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Anorue EC, Joshua PE. Evaluation of anti-sickling effects of two varieties of Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth on sickle cell beta thalassemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118280. [PMID: 38714239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Globally, the prevalence of sickle cell disease is on the rise, with developing countries experiencing particularly alarming mortality rate compared to developed nations. The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) have acknowledged sickle cell disease as a significant global public health concern. Unfortunately, a cure for this condition is yet to be discovered, and existing allopathic treatments, while offering relief, come with serious side effects. In recent times, there has been a growing interest in exploring the potential of medicinal plants for treating sickle cell disease due to their content of secondary metabolites that may impact the disease's mechanisms. Cajanus cajan, a crucial grain legume in rain-fed agriculture in semi-arid tropics, has been traditionally used in folk medicine to manage various illnesses and is suggested to possess anti-sickling properties. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study investigated two varieties of C. cajan for their effectiveness in treating sickle cell beta thalassemia, a variant of sickle cell disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was divided into four groups consisting of the untreated group (group 1), group treated with standard drug (group 2), group treated with white C. cajan (group 3) and group treated with brown C. cajan (group 4). The effects of the two variety of C. cajan were measured by polymerization test, reversibility test, osmotic fragility test, deoxygenation and beta globin synthesis test. RESULT The results revealed that both varieties of C. cajan demonstrated a reduction in polymerization rates, reversed sickled red blood cells, increased the oxygen affinity of Hb-S/β, elevated the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio, and maintained the membrane stability of red blood cells. Notably, the white variety exhibited superior anti-sickling properties compared to the brown variety. CONCLUSION This suggests that this significant leguminous crop could be utilized for the treatment and management of sickling disorders, particularly in low-income countries where conventional treatments may be financially inaccessible to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleazar Chukwuemeka Anorue
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Shalom Science and Technology Academy, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Parker Elijah Joshua
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Moruzzi S, Castagna A, Spizzo M, Udali S, Pattini P, Pizzolo F, Friso S, Martinelli N. Activated Factor VII-Antithrombin Complex, a Biomarker of Tissue Factor-Related Pathways in Different Clinical Settings: A Narrative Review from Cardiovascular Diseases to Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1711. [PMID: 39202199 PMCID: PMC11354109 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14161711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that represents the fundamental physiological initiator of the coagulation cascade through its interaction with factor VII. TF belongs to the cytokine receptor protein superfamily and contributes to the transduction of cellular signaling. Therefore, TF-related pathways are involved in multiple pathophysiological processes, not only in coagulation/thrombosis but in a wider mechanisms' panorama, ranging from infective to neoplastic diseases. Consistently, the measurement of TF activity could have a diagnostic and/or prognostic meaning in different clinical conditions. However, the transmembrane localization, the expression on different cellular types and circulating extracellular vesicles, and the different conformations (encrypted and decrypted) and variants (such as the soluble alternatively spliced TF) hamper TF assessment in clinical practice. The activated factor VII-antithrombin (FVIIa-AT) complex is proposed as an indirect biomarker of the TF-FVIIa interaction and, consequently, of the functionally active TF expression. In this narrative review, we evaluate the clinical studies investigating the role of plasma concentration of FVIIa-AT in health and disease. Although without conclusive data, high FVIIa-AT concentrations predict the worst clinical outcomes in different pathologic conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, thereby suggesting that overactivation of TF-related pathways may play an unfavorable role in various clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicola Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (S.U.); (P.P.); (F.P.); (S.F.)
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Heidari Z, Naeimzadeh Y, Fallahi J, Savardashtaki A, Razban V, Khajeh S. The Role of Tissue Factor In Signaling Pathways of Pathological Conditions and Angiogenesis. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:1135-1151. [PMID: 37817529 DOI: 10.2174/0115665240258746230919165935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is an integral transmembrane protein associated with the extrinsic coagulation pathway. TF gene expression is regulated in response to inflammatory cytokines, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and mechanical injuries. TF activity may be affected by phosphorylation of its cytoplasmic domain and alternative splicing. TF acts as the primary initiator of physiological hemostasis, which prevents local bleeding at the injury site. However, aberrant expression of TF, accompanied by the severity of diseases and infections under various pathological conditions, triggers multiple signaling pathways that support thrombosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and metastasis. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are central in the downstream signaling pathways of TF. In this study, we have reviewed the TF signaling pathways in different pathological conditions, such as wound injury, asthma, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), viral infections, cancer and pathological angiogenesis. Angiogenic activities of TF are critical in the repair of wound injuries and aggressive behavior of tumors, which are mainly performed by the actions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1-α). Pro-inflammatory effects of TF have been reported in asthma, CVDs and viral infections, including COVID-19, which result in tissue hypertrophy, inflammation, and thrombosis. TF-FVII induces angiogenesis via clotting-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Clottingdependent angiogenesis is induced via the generation of thrombin and cross-linked fibrin network, which facilitate vessel infiltration and also act as a reservoir for endothelial cells (ECs) growth factors. Expression of TF in tumor cells and ECs triggers clotting-independent angiogenesis through induction of VEGF, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPAR), early growth response 1 (EGR1), IL8, and cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yasaman Naeimzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jafar Fallahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Razban
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sahar Khajeh
