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Lee NW, Kim YM, Kim YH, Kang SJ, Jang KM, Kim HS, Moon JE, Kim JK. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in children and adolescents with diabetes in Daegu, South Korea. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 29:167-173. [PMID: 38956753 PMCID: PMC11220390 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2346124.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Children with comorbidities have a higher risk of severe, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study investigated the clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 in children and adolescents with diabetes between January and March 2022. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 123 children and adolescents (73 with type 1 diabetes and 50 with type 2 diabetes, 59 males and 64 females) aged <18 years who had been diagnosed with diabetes. Data were collected from 7 academic medical centers in Daegu, South Korea. RESULTS Thirty-five children with diabetes were diagnosed with COVID-19 (18 with type 1 and 17 with type 2 diabetes). Eighteen of the 35 children with diabetes and COVID-19 and 50 of the 88 children with diabetes alone received a COVID-19 vaccination. No significant differences were observed between patients with diabetes and COVID-19 and patients with diabetes alone in the type of diabetes diagnosed, sex, age, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, or vaccination status. All children with diabetes and COVID-19 had mild clinical features and were safely managed in their homes. Fourteen children had a fever of 38℃ or higher that lasted for more than 2 days, 11 of whom were not vaccinated (p=0.004). None experienced post-COVID-19 conditions. CONCLUSION All children and adolescents with pre-existing diabetes had mild symptoms of COVID-19 due to low disease severity, high vaccination rates, uninterrupted access to medical care, and continuous glucose monitoring. Unvaccinated children with diabetes who experienced COVID-19 presented with higher and more frequent fevers compared to vaccinated children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Won Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Daegu Catholic University Hospital, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - You-Min Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Daegu Catholic University Hospital, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Daegu Catholic University Hospital, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Keimyung University Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yeungnam University Hospital, Yeungnam University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hae-Sook Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Daegu Catholic University Hospital, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Ng HY, Chan LTW. Prediabetes in children and adolescents: An updated review. World J Clin Pediatr 2023; 12:263-272. [PMID: 38178932 PMCID: PMC10762598 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes, the precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus, is an intermediate stage between normal glucose homeostasis and overt diabetes. This asymptomatic metabolic state is increasingly prevalent in pediatric population and is very difficult to detect without appropriate screening. Studies have shown that a certain proportion of children with prediabetes will develop diabetes in a few years. Even more alarming is the evidence that youth-onset diabetes has a more aggressive clinical course with progressive beta-cell decline and accelerated end-organ damage. Despite its importance, several aspects involving prediabetes in childhood are disputed or unknown. This review presents the latest insights into this challenging entity and outlines a simplified screening approach to aid clinical practice. In summary, childhood prediabetes is an important clinical condition indicating the need for proper screening and timely intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Yung Ng
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Louis Tsz Wang Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Cheon CK. Commentary on "Glycemic control and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak". Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 28:233-234. [PMID: 38173378 PMCID: PMC10765030 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2322107edi009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Kun Cheon
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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Kim M. Commentary on "New-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Paediatric Emergency Department: impact of the COVID-19 pandemic". Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 28:157-158. [PMID: 37798891 PMCID: PMC10556440 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2323044edi08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Korea Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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Calcaterra V, Tagi VM, De Santis R, Biuso A, Taranto S, D’Auria E, Zuccotti G. Endocrinological Involvement in Children and Adolescents Affected by COVID-19: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5248. [PMID: 37629291 PMCID: PMC10455095 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the advent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, an increased incidence of several endocrinological anomalies in acute-phase and/or long-term complications has been described. The aim of this review is to provide a broad overview of the available literature regarding changes in the worldwide epidemiology of endocrinological involvement in children since December 2019 and to report the evidence supporting its association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although little is known regarding the involvement of endocrine organs during COVID-19 in children, the current evidence in adults and epidemiological studies on the pediatric population suggest the presence of a causal association between the virus and endocrinopathies. Untreated transient thyroid dysfunction, sick euthyroid syndrome, nonthyroidal illness syndrome, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and central precocious puberty have been observed in children in acute infection and/or during multisystem inflammatory syndrome development. Furthermore, a higher frequency of ketoacidosis at onset in children with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is reported in the literature. Although the direct association between COVID-19 and endocrinological involvement has not been confirmed yet, data on the development of different endocrinopathies in children, both during acute infection and as a result of its long-term complications, have been reported. This information is of primary importance to guide the management of patients with previous or current COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.M.T.); (R.D.S.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (E.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Veronica Maria Tagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.M.T.); (R.D.S.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (E.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Raffaella De Santis
