1
|
Li W, Peng Y, Liu J, Wu T, Qiang X, Zhao Q, He D. Discovery and synthesis of novel glyrrhizin-analogs containing furanoylpiperazine and the activity against myocardial injury in sepsis. Bioorg Chem 2024; 153:107846. [PMID: 39341082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The signaling pathway mediated by high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) plays a key role in myocardial injury during sepsis. Glyrrhizin (GL) is a natural product that inhibits HMGB1 biological activities through forming GL-HMGB1 complex; the research shows its aglycone (GA) is the main pharmacophore binding to HMGB1, while the glycosyl mainly altering its pharmacokinetic properties and enhances the stability of the complex. GL is often metabolized to GA in the gastrointestinal tract, which has a lower efficacy in the treatment of HMGB1-mediated diseases. To obtain the GL analogs with higher activity and better pharmacokinetic properties, 24 GL analogs were synthesized by simplification the glycosyl of GL. Among all the compounds, compound 11 with furanoylpiperazine was screened. The pharmacokinetics experiments showed that compound 11 is converted to 11a in vivo, and 11 serves as its prodrug. Compound 11a displayed a lower cytotoxicity to RAW264.7 cells and three types of cardiomyocyte lines, with IC50 > 800 µM. In the anti-inflammatory assay, 11a not only strongly inhibited NO production (IC50 5.73 µM), but also down-regulated the levels of HMGB1, IL-1β and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner; in the anti-oxidative stress assay, compound 11a reduced the level of ROS and increased the MMP in H9c2 cells. More importantly, in the myocardial injury model of septic mice, compound 11a not only alleviated the symptom of myocardial injury by reducing inflammatory infiltration and oxidative stress, but also improved the myocardial blood supply by shrinking the inner diameter of the left ventricle and increasing the ejection fraction (EF) more dramatically (155.8 %); meanwhile, compound 11a adjusted myocardial enzymes in serum of septic mice. In addition, in molecular docking experiments, compound 11a showed stronger HMGB1 binding ability than GL. In summary, compound 11 is a prodrug, which can be converted to 11a in vivo. And compound 11a has a good activity against septic myocardial injury, as well as improving the myocardial blood supply function. This suggests compound 11 is a potential drug candidate for the treatment of septic myocardial injury and deserves further investigate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yijie Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianrong Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tianbo Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin Qiang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Dian He
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu H, Fu C, Li M, Zong W. Non-negligible inhibition effect of microcystin-LR biodegradation products target to protein phosphatase 2A. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123491. [PMID: 38346637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Though biodegradation is an important regulation pathway for microcystins (MCs) pollution, more consideration needs to be given to the potential risk associated with related biodegradation products (MC-BDPs). In this work, typical MCLR-BDPs were prepared and their toxicity was evaluated by protein phosphatases (PPs) inhibition assay. Results showed the initial ring opening of MCLR played a crucial role in detoxification. However, partial MCLR-BDPs still retained the critical structures and thus exhibited certain toxicity (2.8-43.5% of MCLR). With the aid of molecular simulation, the mechanism for the potential toxicity of BDPs targeting PP2A was elucidated. The initial ring opening made the loss of hydrogen bond Leu2←Arg89, and pi-H bond Adda5-His191, which was responsible for the significant reduction in the toxicity of MCLR-BDP. However, the key hydrogen bonds MeAsp3←Arg89, Glu6←Arg89, Adda5←Asn117, Adda5←His118, Arg4→Pro213, Arg4←Arg214, Ala1←Arg268, and Mdha7←Arg268, metal bond Glu6-Mn12+, and ionic bonds Glu6-Arg89, and Glu6-Mn22+ were preserved in varying degrees. Above preserved interactions maintained the interactions between PP2A and Mn2+ ions (reducing the exposure of Mn2+ ions). Above preserved interactions also hindered the combination of phosphate groups to Arg214 residual and thus exhibited potential toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqun Yu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.
| | - Chunyu Fu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.
