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Sebothoma B. An Analysis of Risk Factors for Hearing Function in Adults Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Gauteng, South Africa. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:1637-1644. [PMID: 38566657 PMCID: PMC10982266 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore risk factors for hearing loss or affecting hearing function in adults living with HIV. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed. A non-probability purposive sampling method was used to select and recruit 132 participants aged 18 years and above from an HIV clinic within the Academic Hospital in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Participants' hearing were tested using, video otoscopy, tympanometry, pure tones, and speech audiometry. Of the 22.73% prevalence of hearing loss in the sample, the multiple logistic regression, controlling for other variables, indicated that age (AOR) = 1.049; 95%CI: 1.0005 to 1.0978) (p-value = 0.048) and extended use of antiretroviral therapy (AOR) = 1.0073; 95%CI: 0.9312 to 1.0896)) (p-value = 0.856) were strongly associated with the development of hearing loss. Although the odds of male participants to have hearing loss was 2.3572 (95%CI: 0.9394 to 5.915) compared to females, this association was marginal (p-value = 0.068). Current findings provide evidence for the risk factors for hearing loss in adults living with HIV. Given that an extended use of ART and a higher number of CD4 are strongly associated with hearing loss, these findings raise important implications for a focused monitoring for this population in order to identify early signs of hearing loss and implement timeous intervention to reduce the potential impact of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Sebothoma
- Department of Speech pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
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Niemczak CE, Ealer C, Fellows A, Magohe A, Gui J, Rieke C, Nicol T, Massawe ER, Kraus N, Buckey JC. Peripheral Auditory Function in Tanzanian Children Living With HIV With Clinically Normal Hearing. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e233061. [PMID: 36920392 PMCID: PMC10018326 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.3061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Despite normal audiometry, adults living with HIV have lower distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) compared with HIV-negative controls, but the degree of these differences in children living with HIV is unknown. If subclinical auditory deficits are present, results could affect developmental outcomes in children living with HIV (CLWH). OBJECTIVE To compare DPOAEs and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) between 2 age- and sex-matched groups of younger children with normal audiometry, 1 infected with HIV and the other uninfected. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cohort study in an infectious disease center in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Participants included 340 Tanzanian children aged 3 to 9 years with clinically normal hearing, type A tympanograms bilaterally, and air-conduction thresholds of 20 dB HL or less from 0.5 to 8 kHz. Participants in the cohort repeated testing approximately every 6 months (approximately 2.2 sessions per participant) for a total of 744 total observations. Data were analyzed from March 2020 to January 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES DPOAE amplitudes from 1.5 to 8 kHz using an f2 to f1 ratio of 1.2 and L1/L2 values of 65/55 dB sound pressure level and click-evoked ABR using a slow (21.1/s) and fast (61.1/s) click rate. RESULTS A total of 141 CLWH (70 female participants [49.3%]; mean [SD] age, 7.24 [1.67] years) and 199 HIV-negative individuals (99 female participants [49.7%]; mean [SD] age, 7.26 [1.44] years) participated in the study. The groups did not differ significantly in age, static immittance, or air-conduction thresholds. HIV status was independently associated with approximately 1.4 dB (95% CI, -3.28 to 0.30 dB) to 3.8 dB (95% CI, 6.03 to -1.99 dB) lower DPOAE amplitudes at 6 and 8 kHz bilaterally and 0.28 μV (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.33 μV) lower ABR wave V amplitudes in the right ear. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Consistent with previous findings in young adults, CLWH had slightly, but reliably, lower DPOAEs and ABR wave V amplitudes than HIV-negative controls. The magnitude of these differences was small, but results suggest an early and consistent association between HIV infection or treatment and outer hair cell and auditory brainstem responses in children as young as 3 years. These subclinical changes suggest tracking both auditory function and development outcomes in CLWH is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Niemczak
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Christin Ealer
- Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Abigail Fellows
- Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Albert Magohe
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jiang Gui
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Catherine Rieke
- Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Trent Nicol
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Enica R. Massawe
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Nina Kraus
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Departments of Communication Sciences, Neurobiology and Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jay C. Buckey
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
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Ude AE, da Lilly-Tariah OB, Onotai LO, Chinenye S. Prevalence of hearing loss among newly diagnosed highly active antiretroviral therapy (Haart) naive adult patients in port harcourt. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:1992-1997. [PMID: 36537456 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_425_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have reported a relationship between human immune deficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency virus (AIDS) and auditory functions. There is a dearth of information on the prevalence of hearing loss among newly diagnosed HAART naïve adult patients. Aim: This study therefore provides baseline information on the prevalence of hearing loss among newly diagnosed HAART naïve adult patients in Port Harcourt and serves as a reference for the role of HAART in HIV related hearing loss and for future studies. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a prospective cross-sectional study involving 260 participants; 130 newly diagnosed and 130 HIV-negative controls aged 18 to 50 years from two centers in Port Harcourt from July, 2018 to January, 2019. Participants were clerked and diagnostic pure tone audiometry was done. RESULTS The rate of hearing loss was observed with Pure Tone Audiometry to be higher (P-value = 0.001) among newly diagnosed HAART naive adult patients 37 (28.5%) in comparison to the control 8 (6.2%). The mean age of all the study participants was 31.80 ± 9.61 years (study group 32.18 ± 10.18 years, control group 31.42 ± 9.12 years). Gender characteristic of participants also showed that males were 46 (35.4%) and females 84 (64.6%) giving a male, female ratio of 1:1.83 among newly diagnosed HAART naive adults, while among the control group there were males 49 (37.7%) and female 81 (62.3%) giving male: female ratio of 1:1.65. The rate of hearing loss at baseline was significantly (P = 0.001) higher among 37 HIV-positive HAART naïve patients (28.5%) compared with 8 control patients (6.2%). CONCLUSION There was significant proportion of hearing loss among newly diagnosed HAART naive adult patients in Port Harcourt.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Ude
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - O B da Lilly-Tariah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - L O Onotai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - S Chinenye
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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DeBacker JR, Hu BH, Bielefeld EC. Mild hearing loss in C57BL6/J mice after exposure to antiretroviral compounds during gestation and nursing. Int J Audiol 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35468305 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2022.2067081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is evidence of ototoxicity from antiretrovirals (ARVs), and ARV therapy in pregnant/nursing mothers can expose offspring to these compounds. The current work modelled whether exposure to ARVs in utero and during nursing altered the functioning of the auditory system in offspring mice. DESIGN The females of seven breeding pairs of C57BL6/J mice were given daily doses of ARVs lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate by oral gavage during gestation and nursing. Three breeder females were given equivalent volumes of water as controls. At wean age (3 weeks after birth), the offspring mice were tested with auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). At the conclusion of the experiment, the offspring mice's cochleae were examined for hair cell counts. STUDY SAMPLE Ten breeder female C57BL6/J mice and 69 offspring mice. RESULTS The offspring mice exposed to ARVs during development showed higher ABR thresholds than the control offspring. No differences were found in supra-threshold ABRs. There was no evidence of missing hair cells. CONCLUSIONS Hearing impairment may be a possible consequence of exposure to ARVs during gestation and development. Because the threshold differences were not large, if they are occurring in humans, it is unlikely they would be identified in any hearing screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Riley DeBacker