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Kovalenko TA, Panteleev MA, Sveshnikova AN. Different modeling approaches in the simulation of extrinsic coagulation factor X activation: Limitations and areas of applicability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 39:e3689. [PMID: 36802118 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteolytic reactions on the phospholipid membrane surface, so-called "membrane-dependent" reactions, play central role in the process of blood clotting. One particularly important example is FX activation by the extrinsic tenase (VIIa/TF). Here we constructed three mathematical models of FX activation by VIIa/TF: (A) a homogeneous "well-mixed" model, (B) a two-compartment "well-mixed" model, (C) a heterogeneous model with diffusion, to investigate the impact and importance of inclusion of each complexity level. All models provided good description of the reported experimental data and were equivalently applicable for <40 μM of phospholipids. Model C provided better predictions than A, B in the presence of TF-negative phospholipid microparticles. Models predicted that for high TF surface density (STF ) and FX deficiency the FX activation rate was limited by the rate of FX binding to the membrane. For low STF and excess of FX the reaction rate was limited by the tenase formation rate. The analysis of the substrate delivery pathways revealed that FX bound to VIIa/TF predominantly from solution for STF >2.8 × 10-3 nmol/cm2 and from the membrane for lower STF . We proposed the experimental setting to distinguish between the collision-limited and non-collision-limited binding. The analysis of models in flow and non-flow conditions revealed that the model of a vesicle in flow might be substituted by model C in the absence of the substrate depletion. Together, this study was the first which provided the direct comparison of more simple and more complex models. The reaction mechanisms were studied in a wide range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Kovalenko
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Panteleev
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia N Sveshnikova
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Price JM, Hisada Y, Hazeldine J, Bae-Jump V, Luther T, Mackman N, Harrison P. Detection of tissue factor-positive extracellular vesicles using the ExoView R100 system. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100177. [PMID: 37333992 PMCID: PMC10276261 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue factor (TF) is essential for hemostasis. TF-expressing extracellular vesicles (TF+ EVs) are released in pathological conditions, such as trauma and cancer, and are linked to thrombosis. Detection of TF+ EV antigenically in plasma is challenging due to their low concentration but may be of clinical utility. Objectives We hypthesised that ExoView can allow for direct measurement of TF+ EV in plasma, antigenically. Methods We utilized the anti-TF monoclonal antibody 5G9 to capture TF EV onto specialized ExoView chips. This was combined with fluorescent TF+ EV detection using anti-TF monoclonal antibody IIID8-AF647. We measured tumor cell-derived (BxPC-3) TF+ EV and TF+ EVs from plasma derived from whole blood with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. We used this system to analyze TF+ EVs in 2 relevant clinical cohorts: trauma and ovarian cancer. We compared ExoView results with an EV TF activity assay. Results BxPC-3-derived TF+ EVs were identified with ExoView using 5G9 capture with IIID8-AF647 detection. 5G9 capture with IIID8-AF647 detection was significantly higher in LPS+ samples than in LPS samples and correlated with EV TF activity (R2 = 0.28). Trauma patient samples had higher levels of EV TF activity than healthy controls, but activity did not correlate with TF measurements made by ExoView (R2 = 0.15). Samples from patients with ovarian cancer have higher levels of EV TF activity than those from healthy controls, but activity did not correlate with TF measurement by ExoView (R2 = 0.0063). Conclusion TF+ EV measurement is possible in plasma, but the threshold and potential clinical applicability of ExoView R100, in this context, remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M.J. Price
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yohei Hisada
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jon Hazeldine
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas Luther
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul Harrison
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Madkhali AM, Mobarki AA, Ghzwani AH, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Zhranei A, Osais A, Sohel A, Othman B, Dobie G, Hamali HA. Elevated Levels of Procoagulant Microvesicles and Tissue-Factor Bearing Microvesicles in Malaria Patients. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1205-1215. [PMID: 37041799 PMCID: PMC10083009 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s402212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Procoagulant microvesicles (MVs) are submicron membrane fragments released from activated cells and cells undergoing apoptosis. The procoagulant activity of MVs is enhanced in the presence of tissue factor (TF). MVs and TF are active mediators that induce pro-inflammatory response and prothrombotic tendency and have been linked to the severity of several disorders, including malaria infection. The current study aimed to measure the levels of circulating procoagulant MVs and TF-bearing MVs in malaria patients and correlate these levels with other hematological parameters and parasitemia. Materials and Methods Levels of MVs and TF-bearing MVs in the plasma of children and adult patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum were measured alongside matched healthy controls. Results Patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection had ~3.8 times MVs (p < 0.0001) and ~13.0 times TF-bearing MVs compared to the matched healthy controls. MVs showed inverse significant correlation with platelet count (p = 0.0055), hemoglobin (p = 0.0004) and parasitemia. Conclusion Elevated levels of MVs and TF-bearing MVs could be useful biomarkers to evaluate the procoagulant activity, inflammatory response and parasitemia levels in malaria infection, aiding in better management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen M Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Ghzwani
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Zhranei
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Osais
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Sohel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim Othman
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Hassan A Hamali, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 1906, Gizan, 45142, Saudi Arabia, Email
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Genetic duplication of tissue factor reveals subfunctionalization in venous and arterial hemostasis. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010534. [PMID: 36449521 PMCID: PMC9744294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is an evolutionarily conserved protein necessary for initiation of hemostasis. Zebrafish have two copies of the tissue factor gene (f3a and f3b) as the result of an ancestral teleost fish duplication event (so called ohnologs). In vivo physiologic studies of TF function have been difficult given early lethality of TF knockout in the mouse. We used genome editing to produce knockouts of both f3a and f3b in zebrafish. Since ohnologs arose through sub- or neofunctionalization, they can unmask unknown functions of non-teleost genes and could reveal whether mammalian TF has developmental functions distinct from coagulation. Here we show that a single copy of either f3a or f3b is necessary and sufficient for normal lifespan. Complete loss of TF results in lethal hemorrhage by 2-4 months despite normal embryonic and vascular development. Larval vascular endothelial injury reveals predominant roles for TFa in venous circulation and TFb in arterial circulation. Finally, we demonstrate that loss of TF predisposes to a stress-induced cardiac tamponade independent of its role in fibrin formation. Overall, our data suggest partial subfunctionalization of TFa and TFb. This multigenic zebrafish model has the potential to facilitate study of the role of TF in different vascular beds.
