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Min JJ, Kaplan B, Ellison-Barnes A, Galiatsatos P. Associations of Smoking Behaviors and Body Mass Index Among American Participants of a Clinical Tobacco Cessation Program: A Pilot Study. Tob Use Insights 2024; 17:1179173X241272359. [PMID: 39114345 PMCID: PMC11304487 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x241272359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco usage and obesity remain critical public health issues in the United States. This study examined the relationship between smoking behaviors, specifically-cigarettes per day (CPD) and motivations to smoke-and body mass index (BMI). We hypothesized that motivations related to food or stress, as well as a higher CPD, will be positively associated with BMI. Methodology We analyzed the electronic medical records of 204 patients from the Johns Hopkins' Tobacco Treatment and Cancer Screening Clinic (TTCSC) between January and April 2022. Demographic information, smoking behavior, CPD, and motivations to smoke were recorded. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed. Results We found no statistical significance between motivations to smoke, CPD, and BMI. However, the age at a patient's first visit to the TTCSC was negatively associated with BMI (B = -0.152, P < 0.001). Conclusions Smoking behaviors were not significantly related to BMI in our sample. It is advisable for clinicians working in tobacco cessation clinics to consider the BMI of individuals who present for cessation services, especially for younger individuals who smoke. They may be more likely to have an elevated BMI at presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Jane Min
- Johns Hopkins University, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bekir Kaplan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Smith CE, O'Neil PM. Prevalence of Obesity Among Electronic Cigarette and Tobacco Users in the United States: Results from the 2018 Wave of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1481-1487. [PMID: 38803011 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2354787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Tobacco use and obesity are leading causes of preventable death in the U.S. E-cigarette use is on the rise; however, obesity prevalence among e-cigarette users is unknown. The present study characterized obesity prevalence among e-cigarette and tobacco users in a national sample of U.S. adults. Method: Data were obtained from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Approximately 249,726 participants provided data on e-cigarette and tobacco use, height, weight, and demographics, and were categorized as follows: Ever vaped, ever smoked; Ever vaped, never smoked; Never vaped, ever smoked; Never vaped, never smoked. Results: Obesity prevalence (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) differed significantly across groups: 33.0% (ever vaped, ever smoked); 27.7% (ever vaped, never smoked); 33.1% (never vaped, ever smoked); 32.1% (never vaped, never smoked), p < .001. Groups also differed demographically. Logistic regressions adjusted for demographics revealed subjects in the never vaped, ever smoked group were significantly more likely to have obesity relative to those in the never vaped, never smoked group (p < 0.001) with vaping status having no main effect. Secondary analyses using never smokers as the reference found current smokers were less likely to have obesity and former smokers were more likely to have obesity, p < .001. Discussion: The present study is the first to characterize U.S. obesity prevalence among e-cigarette and tobacco users. Obesity prevalence was lower in the ever vaped, never smoked group; however, this finding appears to be attributable to demographic variables. As e-cigarette use becomes more common, future research should examine the development and maintenance of obesity among users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weight Management Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Patrick M O'Neil
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weight Management Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Larsen BA, Litt MD, Huedo-Medina TB, Duffy VB. Modeling Associations between Chemosensation, Liking for Fats and Sweets, Dietary Behaviors and Body Mass Index in Chronic Smokers. Nutrients 2019; 11:E271. [PMID: 30691090 PMCID: PMC6412709 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic smokers have a greater risk for altered chemosensation, unhealthy dietary patterns, and excessive adiposity. In an observational study of chronic smokers, we modeled relationships between chemosensation, fat/carbohydrate liking, smoking-associated dietary behaviors, and body mass index (BMI). Also tested in the model was liking for sweet electronic cigarette juice (e-juice). Smokers (n = 135, 37 ± 11 years) were measured for: Taste genetics (intensity of 6-n-propylthiouracil-PROP); taste (NaCl and quinine intensities) and olfactory (odor identification) function; liking for cherry e-juice; and weight/height to calculate BMI. Smokers survey-reported their food liking and use of smoking for appetite/weight control. Structural equation models tested direct and indirect relationships between chemosensation, fat/carbohydrate liking, dietary behaviors, and BMI. In good-fitting models, taste intensity was linked to BMI variation through fat/carbohydrate liking (greater PROP intensity→greater NaCl intensity→greater food liking→higher BMI). Olfactory function tended to predict sweet e-juice liking, which, in turn, partially mediated the food liking and BMI association. The path between smoking-associated dietary behaviors and BMI was direct and independent of chemosensation or liking. These findings indicate that taste associates with BMI in chronic smokers through liking of fats/carbohydrates. Future research should determine if vaping sweet e-juice could improve diet quality and adiposity for smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Larsen