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bo Hua Hu
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Eric C Bielefeld
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Niemczak CE, White-Schwoch T, Fellows A, Magohe A, Gui J, Rieke C, Nicol T, Massawe ER, Moshi N, Kraus N, Buckey JC. Peripheral Auditory Function in Young HIV-Positive Adults With Clinically Normal Hearing. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 167:155-162. [PMID: 34546820 DOI: 10.1177/01945998211047147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about peripheral auditory function in young adults with HIV, who might be expected to show early evidence of hearing loss if HIV infection or treatment does affect peripheral function. The goal of this study was to compare peripheral auditory function in 2 age- and gender-matched groups of young adults with clinically normal hearing with and without HIV. STUDY DESIGN Matched cohort study with repeated measures. SETTING Infectious disease center in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. METHODS Participants included HIV-positive (n = 38) and HIV-negative (n = 38) adults aged 20 to 30 years who had clinically normal hearing, defined as type A tympanograms, air conduction thresholds ≤25 dB HL bilaterally from 0.5 to 8 kHz, and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) >6 dB above the noise floor bilaterally from 1.5 to 8 kHz. Participants were tested multiple times over 6-month intervals (average, 2.7 sessions/participant) for a total of 208 observations. Primary outcome measures included tympanograms, air conduction audiograms, DPOAEs, and click-evoked auditory brainstem responses. RESULTS HIV groups did not significantly differ in age, static immittance, or air conduction thresholds. HIV-positive status was independently associated with approximately 3.7-dB lower DPOAE amplitudes from 2 to 8 kHz (95% CI, 1.01-6.82) in both ears and 0.04-µV lower (95% CI, 0.003-0.076) auditory brainstem response wave I amplitudes in the right ear. CONCLUSION Young adults living with HIV have slightly but reliably smaller DPOAEs and auditory brainstem response wave I amplitudes than matched HIV-negative controls. The magnitude of these differences is small, but these results support measuring peripheral auditory function in HIV-positive individuals as they age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Niemczak
- Space Medicine Innovations Lab, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Travis White-Schwoch
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Abigail Fellows
- Space Medicine Innovations Lab, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Albert Magohe
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jiang Gui
- Department of Data Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Catherine Rieke
- Space Medicine Innovations Lab, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Trent Nicol
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Enica R Massawe
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ndeserua Moshi
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Nina Kraus
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.,Departments of Neurobiology and Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Jay C Buckey
- Space Medicine Innovations Lab, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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Bentivi JO, Azevedo CDMPESD, Lopes MKD, Rocha SCM, Silva PCRE, Costa VM, Costa ABS. Audiological assessment of children with HIV/AIDS: a meta‐analysis. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Bentivi JO, Azevedo CDMPESD, Lopes MKD, Rocha SCM, Silva PCRE, Costa VM, Costa ABS. Audiological assessment of children with HIV/AIDS: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2020; 96:537-545. [PMID: 31904353 PMCID: PMC9432286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the results of the audiological evaluation of children with HIV and AIDS. DATA COLLECTION Systematic review carried out in May 2019 in the Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus databases. Case reports and original articles were included, with no limitationsregarding country or year of publication. DATA SYNTHESIS 278 articles were identified; 26 were included, in which HIV/AIDS was shown to be a risk factor for hearing loss (OR=5.364; p=0.00). The studies used different audiological exams, with varying methodologies. There was no difference regarding the type of hearing loss (p=0.119). CONCLUSION Longitudinal studies using the same type of examination at all stages are suggested, to allow better monitoring of the effects of HIV on the child's hearing,and studies that provide more methodological details. The knowledge of the influence of HIV on the child's auditory system may lead to the promotion of measures that minimize the prevalence of hearing loss, allow an early diagnosis and timely rehabilitation, so as not to compromise child development.
