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Khatoon S, Das N, Chattopadhyay S, Joharapurkar A, Singh A, Patel V, Nirwan A, Kumar A, Mugale MN, Mishra DP, Kumaravelu J, Guha R, Jain MR, Chattopadhyay N, Sanyal S. Apigenin-6-C-glucoside ameliorates MASLD in rodent models via selective agonism of adiponectin receptor 2. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176800. [PMID: 38950835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Adiponectin plays key roles in energy metabolism and ameliorates inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction via its primary receptors, adiponectin receptors -1 and 2 (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). Systemic depletion of adiponectin causes various metabolic disorders, including MASLD; however adiponectin supplementation is not yet achievable owing to its large size and oligomerization-associated complexities. Small-molecule AdipoR agonists, thus, may provide viable therapeutic options against metabolic disorders. Using a novel luciferase reporter-based assay here, we have identified Apigenin-6-C-glucoside (ACG), but not apigenin, as a specific agonist for the liver-rich AdipoR isoform, AdipoR2 (EC50: 384 pM) with >10000X preference over AdipoR1. Immunoblot analysis in HEK-293 overexpressing AdipoR2 or HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 liver cell lines revealed rapid AMPK, p38 activation and induction of typical AdipoR targets PGC-1α and PPARα by ACG at a pharmacologically relevant concentration of 100 nM (reported cMax in mouse; 297 nM). ACG-mediated AdipoR2 activation culminated in a favorable modulation of key metabolic events, including decreased inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, de novo lipogenesis, and increased fatty acid β-oxidation as determined by immunoblotting, QRT-PCR and extracellular flux analysis. AdipoR2 depletion or AMPK/p38 inhibition dampened these effects. The in vitro results were recapitulated in two different murine models of MASLD, where ACG at 10 mg/kg body weight robustly reduced hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, proinflammatory macrophage numbers, and increased hepatic glycogen content. Together, using in vitro experiments and rodent models, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept for AdipoR2 as a therapeutic target for MASLD and provide novel chemicobiological insights for the generation of translation-worthy pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Khatoon
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Nabanita Das
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sourav Chattopadhyay
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | | | - Abhinav Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Vishal Patel
- Zydus Research Center, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhishek Nirwan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Durga Prasad Mishra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Jagavelu Kumaravelu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Rajdeep Guha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Laboratory Animal Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | | | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Ashiqueali SA, Zhu X, Wiesenborn DS, Gesing A, Schneider A, Noureddine SA, Correa-Garcia CG, Masternak MM, Siddiqi SA. Calorie restriction and life-extending mutation downregulate miR-34a to facilitate lipid metabolism in the liver. Exp Gerontol 2024; 194:112506. [PMID: 38945410 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Ames dwarf mice (df/df) display delayed aging relative to their normal (N) siblings, living approximately 40-60 % longer. As such, investigating the mechanisms that enable these organisms to have extended lifespan is useful for the development of interventions to slow aging and deter age-related disease. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition that is characterized by the accumulation of excess adipose tissue in the liver. Previous studies highlight the potential of calorie restriction (CR) in promoting longevity, but little is known about its effects on the biomolecular processes that govern NAFLD. In this study, we examined the role of 6-month CR on genes regulating lipid metabolism in the livers of long-living df/df mice and their N littermates. Importantly, our findings showed significant downregulation of miR-34a-5p in N-CR mice and df/df mice regardless of dietary regimen. Alongside, our RT-PCR results indicated that downregulation of miR-34a-5p is correlated with the expression of metabolism-associated mRNAs involved in modulating the processes of de novo lipogenesis (DNL), fatty acid oxidation (FAO), very-low density lipoprotein transport (VLDL-T), and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). To further verify the role of miR-34a-5p in regulating metabolic processes, we transfected the human liver cancer (HepG2) cell line with miR-34a mimic, and studied its effect on direct targets Sirt1, Ampk, and Ppara as well as downstream lipid transport regulating genes. Our findings suggest that CR and df/df life extending mutation are robust drivers of the miR-34a-5p signaling pathway and prevent the pathogenesis of age-related diseases by improving overall lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Ashiqueali
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Denise S Wiesenborn
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Department of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Adam Gesing
- Department of Endocrinology of Ageing, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Augusto Schneider
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Sarah A Noureddine
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Christian G Correa-Garcia
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Department of Medicine, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Michal M Masternak
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Shadab A Siddiqi
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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Henin G, Loumaye A, Deldicque L, Leclercq IA, Lanthier N. Unlocking liver health: Can tackling myosteatosis spark remission in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease? Liver Int 2024; 44:1781-1796. [PMID: 38623714 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Myosteatosis is highly prevalent in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and could reciprocally impact liver function. Decreasing muscle fat could be indirectly hepatoprotective in MASLD. We conducted a review to identify interventions reducing myosteatosis and their impact on liver function. Non-pharmacological interventions included diet (caloric restriction or lipid enrichment), bariatric surgery and physical activity. Caloric restriction in humans achieving a mean weight loss of 3% only reduces muscle fat. Lipid-enriched diet increases liver fat in human with no impact on muscle fat, except sphingomyelin-enriched diet which reduces both lipid contents exclusively in pre-clinical studies. Bariatric surgery, hybrid training (resistance exercise and electric stimulation) or whole-body vibration in human decrease both liver and muscle fat. Physical activity impacts both phenotypes by reducing local and systemic inflammation, enhancing insulin sensitivity and modulating the expression of key mediators of the muscle-liver-adipose tissue axis. The combination of diet and physical activity acts synergistically in liver, muscle and white adipose tissue, and further decrease muscle and liver fat. Several pharmacological interventions (patchouli alcohol, KBP-089, 2,4-dinitrophenol methyl ether, adipoRon and atglistatin) and food supplementation (vitamin D or resveratrol) improve liver and muscle phenotypes in pre-clinical studies by increasing fatty acid oxidation and anti-inflammatory properties. These interventions are effective in reducing myosteatosis in MASLD while addressing the liver disease itself. This review supports that disturbances in inter-organ crosstalk are key pathophysiological mechanisms involved in MASLD and myosteatosis pathogenesis. Focusing on the skeletal muscle might offer new therapeutic strategies to treat MASLD by modulating the interactions between liver and muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Henin