| | - Mengchen Li
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Raj R, Shen P, Yu B, Zhang J. A patent review on HMGB1 inhibitors for the treatment of liver diseases. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:127-140. [PMID: 38557201 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2338105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HMGB1 is a non-histone chromatin protein released or secreted in response to tissue damage or infection. Extracellular HMGB1, as a crucial immunomodulatory factor, binds with several different receptors to innate inflammatory responses that aggravate acute and chronic liver diseases. The increased levels of HMGB1 have been reported in various liver diseases, highlighting that it represents a potential biomarker and druggable target for therapeutic development. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the current knowledge on the structure, function, and interacting receptors of HMGB1 and its significance in multiple liver diseases. The latest patented and preclinical studies of HMGB1 inhibitors (antibodies, peptides, and small molecules) for liver diseases are summarized by using the keywords 'HMGB1,' 'HMGB1 antagonist, HMGB1-inhibitor,' 'liver disease' in Web of Science, Google Scholar, Google Patents, and PubMed databases in the year from 2017 to 2023. EXPERT OPINIONS In recent years, extensive research on HMGB1-dependent inflammatory signaling has discovered potent inhibitors of HMGB1 to reduce the severity of liver injury. Despite significant progress in the development of HMGB1 antagonists, few of them are approved for clinical treatment of liver-related diseases. Developing safe and effective specific inhibitors for different HMGB1 isoforms and their interaction with receptors is the focus of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Raj
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Shen
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou L, Yuan X, Hu Y, Zhu S, Li J, Wang C, Jing M, Liu L, Xu Z, Zhao Z, Zhao J. Blockade of HMGB1 Reduces Inflammation and Pruritus in Atopic Dermatitis by Inhibiting Skin Fibroblasts Activation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2023; 185:170-181. [PMID: 37963429 PMCID: PMC10836909 DOI: 10.1159/000534568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by relapsed eczema and serious pruritus. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a nuclear-binding protein and serves as an alarmin to promote inflammatory responses. METHODS In this study, we established an AD mouse model by topical use of MC903 on ears and then used a specific HMGB1-binding peptide cIY8 and a HMGB1 inhibitor of glycyrrhizin to investigate HMGB1 on fibroblast activation in the pathogenesis of AD-like symptoms. RESULTS Topical use of cIY8 and oral use of glycyrrhizin significantly improved the MC903-induced AD-like symptoms and pathological changes of the ears and scratching behavior in an AD mouse model; cIY8 treatment inhibited the higher mRNAs of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-31 in the ears. In human fibroblasts, HMGB1 caused nuclear translocation of NF-kB, and the nuclear translocation could be inhibited by pre-treatment of HMGB1 with cIY8, suggesting that NF-κB signaling pathway participates in the HMGB1-induced inflammation of AD in fibroblasts and that cIY8 effectively impedes the function of HMGB1. Glycyrrhizin inhibited the Ca2+ signaling induced by ionomycin in mouse primary fibroblasts. The fibroblast-related proteins of α-SMA, Hsp47, and vimentin and the pruritus-related proteins of IL-33 and periostin were increased in the ears of the AD mouse model, the ratio of EdU incorporation became higher in mouse fibroblasts treated with MC903, and the higher proliferation and inflammatory responses of the fibroblasts could be reversed by glycyrrhizin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Fibroblast activation by HMGB1 is one of the critical processes in the development of inflammation and pruritus in the AD mouse model. The specific HMGB1-binding peptide cIY8 and the HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizin inactivate skin fibroblasts to alleviate the inflammation and pruritus in the AD mouse model. Peptide cIY8 may be topically used to treat AD patients in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxuan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Disease, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Disease, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyan Hu
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- AGECODE R&D Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, China
- Harvest Biotech (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, China
| | - Junxiang Li
- AGECODE R&D Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, China
- Harvest Biotech (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Jing
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Disease, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Shunyi Maternal and Children’s Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zuotao Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Disease, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Disease, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang H, Yu T, An N, Sun Y, Xu P, Han P, Zhao Y, Wang L, Ni X, Li Y, Li G, Liu Y, Peng J, Hou M, Hou Y. Enhancing regulatory T-cell function via inhibition of high mobility group box 1 protein signaling in immune thrombocytopenia. Haematologica 2023; 108:843-858. [PMID: 36263841 PMCID: PMC9973480 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is the most common acquired autoimmune bleeding disorder. Abnormally increased levels of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) protein associate with thrombocytopenia and therapeutic outcome in ITP. Previous studies proposed that a natural inhibitor of HMGB1, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA), could be used for its anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects, although its ability to correct immune balance in ITP is unclear. In this study, we showed that plasma HMGB1 correlated negatively with platelet counts in ITP patients, and confirmed that 18β-GA stimulated the production of regulatory T cells (Treg), restored the balance of CD4+ T-cell subsets and enhanced the suppressive function of Treg through blocking the effect on HMGB1 in patients with ITP. HMGB1 short hairpin RNA interference masked the effect of 18β-GA in Treg of ITP patients. Furthermore, we found that 18β-GA alleviated thrombocytopenia in mice with ITP. Briefly, anti-CD61 immune-sensitized splenocytes were transferred into severe combined immunodeficient mice to induce a murine model of severe ITP. The proportion of circulating Treg increased significantly, while the level of plasma HMGB1 and serum antiplatelet antibodies decreased significantly in ITP mice along 18β-GA treatment. In addition, 18β-GA reduced phagocytic activity of macrophages towards platelets both in ITP patients and ITP mice. These results indicate that 18β-GA has the potential to restore immune balance in ITP via inhibition of HMGB1 signaling. In short, this study reveals the role of HMGB1 in ITP, which may serve as a potential target for thrombocytopenia therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012
| | - Tianshu Yu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012
| | - Ning An
- Laboratory of Cancer Signaling, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA) Stem Cells, University of Liège, CHU, Sart-Tilman, Liège, 4000 Belgium
| | - Yunqi Sun
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012
| | - Panpan Han
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012
| | - Yajing Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012
| | - Lingjun Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012
| | - Xiaofei Ni
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012
| | - Yubin Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012
| | - Guosheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan.