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Dawood G, Klop D, Olivier E, Elliott H, Pillay M, Grimmer K. Nature and extent of hearing loss in HIV-infected children: A scoping review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 134:110036. [PMID: 32335463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has had a major impact on life expectancy from HIV as many people now live with it as a chronic disease. Chronic HIV has been associated with a range of comorbid disabilities and health conditions, one of which is hearing loss. Undiagnosed and untreated hearing loss, particularly in children, has been linked to poorer spoken language skills, with subsequent effects on academic performance. METHODS This systematic scoping review aimed to summarize the available peer-reviewed literature on hearing loss in HIV-infected children, specifically to describe its extent and nature. The review followed the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. Key search terms included hearing loss (and synonyms), child (and synonyms), and HIV. Electronic databases (EBSCOhost Research Platform, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases) were searched for any relevant articles published from January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2019. Reference lists of included articles were pearled for additional relevant articles not already identified. Each stage of the selection process was conducted independently by two authors. The results were then collated by a third author who also resolved any discrepancies. Extracted data included sample descriptors, audiologic tests, hearing loss prevalence, hearing loss descripts, and factors associated with hearing loss. RESULTS Seventeen articles were included; 10 from Africa, four from South America, two from North America and the remaining article from Asia. Although most of the articles reported on pure tone audiometry, the samples as well as the cut-off criteria for normal hearing were heterogenous. Prevalence of hearing loss varied across articles (from 6% to 84%). Conductive hearing loss occurred more frequently than sensorineural or mixed hearing loss. ART use and ear infection were reported as significant in three of five articles that reported on significant associates of HIV-related hearing loss. CONCLUSION There was a modest volume of research from a limited number of countries. Heterogeneity in sampling and audiometric methods precluded a clear understanding of potential associations between chronic HIV-related hearing loss and contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouwa Dawood
- Division of Speech-Language and Hearing Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, T Ygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Daleen Klop
- Division of Speech-Language and Hearing Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, T Ygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elrietha Olivier
- Division of Speech-Language and Hearing Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, T Ygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Haley Elliott
- Division of Speech-Language and Hearing Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, T Ygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mershen Pillay
- Discipline of Speech-Language Pathology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa
| | - Karen Grimmer
- Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
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Sebothoma B. Middle ear pathologies in adults within the mining industry: A systematic review. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2020; 67:e1-e5. [PMID: 32242444 PMCID: PMC7136826 DOI: 10.4102/sajcd.v67i2.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature suggests that risk factors for middle ear pathologies, such as traumatic injuries and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), exist in mines. However, studies on hearing health in mines seem to focus primarily on occupational noise-induced hearing loss and ignore middle ear pathologies. As a result, there is little documented evidence on the trends of middle ear pathologies in mine workers. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore and document published evidence reflecting trends in middle ear pathologies in mine workers. METHOD A systematic literature review of studies that reported middle ear pathologies in mine workers was conducted. Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, PsychInfo and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies in English published between January 1994 and December 2018 and reporting on trends in middle ear pathologies in mine workers. RESULTS Two research studies met the selection criteria and were included for analysis. One research study used tympanometry with 226 Hz probe tone, while another study used interviews to determine the presence of middle ear pathologies. While these studies indicate that middle ear pathologies exist in individuals working in mines, the evidence is limited. CONCLUSION While current data indicate that individuals working in mines may present with middle ear pathologies of varying severities, the evidence is too small to provide a clear trend of middle ear pathologies in individuals working in mines. Therefore, the current limited data suggest a need for further studies to examine middle ear pathologies in individuals working in mines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Sebothoma
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