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Oh H, Park HE, Song MS, Kim H, Baek JH. The Therapeutic Potential of Anticoagulation in Organ Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:866746. [PMID: 35652066 PMCID: PMC9148959 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.866746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, also known as organ scarring, describes a pathological stiffening of organs or tissues caused by increased synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. In the past decades, mounting evidence has accumulated showing that the coagulation cascade is directly associated with fibrotic development. Recent findings suggest that, under inflammatory conditions, various cell types (e.g., immune cells) participate in the coagulation process causing pathological outcomes, including fibrosis. These findings highlighted the potential of anticoagulation therapy as a strategy in organ fibrosis. Indeed, preclinical and clinical studies demonstrated that the inhibition of blood coagulation is a potential intervention for the treatment of fibrosis across all major organs (e.g., lung, liver, heart, and kidney). In this review, we aim to summarize our current knowledge on the impact of components of coagulation cascade on fibrosis of various organs and provide an update on the current development of anticoagulation therapy for fibrosis.
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Liu W, Du JJ, Li ZH, Zhang XY, Zuo HD. Liver injury associated with acute pancreatitis: The current status of clinical evaluation and involved mechanisms. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:10418-10429. [PMID: 35004974 PMCID: PMC8686151 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i34.10418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a very common acute disease, and the mortality rate of severe AP (SAP) is between 15% and 35%. The main causes of death are multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and infections. The mortality rate of patients with SAP related to liver failure is as high as 83%, and approximately 5% of the SAP patients have fulminant liver failure. Liver function is closely related to the progression and prognosis of AP. In this review, we aim to elaborate on the clinical manifestations and mechanism of liver injury in patients with AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Juan-Juan Du
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zeng-Hui Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hou-Dong Zuo
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
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Ettelaie C, Featherby S, Rondon AMR, Greenman J, Versteeg HH, Maraveyas A. De-Palmitoylation of Tissue Factor Regulates Its Activity, Phosphorylation and Cellular Functions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153837. [PMID: 34359738 PMCID: PMC8345185 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the role of de-palmitoylation of tissue factor (TF) in the decryption of its activity was explored. TF-tGFP constructs were prepared by mutagenesis-substitution at Cys245 to prevent or mimic palmitolyation. Additionally, to reduce TF de-palmitoylation, the expression of palmitoyl-protein thioesterases (PPT) was suppressed. Other TF mutants were prepared with altered flexibility, hydrophobicity or length of the transmembrane domain. The outcome of these alterations on fXa-generation, fVIIa binding, Ser253 phosphorylation and TF-microvesicle release were assessed in endothelial cells, and the influence on endothelial and MCF-7 cell proliferation and apoptosis was analysed. Preventing TF palmitoylation (TFSer245-tGFP), increasing the hydrophobicity (TFPhe241-tGFP) or lengthening (TFLongTM-tGFP) of the transmembrane domain enhanced fXa-generation in resting cells compared to cells expressing TFWt-tGFP, but fXa-generation was not further increased following PAR2 activation. Extending the available length of the transmembrane domain enhanced the TF-tGFP release within microvesicles and Ser253 phosphorylation and increased cell proliferation. Moreover, prevention of PKCα-mediated Ser253 phosphorylation with Gö6976 did not preclude fXa-generation. Conversely, reducing the hydrophobicity (TFSer242-tGFP), shortening (TFShortTM-tGFP) or reducing the flexibility (TFVal225-tGFP) of the transmembrane domain suppressed fXa-generation, fVIIa-HRP binding and Ser253 phosphorylation following PAR2 activation. PPT knock-down or mimicking palmitoylation (TFPhe245-tGFP) reduced fXa-generation without affecting fVIIa binding. This study has for the first time shown that TF procoagulant activity is regulated through de-palmitoylation, which alters the orientation of its transmembrane domain and is independent of TF phosphorylation. However, Ser253 phosphorylation is facilitated by changes in the orientation of the transmembrane domain and can induce TF-cellular signalling that influences cellular proliferation/apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ettelaie
- Biomedical Section, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; (S.F.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1482-465528; Fax: +44-(0)1482-465458
| | - Sophie Featherby
- Biomedical Section, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; (S.F.); (J.G.)
| | - Araci M. R. Rondon
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.M.R.R.); (H.H.V.)
| | - John Greenman
- Biomedical Section, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; (S.F.); (J.G.)
| | - Henri H. Versteeg
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.M.R.R.); (H.H.V.)
