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Michel ZD, Aitken SF, Glover OD, Alejandro LO, Randazzo D, Dambkowski C, Martin D, Collins MT, Somerman MJ, Chu EY. Infigratinib, a selective FGFR1-3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, alters dentoalveolar development at high doses. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1428-1448. [PMID: 37435833 PMCID: PMC10784415 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3) gain-of-function mutations are linked to achondroplasia. Infigratinib, a FGFR1-3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, improves skeletal growth in an achondroplasia mouse model. FGFs and their receptors have critical roles in developing teeth, yet effects of infigratinib on tooth development have not been assessed. Dentoalveolar and craniofacial phenotype of Wistar rats dosed with low (0.1 mg/kg) and high (1.0 mg/kg) dose infigratinib were evaluated using micro-computed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Mandibular third molars were reduced in size and exhibited aberrant crown and root morphology in 100% of female rats and 80% of male rats at high doses. FGFR3 and FGF18 immunolocalization and extracellular matrix protein expression were unaffected, but cathepsin K (CTSK) was altered by infigratinib. Cranial vault bones exhibited alterations in dimension, volume, and density that were more pronounced in females. In both sexes, interfrontal sutures were significantly more patent with high dose vs vehicle. CONCLUSIONS High dose infigratinib administered to rats during early stages affects dental and craniofacial development. Changes in CTSK from infigratinib in female rats suggest FGFR roles in bone homeostasis. While dental and craniofacial disruptions are not expected at therapeutic doses, our findings confirm the importance of dental monitoring in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Michel
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah F Aitken
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Omar D Glover
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lucy O Alejandro
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Davide Randazzo
- Light Imaging Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - David Martin
- QED Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael T Collins
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Martha J Somerman
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Y Chu
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Division of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Hopkinson M, Jones G, Evans L, Gohin S, Magnusdottir R, Salmon P, Chenu C, Meeson R, Javaheri B, Pitsillides AA. A new method for segmentation and analysis of bone callus in rodent fracture models using micro-CT. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:1717-1728. [PMID: 36582023 PMCID: PMC10947128 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fracture burden has created a need to better understand bone repair processes under different pathophysiological states. Evaluation of structural and material properties of the mineralized callus, which is integral to restoring biomechanical stability is, therefore, vital. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) can facilitate noninvasive imaging of fracture repair, however, current methods for callus segmentation are only semiautomated, restricted to defined regions, time/labor intensive, and prone to user variation. Herein, we share a new automatic method for segmenting callus in micro-CT tomograms that will allow for objective, quantitative analysis of the bone fracture microarchitecture. Fractured and nonfractured mouse femurs were scanned and processed by both manual and automated segmentation of fracture callus from cortical bone after which microarchitectural parameters were analyzed. All segmentation and analysis steps were performed using CTAn (Bruker) with automatic segmentation performed using the software's image-processing plugins. Results showed automatic segmentation reliably and consistently segmented callus from cortical bone, demonstrating good agreement with manual methods with low bias: tissue volume (TV): -0.320 mm3 , bone volume (BV): 0.0358 mm3 , and bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV): -3.52%, and was faster and eliminated user-bias and variation. Method scalability and translatability across rodent models were verified in scans of fractured rat femora showing good agreement with manual methods with low bias: TV: -3.654 mm3 , BV: 0.830 mm3 , and BV/TV: 7.81%. Together, these data validate a new automated method for segmentation of callus and cortical bone in micro-CT tomograms that we share as a fast, reliable, and less user-dependent tool for application to study bone callus in fracture, and potentially elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hopkinson
- Comparative Biological SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Gareth Jones
- Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Lucinda Evans
- Comparative Biological SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Stephanie Gohin
- Comparative Biological SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | | | | | - Chantal Chenu
- Comparative Biological SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Richard Meeson
- Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
- Division of SurgeryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Behzad Javaheri
- Comparative Biological SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
- Present address:
School of Mathematics, Computer Science and EngineeringCity University of LondonLondonUK
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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4
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Xu M, Huang J, Jin M, Jiang W, Luo F, Tan Q, Zhang R, Luo X, Kuang L, Zhang D, Liang S, Qi H, Chen H, Ni Z, Su N, Yang J, Du X, Chen B, Deng C, Xie Y, Chen L. Expansion of FGFR3-positive nucleus pulposus cells plays important roles in postnatal nucleus pulposus growth and regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:227. [PMID: 35659742 PMCID: PMC9166488 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) can cause low back pain, a major public health concern. IVDD is characterized with loss of cells especially those in nucleus pulposus (NP), due to the limited proliferative potential and regenerative ability. Few studies, however, have been carried out to investigate the in vivo proliferation events of NP cells and the cellular contribution of a specific subpopulation of NP during postnatal growth or regeneration. METHODS We generated FGFR3-3*Flag-IRES-GFP mice and crossed FGFR3-CreERT2 mice with Rosa26-mTmG, Rosa26-DTA and Rosa26-Confetti mice, respectively, to perform inducible genetic tracing studies. RESULTS Expression of FGFR3 was found in the outer region of NP with co-localized expressions of proliferating markers. By fate mapping studies, FGFR3-positive (FGFR3+) NP cells were found proliferate from outer region to inner region of NP during postnatal growth. Clonal lineage tracing by Confetti mice and ablation of FGFR3·+ NP cells by DTA mice further revealed that the expansion of the FGFR3+ cells was required for the morphogenesis and homeostasis of postnatal NP. Moreover, in degeneration and regeneration model of mouse intervertebral disc, FGFR3+ NP cells underwent extensive expansion during the recovery stage. CONCLUSION Our present work demonstrates that FGFR3+ NP cells are novel subpopulation of postnatal NP with long-existing proliferative capacity shaping the adult NP structure and participating in the homeostasis maintenance and intrinsic repair of NP. These findings may facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches for IVD regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