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepatogastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Loumaye
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Isabelle A Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepatogastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lanthier
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepatogastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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Yahya MA, Alshammari GM, Osman MA, Al-Harbi LN, Yagoub AEA, AlSedairy SA. Liquorice root extract and isoliquiritigenin attenuate high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and damage in rats by regulating AMPK. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:385-400. [PMID: 36121371 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2022.2102654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study compared the ability of Liquorice roots aqueous extract (LRE) and its ingredient, isoliquiritigenin (ISL), in alleviating high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis and examined if this effect involves activation of AMPK.Materials and methods: Control or HFD-fed rats were treated with the vehicle, LRE (200 mg/kg), or ISL (30 mg/kg) for 8 weeks orally.Results: ISL and LRE reduced HFD-induced hyperglycaemia, improved liver structure, lowered serum and hepatic lipids, and attenuated hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. In the control and HFD-fed rats, ISL and LRE significantly stimulated the muscular and hepatic mRNA and protein levels of AMPK, improved oral glucose tolerance, reduced hepatic mRNA levels of SREBP1/2, and upregulated hepatic levels of PPARα and Bcl2. These effects were comparable for ISL and LRE and were prevented by co-administration of compound C, an AMPK inhibitor.Discussion and conclusion: ISL and LRE provide an effective theory to alleviate hepatic steatosis through activating AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi A Osman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Naif Al-Harbi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abu ElGasim A Yagoub
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Abdulaziz AlSedairy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wang Q, Zhu K, Zhang A. SIRT1-mediated tunnelling nanotubes may be a potential intervention target for arsenic-induced hepatocyte senescence and liver damage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174502. [PMID: 38971248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic, a widespread environmental poison, can cause significant liver damage upon exposure. Mitochondria are the most sensitive organelles to external factors. Dysfunctional mitochondria play a crucial role in cellular senescence and liver damage. Tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs), membrane structures formed between cells, with fibrous actin (F-actin) serving as the scaffold, facilitate mitochondrial transfer between cells. Notably, TNTs mediate the delivery of healthy mitochondria to damaged cells, thereby mitigating cellular damage. Although limited studies have suggested that F-actin may be modulated by the longevity gene SIRT1, the association between arsenic-induced liver damage and this mechanism remains unexplored. The findings of the current study indicate that arsenic suppresses SIRT1 and F-actin in the rat liver and MIHA cells, impeding the formation of TNTs and mitochondrial transfer between MIHA cells, thereby playing a pivotal role in mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence and liver damage induced by arsenic. Notably, increasing SIRT1 levels effectively mitigated liver mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence triggered by arsenic, highlighting SIRT1's crucial regulatory function. This research provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying arsenic-induced liver damage, paving the way for the development of targeted preventive and therapeutic drugs to address arsenic-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, Guizhou, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases, Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, Guizhou, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases, Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang S, Tuo P, Ji Y, Huang Z, Xiong Z, Li H, Ruan C. Identification of 1-Methylnicotinamide as a specific biomarker for the progression of cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:310. [PMID: 38890166 PMCID: PMC11189347 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignant tumor, often arising from hepatitis induced by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in China. However, effective biomarkers for early diagnosis are lacking, leading to a 5-year overall survival rate of less than 20% among patients with advanced HCC. This study aims to identify serum biomarkers for early HCC diagnosis to enhance patient survival rates. METHODS We established an independent cohort comprising 27 healthy individuals, 13 patients with HBV-induced cirrhosis, 13 patients with hepatitis B-type HCC, and 8 patients who progressed from cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma during follow-up. Serum metabolic abnormalities during the progression from cirrhosis to HCC were studied using untargeted metabolomics. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics methods characterized the subjects' serum metabolic profiles. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was employed to elucidate metabolic profile changes during the progression from cirrhosis to HCC. Differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between cirrhosis and HCC groups were identified using the LIMMA package in the R language. Two machine learning algorithms, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), and Random Forest Classifier (RF), were used to identify key metabolic biomarkers involved in the progression from cirrhosis to HCC. Key metabolic biomarkers were further validated using targeted metabolomics in a new independent validation cohort comprising 25 healthy individuals and 25 patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS A total of 155 serum metabolites were identified, of which 21/54 metabolites exhibited significant changes in HCC patients compared with cirrhosis patients and healthy individuals, respectively. PLS-DA clustering results demonstrated a significant change trend in the serum metabolic profile of patients with HBV-induced cirrhosis during the progression to HCC. Utilizing LASSO regression and RF algorithms, we confirmed 10 key metabolic biomarkers. Notably, 1-Methylnicotinamide (1-MNAM) exhibited a persistent and significant decrease in healthy individuals, cirrhosis, and HCC patients. Moreover, 1-MNAM levels in developing patients were significantly higher during the cirrhosis stage than in the HCC stage. Targeted metabolomic validation in an external cohort further confirmed the good diagnostic performance of 1-MNAM in early HCC detection. CONCLUSION Our findings imply that 1-MNAM may be a specific biomarker for the progression of cirrhosis to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Zhang
- Centre for Medical Research, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Ping Tuo
- Centre for Medical Research, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Yuanye Ji
- Centre for Medical Research, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Zuoan Huang
- Centre for Medical Research, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Zi Xiong
- Centre for Medical Research, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Hongshan Li
- Liver Disease Department of Integrative Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China.
| | - Chunyan Ruan
- Centre for Medical Research, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China.