| | - Anthony Maraveyas
- Division of Cancer-Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
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Humphries TLR, Shen K, Iyer A, Johnson DW, Gobe GC, Nikolic-Paterson D, Fairlie DP, Vesey DA. PAR2-Induced Tissue Factor Synthesis by Primary Cultures of Human Kidney Tubular Epithelial Cells Is Modified by Glucose Availability. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147532. [PMID: 34299151 PMCID: PMC8304776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulopathies common to patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not fully understood. Fibrin deposits in the kidney suggest the local presence of clotting factors including tissue factor (TF). In this study, we investigated the effect of glucose availability on the synthesis of TF by cultured human kidney tubular epithelial cells (HTECs) in response to activation of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2). PAR2 activation by peptide 2f-LIGRLO-NH2 (2F, 2 µM) enhanced the synthesis and secretion of active TF (~45 kDa) which was blocked by a PAR2 antagonist (I-191). Treatment with 2F also significantly increased the consumption of glucose from the cell medium and lactate secretion. Culturing HTECs in 25 mM glucose enhanced TF synthesis and secretion over 5 mM glucose, while addition of 5 mM 2-deoxyglucose (2DOG) significantly decreased TF synthesis and reduced its molecular weight (~40 kDa). Blocking glycosylation with tunicamycin also reduced 2F-induced TF synthesis while reducing its molecular weight (~36 kDa). In conclusion, PAR2-induced TF synthesis in HTECs is enhanced by culture in high concentrations of glucose and suppressed by inhibiting either PAR2 activation (I-191), glycolysis (2DOG) or glycosylation (tunicamycin). These results may help explain how elevated concentrations of glucose promote clotting abnormities in diabetic kidney disease. The application of PAR2 antagonists to treat CKD should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone L. R. Humphries
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faulty of Medicine, The University of Queensland at the Princess Alexandra, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.L.R.H.); (K.S.); (D.W.J.); (G.C.G.)
| | - Kunyu Shen
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faulty of Medicine, The University of Queensland at the Princess Alexandra, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.L.R.H.); (K.S.); (D.W.J.); (G.C.G.)
| | - Abishek Iyer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (D.P.F.)
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David W. Johnson
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faulty of Medicine, The University of Queensland at the Princess Alexandra, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.L.R.H.); (K.S.); (D.W.J.); (G.C.G.)
- Department of Nephrology, The University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Glenda C. Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faulty of Medicine, The University of Queensland at the Princess Alexandra, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.L.R.H.); (K.S.); (D.W.J.); (G.C.G.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre and Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (D.P.F.)
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David A. Vesey
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faulty of Medicine, The University of Queensland at the Princess Alexandra, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.L.R.H.); (K.S.); (D.W.J.); (G.C.G.)
- Department of Nephrology, The University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3443-8013
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12
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Wu R, Wang N, Comish PB, Tang D, Kang R. Inflammasome-Dependent Coagulation Activation in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641750. [PMID: 33796108 PMCID: PMC8007875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening, pathological condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Pathologically, systemic inflammation can initiate coagulation activation, leading to organ dysfunction, and ultimately to multiple organ failure and septic death. The inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein signaling complexes that control the host response to diverse pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms as well as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dead or dying host cells. Recent studies highlight that the activation of canonical and non-canonical inflammasomes not only mediate the maturation and secretion of interleukin-1 (IL1) family cytokines, but also trigger the release of coagulation factor III, tissue factor (F3, best known as TF) in activated macrophages and monocytes. These emerging functions of inflammasomes in immunocoagulation are further positively regulated by stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1 (STING1, also known as STING or TMEM173, a hub of the innate immune signaling network) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1, a nuclear DAMP). This mini-review will discuss the regulation and function of inflammasome-dependent coagulation activation in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runliu Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Paul B Comish
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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13
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Wellmann IAM, Ibiapina HNS, Sachett JAG, Sartim MA, Silva IM, Oliveira SS, Tarragô AM, Moura-da-Silva AM, Lacerda MVG, Ferreira LCDL, Malheiro A, Monteiro WM, Costa AG. Correlating Fibrinogen Consumption and Profiles of Inflammatory Molecules in Human Envenomation's by Bothrops atrox in the Brazilian Amazon. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1874. [PMID: 32973773 PMCID: PMC7468254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebites are considered a major public health problem worldwide. In the Amazon region of Brazil, the snake Bothrops atrox (B. atrox) is responsible for 90% of the bites. These bites may cause local and systemic signs from acute inflammatory reaction and hemostatic changes, and present common hemorrhagic disorders. These alterations occur due the action of hemostatically active and immunogenic toxins which are capable of triggering a wide range of hemostatic and inflammatory events. However, the crosstalk between coagulation disorders and inflammatory reaction still has gaps in snakebites. Thus, the goal of this study was to describe the relationship between the consumption of fibrinogen and the profile of inflammatory molecules (chemokines and cytokines) in evenomations by B. atrox snakebites. A prospective study was carried out with individuals who had suffered B. atrox snakebites and presented different levels of fibrinogen consumption (normal fibrinogen [NF] and hypofibrinogenemia [HF]). Seventeen patients with NF and 55 patients with HF were eligible for the study, in addition to 50 healthy controls (CG). The molecules CXCL-8, CCL-5, CXCL-9, CCL-2, CXCL-10, IL-6, TNF, IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17A were quantified in plasma using the CBA technique at three different times (pre-antivenom therapy [T0], 24 h [T1], and 48 h [T2] after antivenom therapy). The profile of the circulating inflammatory response is different between the groups studied, with HF patients having higher concentrations of CCL-5 and lower IFN-γ. In addition, antivenom therapy seems to have a positive effect, leading to a profile of circulating inflammatory response similar in quantification of T1 and T2 on both groups. Furthermore, these results suggest that a number of interactions of CXCL-8, CXCL-9, CCL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ in HF patients are directly affected by fibrinogen levels, which may be related to the inflammatory response and coagulation mutual relationship induced by B. atrox venom. The present study is the first report on inflammation-coagulation crosstalk involving snakebite patients and supports the better understanding of envenomation's pathophysiology mechanisms and guides in the search for novel biomarkers and prospective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmgardt Alicia María Wellmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema (IPCCB), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Hiochelson Najibe Santos Ibiapina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema (IPCCB), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Almeida Gonçalves Sachett