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aly SH, Elissawy AM, Salah D, Alfuhaid NA, Zyaan OH, Mohamed HI, Singab ANB, Farag SM. Phytochemical Investigation of Three Cystoseira Species and Their Larvicidal Activity Supported with In Silico Studies. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020117. [PMID: 36827158 PMCID: PMC9967941 DOI: 10.3390/md21020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Culex pipiens mosquitoes are transmitters of many viruses and are associated with the transmission of many diseases, such as filariasis and avian malaria, that have a high rate of mortality. The current study draws attention to the larvicidal efficacy of three methanolic algal extracts, Cystoseira myrica, C. trinodis, and C. tamariscifolia, against the third larval instar of Cx. pipiens. The UPLC-ESI-MS analysis of three methanol fractions of algal samples led to the tentative characterization of twelve compounds with different percentages among the three samples belonging to phenolics and terpenoids. Probit analysis was used to calculate the lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90). The highest level of toxicity was attained after treatment with C. myrica extract using a lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of 105.06 ppm, followed by C. trinodis (135.08 ppm), and the lowest level of toxicity was achieved by C. tamariscifolia (138.71 ppm) after 24 h. The elevation of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and reduction of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) enzymes confirm the larvicidal activity of the three algal extracts. When compared to untreated larvae, all evaluated extracts revealed a significant reduction in protein, lipid, and carbohydrate contents, verifying their larvicidal effectiveness. To further support the observed activity, an in silico study for the identified compounds was carried out on the two tested enzymes. Results showed that the identified compounds and the tested enzymes had excellent binding affinities for each other. Overall, the current work suggests that the three algal extractions are a prospective source for the development of innovative, environmentally friendly larvicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaza H. Aly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo 11829, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.H.A.); (A.N.B.S.)
| | - Ahmed M. Elissawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Centre of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Dina Salah
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Nawal Abdulaziz Alfuhaid
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola H. Zyaan
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Hany I. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B. Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Centre of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.H.A.); (A.N.B.S.)
| | - Shaimaa M. Farag
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Biabangard A, Asoodeh A, Jaafari MR, Mashreghi M. Study of FA12 peptide-modified PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) as an effective ligand to target Muc1 in mice bearing C26 colon carcinoma: in silico, in vitro, and in vivo study. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1710-1724. [PMID: 36373415 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2147505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study tried to achieve active targeting of Muc1 in cancer; the surface of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD/Doxil®) was decorated with FA12 peptide. METHODS According to docking results, FA12 was selected for this study, among four different peptides. MD simulation was also conducted as an additional confirmation of the binding interaction between FA12 and Muc1. Liposomal formulations were prepared; 1HNMR and HPLC techniques were used to verify peptide conjugation to DSPE-PEG2000-COOH. Afterward, DSPE-PEG2000-FA12 was post-inserted into the PLD at 50, 100, 200, and 400 peptides per liposome. The size, zeta potential, release profile, cytotoxicity (IC50), and cell uptake (using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry) were evaluated. In vivo biodistribution and antitumor activities were studied on mice bearing C-26 colon carcinoma. RESULTS Cell uptake and cytotoxicity results revealed that PLD-100 (targeted PLD with 100 FA12 per liposome) could significantly enhance cellular binding. Furthermore, PLD-100 demonstrated higher antitumor efficacy, indicating more remarkable survival compared to PLD and other targeted PLDs. PLD-100 exhibited higher doxorubicin tumor accumulation compared to PLD. CONCLUSIONS FA12 peptide is a promising targeting ligand for PLD to treat cancers with a high level of Muc1 expression and merits further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Biabangard
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Asoodeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mashreghi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahmed A, Aziz M, Ejaz SA, Channar PA, Saeed A, Zargar S, Wani TA, Hamad A, Abbas Q, Raza H, Kim SJ. Design, Synthesis, Kinetic Analysis and Pharmacophore-Directed Discovery of 3-Ethylaniline Hybrid Imino-Thiazolidinone as Potential Inhibitor of Carbonic Anhydrase II: An Emerging Biological Target for Treatment of Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1696. [PMID: 36421710 PMCID: PMC9687900 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CA), having Zn2+ metal atoms, are responsible for the catalysis of CO2 and water to bicarbonate and protons. Any abnormality in the functioning of these enzymes may lead to morbidities such as glaucoma and different types of cancers including brain, renal and pancreatic carcinomas. To cope with the lack of presence of a promising therapeutic agent against these cancers, searching for an efficient and suitable carbonic anhydrase inhibitor is crucial. In the current study, ten novel 3-ethylaniline hybrid imino-thiazolidinones were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, NMR (1H, 13C), and mass spectrometry. Synthesis was carried out by diethyl but-2-ynedioate cyclization and different acyl thiourea substitutions of 3-ethyl amine. The CA (II) enzyme inhibition profile for all synthesized derivatives was determined. It was observed that compound 6e demonstrated highest inhibition of CA-II with an IC50 value of 1.545 ± 0.016 µM. In order to explore the pharmacophoric properties and develop structure activity