| | - Junlan Huang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Wanling Jiang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Fengtao Luo
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ruobin Zhang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiaoqing Luo
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Liang Kuang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Dali Zhang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Sen Liang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Huabing Qi
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Nan Su
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiaolan Du
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuxia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Laboratory of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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Chen K, Rao Z, Dong S, Chen Y, Wang X, Luo Y, Gong F, Li X. Roles of the fibroblast growth factor signal transduction system in tissue injury repair. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkac005. [PMID: 35350443 PMCID: PMC8946634 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Following injury, tissue autonomously initiates a complex repair process, resulting in either partial recovery or regeneration of tissue architecture and function in most organisms. Both the repair and regeneration processes are highly coordinated by a hierarchy of interplay among signal transduction pathways initiated by different growth factors, cytokines and other signaling molecules under normal conditions. However, under chronic traumatic or pathological conditions, the reparative or regenerative process of most tissues in different organs can lose control to different extents, leading to random, incomplete or even flawed cell and tissue reconstitution and thus often partial restoration of the original structure and function, accompanied by the development of fibrosis, scarring or even pathogenesis that could cause organ failure and death of the organism. Ample evidence suggests that the various combinatorial fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and receptor signal transduction systems play prominent roles in injury repair and the remodeling of adult tissues in addition to embryonic development and regulation of metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we attempt to provide a brief update on our current understanding of the roles, the underlying mechanisms and clinical application of FGFs in tissue injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siyang Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
- Department of breast surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yajing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xulan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yongde Luo
- Correspondence. Xiaokun Li, ; Fanghua Gong, ; Yongde Luo,
| | - Fanghua Gong
- Correspondence. Xiaokun Li, ; Fanghua Gong, ; Yongde Luo,
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Correspondence. Xiaokun Li, ; Fanghua Gong, ; Yongde Luo,
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6
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Knox AM, McGuire AC, Natoli RM, Kacena MA, Collier CD. Methodology, selection, and integration of fracture healing assessments in mice. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2295-2309. [PMID: 34436797 PMCID: PMC8542592 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Long bone fractures are one of the most common and costly medical conditions encountered after trauma. Characterization of the biology of fracture healing and development of potential medical interventions generally involves animal models of fracture healing using varying genetic or treatment groups, then analyzing relative repair success via the synthesis of diverse assessment methodologies. Murine models are some of the most widely used given their low cost, wide variety of genetic variants, and rapid breeding and maturation. This review addresses key concerns regarding fracture repair investigations in mice and may serve as a guide in conducting and interpreting such studies. Specifically, this review details the procedures, highlights relevant parameters, and discusses special considerations for the selection and integration of the major modalities used for quantifying fracture repair in such studies, including X-ray, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometric, biomechanical, gene expression and biomarker analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Knox
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Anthony C. McGuire
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Roman M. Natoli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, IN, USA
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7
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Yao B, Wang C, Zhou Z, Zhang M, Zhao D, Bai X, Leng X. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the main beam and brow tine of sika deer antler provides insights into the molecular control of rapid antler growth. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:42. [PMID: 32944020 PMCID: PMC7487962 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deer antlers have become a valuable model for biomedical research due to the capacities of regeneration and rapid growth. However, the molecular mechanism of rapid antler growth remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to compare and explore the molecular control exerted by the main beam and brow tine during rapid antler growth. Methods The main beams and brow tines of sika deer antlers were collected from Chinese sika deer (Cervus nippon) at the rapid growth stage. Comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted using RNA-Seq technology. Differential expression was assessed using the DEGseq package. Functional Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was accomplished using a rigorous algorithm according to the GO Term Finder tool, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis was accomplished with the R function phyper, followed by the hypergeometric test and Bonferroni correction. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out to verify the RNA levels for differentially expressed mRNAs. Results The expression levels of 16 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in chondrogenesis and cartilage development were identified as significantly upregulated in the main beams, including transcription factor SOX-9 (Sox9), collagen alpha-1(II) chain (Col2a1), aggrecan core protein (Acan), etc. However, the expression levels of 17 DEGs involved in endochondral ossification and bone formation were identified as significantly upregulated in the brow tines, including collagen alpha-1(X) chain (Col10a1), osteopontin (Spp1) and bone sialoprotein 2 (Ibsp), etc. Conclusion These results suggest that the antler main beam has stronger growth capacity involved in chondrogenesis and cartilage development compared to the brow tine during rapid antler growth, which is mainly achieved through regulation of Sox9 and its target genes, whereas the antler brow tine has stronger capacities of endochondral bone formation and resorption compared to the main beam during rapid antler growth, which is mainly achieved through the genes involved in regulating osteoblast and osteoclast activities. Thus, the current research has deeply expanded our understanding of the intrinsic molecular regulation displayed by the main beam and brow tine during rapid antler growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Yao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 Jilin China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- College of traditional Chinese medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Zhenwei Zhou
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 Jilin China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Innovation Practice Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 Jilin China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 Jilin China
| | - Xueyuan Bai
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 Jilin China
| | - Xiangyang Leng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 Jilin China
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8
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Xie Y, Su N, Yang J, Tan Q, Huang S, Jin M, Ni Z, Zhang B, Zhang D, Luo F, Chen H, Sun X, Feng JQ, Qi H, Chen L. FGF/FGFR signaling in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:181. [PMID: 32879300 PMCID: PMC7468161 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidences suggest that the fibroblast growth factor/FGF receptor (FGF/FGFR) signaling has crucial roles in a multitude of processes during embryonic development and adult homeostasis by regulating cellular lineage commitment, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of various types of cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of FGF signaling and its roles in organ development, injury repair, and the pathophysiology of spectrum of diseases, which is a consequence of FGF signaling dysregulation, including cancers and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this context, the agonists and antagonists for FGF-FGFRs might have therapeutic benefits in multiple systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangli Xie
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dali Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengtao Luo
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianding Sun
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Huabing Qi
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Chen M, Luo D, Zhan J, Hou Y, Chen S, Li X, Lin D. Fasudil enhanced differentiation of BMSCs in vivo and vitro, involvement of P38 signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 317:108944. [PMID: 31935364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a well-known donor graft source due to their potential for self-renewal and differentiation into multi-lineage cell types, including osteoblasts that are critical for fracture healing. Fasudil (FAS), a Rho kinase inhibitor, has been proven to induce the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) into neuron-like cells. However, its role in the osteogenesis of BMSCs remain uncertain. Herein, we for the first time studied the effects of FAS on osteogenic differentiation in a mouse fracture model and further explored the involved mechanisms in mouse BMSCs. The results showed that FAS stimulated bone formation in the fracture mouse model. Additionally, at 30 μM, FAS significantly promotes alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization, and the expression of osteogenic markers COL-1, RUNX2 and OCN in murine BMSCs. Blocking of P38 by SB202190 significantly reversed the effects of FAS, in vitro, suggesting that P38, but not ERK or JNK activation is required for FAS-induced osteogenesis. Collectively, our results indicate that FAS may be a promising agent for promoting fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Chen
- Research Laboratory of Spine Degenerative Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Laboratory of Osteology and Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Research Laboratory of Spine Degenerative Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Laboratory of Osteology and Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jiheng Zhan
- Laboratory of Osteology and Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Second College of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Research Laboratory of Spine Degenerative Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Laboratory of Osteology and Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Shudong Chen
- Research Laboratory of Spine Degenerative Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Laboratory of Osteology and Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xing Li
- Research Laboratory of Spine Degenerative Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Laboratory of Osteology and Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Dingkun Lin
- Research Laboratory of Spine Degenerative Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Laboratory of Osteology and Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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Current and Future Concepts for the Treatment of Impaired Fracture Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225805. [PMID: 31752267 PMCID: PMC6888215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration represents a complex process, of which basic biologic principles have been evolutionarily conserved over a broad range of different species. Bone represents one of few tissues that can heal without forming a fibrous scar and, as such, resembles a unique form of tissue regeneration. Despite a tremendous improvement in surgical techniques in the past decades, impaired bone regeneration including non-unions still affect a significant number of patients with fractures. As impaired bone regeneration is associated with high socio-economic implications, it is an essential clinical need to gain a full understanding of the pathophysiology and identify novel treatment approaches. This review focuses on the clinical implications of impaired bone regeneration, including currently available treatment options. Moreover, recent advances in the understanding of fracture healing are discussed, which have resulted in the identification and development of novel therapeutic approaches for affected patients.
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