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Zhuge H, Pan Y, Lai S, Chang K, Ding Q, Cao W, Song Q, Li S, Dou X, Ding B. Penthorum chinense Pursh extract ameliorates alcohol-related fatty liver disease in mice via the SIRT1/AMPK signaling axis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31195. [PMID: 38832279 PMCID: PMC11145240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Penthorum chinense Pursh (P. chinense), a functional food, has been applied to protect the liver against alcohol-related fatty liver disease (ALD) for a long history in China. This study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative activity of the polyphenolic fraction in P. chinense (PGF) depending on the relief of ALD. The ALD mouse model was established by exposing the mice to a Lieber-DeCarli alcohol liquid diet. We found that PGF administration significantly ameliorated alcohol-induced liver injury, steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in mice. Furthermore, alcohol-increased levels of the critical hepatic lipid synthesis proteins sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor (SREBP-1) and diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) were attenuated by PGF. Similarly, PGF inhibited the expression of the lipid transport protein very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR). Interestingly, PGF restored alcohol-inhibited expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), essential fatty acid β-oxidation proteins. Mechanistic studies revealed that PGF protects against alcohol-induced hepatocyte injury and lipid deposition via the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway. In sum, this research clearly demonstrated the protective effects of PGF against ALD, which was mediated by activating SIRT1/AMPK pathways in hepatocytes. We provide a new theoretical basis for using P. chinense as a functional food in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhuge
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yan Pan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Shanglei Lai
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Kaixin Chang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qinchao Ding
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Wenjing Cao
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Song
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songtao Li
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Bin Ding
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
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Ding Z, Zhang J, Choudhury M. A High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet Exacerbates Liver Dysfunction by Regulating Sirtuins in a Murine Model. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:729. [PMID: 38929712 PMCID: PMC11205069 DOI: 10.3390/life14060729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is rapidly emerging as the most prevalent chronic liver disease, closely linked to the escalating rates of diabesity. The Western diet's abundance of fat and fructose significantly contributes to MASLD, disrupting hepatic glucose metabolism. We previously demonstrated that a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFHFD) led to increased body and liver weight compared to the low-fat diet (LFD) group, accompanied by glucose intolerance and liver abnormalities, indicating an intermediate state between fatty liver and liver fibrosis in the HFHFD group. Sirtuins are crucial epigenetic regulators associated with energy homeostasis and play a pivotal role in these hepatic dysregulations. Our investigation revealed that HFHFD significantly decreased Sirt1 and Sirt7 gene and protein expression levels, while other sirtuins remained unchanged. Additionally, glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) gene expression was reduced in the HFHFD group, suggesting a potential pathway contributing to fibrosis progression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated a significant increase in histone H3 lysine 18 acetylation within the G6Pase promoter in HFHFD livers, potentially inhibiting G6Pase transcription. In summary, HFHFD may inhibit liver gluconeogenesis, potentially promoting liver fibrosis by regulating Sirt7 expression. This study offers an epigenetic perspective on the detrimental impact of fructose on MASLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
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BinMowyna MN, AlFaris NA, Al-Sanea EA, AlTamimi JZ, Aldayel TS. Resveratrol attenuates against high-fat-diet-promoted non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats mainly by targeting the miR-34a/SIRT1 axis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:300-315. [PMID: 35254877 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2022.2046106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated if miR-34a/SIRT1 signalling mediates the anti-hepatosteatotic effect of resveratrol (RSV) in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed rats. Rats were divided into seven groups (n = 6/each) as control, control + miR-34a agomir negative control, HFD, HFD + miR-34a, HFD + RSV, HFD + RSV + Ex-527 (a SIRT1 inhibitor), and HFD + RSV + miR-34a agomir. After 8 weeks, RSV suppressed dyslipidemia, lowered fasting glucose and insulin levels, improved insulin sensitivity, and prevented hepatic lipid accumulation. These effects were associated with hepatic downregulation of SREBP1 and SREBP2, upregulation of PPARα, and acetylation of Nrf2 (activation) and NF-κβ p65 (inhibition). Also, RSV reduced the transcription of miR-34a and increased the nuclear localisation of SIRT1 in the livers, muscles, and adipose tissues of HFD-fed rats. All these effects were prevented by EX-527 and miR-34a agmir. In conclusion, RSV prevents HFD-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis by suppressing miR-34a-induced activation of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona N BinMowyna
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A AlFaris
- Department of Physical Sport Science, College of Education, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekram A Al-Sanea
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Jozaa Z AlTamimi
- Department of Physical Sport Science, College of Education, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahany S Aldayel
- Department of Physical Sport Science, College of Education, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kung ML, Cheng SM, Wang YH, Cheng KP, Li YL, Hsiao YT, Tan BCM, Chen YW. Deficiency of ADAR2 ameliorates metabolic-associated fatty liver disease via AMPK signaling pathways in obese mice. Commun Biol 2024; 7:594. [PMID: 38760406 PMCID: PMC11101631 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease caused by hepatic steatosis. Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) catalyze adenosine to inosine RNA editing. However, the functional role of ADAR2 in NAFLD is unclear. ADAR2+/+/GluR-BR/R mice (wild type, WT) and ADAR2-/-/GluR-BR/R mice (ADAR2 KO) mice are fed with standard chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. ADAR2 KO mice exhibit protection against HFD-induced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Moreover, ADAR2 KO mice display reduced liver lipid droplets in concert with decreased hepatic TG content, improved hepatic insulin signaling, better pyruvate tolerance, and increased glycogen synthesis. Mechanistically, ADAR2 KO effectively mitigates excessive lipid production via AMPK/Sirt1 pathway. ADAR2 KO inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis via the AMPK/CREB pathway and promotes glycogen synthesis by activating the AMPK/GSK3β pathway. These results provide evidence that ADAR2 KO protects against NAFLD progression through the activation of AMPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lang Kung
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Siao Muk Cheng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Han Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Pi Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsen Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bertrand Chin-Ming Tan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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11
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Méndez-Mancilla A, Turiján-Espinoza E, Vega-Cárdenas M, Hernández-Hernández GE, Uresti-Rivera EE, Vargas-Morales JM, Portales-Pérez DP. miR-21, miR-221, miR-29 and miR-34 are distinguishable molecular features of a metabolically unhealthy phenotype in young adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300420. [PMID: 38662716 PMCID: PMC11045123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Discrepancies between the measurement of body mass index (BMI) and metabolic health status have been described for the onset of metabolic diseases. Studying novel biomarkers, some of which are associated with metabolic syndrome, can help us to understand the differences between metabolic health (MetH) and BMI. A group of 1469 young adults with pre-specified anthropometric and blood biochemical parameters were selected. Of these, 80 subjects were included in the downstream analysis that considered their BMI and MetH parameters for selection as follows: norm weight metabolically healthy (MHNW) or metabolically unhealthy (MUNW); overweight/obese metabolically healthy (MHOW) or metabolically unhealthy (MUOW). Our results showed for the first time the differences when the MetH status and the BMI are considered as global MetH statures. First, all the evaluated miRNAs presented a higher expression in the metabolically unhealthy group than the metabolically healthy group. The higher levels of leptin, IL-1b, IL-8, IL-17A, miR-221, miR-21, and miR-29 are directly associated with metabolic unhealthy and OW/OB phenotypes (MUOW group). In contrast, high levels of miR34 were detected only in the MUNW group. We found differences in the SIRT1-PGC1α pathway with increased levels of SIRT1+ cells and diminished mRNA levels of PGCa in the metabolically unhealthy compared to metabolically healthy subjects. Our results demonstrate that even when metabolic diseases are not apparent in young adult populations, MetH and BMI have a distinguishable phenotype print that signals the potential to develop major metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Méndez-Mancilla
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
- Translational and Molecular Medicine Department, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Eneida Turiján-Espinoza
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
- Translational and Molecular Medicine Department, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Mariela Vega-Cárdenas
- Translational and Molecular Medicine Department, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Gloria Estela Hernández-Hernández
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Edith Elena Uresti-Rivera
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
- Translational and Molecular Medicine Department, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Juan M. Vargas-Morales
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
- Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Diana P. Portales-Pérez
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
- Translational and Molecular Medicine Department, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
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12
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Ko HJ, Park SY, Sim DY, Kim SH, Hur S, Lee JH, Kim Y. Apoptotic Effect of Isoimpertorin via Inhibition of c-Myc and SIRT1 Signaling Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4248. [PMID: 38673833 PMCID: PMC11050721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Though Isoimperatorin from Angelicae dahuricae is known to have antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects, its underlying antitumor mechanism remains elusive so far. Hence, the apoptotic mechanism of Isoimperatorin was explored in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). In this study, Isoimperatorin inhibited the viability of Huh7 and Hep3B HCCs and increased the subG1 apoptotic portion and also abrogated the expression of pro-poly-ADP ribose polymerase (pro-PARP) and pro-caspase 3 in Huh7 and Hep3B cells. Also, Isoimperatorin abrogated the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6 and increased p21 as G1 phase arrest-related proteins in Huh7 and Hep3B cells. Interestingly, Isoimperatorin reduced the expression and binding of c-Myc and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) by Immunoprecipitation (IP), with a binding score of 0.884 in Huh7 cells. Furthermore, Isoimperatorin suppressed the overexpression of c-Myc by the proteasome inhibitor MG132 and also disturbed cycloheximide-treated c-Myc stability in Huh7 cells. Overall, these findings support the novel evidence that the pivotal role of c-Myc and SIRT1 is critically involved in Isoimperatorin-induced apoptosis in HCCs as potent molecular targets in liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Youngchul Kim
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (S.-Y.P.); (D.Y.S.); (S.-H.K.); (S.H.); (J.-H.L.)