relationship, in silico screening was performed. In silico investigations included density functional theory (DFT) studies, pharmacophore-guided model development, molecular docking, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, and prediction of drug likeness scores. DFT investigations provided insight into the electronic characteristics of compounds, while molecular docking determined the binding orientation of derivatives within the CA-II active site. Compounds 6a, 6e, and 6g had a reactive profile and generated stable protein-ligand interactions with respective docking scores of -6.12, -6.99, and -6.76 kcal/mol. MD simulations were used to evaluate the stability of the top-ranked complex. In addition, pharmacophore-guided modeling demonstrated that compound 6e produced the best pharmacophore model (HHAAARR) compared to standard brinzolamide. In vitro and in silico investigations anticipated that compound 6e would be an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase II with high efficacy. Compound 6e may serve as a potential lead for future synthesis that can be investigated at the molecular level, and additional in vivo studies are strongly encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atteeque Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Pervaiz Ali Channar
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Information Science and Humanities, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asad Hamad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Grand Asian University Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir 32038, Bahrain
| | - Hussain Raza
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Ja Kim
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Glycyrrhizin through liquorice intake modulates ACE2 and HMGB1 levels-A pilot study in healthy individuals with implications for COVID-19 and ARDS. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275181. [PMID: 36251689 PMCID: PMC9576069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycyrrhizin, an active component of liquorice root extract, exhibits antiviral and immunomodulatory properties by direct inhibition of the pro-inflammatory alarmin HMGB1 (High-mobility group box 1). Objective The aim of this study was to explore the role of liquorice intake on the viral entry receptor ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) and the immunoregulatory HMGB1 in healthy individuals and to explore HMGB1 expression in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or non-COVID-19 in ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome patients). Material and methods This study enrolled 43 individuals, including hospitalised patients with i) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 (n = 7) or other underlying causes (n = 12), ii) mild COVID-19 (n = 4) and iii) healthy volunteers (n = 20). Healthy individuals took 50 g of liquorice (containing 3% liquorice root extract) daily for 7 days, while blood samples were collected at baseline and on day 3 and 7. Changes in ACE2 and HMGB1 levels were determined by Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Additionally, HMGB1 levels were measured in hospitalised COVID-19 patients with mild disease or COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and compared with a non-COVID-19-ARDS group. Results Liquorice intake significantly reduced after 7 days both cellular membranous ACE2 expression (-51% compared to baseline levels, p = 0.008) and plasma HMGB1 levels (-17% compared to baseline levels, p<0.001) in healthy individuals. Half of the individuals had a reduction in ACE2 levels of at least 30%. HMGB1 levels in patients with mild COVID-19 and ARDS patients with and without COVID-19 were significantly higher compared with those of healthy individuals (+317%, p = 0.002), but they were not different between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS. Conclusions Liquorice intake modulates ACE2 and HMGB1 levels in healthy individuals. HMGB1 is enhanced in mild COVID-19 and in ARDS with and without COVID-19, warranting evaluation of HMGB1 as a potential treatment target and glycyrrhizin, which is an active component of liquorice root extract, as a potential treatment in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 respiratory disease.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ashraf GM, Rehan M, Alsayed AO, Somvanshi P, Haque S. Drug repurposing against galectin-3 using simulation-based studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36184598 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2120538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2022]
Abstract
The protein galectin, which binds to carbohydrates and is involved in a number of therapeutic processes including cell proliferation, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, etc., has been discovered as a potential therapeutic target. Galectin-3 is a stable biomarker that exhibits both increased and decreased expression in a variety of illnesses and infections, regardless of sex, age, or body mass index. The goal of the current study is to apply bioinformatics techniques to examine the possibility of cardiovascular medications to inhibit Galectin-3-related biological activities. Unsupervised clustering techniques, molecular docking, and guided molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were used to create a computational pipeline that was used to screen potential chemical compounds from a library of chemical compounds with related molecular fingerprints. Utilizing input factors such as gene expression, mode of action, and chemical descriptors, clustering enables prioritization of medicinal molecules. Twenty-four compounds were screened and repurposed against Galectin-3 utilizing molecular docking as part of the cluster-facilitated virtual screening technique. The polar interactions that Arg144, Glu184, Arg162, His158, and Asn174 have with Bufalin, Cymarin, and Ouabalin have the highest binding affinities, according to docking studies. Studies using MD simulations confirm the tested compounds' ability to inhibit Galectin-3. Galactin-3 targeted experimental and in vivo animal model-based validation studies using Bufalin, Cymarin, and Ouabalin are also necessary.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Rehan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhuseen O Alsayed
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pallavi Somvanshi