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.M.T.); (R.D.S.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (E.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Andrea Biuso
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.M.T.); (R.D.S.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (E.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Silvia Taranto
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.M.T.); (R.D.S.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (E.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Enza D’Auria
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.M.T.); (R.D.S.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (E.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.M.T.); (R.D.S.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (E.D.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Fotea S, Ghiciuc CM, Stefanescu G, Cianga AL, Mihai CM, Lupu A, Butnariu LI, Starcea IM, Salaru DL, Mocanu A, Chisnoiu T, Thet AA, Miron L, Lupu VV. Pediatric COVID-19 and Diabetes: An Investigation into the Intersection of Two Pandemics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2436. [PMID: 37510181 PMCID: PMC10378192 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a complex infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and it currently represents a worldwide public health emergency. The pediatric population is less prone to develop severe COVID-19 infection, but children presenting underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, are thought to be at increased risk of developing more severe forms of COVID-19. Diabetic children face new challenges when infected with SARS-CoV-2. On one hand, the glycemic values become substantially more difficult to manage as COVID-19 is a predisposing factor for hyperglycemia. On the other hand, alongside other risk factors, high glycemic values are incriminated in modulating immune and inflammatory responses, leading to potentially severe COVID-19 cases in the pediatric population. Also, there are hypotheses of SARS-CoV-2 being diabetogenic itself, but this information is still to be confirmed. Furthermore, it is reported that there was a noticeable increase in the number of cases of new-onset type 2 diabetes among the pediatric population, and the complications in these patients with COVID-19 include the risk of developing autoimmune diseases under the influence of stress. Additionally, children with diabetes mellitus are confronted with lifestyle changes dictated by the pandemic, which can potentially lead to the onset or exacerbation of a potential underlying anxiety disorder or depression. Since the literature contains a series of unknowns related to the impact of COVID-19 in both types of diabetes in children, the purpose of our work is to bring together the data obtained so far and to identify potential knowledge gaps and areas for future investigation regarding COVID-19 and the onset of diabetes type 1 or type 2 among the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fotea
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Ghiciuc
- Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algeziology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Stefanescu
- I-st Medical Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Lavinia Cianga
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Maria Mihai
- Pediatrics, Faculty of General Medicine, Ovidius University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Lacramioara Ionela Butnariu
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iuliana Magdalena Starcea
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Delia Lidia Salaru
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adriana Mocanu
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Tatiana Chisnoiu
- Pediatrics, Faculty of General Medicine, Ovidius University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Aye Aung Thet
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Lucian Miron
- III-rd Medical Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Abdullahi M, Uzairu A, Shallangwa GA, Mamza PA, Ibrahim MT, Ahmad I, Patel H. Structure-based drug design, molecular dynamics simulation, ADMET, and quantum chemical studies of some thiazolinones targeting influenza neuraminidase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13829-13843. [PMID: 37158006 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2208225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The genetic mutability of the influenza virus leads to the existence of drug-resistant strains which is dangerous, particularly with the lingering coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This necessitated the need for the search and discovery of more potential anti-influenza agents to avert future outbreaks. In furtherance of our previous in-silico studies on 5-benzyl-4-thiazolinones as anti-influenza neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors, molecule 11 was selected as the template scaffold for the structure-based drug design due to its good binding, pharmacokinetic profiling, and better NA inhibitory activity. As such, eighteen (18) new molecules (11a-r) were designed with better MolDock scores as compared with the template scaffold and the zanamivir reference drug. However, the dynamic stability of molecule 11a in the binding cavity of the NA target (3TI5) showed water-mediated hydrogen and hydrophobic bondings with the active residues such as Arg118, Ile149, Arg152, Ile222, Trp403, and Ile427 after the MD simulation for 100 ns. The drug-likeness and ADMET assessment of all designed molecules predicted non-violation of the stipulated thresholds of Lipinski's rule and good pharmacokinetic properties respectively. In addition, the quantum chemical calculations also suggested the significant chemical reactivity of molecules with their smaller band energy gap, high electrophilicity, high softness, and low hardness. The results obtained in this study proposed a reliable in-silico viewpoint for anti-influenza drug discovery and development.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Abdullahi
- Faculty of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Adamu Uzairu
- Faculty of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Gideon Adamu Shallangwa
- Faculty of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Paul Andrew Mamza
- Faculty of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Tukur Ibrahim
- Faculty of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
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