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Mark D Litt
- Division of Behavioral Sciences & Community Health, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Tania B Huedo-Medina
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Claassen MA, Klein O, Bratanova B, Claes N, Corneille O. A systematic review of psychosocial explanations for the relationship between socioeconomic status and body mass index. Appetite 2019; 132:208-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Bush T, Lovejoy JC, Deprey M, Carpenter KM. The effect of tobacco cessation on weight gain, obesity, and diabetes risk. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1834-41. [PMID: 27569117 PMCID: PMC5004778 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most smokers gain weight after quitting, and some develop new onset obesity and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the current science investigating the consequences of tobacco cessation on body weight and diabetes, as well as intervention strategies that minimize or prevent weight gain while still allowing for successful tobacco cessation. METHODS Systematic reviews and relevant studies that were published since prior reviews were selected. RESULTS Smoking cessation can cause excessive weight gain in some individuals and can be associated with clinically significant outcomes such as diabetes or obesity onset. Interventions that combine smoking cessation and weight control can be effective for improving cessation and minimizing weight gain but need to be tested in specific populations. CONCLUSIONS Despite the health benefits of quitting tobacco, post-cessation weight gain and new onset obesity and diabetes are a significant concern. Promising interventions may need to be more widely applied to reduce the consequences of both obesity and tobacco use.
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Maternal marijuana use has independent effects on risk for spontaneous preterm birth but not other common late pregnancy complications. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 62:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Glonti K, Mackenbach JD, Ng J, Lakerveld J, Oppert JM, Bárdos H, McKee M, Rutter H. Psychosocial environment: definitions, measures and associations with weight status--a systematic review. Obes Rev 2016; 17 Suppl 1:81-95. [PMID: 26879116 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Socio-ecological models suggest that many elements of the social environment act as upstream determinants of obesity. This systematic review examined definitions, measures and strength of associations between the psychosocial environment and adult weight status. Studies were included if they were conducted on adults, the outcome was weight status, carried out in any developed country and investigated at least one psychosocial environmental construct. Six databases for primary studies were searched: EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. We restricted our search to studies published in English between January 1995 and February 2015. An adapted 'Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies' was used to evaluate risk of bias of included studies. Out of 14,784 screened records, 42 articles were assessed using full text. A total of 19 studies were included. The strongest associations with weight status were found for social capital and collective efficacy, although few studies found significant associations. There was heterogeneity in the definitions and metrics of psychosocial environmental constructs. There is limited evidence that greater social capital and collective efficacy are associated with healthier weight status. The research conducted to date has not robustly identified relations. We highlight challenges to undertaking research and establishing causality in this field and provide recommendations for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Glonti
- ECOHOST - The Centre for Health and Social Change, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - J D Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Ng
- Department of Service Planning and Care Integration, Sengkang Health, Singapore
| | - J Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J-M Oppert
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - H Bárdos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - M McKee
- ECOHOST - The Centre for Health and Social Change, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - H Rutter