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences (SC&IS), Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Special Centre of Systems Medicine (SCSM), Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shen P, Zhou J, Jiang X, Ge H, Wang W, Yu B, Zhang J. Microbial-Catalyzed Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation for 3,4- seco-Triterpenoids as Potential HMGB1 Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18745-18751. [PMID: 35694476 PMCID: PMC9178611 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenoids are considered to be the potential HMGB1 inhibitors, but due to the limited number of hydrogen bond donors and the number of rotatable bonds in the rigid skeletons, their further chemical biology research with this target was restricted. To improve these profiles, microbial-catalyzed Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of the primary ursane and oleanane-type triterpenoids including uvaol (1), erythrodiol (2), oleanolic acid (3), and ursolic acid (4) was performed by Streptomyces olivaceus CICC 23628. As a result, ten new and one known A-ring cleaved metabolites were obtained and the possible biogenetic pathways were also discussed based on the HPLC-MS analysis. Furthermore, the direct interactions between compounds 1d, 2b, and HMGB1 were observed by the biolayer interferometry technique. Molecular docking revealed that the newly introduced vicinal diol at C-4, C-24, and the hydroxyl group at C-21 of compound 1d are crucial for binding with HMGB1. The cellular assay showed that co-treatment of 1d could significantly block HMGB1-activated nitric oxide release with an IC50 value of 9.37 μM on RAW 264.7 cells. Altogether, our research provides some insights into 3,4-seco-triterpenes as potential anti-inflammatory candidates for the discovery of novel HMGB1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Shen
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xuewa Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Haixia Ge
- School
of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Nanjing
Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing 210033, P. R. China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China
Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Aziz M, Ejaz SA, Tamam N, Siddique F, Riaz N, Qais FA, Chtita S, Iqbal J. Identification of potent inhibitors of NEK7 protein using a comprehensive computational approach. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6404. [PMID: 35436996 PMCID: PMC9016071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NIMA related Kinases (NEK7) plays an important role in spindle assembly and mitotic division of the cell. Over expression of NEK7 leads to the progression of different cancers and associated malignancies. It is becoming the next wave of targets for the development of selective and potent anti-cancerous agents. The current study is the first comprehensive computational approach to identify potent inhibitors of NEK7 protein. For this purpose, previously identified anti-inflammatory compound i.e., Phenylcarbamoylpiperidine-1,2,4-triazole amide derivatives by our own group were selected for their anti-cancer potential via detailed Computational studies. Initially, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out using Gaussian 09 software which provided information about the compounds' stability and reactivity. Furthermore, Autodock suite and Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software's were used to dock the ligand database into the active pocket of the NEK7 protein. Both software performances were compared in terms of sampling power and scoring power. During the analysis, Autodock results were found to be more reproducible, implying that this software outperforms the MOE. The majority of the compounds, including M7, and M12 showed excellent binding energies and formed stable protein-ligand complexes with docking scores of - 29.66 kJ/mol and - 31.38 kJ/mol, respectively. The results were validated by molecular dynamics simulation studies where the stability and conformational transformation of the best protein-ligand complex were justified on the basis of RMSD and RMSF trajectory analysis. The drug likeness properties and toxicity profile of all compounds were determined by ADMETlab 2.0. Furthermore, the anticancer potential of the potent compounds were confirmed by cell viability (MTT) assay. This study suggested that selected compounds can be further investigated at molecular level and evaluated for cancer treatment and associated malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Nissren Tamam
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan Siddique
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174, Norrköping, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacy, Royal Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, Baghdad-Ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Faizan Abul Qais
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Samir Chtita
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Sidi Othmane, BP7955, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbotabad, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Human rhinovirus promotes STING trafficking to replication organelles to promote viral replication. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1406. [PMID: 35301296 PMCID: PMC8931115 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (HRV), like coronavirus (HCoV), are positive-strand RNA viruses that cause both upper and lower respiratory tract illness, with their replication facilitated by concentrating RNA-synthesizing machinery in intracellular compartments made of modified host membranes, referred to as replication organelles (ROs). Here we report a non-canonical, essential function for stimulator of interferon genes (STING) during HRV infections. While the canonical function of STING is to detect cytosolic DNA and activate inflammatory responses, HRV infection triggers the release of STIM1-bound STING in the ER by lowering Ca2+, thereby allowing STING to interact with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) and traffic to ROs to facilitates viral replication and transmission via autophagy. Our results thus hint a critical function of STING in HRV viral replication and transmission, with possible implications for other RO-mediated RNA viruses. Evidence exists that the typically antiviral signaling mediator STING is, counterintuitively, needed for optimal human rhinovirus infection. Here the authors confirm this finding and show how human rhinovirus can reduce stored Ca2+ levels to drive this effect.