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Sebothoma B, Khoza-Shangase K. Middle ear Pathologies in Adults Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Systematic Review. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2020; 129:821-828. [PMID: 32126822 DOI: 10.1177/0003489420909847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Middle ear pathologies have been linked with HIV. The onset and development of these pathologies in individuals with HIV have not been categorized; and clarity has not been gained regarding whether their presentation is any different in this population when compared to HIV negative control group. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore and document published evidence reflecting trends in middle ear pathologies in adults living with HIV. METHODS A systematic review of literature from January 1982 to December 2018 was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, and Psych Info. Studies that reported the occurrence rate of middle ear pathologies in adults with HIV and published in English were included. RESULTS Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria. Evidence suggests that the reported occurrence rates of middle ear pathologies ranges from 2.5% to 58% in this population. The variability in assessment measures as well as the different cut-off criteria used in studies seem to have an influence in the findings, with pure tone audiometry identifying more middle ear pathologies in the current review than tympanometry with 226 Hz probe tone and clinical examination. Otitis media, conductive hearing loss, and type B tympanogram were common findings reported in this study. No evidence of an association between the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the rates of middle ear pathologies was found. CONCLUSION Although there are very few studies that have reported on middle ear pathologies in adults living with HIV, the available studies have sufficiently established a link between HIV and middle ear disease in this population, and have revealed that the rate of occurrence is influenced by a number of factors. Key amongst these is the type of assessment measure used. Careful analysis of middle ear pathologies in this population through well controlled research designs that include different assessment measures. The use of case-control and longitudinal designs to determine differences between groups and to establish the time of onset and development of middle ear pathologies is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Sebothoma
- Department of Speech pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Katijah Khoza-Shangase
- Department of Speech pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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Khoza-Shangase K. Burden of disease: A scoping review of HIV/AIDS and TB in occupational noise-induced hearing loss. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2020; 67:e1-e9. [PMID: 32129660 PMCID: PMC7136822 DOI: 10.4102/sajcd.v67i2.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) does not occur in isolation from other influencing factors such as health conditions and illnesses like human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV and AIDS), as well as tuberculosis (TB). How the burden of disease influences the occurrence and/or management of ONIHL becomes a key if the goal of hearing conservation programmes (HCPs) is to be achieved within these contexts. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this scoping review was to conduct an investigation on how the burden of disease's influence on ONIHL is reported in literature, with a specific focus on the most prevalent diseases in South African mines - HIV and AIDS and TB. METHOD A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley's framework. A search was conducted in five electronic bibliographic databases and the grey literature. RESULTS The search procured 10 publications, with two specific to ONIHL within the South African context. In addition to the two publications specific to TB and ONIHL, findings revealed a serious gap in the evidence around the scoping review question globally. This obvious lack of investigations into the influence of these two conditions in the South African mining context raises serious implications about the responsiveness, and proactive nature of HCPs within this population. CONCLUSION Considering the burden of diseases on otology and audiology is critical as certain diseases cause hearing impairment either as a primary effect, as a secondary/opportunistic effect or as a side effect of treatment options for that disease. An employee suffering from any such disease with concomitant exposure to hazardous noise levels presents an even bigger challenge to HCPs if such is not taken into consideration in the conception, implementation and monitoring of HCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katijah Khoza-Shangase
- Department of Audiology, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
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de Jong MA, Luder A, Gross M. Main Aspects of Peripheral and Central Hearing System Involvement in Unexplained HIV-Related Hearing Complaints. Front Neurol 2019; 10:845. [PMID: 31447765 PMCID: PMC6691119 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hearing abnormalities frequently occur in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected individuals. Both conductive and uni- or bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) have been described along with other audiological and vestibular symptoms such as tinnitus, vertigo and balance disturbances. While frequent middle ear infections may explain impairment of peripheral hearing abilities, the exact etiology of cochlear, and central auditory processing deficits still remains unclear. Direct effects of HIV, opportunistic infections, ototoxic side effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and immunologic responses to the central nervous system involving the auditory pathway have been proposed. We aim to review the audiological profile in HIV infected adults related to the effects of HIV and HAART on the inner ear structures. Methods: We present a review of the literature on cases of HIV related SNHL in adult