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13
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Lu H. Inflammatory liver diseases and susceptibility to sepsis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:435-487. [PMID: 38571396 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory liver diseases, particularly alcohol-associated liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), have higher incidence of infections and mortality rate due to sepsis. The current focus in the development of drugs for MAFLD is the resolution of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and prevention of progression to cirrhosis. In patients with cirrhosis or alcoholic hepatitis, sepsis is a major cause of death. As the metabolic center and a key immune tissue, liver is the guardian, modifier, and target of sepsis. Septic patients with liver dysfunction have the highest mortality rate compared with other organ dysfunctions. In addition to maintaining metabolic homeostasis, the liver produces and secretes hepatokines and acute phase proteins (APPs) essential in tissue protection, immunomodulation, and coagulation. Inflammatory liver diseases cause profound metabolic disorder and impairment of energy metabolism, liver regeneration, and production/secretion of APPs and hepatokines. Herein, the author reviews the roles of (1) disorders in the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, ketone bodies, and amino acids as well as the clearance of ammonia and lactate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis; (2) cytokines/chemokines in inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis; (3) APPs and hepatokines in the protection against tissue injury and infections; and (4) major nuclear receptors/signaling pathways underlying the metabolic disorders and tissue injuries as well as the major drug targets for inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis. Approaches that focus on the liver dysfunction and regeneration will not only treat inflammatory liver diseases but also prevent the development of severe infections and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
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14
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Srinivas AN, Suresh D, Vishwanath PM, Satish S, Santhekadur PK, Koka S, Kumar DP. TACE inhibition: a promising therapeutic intervention against AATF-mediated steatohepatitis to hepatocarcinogenesis. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38558505 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis-driven hepatocellular carcinoma (MASH-HCC) is a global clinical challenge for which there is a limited understanding of disease pathogenesis and a subsequent lack of therapeutic interventions. We previously identified that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) upregulated apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor (AATF) in MASH. Here, we investigated the effect of TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) inhibition as a promising targeted therapy against AATF-mediated steatohepatitis to hepatocarcinogenesis. A preclinical murine model that recapitulates human MASH-HCC was used in the study. C57Bl/6 mice were fed with chow diet normal water (CD) or western diet sugar water (WD) along with a low dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4; 0.2 μL·g-1, weekly) for 24 weeks. TACE activity, TNF-α levels, and AATF expression were measured. The mice were treated with the TACE inhibitor Marimastat for 12 weeks, followed by analyses of liver injury, fibrosis, inflammation, and oncogenic signaling. In vitro experiments using stable clones of AATF control and AATF knockdown were also conducted. We found that AATF expression was upregulated in WD/CCl4 mice, which developed severe MASH at 12 weeks and advanced fibrosis with HCC at 24 weeks. WD/CCl4 mice showed increased TACE activity with reduced hepatic expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (Timp3). The involvement of the SIRT1/TIMP3/TACE axis was confirmed by the release of TNF-α, which upregulated AATF, a key molecular driver of MASH-HCC. Interestingly, TACE inhibition by Marimastat reduced liver injury, dyslipidemia, AATF expression, and oncogenic signaling, effectively preventing hepatocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, Marimastat inhibited the activation of JNK, ERK1/2, and AKT, which are key regulators of tumorigenesis in WD/CCl4 mice and in AATF control cells, but had no effect on AATF knockdown cells. This study shows that TACE inhibition prevents AATF-mediated inflammation, fibrosis, and oncogenesis in MASH-HCC, offering a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha N Srinivas
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR Lab, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Diwakar Suresh
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR Lab, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Prashant M Vishwanath
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR Lab, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Suchitha Satish
- Department of Pathology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Prasanna K Santhekadur
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR Lab, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Saisudha Koka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, USA
| | - Divya P Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, CEMR Lab, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
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15
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Chiang CH, Zhang TR, Hsu PS, Lin SP, Chen CY. Weight regain, but not weight loss exacerbates hepatic fibrosis during multiple weight cycling events in male mice. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:965-976. [PMID: 38265751 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Weight cycling is a phenomenon characterized by fluctuating body weight that is commonly observed in individuals employing intentional weight loss methods. Despite its prevalence, the impact of weight cycling on health remains equivocal. The current investigation aimed to examine the effects of weight cycling on liver health. METHODS The weight cycling model was established by switching the feeding method of mice between ad libitum (AL) and restricted intake (DR or 60% of AL) of the breeding diet to cause weight gain and weight loss, respectively. The weight cycling model comprised two and a half cycles, with one group terminating the experience during the weight-gain period (S-AL) and the other during the weight-loss period (S-DR). Liver tissue was collected to investigate morphology alterations, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial homeostasis. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the termination point of weight cycling affected body weight and hepatic steatosis. All parameters examined in the S-DR mice exhibited a comparable trend to those observed in the DR mice. Notably, S-AL mice showed a significant increase in lipid metabolism-related proteins in the liver compared to AL-fed mice, along with reduced lipid droplets. Moreover, hepatic apoptosis and fibrosis were exacerbated in the S-AL mice compared to AL mice, whereas mitochondrial fusion, biogenesis, and mitophagy were decreased in the S-AL mice. CONCLUSION Weight cycling ending in weight gain exacerbated hepatic fibrosis, potentially by inducing apoptosis or disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis. Conversely, weight cycling ending in weight loss demonstrated beneficial effects on hepatic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Rui Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pu-Sheng Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ping Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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16