Collapse
|
14
|
Miao J, Zhong J, Lan J, Ye S, Ye P, Li S, You A, Chen X, Liu X, Li H. Paeonol attenuates inflammation by confining HMGB1 to the nucleus. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2885-2899. [PMID: 33534963 PMCID: PMC7957162 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a biological process that exists in a large number of diseases. If the magnitude or duration of inflammation becomes uncontrolled, inflammation may cause pathological damage to the host. HMGB1 and NF-κB have been shown to play pivotal roles in inflammation-related diseases. New drugs aimed at inhibiting HMGB1 expression have become a key research focus. In the present study, we showed that paeonol (Pae), the main active component of Paeonia suffruticosa, decreases the expression of inflammatory cytokines and inhibits the translocation of HMGB1 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). By constructing HMGB1-overexpressing (HMGB1+ ) and HMGB1-mutant (HMGB1m ) RAW264.7 cells, we found that the nuclear HMGB1 could induce an LPS-tolerant state in RAW264.7 cells and that paeonol had no influence on the expression of inflammatory cytokines in HMGB1m RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the anti-inflammatory property of paeonol was lost in HMGB1 conditional knockout mice, indicating that HMGB1 is a target of paeonol and a mediator through which paeonol exerts its anti-inflammatory function. Additionally, we also found that HMGB1 and P50 competitively bound with P65, thus inactivating the NF-κB pathway. Our research confirmed the anti-inflammation property of paeonol and suggests that inhibiting the translocation of HMGB1 could be a new strategy for treating inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jifei Miao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School Basic Medical Sciences, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School Basic Medical Sciences, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Lan
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sen Ye
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School Basic Medical Sciences, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School Basic Medical Sciences, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyan Li
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School Basic Medical Sciences, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aijia You
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianjie Chen
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School Basic Medical Sciences, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School Basic Medical Sciences, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School Basic Medical Sciences, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bailly C, Vergoten G. Interaction of fumigaclavine C with High Mobility Group Box 1 protein (HMGB1) and its DNA complex: A computational approach. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 89:107409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
16
|
Hameduh T, Haddad Y, Adam V, Heger Z. Homology modeling in the time of collective and artificial intelligence. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:3494-3506. [PMID: 33304450 PMCID: PMC7695898 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Homology modeling is a method for building protein 3D structures using protein primary sequence and utilizing prior knowledge gained from structural similarities with other proteins. The homology modeling process is done in sequential steps where sequence/structure alignment is optimized, then a backbone is built and later, side-chains are added. Once the low-homology loops are modeled, the whole 3D structure is optimized and validated. In the past three decades, a few collective and collaborative initiatives allowed for continuous progress in both homology and ab initio modeling. Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction (CASP) is a worldwide community experiment that has historically recorded the progress in this field. Folding@Home and Rosetta@Home are examples of crowd-sourcing initiatives where the community is sharing computational resources, whereas RosettaCommons is an example of an initiative where a community is sharing a codebase for the development of computational algorithms. Foldit is another initiative where participants compete with each other in a protein folding video game to predict 3D structure. In the past few years, contact maps deep machine learning was introduced to the 3D structure prediction process, adding more information and increasing the accuracy of models significantly. In this review, we will take the reader in a journey of exploration from the beginnings to the most recent turnabouts, which have revolutionized the field of homology modeling. Moreover, we discuss the new trends emerging in this rapidly growing field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Hameduh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yazan Haddad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Y, Yu Z, Yuan H, Chen H, Xie N, Wang Z, Sun Q, Zhang W. Structure-based design of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives as potent anti-sepsis agents targeting high-mobility group box-1. Bioorg Chem 2020; 106:104461. [PMID: 33223202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Novel Glycyrrhetinic Acid (GA) derivatives with fused heterocycles on A ring were structure-based designed and synthesized. Their potential anti-inflammatory effects were investigated by a classical LPS stimulated macrophage model. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to verify the binding of GA analogues with HMGB1. A preliminary structure-activity relationship was summarized and an analogue GA-60 with ortho-methoxybenzyl pyrozole showed stronger anti-inflammatory effect and higher affinity for HMGB1 with a Kd value of 12.5 μM. In addition, this compound exhibited excellent inhibitory functions on NO (96%), TNF-α (94%), and IL-6 (100%), by interfering with phosphorylation of p38, ERK, JNK MAPKs, as well as that of NF-κB p65 and IKKα/β. Moreover, GA-60 extended the survival of either the classic CLP-induced or LPS-induced sepsis mouse models. Molecular modeling predictions further supported these findings, clearly indicating that inhibiting HMGB1 release, using fused heterocyclic GA derivatives, is a promising strategy for treatment of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zongmin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Medical Service Training Center, No. 965 Hospital, Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Jilin 132011, China
| | - Hu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Ning Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qingyan Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Glycyrrhizin: An alternative drug for the treatment of COVID-19 infection and the associated respiratory syndrome? Pharmacol Ther 2020; 214:107618. [PMID: 32592716 PMCID: PMC7311916 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Safe and efficient drugs to combat the current COVID-19 pandemic are urgently needed. In this context, we have analyzed the anti-coronavirus potential of the natural product glycyrrhizic acid (GLR), a drug used to treat liver diseases (including viral hepatitis) and specific cutaneous inflammation (such as atopic dermatitis) in some countries. The properties of GLR and its primary active metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid are presented and discussed. GLR has shown activities against different viruses, including SARS-associated Human and animal coronaviruses. GLR is a non-hemolytic saponin and a potent immuno-active anti-inflammatory agent which displays both cytoplasmic and membrane effects. At the membrane level, GLR induces cholesterol-dependent disorganization of lipid rafts which are