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema (IPCCB), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Sartim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Iran Mendonça Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema (IPCCB), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Sâmella Silva Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema (IPCCB), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Andréa Monteiro Tarragô
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil.,Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Moura-da-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema (IPCCB), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisas Leônidas e Maria Deane, FIOCRUZ-Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Lima Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema (IPCCB), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil.,Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema (IPCCB), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema (IPCCB), Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil.,Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
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14
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Rosell A, Moser B, Hisada Y, Chinthapatla R, Lian G, Yang Y, Flick MJ, Mackman N. Evaluation of different commercial antibodies for their ability to detect human and mouse tissue factor by western blotting. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 4:1013-1023. [PMID: 32864552 PMCID: PMC7443430 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Western blotting is used to measure protein expression in cells and tissues. Appropriate interpretation of resulting data is contingent upon antibody validation. OBJECTIVES We assessed several commercial anti-human and anti-mouse tissue factor (TF) antibodies for their ability to detect TF by western blotting. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used human pancreatic cancer cell lines expressing different levels of TF and a mouse pancreatic cancer cell line expressing TF with a matched knockout derivative. RESULTS Human and mouse TF protein detected by western blotting correlated with levels of TF mRNA in these cell lines. The apparent molecular weight of TF is increased by N-linked glycosylation and, as expected, deglycosylation decreased the size of TF based on western blotting. We found that four commercial anti-human TF antibodies detected TF in a TF-positive cell line HPAF-II whereas no signal was observed in a TF-negative cell line MIA PaCa-2. More variability was observed in detecting mouse TF. Two anti-mouse TF antibodies detected mouse TF in a TF-positive cell line and no signal was observed in a TF knockout cell line. However, a third anti-mouse TF antibody detected a nonspecific protein in both the mouse TF-positive and TF-negative cell lines. Two anti-human TF antibodies that are claimed to cross react with mouse TF either recognized a nonspecific band or did not detect mouse TF. DISCUSSION Our results indicate that there is a range in quality of commercial anti-TF antibodies. CONCLUSION We recommend that all commercial antibodies should be validated to ensure that they detect TF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Rosell
- Division of Internal MedicineDepartment of Clinical SciencesDanderyd HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis ResearchCenter for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Yohei Hisada
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartment of MedicineUNC Blood Research CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Rukesh Chinthapatla
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartment of MedicineUNC Blood Research CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Grace Lian
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartment of MedicineUNC Blood Research CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUNC Blood Research CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Matthew J. Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUNC Blood Research CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartment of MedicineUNC Blood Research CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
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15
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Pryzdial ELG, Sutherland MR, Lin BH, Horwitz M. Antiviral anticoagulation. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 4:774-788. [PMID: 32685886 PMCID: PMC7354393 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel envelope virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hallmarks of COVID-19 are a puzzling form of thrombophilia that has elevated D-dimer but only modest effects on other parameters of coagulopathy. This is combined with severe inflammation, often leading to acute respiratory distress and possible lethality. Coagulopathy and inflammation are interconnected by the transmembrane receptor, tissue factor (TF), which initiates blood clotting as a cofactor for factor VIIa (FVIIa)-mediated factor Xa (FXa) generation. TF also functions from within the nascent TF/FVIIa/FXa complex to trigger profound changes via protease-activated receptors (PARs) in many cell types, including SARS-CoV-2-trophic cells. Therefore, aberrant expression of TF may be the underlying basis of COVID-19 symptoms. Evidence suggests a correlation between infection with many virus types and development of clotting-related symptoms, ranging from heart disease to bleeding, depending on the virus. Since numerous cell types express TF and can act as sites for virus replication, a model envelope virus, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), has been used to investigate the uptake of TF into the envelope. Indeed, HSV1 and other viruses harbor surface TF antigen, which retains clotting and PAR signaling function. Strikingly, envelope TF is essential for HSV1 infection in mice, and the FXa-directed oral anticoagulant apixaban had remarkable antiviral efficacy. SARS-CoV-2 replicates in TF-bearing epithelial and endothelial cells and may stimulate and integrate host cell TF, like HSV1 and other known coagulopathic viruses. Combined with this possibility, the features of COVID-19 suggest that it is a TFopathy, and the TF/FVIIa/FXa complex is a feasible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L. G. Pryzdial
- Center for InnovationCanadian Blood ServicesVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Michael R. Sutherland
- Center for InnovationCanadian Blood ServicesVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Bryan H. Lin
- Center for InnovationCanadian Blood ServicesVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Marc Horwitz
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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16