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Chen C, Hu S, Hu HJ, Liu ZX, Wu XT, Zou T, Su H. Dronedarone Attenuates Ang II-Induced Myocardial Hypertrophy Through Regulating SIRT1/FOXO3/PKIA Axis. Korean Circ J 2024; 54:172-186. [PMID: 38654563 PMCID: PMC11040268 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2023.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Long-term pathological myocardial hypertrophy (MH) seriously affects the normal function of the heart. Dronedarone was reported to attenuate left ventricular hypertrophy of mice. However, the molecular regulatory mechanism of dronedarone in MH is unclear. METHODS Angiotensin II (Ang II) was used to induce cell hypertrophy of H9C2 cells. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was performed to establish a rat model of MH. Cell size was evaluated using crystal violet staining and rhodamine phalloidin staining. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of genes. JASPAR and luciferase activity were conducted to predict and validate interaction between forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) and protein kinase inhibitor alpha (PKIA) promoter. RESULTS Ang II treatment induced cell hypertrophy and inhibited sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression, which were reversed by dronedarone. SIRT1 overexpression or PKIA overexpression enhanced dronedarone-mediated suppression of cell hypertrophy in Ang II-induced H9C2 cells. Mechanistically, SIRT1 elevated FOXO3 expression through SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of FOXO3 and FOXO3 upregulated PKIA expression through interacting with PKIA promoter. Moreover, SIRT1 silencing compromised dronedarone-mediated suppression of cell hypertrophy, while PKIA upregulation abolished the influences of SIRT1 silencing. More importantly, dronedarone improved TAC surgery-induced MH and impairment of cardiac function of rats via affecting SIRT1/FOXO3/PKIA axis. CONCLUSIONS Dronedarone alleviated MH through mediating SIRT1/FOXO3/PKIA axis, which provide more evidences for dronedarone against MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Heng-Jing Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhi-Xuan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xin-Teng Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Tao Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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17
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Sangpairoj K, Pranweerapaiboon K, Saengkhae C, Meemon K, Niamnont N, Tamtin M, Sobhon P, Yisarakun W, Siangcham T. Extracts of tropical green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera reduce hepatic lipid accumulation by modulating lipid metabolism molecules in HepG2 cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27635. [PMID: 38509999 PMCID: PMC10950575 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Seaweed has attracted attention as a bioactive source for preventing different chronic diseases, including liver injury and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the leading cause of liver-related mortality. Caulerpa lentillifera is characterized as tropical edible seaweed, currently being investigated for health benefits of its extracts and bioactive substances. This study examined the effects of C. lentillifera extract in ethyl acetate fraction (CLEA) on controlling lipid accumulation and lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells induced with oleic acid through the in vitro hepatic steatosis model. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated that CLEA contained diverse organic compounds, including hydrocarbons, amino acids, and carboxylic acids. Docked conformation of dl-2-phenyltryptophane and benzoic acid, two major bioactive CLEA components, showed high affinity binding to SIRT1 and AMPK as target molecules of lipid metabolism. CLEA reduced lipid accumulation and intracellular triglyceride levels in HepG2 cells stimulated with oleic acid. The effect of CLEA on regulating expression of lipid metabolism-related molecules was investigated by qPCR and immunoblotting. CLEA promoted expression of the SIRT1 gene in oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells. CLEA also reduced expression levels of SREBF1, FAS, and ACC genes, which might be related to activation of AMPK signaling in lipid-accumulated HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that CLEA contains bioactive compounds potentially reducing triglyceride accumulation in lipid-accumulated HepG2 hepatocytes by controlling lipid metabolism molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kant Sangpairoj
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kanta Pranweerapaiboon
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | | | - Krai Meemon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nakorn Niamnont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Mod, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Montakan Tamtin
- Department of Fisheries, Kung Krabaen Bay Royal Development Study Centre, Chanthaburi, Thailand
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Tanapan Siangcham
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
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18
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Zhang R, Zhang Q, Cui Z, Huang B, Ma H. Dimethyl fumarate restores Ca 2+ dyshomeostasis through activation of the SIRT1 signal to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Life Sci 2024; 341:122505. [PMID: 38364937 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by an excessive lipid accumulation in the liver, with a global prevalence of approximately 25 %. While early-stage steatosis is reversible and can be intervened upon, it has the potential to progress to some serious complications, including cirrhosis and even liver cancer. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a derivative of fumaric acid shows promise in intervening in certain diseases. However, the precise effect and underlying mechanism of DMF on hepatic steatosis remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that DMF mitigates hepatic steatosis in mice subjected to high-fat/high-cholesterol (HFHC) diets. Meanwhile, our in vivo and in vitro results showed that DMF relieves lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Mechanically, our findings revealed that the effect of DMF on reducing lipid accumulation is linked to the restoration of Ca2+ homeostasis. Furthermore, we found that activation of the SIRT1 signal by DMF plays an important role in correcting the mishandling of the Ca2+ signal, and knockdown of SIRT1 expression reverses the beneficial role of DMF PA-incubated AML12 cells. In conclusion, our results suggested DMF's amelioration of hepatic steatosis is related to the activation of SIRT1-mediated Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - ZiYi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - BenZeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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19
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Dong H, Guo W, Yue R, Sun X, Zhou Z. Nuclear Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Deficiency by Nmnat1 Deletion Impaired Hepatic Insulin Signaling, Mitochondrial Function, and Hepatokine Expression in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100329. [PMID: 38237740 PMCID: PMC10957298 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a worldwide challenge that is closely associated with obesity, nonalcoholic liver disease, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Boosting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) presents great potential in preventing MetS. However, the function of nuclear NAD+ in the development of MetS remains poorly understood. In this study, hepatocyte-specific Nmnat1 knockout mice were used to determine a possible link between nuclear NAD+ and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MetS. We found that Nmnat1 knockout significantly reduced hepatic nuclear NAD+ levels but did not exacerbate HFD-induced obesity and hepatic triglycerides accumulation. Interestingly, loss of Nmnat1 caused insulin resistance. Further analysis revealed that Nmnat1 deletion promoted gluconeogenesis but inhibited glycogen synthesis in the liver. Moreover, Nmnat1 deficiency induced mitochondrial dysfunction by decreasing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded complexes Ⅰ and Ⅳ, suppressing mtDNA replication and mtRNA transcription and reducing mtDNA copy number. In addition, Nmnat1 depletion affected the expression of hepatokines in the liver, particularly downregulating the expression of follistatin. These findings highlight the importance of nuclear NAD+ in maintaining insulin sensitivity and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying HFD-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Dong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Wei Guo
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Ruichao Yue
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Xinguo Sun
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina.