patients and studies conducted to investigate audiometric changes in such patients. Data on presentation, diagnosis and pathophysiology were reviewed. Results: Sensorineural hearing loss in the higher frequencies is a common form of hearing loss in HIV infected individuals throughout disease progression, along with decreased otoacoustic emission (OAE) responses, increased PTA hearing thresholds and prolonged latencies for auditory brainstem responses (ABR). Conclusion: HIV affects all stages of auditory perception in a way similar to accelerated aging of the auditory system. And we postulate that synaptic loss may be the first step, followed by cochlear damage and central pathology as the virus remains present in all the structures of the auditory pathway causing local inflammation and degeneration. Evaluation of hearing function among all patients diagnosed with HIV infection seems to be an accepted approach; it should include OAE testing, pure tone and speech audiometry, speech-in-noise tests and ABR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marrigje Aagje de Jong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew-University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ari Luder
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew-University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Menachem Gross
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew-University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Li R, Wang W, Wang Y, Peters S, Zhang X, Li H. Effects of early HIV infection and combination antiretroviral therapy on intrinsic brain activity: a cross-sectional resting-state fMRI study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:883-894. [PMID: 31114203 PMCID: PMC6497505 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s195562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate effects of early HIV infection and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on intrinsic brain activity by using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) analysis. Patients and methods: Forty-nine HIV patients, including 26 with cART (HIV+/cART+) and 23 treatment-naïve (HIV+/cART-), and 25 matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging examination. ALFF values were compared by using one-way ANOVA tests with Analysis of Functional NeuroImages (AFNI)'s 3dClustSim correction (voxel p<0.005, α<0.05). In addition, the ALFF values of brain regions that showed significant differences among the three groups were correlated with clinical and neuropsychological variables in both groups of patients by using Spearman correlation analysis. Results: ANOVA analysis showed that statistic difference of ALFF values among three groups was located in the occipital cortex. Post hoc analysis showed a decrease in occipital ALFF value in HIV patients compared to HC, but showed no difference of occipital ALFF between HIV+/cART+ and HIV+/cART-. Additionally, compared with HC, HIV+/cART+ exhibited higher ALFF in the right caudate and frontoparietal cortex, and HIV+/cART- showed higher ALFF in the bilateral caudate. HIV+/cART+ demonstrated higher ALFF values in auditory cortex than HIV+/cART-. Moreover, ALFF values in the right occipital cortex were positively associated with CD4+/CD8+ ratio and executive function in HIV+/cART-. Conclusion: Early HIV-infected individuals presented reduced spontaneous brain activity in the occipital cortex. cART appeared to be ineffective in halting the HIV-induced neurodegeneration but might delay the progression of neural dysfunction to some extent. ALFF might be a potential biomarker in monitoring the effects of HIV and cART on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Sönke Peters
- Clinic for Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
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Ensink RJH, Kuper H. Is hearing impairment associated with HIV? A systematic review of data from low- and middle-income countries. Trop Med Int Health 2017; 22:1493-1504. [PMID: 29078020 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review evidence on the prevalence and characteristics of hearing impairment among children and adults living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). METHODS Articles were identified up to January 2016 through searching four electronic databases. Epidemiological studies conducted in LMIC that explored the association between HIV status and hearing loss, with or without an HIV-uninfected comparison group, were eligible for inclusion. Results were screened and assessed for eligibility, and data were extracted by two reviewers, with discussion in the case of disagreement. Findings were narratively synthesised. RESULTS The search identified 638 unique references, of which 21 studies were included in the review, including 3491 people with HIV from 13 LMIC. There was lack of consistency in the definition used for hearing loss, making comparability across studies difficult. Among children with HIV, across the three studies that used a cut-off of >15 dB in either ear, the prevalence of hearing loss ranged from 22 to 37%. Among the three studies that used >25 dB in either ear, the prevalence ranged from 32 to 39%. Among adults with HIV, for the five studies that used a threshold of >25 dB for either ear, the prevalence ranged from 10 to 43%. The prevalence of hearing impairment was significantly higher among people with HIV than in controls in eight of the ten studies that assessed this comparison. Conductive hearing loss was the most common type of hearing loss in children with HIV, while sensorineural hearing loss was more common in adults with HIV. There was a lack of evidence for an association between ART use and hearing loss, although there was some suggestion that late stage of HIV disease or low CD4 count was related to hearing loss. There were concerns about the quality of the studies included in the review. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence is suggestive of a high prevalence of hearing loss among people living with HIV compared to people without HIV, or to WHO estimates for the general population. More research is needed to better understand the aetiology of hearing loss in relation to HIV, and whether screening for and treatment of hearing loss can be effectively integrated into HIV treatment services needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Kuper