- ECOHOST - The Centre for Health and Social Change, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Kumar P, Gareen IF, Lathan C, Sicks JD, Perez GK, Hyland KA, Park ER. Racial Differences in Tobacco Cessation and Treatment Usage After Lung Screening: An Examination of the National Lung Screening Trial. Oncologist 2015; 21:40-9. [PMID: 26712960 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black smokers have demonstrated greater lung cancer disease burden and poorer smoking cessation outcomes compared with whites. Lung cancer screening represents a unique opportunity to promote cessation among smokers; however, little is known about the differential impact of screening on smoking behaviors among black and white smokers. Using data from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), we examined the racial differences in smoking behaviors after screening. METHODS We examined racial differences in smoking behavior and cessation activity among 6,316 white and 497 black (median age, 60 and 59 years, respectively) NLST participants who were current smokers at screening using a follow-up survey on 24-hour and 7-day quit attempts, 6-month continuous abstinence, and the use of smoking cessation programs and aids at 12 months after screening. Using multiple regression analyses, we examined the predictors of 24-hour and 7-day quit attempts and 6-month continuous abstinence. RESULTS At 12 months after screening, blacks were more likely to report a 24-hour (52.7% vs. 41.2%, p < .0001) or 7-day (33.6% vs. 27.2%, p = .002) quit attempt. However, no significant racial differences were found in 6-month continuous abstinence (5.6% blacks vs. 7.2% whites). In multiple regression, black race was predictive of a higher likelihood of a 24-hour (odds ratio [OR], 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-2.0) and 7-day (OR, 1.5, 95% CI, 1.1-1.8) quit attempt; however, race was not associated with 6-month continuous abstinence. Only a positive screening result for lung cancer was significantly predictive of successful 6-month continuous abstinence (OR, 2.3, 95% CI, 1.8-2.9). CONCLUSION Although blacks were more likely than whites to have 24-hour and 7-day quit attempts, the rates of 6-month continuous abstinence did not differ. Targeted interventions are needed at the time of lung cancer screening to promote abstinence among all smokers. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Among smokers undergoing screening for lung cancer, blacks were more likely than whites to have 24-hour and 7-day quit attempts; however, these attempts did not translate to increased rates of 6-month continuous abstinence among black smokers. Targeted interventions are needed at the time of lung cancer screening to convert quit attempts to sustained smoking cessation among all smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kumar
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ilana F Gareen
- Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA and Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Christopher Lathan
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - JoRean D Sicks
- Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA and
| | - Giselle K Perez
- Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelly A Hyland
- Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA University of South Florida and Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Elyse R Park
- Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ma P, Businelle MS, Balis DS, Kendzor DE. The influence of perceived neighborhood disorder on smoking cessation among urban safety net hospital patients. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 156:157-161. [PMID: 26386824 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although research has shown that objective neighborhood characteristics are associated with health behaviors including smoking, little is known about the influence of perceived neighborhood characteristics on a smoking cessation attempt. METHODS Participants (N=139) enrolled in a Dallas safety-net hospital smoking cessation program were followed from 1 week pre-quit through 4 weeks post-quit. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of perceived neighborhood order and disorder on the likelihood of achieving biochemically verified point prevalence and continuous smoking abstinence 4 weeks following a scheduled quit attempt. Analyses were adjusted for demographic characteristics, cigarettes per day, intervention group, and pharmacological treatment. RESULTS Participants were primarily non-White (72.7%) and female (56.8%) with a mean age of 52.5 (SD=3.7) years. Most reported an annual household income of ≤$25,000 (86.3%). Logistic regression analyses indicated that greater neighborhood physical (p=.048) and social order (p=.039) were associated with a greater likelihood of achieving point prevalence smoking abstinence at 4 weeks post-quit. Greater perceived physical (p=.035) and social disorder (p=.039) and total neighborhood disorder (p=.014), were associated with a reduced likelihood of achieving point prevalence abstinence. Social disorder (p=.040) was associated with a reduced likelihood of achieving continuous abstinence at 4 weeks post-quit, while social order (p=.020) was associated with an increased likelihood of continuous abstinence. CONCLUSIONS Perceptions of neighborhood order and disorder were associated with the likelihood of smoking cessation among socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers making a quit attempt. Findings highlight the need to address perceptions of the neighborhood environment among disadvantaged smokers seeking treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ma
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - Michael S Businelle
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - David S Balis
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of General Internal Medicine, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Darla E Kendzor
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, Dallas, TX, United States
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