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Vermeulen JG, Burt F, van Heerden E, du Preez LL, Meiring M. Characterization of the inhibition mechanism of a tissuefactor inhibiting single-chain variable fragment: a combined computational approach. J Mol Model 2020; 26:87. [PMID: 32219568 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-4350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) directed against human tissue factor (TF) was predicted using an in silico approach with the aim to establish a most likely mechanism of inhibition. The structure of the TF inhibiting scFv (TFI-scFv) was predicted using homology modeling, and complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) were identified. The CDR was utilized to direct molecular docking between the homology model of TFI-scFv and the crystal structure of the extracellular domains of human tissue factor. The rigid-body docking model was refined by means of molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, and the most prevalent cluster was identified. MD simulations predicted improved interaction between TFI-scFv and TF and propose the formation of stable complex for duration of the 600-ns simulation. Analysis of the refined docking model suggests that the interactions between TFI-scFv would interfere with the allosterical activation of coagulation factor VII (FVII) by TF. This interaction would prevent the formation of the active TF:VIIa complex and in so doing inhibit the initiation phase of blood coagulation as observers during in vitro testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-G Vermeulen
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. .,Department of Haematology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - Felicity Burt
- Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service, Universitas, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Esta van Heerden
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Louis Lategan du Preez
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Muriel Meiring
- Department of Haematology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service, Universitas, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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17
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Mashayekhi V, Hoog CO‘, Oliveira S. Vascular targeted photodynamic therapy: A review of the efforts towards molecular targeting of tumor vasculature. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019; 23:1229-1240. [PMID: 33568892 PMCID: PMC7116708 DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619300180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic value of vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) for cancer has already been recognized in the clinic: TOOKAD® has been clinically approved in Europe and Israel for treatment of men with low-risk prostate cancer. When light is applied shortly after intravenous administration of the photosensitizer, the damage is primarily done to the vasculature. This results in vessel constriction, blood flow stasis, and thrombus formation. Subsequently, the tumor is killed due to oxygen and nutrient deprivation. To further increase treatment specificity and to reduce undesired side effects such as damaging to the surrounding healthy tissues, efforts have been made to selectively target the PS to the tumor vasculature, an approach named molecular targeted VTP (molVTP). Several receptors have already been explored for this approach, namely CD13, CD276, Extra domains of fibronectin (A, B), Integrin αvβ3, Neuropilin-1, Nucleolin, PDGFRβ, tissue factor, and VEGFR-2, which are overexpressed on tumor vasculature. Preclinical studies have shown promising results, further encouraging the investigation and future application of molVTP, to improve selectivity and efficacy of cancer treatment. This strategy will hopefully lead to even more selective treatments for many cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Mashayekhi
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Op ‘t Hoog
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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18
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Protective effect of Myrtle (Myrtus communis) on burn induced skin injury. Burns 2019; 45:1856-1863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Coppin L, Sokal E, Stéphenne X. Thrombogenic Risk Induced by Intravascular Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101160. [PMID: 31569696 PMCID: PMC6829440 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently studied and used in numerous clinical trials. Nevertheless, some concerns have been raised regarding the safety of these infusions and the thrombogenic risk they induce. MSCs express procoagulant activity (PCA) linked to the expression of tissue factor (TF) that, when in contact with blood, initiates coagulation. Some even describe a dual activation of both the coagulation and the complement pathway, called Instant Blood-Mediated Inflammatory Reaction (IBMIR), explaining the disappointing results and low engraftment rates in clinical trials. However, nowadays, different approaches to modulate the PCA of MSCs and thus control the thrombogenic risk after cell infusion are being studied. This review summarizes both in vitro and in vivo studies on the PCA of MSC of various origins. It further emphasizes the crucial role of TF linked to the PCA of MSCs. Furthermore, optimization of MSC therapy protocols using different methods to control the PCA of MSCs are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Coppin
- Laboratoire d'Hépatologie Pédiatrique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Unité PEDI, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Etienne Sokal
- Laboratoire d'Hépatologie Pédiatrique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Unité PEDI, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Xavier Stéphenne
- Laboratoire d'Hépatologie Pédiatrique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Unité PEDI, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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20
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Scatena C, Franceschi S, Franzini M, Sanguinetti C, Romiti N, Caponi L, Mandalà M, Mazzanti CM, Naccarato AG. Dabrafenib and Trametinib prolong coagulation through the inhibition of tissue factor in BRAF v600e mutated melanoma cells in vitro. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:223. [PMID: 31467489 PMCID: PMC6712666 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neoplastic cells promote a hypercoagulable state by the expression of cell surface proteins, such as tissue factor. In BRAFv600 mutated melanoma patients upon BRAF inhibitors, a hypercoagulable state correlates with prognosis, while a down-regulation of the hemostatic parameters is observed in patients responders as compared to non responders. The present study was intended to better clarify the strict relationship between coagulation mediators and target therapy in melanoma. Methods The expression of tissue factor was investigated after the treatment with the BRAF inhibitor Dabrafenib and the MEK inhibitor Trametinib in the BRAFv600e mutated melanoma cell lines A-375 and SK-MEL-28, together with its ability to activate the coagulation cascade. Results Dabrafenib and Trametinib caused the down-regulation of TF in both cell lines A-375 and SK-MEL-28. For the cell line A-375 the effect was evident both at RNA and procoagulant activity; for the cell line SK-MEL-28 only at RNA level without any variation of the protein. Interestingly, when in contact with plasma deficient of factor VII, both cell lines were not able to activate the coagulation cascade. Conclusions The present study provides the first in vitro observation that tissue factor expressed in melanoma cells may contribute to the modulation of the coagulation state of patients in the treatment with BRAF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Scatena
- 1Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Maria Franzini
- 3Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Sanguinetti
- 3Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nadia Romiti
