Paine A, Woeller CF, Zhang H, de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez M, Huertas N, Xing L, Phipps RP, Ritchlin CT. Thy1 is a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation and modulates bone homeostasis in obese mice. FASEB J 2018; 32:3174-3183. [PMID: 29401595 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701379r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Thy1 (CD90), a glycosylated, glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein highly expressed by subsets of mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts, inhibits adipogenesis. The role of Thy1 on bone structure and function has been poorly studied and represents a major knowledge gap. Therefore, we analyzed the long bones of wild-type (WT) and Thy1 knockout (KO) mice with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histomorphometry to compare changes in bone architecture and overall bone structure. micro-CT analysis of long bones revealed Thy1 KO and WT mice fed a high-fat diet demonstrated bone structural parameters at 4 mo that differed significantly between WT and KO mice. A significant reduction in trabecular bone volume was noted in Thy1 KO mice. The most prominent differences were observed in trabecular bone volume ratio and trabecular bone connectivity density. Consistent with micro-CT measurements, histomorphometric analysis also showed decreased bone volume in the obese Thy1 KO mice compared to obese WT mice. In vitro assays revealed that osteogenic conditions increased Thy1 expression during OB differentiation and absence of Thy1 attenuated osteoblastogenesis. Together, these findings support the concept that Thy1 serves as a major mechanistic link to regulate bone formation and negatively regulate adipogenesis.-Paine, A., Woeller, C. F., Zhang, H., Garcia-Hernandez, M. L., Huertas, N., Xing, L., Phipps, R. P., Ritchlin, C. T. Thy1 is a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation and modulates bone homeostasis in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Paine
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Collynn F Woeller
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA; and.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Maria de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Nelson Huertas
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Lianping Xing
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA; and.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Christopher T Ritchlin
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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23
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Yasui T, Mabuchi Y, Morikawa S, Onizawa K, Akazawa C, Nakagawa T, Okano H, Matsuzaki Y. Isolation of dental pulp stem cells with high osteogenic potential. Inflamm Regen 2017; 37:8. [PMID: 29259707 PMCID: PMC5725894 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-017-0039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells/progenitor cells (DPSCs) can be easily obtained and can have excellent proliferative and mineralization potentials. Therefore, many studies have investigated the isolation and bone formation of DPSCs. In most previous reports, human DPSCs were traditionally isolated by exploiting their ability to adhere to plastic tissue culture dishes. DPSCs isolated by plastic adherence are frequently contaminated by other cells, which limits the ability to investigate their basic biology and regenerative properties. Additionally, the proliferative and osteogenic potentials vary depending on the isolated cells. It is very difficult to obtain cells of a sufficient quality to elicit the required effect upon transplantation. Considering clinical applications, stem cells used for regenerative medicine need to be purified in order to increase the efficiency of bone regeneration, and a stable supply of these cells must be generated. Here, we review the purification of DPSCs and studies of cranio-maxillofacial bone regeneration using these cells. Additionally, we introduce the prospective isolation of DPSCs using specific cell surface markers: low-affinity nerve growth factor and thymocyte antigen 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takazumi Yasui
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan.,Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, 12-1 Shinkawadori, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0013 Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Satoru Morikawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Onizawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, 12-1 Shinkawadori, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0013 Japan
| | - Chihiro Akazawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Taneaki Nakagawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan.,Department of Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501 Japan
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