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Soto A, Spongberg C, Martinino A, Giovinazzo F. Exploring the Multifaceted Landscape of MASLD: A Comprehensive Synthesis of Recent Studies, from Pathophysiology to Organoids and Beyond. Biomedicines 2024; 12:397. [PMID: 38397999 PMCID: PMC10886580 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a widespread contributor to chronic liver disease globally. A recent consensus on renaming liver disease was established, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, MASLD, was chosen as the replacement for NAFLD. The disease's range extends from the less severe MASLD, previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), to the more intense metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), previously known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by inflammation and apoptosis. This research project endeavors to comprehensively synthesize the most recent studies on MASLD, encompassing a wide spectrum of topics such as pathophysiology, risk factors, dietary influences, lifestyle management, genetics, epigenetics, therapeutic approaches, and the prospective trajectory of MASLD, particularly exploring its connection with organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Soto
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Colby Spongberg
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Great Falls, MT 59405, USA
| | | | - Francesco Giovinazzo
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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21
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Naiini MR, Shahouzehi B, Azizi S, Shafiei B, Nazari-Robati M. Trehalose-induced SIRT1/AMPK activation regulates SREBP-1c/PPAR-α to alleviate lipid accumulation in aged liver. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1061-1070. [PMID: 37581638 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a disturbance in the regulation of the metabolic function of the liver, which increases the risk of liver and systemic diseases. Trehalose, a natural disaccharide, has been identified to reduce dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and glucose intolerance. However, the roles of trehalose on lipid metabolism in aged liver are unclear which was investigated in this study. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 8). Two groups of aged (24 months) and young (4 months) rats were administered 2% trehalose solution orally for 30 days. Control groups of aged and young rats did not receive any treatment. At the end of the treatment period, blood samples and liver tissues were collected. Then the expression of SIRT1, AMPK, SREBP-1c, and PPAR-α and the level of AMPK phosphorylation (p-AMPK) were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Moreover, biochemical parameters and the histopathology of livers were evaluated. Trehalose supplementation increased the level of SIRT1, p-AMPK, and PPAR-α, whereas the level of SREBP-1c was diminished in the liver of old animals. In addition, treatment with trehalose improved histopathological features of senescent livers. Taken together, our results show that old rats developed lipogenesis in the liver which was alleviated with trehalose. Therefore, trehalose may be an effective intervention to reduce the progression of aging-induced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdis Rahimi Naiini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Beydolah Shahouzehi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Azizi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bentolhoda Shafiei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Nazari-Robati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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22
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Bahramzadeh A, Samavarchi Tehrani S, Goodarzi G, Seyyedebrahimi S, Meshkani R. Combination therapy of metformin and morin attenuates insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of high-fat diet-fed mice. Phytother Res 2024; 38:912-924. [PMID: 38091524 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation, inflammation, and oxidative stress are the most important causes of muscle insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the single and combined treatment effects of metformin (MET) and morin (MOR) on lipid accumulation, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle of mice fed a high-fat diet. The mice were supplemented with MET (230 mg/kg diet), MOR (100 mg/kg diet), and MET + MOR for 9 weeks. Our results revealed that single treatment with MET or MOR, and with a stronger effect of MET + MOR combined treatment, reduced body weight gain, improved glucose intolerance and enhanced Akt phosphorylation in the muscle tissue. In addition, plasma and muscle triglyceride levels were decreased after treatment with MET and MOR. The expression of genes involved in macrophage infiltration and polarization and pro-inflammatory cytokines showed that MET + MOR combined treatment, significantly reduced inflammation in the muscle. Furthermore, combined treatment of MET + MOR with greater efficacy than the single treatment improved several oxidative stress markers in the muscle. Importantly, combined treatment of MET and MOR could increase the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, the master regulator of the antioxidant response. These findings suggest that combination of MET with MOR might ameliorate insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle of mice fed high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Bahramzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Science, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - ShadiSadat Seyyedebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Rad NK, Heydari Z, Tamimi AH, Zahmatkesh E, Shpichka A, Barekat M, Timashev P, Hossein-Khannazer N, Hassan M, Vosough M. Review on Kidney-Liver Crosstalk: Pathophysiology of Their Disorders. CELL JOURNAL 2024; 26:98-111. [PMID: 38459727 PMCID: PMC10924833 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2023.2007757.1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Kidney-liver crosstalk plays a crucial role in normal and certain pathological conditions. In pathologic states, both renal-induced liver damage and liver-induced kidney diseases may happen through these kidney-liver interactions. This bidirectional crosstalk takes place through the systemic conditions that mutually influence both the liver and kidneys. Ischemia and reperfusion, cytokine release and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, metabolic acidosis, oxidative stress, and altered enzyme activity and metabolic pathways establish the base of this interaction between the kidneys and liver. In these concomitant kidney-liver diseases, the survival rates strongly correlate with early intervention and treatment of organ dysfunction. Proper care of a nephrologist and hepatologist and the identification of pathological conditions using biomarkers at early stages are necessary to prevent the complications induced by this complex and potentially vicious cycle. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of this crosstalk is essential for better management. In this review, we discussed the available literature concerning the detrimental effects of kidney failure on liver functions and liver-induced kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Khoshdel Rad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Heydari
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Amir Hossein Tamimi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Zahmatkesh
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maryam Barekat
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. ,
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mirrazavi ZS, Behrouz V. Various types of fasting diet and possible benefits in nonalcoholic fatty liver: Mechanism of actions and literature update. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:519-533. [PMID: 38219703 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the major causes of chronic liver injury, affecting around one-fourth of the general population across the world. Several important pathophysiological mechanisms underlying NAFLD include oxidative stress, inflammation, liver fibrosis, and apoptosis. Currently, therapeutic approaches are not ideal for managing NAFLD, thus new approaches and treatments are still needed. Over the last two decades, various fasting protocols have been explored to reduce body weight and improve metabolic disorders. In this review, we provide updated literature that supports fasting regimens for subjects with NAFLD and describes underlying mechanisms of action. We suggest that fasting regimens may modulate NAFLD via several mechanisms, including changes in gut microbiota, hepatic arginase, hepatic autophagy, inflammatory responses, liver functional enzymes and hepatic steatosis, fibroblast growth factors signaling, white adipose tissue browning, adipokines, circadian rhythms, lipid profiles, and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahideh Behrouz
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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25