- 3Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Caponi
- 3Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Haematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Cancer Center Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Giuseppe Naccarato
- 1Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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21
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Meshkani SE, Kooshan N, Moghadam AB, Falanji F, Adli A, Baghbani-Arani F, Arian AG, Rad A. Signaling roadmap to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pterygium, TWIST1 centralized. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18146-18155. [PMID: 30847945 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pterygium as a complex disease shares common features with other malignant cells in its onset recurrence and especially epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transition. Although using different approaches including conjunctival autografts, amniotic membrane, radiotherapy, mitomycin C (MMC) has shown promising insights in the inhibition of pterygium recurrence, it needs to be investigated in more details in molecular pathways to present adjuvant target therapy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of and then illustrate the role of signaling pathways on EMT in pterygium. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, the twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1) expression was compared in primary pterygium and normal conjunctiva. This study assessed the mRNA expression, as well as the association between the clinicopathological indices and the gene expression level. The expression level of TWIST1 was overexpressed in 36% of our cohort ( n = 76). There was a significant positive correlation between recurrence with grade T, grade V and a significant negative correlation with growth activity. Our vast literature review on different signaling pathways in pterygium showed that EMT has centralization role in recurrence of this disease. Our data confirmed that EMT is important in the recurrence of pterygium samples and different signaling pathways end up activating the EMT markers. It is suggested to evaluate the environmental factors and their correlation with molecular markers to select favorable treatment for this kind of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Elyas Meshkani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Narges Kooshan
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | | | - Farahnaz Falanji
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Adli
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Baghbani-Arani
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | | | - Abolfazl Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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22
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Sutherland MR, Simon AY, Shanina I, Horwitz MS, Ruf W, Pryzdial ELG. Virus envelope tissue factor promotes infection in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:482-491. [PMID: 30659719 PMCID: PMC6397068 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Essentials The coagulation initiator, tissue factor (TF), is on the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) surface. HSV1 surface TF was examined in mice as an antiviral target since it enhances infection in vitro. HSV1 surface TF facilitated infection of all organs evaluated and anticoagulants were antiviral. Protease activated receptor 2 inhibited infection in vivo and its pre-activation was antiviral. SUMMARY: Background Tissue factor (TF) is the essential cell surface initiator of coagulation, and mediates cell signaling through protease-activated receptor (PAR) 2. Having a diverse cellular distribution, TF is involved in many biological pathways and pathologies. Our earlier work identified host cell-derived TF on the envelope covering several viruses, and showed its involvement in enhanced cell infection in vitro. Objective In the current study, we evaluated the in vivo effects of virus surface TF on infection and on the related modulator of infection PAR2. Methods With the use of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) as a model enveloped virus, purified HSV1 was generated with or without envelope TF through propagation in a TF-inducible cell line. Infection was studied after intravenous inoculation of BALB/c, C57BL/6J or C57BL/6J PAR2 knockout mice with 5 × 105 plaque-forming units of HSV1, mimicking viremia. Three days after inoculation, organs were processed, and virus was quantified with plaque-forming assays and quantitative real-time PCR. Results Infection of brain, lung, heart, spinal cord and liver by HSV1 required viral TF. Demonstrating promise as a therapeutic target, virus-specific anti-TF mAbs or small-molecule inhibitors of coagulation inhibited infection. PAR2 modulates HSV1 in vivo as demonstrated with PAR2 knockout mice and PAR2 agonist peptide. Conclusion TF is a constituent of many permissive host cell types. Therefore, the results presented here may explain why many viruses are correlated with hemostatic abnormalities, and indicate that TF is a novel pan-specific envelope antiviral target.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anticoagulants/pharmacology
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Herpes Simplex/blood
- Herpes Simplex/drug therapy
- Herpes Simplex/immunology
- Herpes Simplex/virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/drug effects
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/metabolism
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Injections, Intravenous
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptor, PAR-2/genetics
- Receptor, PAR-2/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/virology
- Thromboplastin/administration & dosage
- Thromboplastin/metabolism
- Viral Envelope Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Sutherland
- Canadian Blood Services, Center for Innovation, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ayo Y Simon
- Canadian Blood Services, Center for Innovation, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- African Centre of Excellence on Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology and Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Preclinical Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Iryna Shanina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marc S Horwitz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Edward L G Pryzdial
- Canadian Blood Services, Center for Innovation, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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23
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Prior SM, Park MS, Mann KG, Butenas S. Endogenous Procoagulant Activity in Trauma Patients and Its Relationship to Trauma Severity. TH OPEN 2019; 3:e10-e19. [PMID: 31249976 PMCID: PMC6524897 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1677030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
It has been observed that trauma patients have elevated plasma procoagulant activity that could be assigned to an elevated concentration of tissue factor (TF). However, in many instances there is a discrepancy between the levels of TF and the procoagulant activity observed. We hypothesized that factor XIa (FXIa) could be responsible for this additional activity and that the presence and levels of both proteins could correlate with trauma severity.
Methods
Citrate plasma from 98 trauma patients (47 blunt, 17 penetrating, and 34 thermal) were evaluated in clotting assays for the presence of FXIa and TF activity using respective inhibitory antibodies.
Results
When the three trauma patient groups were divided into two cohorts (Injury Severity Score [ISS] > 25 and ISS ≤ 25), higher frequencies and concentrations of both TF and FXIa were observed for all the more severe injury subgroups.