important for the entry of coronavirus into cells. At the intracellular and circulating levels, GLR can trap the high mobility group box 1 protein and thus blocks the alarmin functions of HMGB1. We used molecular docking to characterize further and discuss both the cholesterol- and HMG box-binding functions of GLR. The membrane and cytoplasmic effects of GLR, coupled with its long-established medical use as a relatively safe drug, make GLR a good candidate to be tested against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, alone and in combination with other drugs. The rational supporting combinations with (hydroxy)chloroquine and tenofovir (two drugs active against SARS-CoV-2) is also discussed. Based on this analysis, we conclude that GLR should be further considered and rapidly evaluated for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhu X, Cong J, Lin Z, Sun J, Yang B, Li A. Inhibition of HMGB1 Overcomes Resistance to Radiation and Chemotherapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4189-4199. [PMID: 32523355 PMCID: PMC7236242 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s239243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) on chemoresistance and radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and Methods HMGB1-knockout HK1 cell lines were generated using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system. Western blotting was used to evaluate the protein expression level of HMGB1. DNA repair efficiency of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) was monitored through NHEJ and HR reporter assay. Cellular protein–protein interaction between HMGB1 and NHEJ apparatus was determined by immunoprecipitation. Direct protein–protein interaction was examined by affinity capture assay with purified protein. Protein-DNA binding was evaluated by chromatin fractionation assay. Cell viability assay was employed to measure cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) or cisplatin. Results HMGB1-knockout NPC cells showed significant decrease in NHEJ efficiency. HMGB1 immunoprecipitated NHEJ key factors in NPC cells and promoted DNA-binding activity of Ku70. Mutational analysis revealed that serine 155 of Ku70 was required for its direct interaction with HMGB1. HMGB1 was highly expressed in radio- and chemoresistant NPC cells. Deficiency of HMGB1 sensitized wild-type (WT) and resistant NPC cells to IR and cisplatin. Glycyrrhizin, which is HMGB1 inhibitor, impaired DNA binding of HMGB1 and exhibited excellent synergy with IR and cisplatin. Conclusion HMGB1 promotes NHEJ via interaction with Ku70 resulting in resistance to IR and cisplatin. Inhibition of HMGB1 by glycyrrhizin is a potential therapeutic regimen to treat cisplatin and IR resistant NPC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianan Cong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changchun City Central Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ben Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Aipeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Paudel YN, Angelopoulou E, Semple B, Piperi C, Othman I, Shaikh MF. Potential Neuroprotective Effect of the HMGB1 Inhibitor Glycyrrhizin in Neurological Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:485-500. [PMID: 31972087 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid), a bioactive triterpenoid saponin constituent of Glycyrrhiza glabra, is a traditional medicine possessing a plethora of pharmacological anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiaging properties. It is a known pharmacological inhibitor of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a ubiquitous protein with proinflammatory cytokine-like activity. HMGB1 has been implicated in an array of inflammatory diseases when released extracellularly, mainly by activating intracellular signaling upon binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). HMGB1 neutralization strategies have demonstrated disease-modifying outcomes in several preclinical models of neurological disorders. Herein, we reveal the potential neuroprotective effects of glycyrrhizin against several neurological disorders. Emerging findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of glycyrrhizin against several HMGB1-mediated pathological conditions including traumatic brain injury, neuroinflammation and associated conditions, epileptic seizures, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Glycyrrhizin's effects in neurological disorders are mainly attributed to the attenuation of neuronal damage by inhibiting HMGB1 expression and translocation as well as by downregulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines. A large number of preclinical findings supports the notion that glycyrrhizin might be a promising therapeutic alternative to overcome the shortcomings of the mainstream therapeutic strategies against neurological disorders, mainly by halting disease progression. However, future research is warranted for a deeper exploration of the precise underlying molecular mechanism as well as for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 46150, Malaysia
| | - Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Bridgette Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 46150, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 46150, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khan A, Wani MY, Al-Bogami AS, Subramanian K, Kandhavelu J, Ruff P, Penny C. Anticancer Activity of Novel Gabexate Mesilate Mimetics in Colorectal Cancer Cells. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; 7 York Road, Parktown Johannesburg 2193 South Africa
| | - Mohmmad Younus Wani
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327; Jeddah 21589 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saad Al-Bogami
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327; Jeddah 21589 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumar Subramanian
- Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; 7 York Road, Parktown Johannesburg 2193 South Africa
| | - Jeyalakshmi Kandhavelu
- Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; 7 York Road, Parktown Johannesburg 2193 South Africa
| | - Paul Ruff
- Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; 7 York Road, Parktown Johannesburg 2193 South Africa
| | - Clement Penny
- Department of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of the Witwatersrand; 7 York Road, Parktown Johannesburg 2193 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao XL, Lin Y, Jiang J, Tang Z, Yang S, Lu L, Liang Y, Liu X, Tan J, Hu XG, Niu Q, Fu WJ, Yan ZX, Guo DY, Ping YF, Wang JM, Zhang X, Kung HF, Bian XW, Yao XH. High-mobility group box 1 released by autophagic cancer-associated fibroblasts maintains the stemness of luminal breast cancer cells. J Pathol 2017; 243:376-389. [PMID: 28802057 DOI: 10.1002/path.4958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells/cancer-initiating cells (CICs) and their microenvironmental niche play a vital role in malignant tumour recurrence and metastasis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major components of the niche of breast cancer-initiating cells (BCICs), and their interactions may profoundly affect breast cancer progression. Autophagy has been considered to be a critical process for CIC maintenance, but whether it is involved in the cross-talk between CAFs and CICs to affect tumourigenesis and pathological significance has not been determined. In this study, we found that the presence of CAFs containing high levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3II), a marker of autophagosomes, was associated with more aggressive luminal human breast cancer. CAFs in human luminal breast cancer tissues with high autophagy activity enriched BCICs with increased tumourigenicity. Mechanistically, autophagic CAFs released high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which activated its receptor, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, expressed by luminal breast cancer cells, to enhance their stemness and tumourigenicity. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry of 180 luminal breast cancers revealed that high LC3II/TLR4 levels predicted an increased relapse rate and a poorer prognosis. Our findings demonstrate that autophagic CAFs play a critical role in promoting the progression of luminal breast cancer through an HMGB1-TLR4 axis, and that both autophagy in CAFs and TLR4 on breast cancer cells constitute potential therapeutic targets. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Long Zhao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yong Lin