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Kayalı A, Bora ES, Acar H, Erbaş O. Evaluation of the Reparative Effect of Sinomenine in an Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury Model. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:923-933. [PMID: 38275673 PMCID: PMC10814253 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its rising global prevalence, liver failure treatments are urgently needed. Sinomenine (SIN), an alkaloid from sinomenium acutum, is being studied for its liver-repair properties due to Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. SIN's effect on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats was examined histologically and biochemically. Three groups of 30 adult male Wistar rats were created: control, APAP-only, and APAP + SIN. Histopathological and biochemical analyses were performed on liver samples after euthanasia. SIN is significantly protected against APAP damage. Compared to APAP-only, SIN reduced cellular injury and preserved hepatocellular architecture. The APAP + SIN Group had significantly lower ALT, MDA, and GSH levels, protecting against hepatocellular damage and oxidative stress. SIN also had dose-dependent antioxidant properties. When examining critical regulatory proteins, SIN partially restored Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) levels. While BMP-7 levels were unaffected, histopathological evidence and hepatocyte damage percentages supported SIN's liver-restorative effect. SIN protected and repaired rats' livers from APAP-induced liver injury. This study suggests that SIN may treat acute liver damage, warranting further research into its long-term effects, optimal dosage, and clinical applications. These findings aid liver-related emergency department interventions and life-saving treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kayalı
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir 35270, Turkey; (A.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Ejder Saylav Bora
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir Atatürk Research and Training Hospital, Izmir 35360, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Acar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir 35270, Turkey; (A.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Oytun Erbaş
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Istanbul 34395, Turkey;
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26
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Thayyil Menambath D, Adiga U, Rai T, Adiga S, Shetty V. Identification of the SIRT1 gene's most harmful non-synonymous SNPs and their effects on functional and structural features-an in silico analysis. F1000Res 2024; 12:66. [PMID: 38283900 PMCID: PMC10822041 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.128706.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The sirtuin (Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog)1(SIRT1) protein plays a vital role in many disorders such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, inflammation, and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this in silico analysis of SIRT1's functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was to gain valuable insight into the harmful effects of non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) on the protein. The objective of the study was to use bioinformatics methods to investigate the genetic variations and modifications that may have an impact on the SIRT1 gene's expression and function. Methods nsSNPs of SIRT1 protein were collected from the dbSNP site, from its three (3) different protein accession IDs. These were then fed to various bioinformatic tools such as SIFT, Provean, and I- Mutant to find the most deleterious ones. Functional and structural effects were examined using the HOPE server and I-Tasser. Gene interactions were predicted by STRING software. The SIFT, Provean, and I-Mutant tools detected the most deleterious three nsSNPs (rs769519031, rs778184510, and rs199983221). Results Out of 252 nsSNPs, SIFT analysis showed that 94 were deleterious, Provean listed 67 dangerous, and I-Mutant found 58 nsSNPs resulting in lowered stability of proteins. HOPE modelling of rs199983221 and rs769519031 suggested reduced hydrophobicity due to Ile 4Thr and Ile223Ser resulting in decreased hydrophobic interactions. In contrast, on modelling rs778184510, the mutant protein had a higher hydrophobicity than the wild type. Conclusions Our study reports that three nsSNPs (D357A, I223S, I4T) are the most damaging mutations of the SIRT1 gene. Mutations may result in altered protein structure and functions. Such altered protein may be the basis for various disorders. Our findings may be a crucial guide in establishing the pathogenesis of various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Usha Adiga
- Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (DU), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Tirthal Rai
- Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (DU), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Sachidananda Adiga
- Pharmacology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE(DU), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Vijith Shetty
- Oncology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE(DU), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
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27
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LeFort KR, Rungratanawanich W, Song BJ. Contributing roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatocyte apoptosis in liver diseases through oxidative stress, post-translational modifications, inflammation, and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:34. [PMID: 38214802 PMCID: PMC10786752 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
This review provides an update on recent findings from basic, translational, and clinical studies on the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of hepatocytes in multiple liver diseases, including but not limited to alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). While the ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1) is mainly responsible for oxidizing binge alcohol via the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system, it is also responsible for metabolizing many xenobiotics, including pollutants, chemicals, drugs, and specific diets abundant in n-6 fatty acids, into toxic metabolites in many organs, including the liver, causing pathological insults through organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula. Oxidative imbalances (oxidative stress) in mitochondria promote the covalent modifications of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids through enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. Excessive changes stimulate various post-translational modifications (PTMs) of mitochondrial proteins, transcription factors, and histones. Increased PTMs of mitochondrial proteins inactivate many enzymes involved in the reduction of oxidative species, fatty acid metabolism, and mitophagy pathways, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, energy depletion, and apoptosis. Unique from other organelles, mitochondria control many signaling cascades involved in bioenergetics (fat metabolism), inflammation, and apoptosis/necrosis of hepatocytes. When mitochondrial homeostasis is shifted, these pathways become altered or shut down, likely contributing to the death of hepatocytes with activation of inflammation and hepatic stellate cells, causing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. This review will encapsulate how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to hepatocyte apoptosis in several types of liver diseases in order to provide recommendations for targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli R LeFort
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Theys C, Vanderhaeghen T, Van Dijck E, Peleman C, Scheepers A, Ibrahim J, Mateiu L, Timmermans S, Vanden Berghe T, Francque SM, Van Hul W, Libert C, Vanden Berghe W. Loss of PPARα function promotes epigenetic dysregulation of lipid homeostasis driving ferroptosis and pyroptosis lipotoxicity in metabolic dysfunction associated Steatotic liver disease (MASLD). FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2024; 3:1283170. [PMID: 39086681 PMCID: PMC11285560 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2023.1283170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is a growing epidemic with an estimated prevalence of 20%-30% in Europe and the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The onset and progression of MASLD are orchestrated by an interplay of the metabolic environment with genetic and epigenetic factors. Emerging evidence suggests altered DNA methylation pattern as a major determinant of MASLD pathogenesis coinciding with progressive DNA hypermethylation and gene silencing of the liver-specific nuclear receptor PPARα, a key regulator of lipid metabolism. To investigate how PPARα loss of function contributes to epigenetic dysregulation in MASLD pathology, we studied DNA methylation changes in liver biopsies of WT and hepatocyte-specific PPARα KO mice, following a 6-week CDAHFD (choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet) or chow diet. Interestingly, genetic loss of PPARα function in hepatocyte-specific KO mice could be phenocopied by a 6-week CDAHFD diet in WT mice which promotes epigenetic silencing of PPARα function via DNA hypermethylation, similar to MASLD pathology. Remarkably, genetic and lipid diet-induced loss of PPARα function triggers compensatory activation of multiple lipid sensing transcription factors and epigenetic writer-eraser-reader proteins, which promotes the epigenetic transition from lipid metabolic stress towards ferroptosis and pyroptosis lipid hepatoxicity pathways associated with advanced MASLD. In conclusion, we show that PPARα function is essential to support lipid homeostasis and to suppress the epigenetic progression of ferroptosis-pyroptosis lipid damage associated pathways towards MASLD fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Theys
- Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tineke Vanderhaeghen
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Cedric Peleman