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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15
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Smith AF, Ianacone DC, Ensink RJH, Melaku A, Casselbrant ML, Isaacson G. Prevalence of hearing-loss among HAART-treated children in the Horn of Africa. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 98:166-170. [PMID: 28583495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of hearing loss (HL) in children infected with HIV/AIDS is not well studied. Even fewer studies focus on stable HIV-infected children treated with high-effective antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We aim to compare the prevalence of ear disease and HL in HAART-treated, HIV + children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia with a well, similarly-aged elementary school population with unknown HIV status (HIVU). METHODS Children underwent standard head and neck examination and cerumen removal by board certified otolaryngologists. Next, certified audiologists performed hearing screening with pure-tone audiometry using a circumaural headset but without an ambient noise reducing environment. Children failing audiometric screening underwent full behavioral audiometry including air and bone testing. The primary outcome parameter was HL > 25 dB with the audiologist accounting for background noise. A second endpoint was PTA >40 dB (500, 1000, 2000 Hz) without assessment of background noise. RESULTS 107 HIV+ and 147 HIVU children met inclusion criteria. In the HIV + cohort 17.8% had evidence of TM perforations and 8.4% had otorrhea. In the HIVU group 2.7% had a TM perforation and 0% had otorrhea. Hearing was significantly worse in HIV + children. (Audiologist determination: 38.3% HL HIV+, 12.2% HIVU, Fisher's-Exact-Test OR: 4.5, 95% CI 2.4-8.3, p-value <0.0001; Worse-hearing-ear PTA > 40 dB: 19.6% HL HIV+, 6.1% HIVU, OR: 3.7, 95% CI 1.7-8.4, p-value <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Chronic OM, conductive and mixed hearing losses are significantly more common in HAART-treated HIV + children than in well, similarly-aged controls. Rates of SNHL are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alden F Smith
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David C Ianacone
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robbert J H Ensink
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gelre Ziekenhuizen, Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - Abebe Melaku
- Department of Otolaryngology, Addis Ababa University School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Margaretha L Casselbrant
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Glenn Isaacson
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery and Pediatrics, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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16
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Matas CG, Samelli AG, Angrisani RG, Magliaro FCL, Segurado AC. Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential in HIV-Positive Adults. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:3172-8. [PMID: 26485202 PMCID: PMC4621158 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To characterize the findings of brainstem auditory evoked potential in HIV-positive individuals exposed and not exposed to antiretroviral treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS This research was a cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study. Forty-five HIV-positive individuals (18 not exposed and 27 exposed to the antiretroviral treatment - research groups I and II, respectively - and 30 control group individuals) were assessed through brainstem auditory evoked potential. RESULTS There were no significant between-group differences regarding wave latencies. A higher percentage of altered brainstem auditory evoked potential was observed in the HIV-positive groups when compared to the control group. The most common alteration was in the low brainstem. CONCLUSIONS HIV-positive individuals have a higher percentage of altered brainstem auditory evoked potential that suggests central auditory pathway impairment when compared to HIV-negative individuals. There was no significant difference between individuals exposed and not exposed to antiretroviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gentile Matas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-language Pathology and Audiology, and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine (FMUSP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Giannella Samelli
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-language Pathology and Audiology, and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine (FMUSP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosanna Giaffredo Angrisani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-language Pathology and Audiology, and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine (FMUSP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina Leite Magliaro
- Department of Physical Therapy, Speech-language Pathology and Audiology, and Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine (FMUSP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aluísio C. Segurado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine (FMUSP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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