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Breast Disease Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhuo Tang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yan Liang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.,Breast Disease Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xue Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jiao Tan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xu-Gang Hu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qin Niu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wen-Juan Fu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ze-Xuan Yan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - De-Yu Guo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yi-Fang Ping
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hsiang-Fu Kung
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Paeonol Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced HMGB1 Translocation from the Nucleus to the Cytoplasm in RAW264.7 Cells. Inflammation 2017; 39:1177-87. [PMID: 27106477 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Transport of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a highly conserved non-histone DNA-binding protein, from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Secretion of HMGB1 appears to be a key lethal factor in sepsis, so it is considered to be a therapeutic target. Previous studies have suggested that paeonol (2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone), an active compound of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, exerts anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of paeonol on HMGB1 is unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of paeonol on the expression, location, and secretion of HMGB1 in LPS-induced murine RAW264.7 cells. ELISA revealed HMGB1 supernatant concentrations of 615 ± 30 ng/mL in the LPS group and 600 ± 45, 560 ± 42, and 452 ± 38 ng/mL in cells treated with 0.2, 0.6, or 1 mM paeonol, respectively, suggesting that paeonol inhibits HMGB1 secretion induced by LPS. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting revealed that paeonol decreased cytoplasmic HMGB1 and increased nuclear HMGB1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation microarrays suggested that HMGB1 relocation to the nucleus induced by paeonol might depress the action of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription, chemokine, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. Paeonol was also found to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-α promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that paeonol has the potential to be developed as a novel HMGB1-targeting therapeutic drug for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
25
|
Novel Mechanisms of Herbal Therapies for Inhibiting HMGB1 Secretion or Action. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:456305. [PMID: 25821489 PMCID: PMC4363608 DOI: 10.1155/2015/456305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein and is constitutively expressed in virtually all types of cells. In response to microbial infections, HMGB1 is secreted from activated immune cells to orchestrate rigorous inflammatory responses. Here we review the distinct mechanisms by which several herbal components inhibit HMGB1 action or secretion, such as by modulating inflammasome activation, autophagic degradation, or endocytic uptake. In light of the reciprocal interactions between these cellular processes, it is possible to develop more effective combinational herbal therapies for the clinical management of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
26
|
Bao GQ, He L, Lee D, D'Angelo J, Wang HC. An ongoing search for potential targets and therapies for lethal sepsis. Mil Med Res 2015; 2:20. [PMID: 26257917 PMCID: PMC4529709 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-015-0047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, which refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection, represents the leading cause of death in intensive care units. The pathogenesis of sepsis remains poorly understood although it is attributable to dysregulated immune responses orchestrated by innate immune cells that are sequentially released early (e.g., tumor necrosis factor(TNF), interleukin-1(IL-1), and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)) and late (e.g., high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)) pro-inflammatory mediators. As a ubiquitous nuclear protein, HMGB1 can be passively released from pathologically damaged cells, thereby converging infection and injury on commonly dysregulated inflammatory responses. We review evidence that supports extracellular HMGB1 as a late mediator of inflammatory diseases and discuss the potential of several Chinese herbal components as HMGB1-targeting therapies. We propose that it is important to develop strategies for specifically attenuating injury-elicited inflammatory responses without compromising the infection-mediated innate immunity for the clinical management of sepsis and other inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Bao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA.,Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The 4th Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032 China
| | - Li He
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - David Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - John D'Angelo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| | - Hai-Chao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jiang R, Cai J, Zhu Z, Chen D, Wang J, Wang Q, Teng Y, Huang Y, Tao M, Xia A, Xue M, Zhou S, Chen AF. Hypoxic Trophoblast HMGB1 Induces Endothelial Cell Hyperpermeability via the TRL-4/Caveolin-1 Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5000-12. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
28
|
GOTO YUKI, NIWA YUKI, SUZUKI TAKEHIRO, DOHMAE NAOSHI, UMEZAWA KAZUO, SIMIZU SIRO. C-mannosylation of human hyaluronidase 1: Possible roles for secretion and enzymatic activity. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:344-50. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
29
|
HMGB1: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2013; 2013:157103. [PMID: 23766911 PMCID: PMC3666291 DOI: 10.1155/2013/157103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was originally discovered as a chromatin-binding protein several decades ago. It is now increasingly evident that HMGB1 plays a major role in several disease conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, arthritis, sepsis, and cancer. It is intriguing how deregulation of HMGB1 can result in a myriad of disease conditions. Interestingly, HMGB1 is involved in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis during cancer progression. Furthermore, HMGB1 has been demonstrated to exert intracellular and extracellular functions, activating key oncogenic signaling pathways. This paper focuses on the role of HMGB1 in prostate cancer development and highlights the potential of HMGB1 to serve as a key target for prostate cancer treatment.
Collapse
|