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Tamim H, Beyhum A, Alzaghoul A, Kesibi D, Alghalyini B, Yunis K. Prevalence and characteristics of smoking cigarette and narghile among Syrian refugee parents in Ontario, Canada. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003176. [PMID: 38701042 PMCID: PMC11068169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the prevalence and associated sociodemographic, migration, and health-related factors of smoking cigarettes and narghile among Syrian refugee parents resettled in Ontario, Canada since 2015. A total of 540 Syrian refugee parents, with at least one child less than 18 years of age, were interviewed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the independent relationship between each of the associated sociodemographic, migration, and health-related factors and smoking cigarettes and narghile. The overall prevalence of smoking was 43% (cigarette = 22%, narghile = 25.6%). The average number of cigarettes smoked per day was 15.4 (SD = 10.1). With regard to smoking narghile, 18.2% of the sample smoked daily, while 35.5% and 52.9% smoked at least once weekly and occasionally, respectively. Results from multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that more fathers were at increased odds of smoking cigarettes than mothers OR (95% CI) = 6.6 (3.7-11.9), while no such difference was found for narghile smokers OR (95% CI) = 1.5 (0.9-2.6). Results showed that smoking cigarettes was associated with lower education levels and being Muslim, whereas smoking narghile was associated with younger age and alcohol use. Poor perceived mental health was significant/approached significance for both types of smoking. Greater understanding of smoking patterns of resettled refugees is needed to direct healthcare providers to offer targeted interventions for those who are most at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Tamim
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aliya Beyhum
- Department of Archeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aseel Alzaghoul
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Durmalouk Kesibi
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Khalid Yunis
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Erinoso O, Oyapero A, Osoba M, Amure M, Osibogun O, Wright K, Osibogun A. Association between anxiety, alcohol, poly-tobacco use and waterpipe smoking: A cross-sectional study in Lagos, Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 2021; 28:117-125. [PMID: 34494598 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_530_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Waterpipe smoking (WPS) has been reported to have a wide range of damaging health effects on pulmonary and cardiovascular systems. Studies suggest that waterpipe tobacco smoking is associated with reduced harm perceptions, mental health problems and the use of psychoactive substances. We investigate the patterns of use and the association of WPS with anxiety, poly-tobacco and alcohol use in Lagos, Nigeria. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study design was used to assess the data from 818 adolescents and adults in Lagos State, Nigeria. An online questionnaire obtained demographic information, waterpipe, e-cigarette, alcohol and other tobacco product use from respondents. Anxiety was assessed using the validated Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-point scale. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with waterpipe ever-use. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The mean (standard deviation) age of respondents was 23.43 (±3.96), over half were female (55.2%) and a majority had a college diploma or more (88.59%). Among study participants, 18.58% reported waterpipe ever-use. Among ever waterpipe users, 17.33% reported current use (past 30-days), with a majority having smoked waterpipe in a bar or pub. Alcohol use (P < 0.001), e-cigarette ever-use (P: 0.010) and poly-tobacco ever-use (P: 0.030) were significantly associated with higher odds of waterpipe use in the multivariate regression model. Further, there was a lower likelihood of waterpipe ever-use in the bivariate regression model among respondents with mild and moderate to severe anxiety levels than those with normal anxiety levels (P: 0.030); however, this association was no longer significant in the adjusted model. Conclusions Our findings suggest a relatively high prevalence of WPS in Lagos, Nigeria. Concurrent alcohol consumption, e-cigarette and poly-tobacco use are associated with WPS, and most waterpipe smokers have normal anxiety levels. The Nigerian Government should consider surveillance measures for WPS and a more comprehensive smoke-free policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufemi Erinoso
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Afolabi Oyapero
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Moyosoore Osoba
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Mary Amure
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Olatokunbo Osibogun
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kikelomo Wright
- Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Akin Osibogun
- Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Leavens ELS, Morgan TL, Brett EI, Patzkowsky K, Son J, Molina N, Eissenberg T, Shihadeh A, Leffingwell TR, Wagener TL. Concurrent Alcohol Use and Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: Smoking Topography, Toxicant Exposure, and Abuse Liability. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:280-287. [PMID: 30820567 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Relative to non-waterpipe (WP) smokers, WP smokers are more than twice as likely to use alcohol and frequently consume alcohol before or during smoking sessions. Co-use of alcohol and WP may result in greater toxicant exposure compared to WP smoking alone. To date, no study systematically has investigated the impact of acute alcohol intoxication on WP smoking topography, exposure to tobacco-related toxicants, or abuse liability. METHODS Dyads of current WP smokers and drinkers (N = 42; age = 21-32 years) completed two in-laboratory ad libitum smoking sessions (≤2 hours) following 12-hour nicotine abstinence in a double-blind, randomized crossover design in which they consumed a placebo versus active drink (sustained breath alcohol concentration = .08). Exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) and plasma nicotine concentration were assessed. Questionnaires assessed smoking experience and smoking urge. Smoking topography was measured continuously throughout each smoking session. RESULTS The alcohol session was associated with increased inhaled volume, flow rate, and WP session duration compared to placebo. Compared to placebo, participants reported a more positive overall smoking experience following the alcohol session and greater smoking urges pre- and post-smoking session. Although both sessions resulted in significant increases in eCO and plasma nicotine, no significant differences emerged in eCO or nicotine exposure between the active and placebo sessions. CONCLUSIONS Co-use of alcohol and WP may contribute to the maintenance of WP smoking through enhanced smoking experiences, increased urge to smoke, and significant exposure to addictive nicotine. Regulations may be necessary to limit the sale of alcohol in WP smoking lounges and reduce exposure to secondhand smoke. IMPLICATIONS The findings suggest co-use of alcohol and WP tobacco likely maintain WP use and dependence by enhancing the smoking experience and increasing urges to smoke. These findings have implications for regulations aimed at limiting co-use of alcohol and WP tobacco in WP lounges and limiting exposure to secondhand smoke. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03096860.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L S Leavens
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK.,Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - Taylor L Morgan
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK.,Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Emma I Brett
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | | | - Jessica Son
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Neil Molina
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Thomas Eissenberg
- Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Alan Shihadeh
- Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Theodore L Wagener
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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Lee JJ, Yeung KCY, Wang MP, Thorne S. Arabian nights in Hong Kong: Chinese young adults' experience of waterpipe smoking. Tob Control 2020; 30:587-590. [PMID: 32820030 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe smoking (WPS) has increased among young adults who may be oblivious to its harmful effects. We explored Chinese young adults' experiences of using waterpipes. METHODS Semi-structured interviews with 49 Chinese young adults aged between 18 to 30 years who had smoked waterpipes in the past 30 days were undertaken between May and October 2019. We analysed transcripts using interpretive description that includes an inductive analytical approach and constant comparison strategy. RESULTS Six themes on the WPS experience emerged: fostering social connections on weekend nights; bars as a natural setting for waterpipe smoking; providing pleasure; securing social status among young females; growing acceptance and a lack of education; lack of regulation on waterpipe smoking. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence regarding Chinese young adults' WPS use. Policy measures to de-normalise false perceptions of WPS are urgently needed to deter use among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Jae Lee
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Man Ping Wang
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sally Thorne
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Khalil C, Chahine JB, Chahla B, Hobeika T, Khnayzer RS. Characterization and cytotoxicity assessment of nargile smoke using dynamic exposure. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 31:343-356. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2019.1683104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Khalil
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Institute of Environmental Studies, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Joe Braham Chahine
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Brenda Chahla
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Hobeika
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Rony S. Khnayzer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
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Silveira ML, Hilmi NN, Conway KP. Reasons for Young Adult Waterpipe Use in Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Am J Prev Med 2018; 55:650-655. [PMID: 30219210 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Waterpipe use is common among U.S. young adults (aged 18-24 years), with estimates considerably higher than other age groups. Although studies have examined attitudes and beliefs associated with waterpipe use, no study has examined reasons for use in a nationally representative sample. METHODS Using latent class analyses, this study examined subgroups based on self-reported reasons for use of past 30-day young adult (aged 18-24 years) waterpipe users (n=1,198) from Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Data analyses were conducted in 2017. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, substance use, and internalizing and externalizing problems. RESULTS A three-class model was identified: Class 1 (socializing and flavors, 57%), Class 2 (many reasons [flavors, socializing, less harmful than cigarettes, and affordability], 20%), and Class 3 (socializing, 23%). Class 3 was considered the referent group. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks were less likely to belong to Class 1, whereas Hispanics were more likely to belong to Class 2. Compared with less than high school education, greater than high school education was associated with membership in Class 1; however, high school graduation was associated with membership in Class 2. Past-year alcohol users compared with non-users were less likely to belong to Class 2. Past 30-day poly-tobacco users compared with non-users were more likely to belong to Class 2. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed distinct classes of waterpipe users based on self-reported reasons for use. Findings inform targeted policies for waterpipe tobacco control as part of public health efforts to mitigate harms associated with tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marushka L Silveira
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Kelly Government Solutions, Rockville, Maryland.