Conclusions
The majority of trauma patients have active FXIa in their plasma, with a significant fraction having active TF as well. Additionally, both TF and FXIa frequency and concentration directly relate to trauma severity. These data suggest the use of these two proteins as potential markers for the stratification of trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Prior
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Colchester, Vermont, United States
| | - Myung S Park
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Kenneth G Mann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Colchester, Vermont, United States
| | - Saulius Butenas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Colchester, Vermont, United States
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24
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Coagulation biomarkers and prediction of venous thromboembolism and survival in small cell lung cancer: A sub-study of RASTEN - A randomized trial with low molecular weight heparin. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207387. [PMID: 30412630 PMCID: PMC6226210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulation activation and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are hallmarks of cancer; however, there is an unmet need of improved biomarkers for individualized anticoagulant treatment. The present sub-study of the RASTEN trial was designed to explore the role of coagulation biomarkers in predicting VTE risk and outcome in a homogenous cancer patient population. RASTEN is a multicenter, randomized phase-3 trial investigating the survival effect of low molecular weight heparin enoxaparin when added to standard treatment in newly diagnosed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. Plasma collected at baseline, during treatment, and at follow-up was used in this ad hoc sub-study (N = 242). Systemic coagulation was assessed using four assays reflecting various facets of the coagulation system: Total tissue factor (TF); extracellular vesicle associated TF (EV-TF); procoagulant phospholipids (PPL); and thrombin generation (TG). We found small variations of biomarker levels between baseline, during treatment and at follow-up, and appeared independent on low molecular weight heparin treatment. Overall, none of the measured biomarkers at any time-point did significantly associate with VTE incidence, although increased total TF at baseline showed significant association in control patients not receiving low molecular weight heparin (P = 0.03). Increased TG-Peak was significantly associated with decreased overall survival (OS; P = 0.03), especially in patients with extensive disease. Low baseline EV-TF predicted a worse survival in the low molecular weight heparin as compared with the control group (HR 1.42; 95% CI 1.04–1.95; P = 0.03; P for interaction = 0.12). We conclude that the value of the analyzed coagulation biomarkers for the prediction of VTE risk was very limited in SCLC patients. The associations between TG-Peak and EV-TF with patient survival and response to low molecular weight heparin therapy, respectively, warrant further studies on the role of coagulation activation in SCLC aggressiveness.
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25
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Osterloh A. Immune response against rickettsiae: lessons from murine infection models. Med Microbiol Immunol 2017; 206:403-417. [PMID: 28770333 PMCID: PMC5664416 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-017-0514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rickettsiae are small intracellular bacteria that can cause life-threatening febrile diseases. Rickettsioses occur worldwide with increasing incidence. Therefore, a vaccine is highly desired. A prerequisite for the development of a vaccine is the knowledge of the immune response against these bacteria, in particular protective immunity. In recent years murine models of rickettsial infections have been established, and the study of immune response against rickettsiae in mice provided many new insights into protective and pathological immune reactions. This review summarizes the current knowledge about immune mechanisms in protection and pathology in rickettsial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Osterloh
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
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26
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Shaker H, Harrison H, Clarke R, Landberg G, Bundred NJ, Versteeg HH, Kirwan CC. Tissue Factor promotes breast cancer stem cell activity in vitro. Oncotarget 2017; 8:25915-25927. [PMID: 28033108 PMCID: PMC5432226 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells that can self-renew and initiate tumours. The clotting-initiating protein Tissue Factor (TF) promotes metastasis and may be overexpressed in cancer cells with increased CSC activity. We sought to determine whether TF promotes breast CSC activity in vitro using human breast cancer cell lines. TF expression was compared in anoikis-resistant (CSC-enriched) and unselected cells. In cells sorted into of TF-expressing and TF-negative (FACS), and in cells transfected to knockdown TF (siRNA) and overexpress TF (cDNA), CSC activity was compared by (i) mammosphere forming efficiency (MFE) (ii) holoclone colony formation (Hc) and (iii) ALDH1 activity. TF expression was increased in anoikis-resistant and high ALDH1-activity T47D cells compared to unselected cells. FACS sorted TF-expressing T47Ds and TF-overexpressing MCF7s had increased CSC activity compared to TF-low cells. TF siRNA cells (MDAMB231,T47D) had reduced CSC activity compared to control cells. FVIIa increased MFE and ALDH1 in a dose-dependent manner (MDAMB231, T47D). The effects of FVIIa on MFE were abrogated by TF siRNA (T47D). Breast CSCs (in vitro) demonstrate increased activity when selected for high TF expression, when induced to overexpress TF, and when stimulated (with FVIIa). Targeting the TF pathway in vivo may abrogate CSC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudhaifah Shaker
- The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Department of Academic Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hannah Harrison
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert Clarke
- Breast Biology Group, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Goran Landberg
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nigel J. Bundred
- The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Department of Academic Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Henri H. Versteeg
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cliona C. Kirwan
- The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Department of Academic Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
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27
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Gajsiewicz JM, Morrissey JH. Structure-Function Relationship of the Interaction between Tissue Factor and Factor VIIa. Semin Thromb Hemost 2015; 41:682-90. [PMID: 26408924 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1564044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between tissue factor and factor VIIa are the primary initiators of coagulation in hemostasis and certain thrombotic diseases. Tissue factor, an integral membrane protein expressed extensively outside of the vasculature, is the regulatory protein cofactor for coagulation factor VIIa. Factor VIIa, a trypsin-like serine protease homologous with other blood coagulation proteases, is weakly active when free in solution and must bind its membrane-bound cofactor for physiologically relevant activity. Tissue factor allosterically activates factor VIIa by several mechanisms such as active site positioning, spatial stabilization, and direct interactions with the substrate. Protein-membrane interactions between tissue factor, factor VIIa, and substrates all play critical roles in modulating the activity of this enzyme complex. Additionally, divalent cations such as Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) are critical for correct protein folding, as well as protein-membrane and protein-protein interactions. The contributions of these factors toward tissue factor-factor VIIa activity are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James H Morrissey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
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