| | - Nahla N Hilmi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Kelly Government Solutions, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kevin P Conway
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Soule EK, Ramôa C, Eissenberg T, Cobb CO. Differences in puff topography, toxicant exposure, and subjective response between waterpipe tobacco smoking men and women. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2018; 26:440-447. [PMID: 30102062 PMCID: PMC6162145 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) exposes users to toxicants in much greater amounts than a cigarette. Little is known about how gender affects WTS toxicant exposure and subjective response. Data from three WTS clinical laboratory studies were combined for analysis. Participants (N = 99; 38 women) completed a 45-min WTS session where they smoked a waterpipe ad libitum. Puff topography was measured throughout, and plasma nicotine concentration, expired air carbon monoxide (CO), and subjective responses were measured pre- and post-WTS. There was a gender effect for total puff volume with men inhaling a greater smoke volume, on average (M = 59.9 L, SD = 40.7), compared with women (M = 38.8 L, SD = 27.8; p < .01). Men had greater post-WTS mean plasma nicotine concentrations (M = 10.0 ng/ml, SD = 7.1) compared with women (M = 6.9 ng/ml, SD = 5.2; p < .05). Post-WTS expired air CO was not associated with gender (men M = 27.6 ppm, SD = 18.9; women M = 22.7 ppm, SD = 17.0, ns). Relative to men, women had higher post-WTS scores for subjective measures of "nauseous," "dizzy," "nervous," "headache," and "heart pounding." Men and women are exposed to toxicants during WTS, and men may achieve higher nicotine exposure than women, likely resulting from differences in smoke inhaled. However, similar post-WTS expired air CO between men and women and higher ratings of negative subjective responses among women may indicate that factors beyond puff topography may impact toxicant exposure and subjective response to WTS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Policy Implications and Research Recommendations: A Review of Hookah Use Among US College Students. J Community Health 2018; 43:1012-1018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10900-018-0502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Parks KA, Levonyan-Radloff K, Przybyla SM, Darrow S, Muraven M, Hequembourg A. University student perceptions about the motives for and consequences of nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD). JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2017; 65:457-465. [PMID: 28617176 PMCID: PMC7874525 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2017.1341895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to increase qualitative understanding of student motives for and consequences associated with nonmedical use of prescription drugs. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-one students participated in eight focus groups between April and November 2013. METHODS Students described prescription drugs commonly used for nonmedical reasons, as well as the motives for and consequences associated with their use. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. RESULTS Students reported stimulants as the most commonly used prescription drug for nonmedical reasons, least expensive, and easiest to obtain on campus, followed by benzodiazepines. Opioids were less commonly used, more expensive, and difficult to acquire. Motives and consequences varied by prescription drug class. CONCLUSIONS Our qualitative findings extend previous research by suggesting differences in students' perceived motives for using and consequences associated with the different classes of prescription drugs. These findings provide implications for the development of preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. Parks
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Sarahmona M. Przybyla
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University of Buffalo, Amherst, New York, USA
| | - Sherri Darrow
- Wellness Education, University at Buffalo, Amherst, New York, USA
| | - Mark Muraven
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Amy Hequembourg
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Cohn AM, Ehlke SJ, Cobb CO, Soule EK. Hookah tobacco smoking in a large urban sample of adult cigarette smokers: Links with alcohol and poly-tobacco use. Addict Behav 2017; 68:1-5. [PMID: 28086138 PMCID: PMC5293175 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hookah tobacco smoking (HTS) has been increasing, particularly among young adults and has similar health effects compared to cigarette smoking. The link between HTS and poly-tobacco use is well documented, but fewer show an association between HTS and alcohol use. It is essential to identify factors that increase the risk for or addictiveness and consequences of HTS, given its growing prevalence. This study examined whether the association between HTS and poly-tobacco use differed as a function of age and alcohol consumption within in a sample of 1223 adult cigarette smokers. Approximately 20% of participants reported HTS. Compared to non-users, hookah users were more likely to be male, highly educated, and to report drug and alcohol use, binge drinking, and poly-tobacco use but were less likely to be heavy smokers (≥10 cigarettes per day). Regression analyses predicting number of tobacco products used (excluding cigarettes and HTS) indicated a three-way interaction of HTS, frequency of alcohol use, and age such that the association between HTS and number of tobacco products used was strongest for younger respondents who consumed alcohol more frequently. As observed in previous studies, alcohol is an important risk factor in the relationship between HTS and poly-tobacco use, particularly among younger cigarette smokers. The links between alcohol, HTS, and poly-tobacco use should be considered when developing HTS education and prevention materials directed toward younger cigarette smokers. Findings provide information relevant to FDA's interest in the addiction potential of HTS and its link to poly-tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Cohn
- Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street NW, 4th Floor, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Sarah J Ehlke
- Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street NW, 4th Floor, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Caroline O Cobb
- Department of Psychology and Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Eric K Soule
- Department of Psychology and Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Leavens EL, Brett EI, Frank S, Shaikh RA, Leffingwell TR, Croff JM, Wagener TL. Association between breath alcohol concentration and waterpipe lounge patrons' carbon monoxide exposure: A field investigation. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 170:152-155. [PMID: 27918950 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Concurrent alcohol use and waterpipe (WP) smoking is common among young adults. WP smokers are more than twice as likely to use alcohol as non-users and frequently consume alcohol immediately before and during a WP smoking session. It is unclear what impact alcohol has on WP smoking patterns and resultant exposure to tobacco-related toxicants. The current research aimed to understand the association between alcohol consumption and WP smoke exposure among WP lounge patrons. METHODS Seventy-one lounge patrons (66.2% male; Mage=27.03, SD=5.32) completed pre- and post-WP session self-report measures and biomarkers of smoking (expired carbon monoxide; eCO) and alcohol consumption (breath alcohol concentration; BrAC) upon entering and exiting the WP lounge. RESULTS After controlling for number of bowls and charcoals smoked, greater consumption of alcohol was associated with greater smoke exposure among WP lounge patrons (p<0.05), such that a 0.1 unit increase in BrAC was associated with an eCO increase of 19.44ppm. This relationship was mediated by time spent in the WP lounge. CONCLUSIONS Concurrent alcohol use resulted in greater eCO, likley due to participants spending a greater amount of time in the WP lounge and experiencing longer sustained exposure to secondhand smoke. These findings illustrate a need for further research on the impact of alcohol consumption on WP smoking to assess the potential need for regulation of these products in WP lounges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L Leavens
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States; Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Emma I Brett
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Summer Frank
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Raees A Shaikh
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Thad R Leffingwell
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Julie M Croff
- School of Applied Health and Educational Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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Bashirian S, Barati M, Mohammadi Y, Mostafaei H. Factors Associated with Hookah Use among Male High School Students: The Role of Demographic Characteristics and Hookah User and Non-User Prototypes. J Res Health Sci 2016; 16:217-223. [PMID: 28087855 PMCID: PMC7189923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As students' hookah use has become a widespread problem in the developing countries, it is time to understand the cognitive determinants of students' decisions to do so. This study aimed to investigate the roles of psychological and demographic factors associated with hookah use among male high school students. METHODS This descriptive-analytical study was performed among 601 high school male students, recruited through multistage sampling method in the Kermanshah City, west of Iran in 2016. The data-gathering tool consisted of a self-administered questionnaire with questions about hookah use behavior and demographic, behavioral and psychological variables. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18 software using chi-square and logistic regression. RESULTS 36.1% of the participants reported ever hookah use and 17.1% mentioned using hookah in the past month. Pleasure (28.1%) and sensation seeking (22.5%) were common reasons of hookah use. In comparison to non-users, hookah users evaluated a typical hookah user as more clever, less immature, more popular, more attractive, more self-confident, more independent, and less selfish (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results revealed the importance of psychological factors when examining students' hookah use status. Thus, design and implementation of interventions might be effective in prevention of hookah use among students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Bashirian
- a Social Determinants of Health Research Center and Department of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Majid Barati
- b Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center and Department of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Younes Mohammadi
- c Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Hossein Mostafaei
- d Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
,Correspondence Hossein Mostafaei (MSc)) Tel: +98 81 38380090
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