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Pathophysiology Lab, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne Scheepers
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joe Ibrahim
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ligia Mateiu
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Timmermans
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Pathophysiology Lab, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sven M. Francque
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Nie T, Wang X, Li A, Shan A, Ma J. The promotion of fatty acid β-oxidation by hesperidin via activating SIRT1/PGC1α to improve NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2024; 15:372-386. [PMID: 38099440 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04348g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Reducing fat deposits in hepatocytes is a direct treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the fatty acid metabolic processes mediated by fatty acid β-oxidation are important for the prevention of NAFLD. In this study, we established high-fat-diet models in vitro and in vivo to investigate the mechanism by which hesperidin (HDN) prevents NAFLD by modulating fatty acid β oxidation. Based on LC-MS screening of differential metabolites, many metabolites involved in phospholipid and lipid metabolism were found to be significantly altered and closely associated with fatty acid β-oxidation. The results from COIP experiments indicated that HDN increased the deacetylation of PGC1α by SIRT1. In addition, the results of CETSA and molecular docking experiments suggest that HDN targeting of SIRT1 plays an important role in their stable binding. Meanwhile, it was found that HDN reduced fatty acid uptake and synthesis and promoted the expression of SIRT1/PGC1α and fatty acid β-oxidation, and the latter process was inhibited after transfection to knockdown SIRT1. The results suggest that HDN improves NAFLD by promoting fatty acid β-oxidation through activating SIRT1/PGC1α. Thus, the findings indicate that HDN may be a potential drug for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Nie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Aqun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
| | - Anshan Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P. R. China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
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30
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Yang X, Ding W, Chen Z, Lai K, Liu Y. The role of autophagy in insulin resistance and glucolipid metabolism and potential use of autophagy modulating natural products in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3762. [PMID: 38287719 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a severe, long-term condition characterised by disruptions in glucolipid and energy metabolism. Autophagy, a fundamental cellular process, serves as a guardian of cellular health by recycling and renewing cellular components. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the vital role that autophagy plays in T2DM, we conducted an extensive search for high-quality publications across databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder and used keywords like 'autophagy', 'insulin resistance', and 'type 2 diabetes mellitus', both individually and in combinations. A large body of evidence underscores the significance of activating autophagy in alleviating T2DM symptoms. An enhanced autophagic activity, either by activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and sirtuin-1 signalling pathways or inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signalling pathway, can effectively improve insulin resistance and balance glucolipid metabolism in key tissues like the hypothalamus, skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Furthermore, autophagy can increase β-cell mass and functionality in the pancreas. This review provides a narrative summary of autophagy regulation with an emphasis on the intricate connection between autophagy and T2DM symptoms. It also discusses the therapeutic potentials of natural products with autophagy activation properties for the treatment of T2DM conditions. Our findings suggest that autophagy activation represents an innovative approach of treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyi Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Anggreini P, Kuncoro H, Sumiwi SA, Levita J. Molecular Docking Study of Phytosterols in Lygodium microphyllum Towards SIRT1 and AMPK, the in vitro Brine Shrimp Toxicity Test, and the Phenols and Sterols Levels in the Extract. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:513-527. [PMID: 38148923 PMCID: PMC10751218 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s438435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lygodium microphyllum is a fern plant with various pharmacological activities, and phytosterols were reported contained in the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract of this plant. Phytosterols are known to inhibit steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are the key proteins that control lipogenesis. However, information about L. microphyllum on SIRT1 and AMPK is still lacking. Purpose This study aims to investigate the binding mode of phytosterols in L. microphyllum extract towards AMPK and SIRT1, and the toxicity of the extract against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae, and to determine the phenols and sterols levels in the extract. Methods The molecular docking was performed towards SIRT1 and AMPK using AutoDock v4.2.6, the toxicity of the extract was assayed against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae, and the phytosterols were analyzed by employing a thin layer chromatography densitometry, and the total phenols were by spectrophotometry. Results The molecular docking study revealed that β-sitosterol and stigmasterol could occupy the active allosteric-binding site of SIRT1 and AMPK by binding to important residues similar to the protein's activators. The cold extraction of the plant yields 15.86% w/w. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. The total phenols are equivalent to 126 mg gallic acid (GAE)/g dry extract, the total sterols are 954.04 µg/g, and the β-sitosterol level is 283.55 µg/g. The LC50 value of the extract towards A. salina larvae is 203.704 ppm. Conclusion Lygodium microphyllum extract may have the potential to be further explored for its pharmacology activities, particularly in the discovery of plant-based anti-dyslipidemic drug candidates. However, further studies are needed to confirm their roles in alleviating lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Anggreini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 46363, Indonesia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia
| | - Hadi Kuncoro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia
| | - Sri Adi Sumiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 46363, Indonesia
| | - Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 46363, Indonesia
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Migni A, Mancuso F, Baroni T, Di Sante G, Rende M, Galli F, Bartolini D. Melatonin as a Repairing Agent in Cadmium- and Free Fatty Acid-Induced Lipotoxicity. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1758. [PMID: 38136629 PMCID: PMC10741790 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cadmium (Cd) is a potentially toxic element with a long half-life in the human body (20-40 years). Cytotoxicity mechanisms of Cd include increased levels of oxidative stress and apoptotic signaling, and recent studies have suggested that these aspects of Cd toxicity contribute a role in the pathobiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a highly prevalent ailment associated with hepatic lipotoxicity and an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, Cd toxicity and its interplay with fatty acid (FA)-induced lipotoxicity have been studied in intestinal epithelium and liver cells; the cytoprotective function of melatonin (MLT) has been also evaluated. (2) Methods: human liver cells (HepaRG), primary murine hepatocytes and Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells were exposed to CdCl2 before and after induction of lipotoxicity with oleic acid (OA) and/or palmitic acid (PA), and in some experiments, FA was combined with MLT (50 nM) treatment. (3) Results: CdCl2 toxicity was associated with ROS induction and reduced cell viability in both the hepatic and intestinal cells. Cd and FA synergized to induce lipid droplet formation and ROS production; the latter was higher for PA compared to OA in liver cells, resulting in a higher reduction in cell viability, especially in HepaRG and primary hepatocytes, whereas CACO-2 cells showed higher resistance to Cd/PA-induced lipotoxicity compared to liver cells. MLT showed significant protection against Cd toxicity either considered alone or combined with FFA-induced lipotoxicity in primary liver cells. (4) Conclusions: Cd and PA combine their pro-oxidant activity to induce lipotoxicity in cellular populations of the gut-liver axis. MLT can be used to lessen the synergistic effect of Cd-PA on cellular ROS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Migni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Francesca Mancuso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (T.B.); (G.D.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Tiziano Baroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (T.B.); (G.D.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (T.B.); (G.D.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Mario Rende
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.M.); (T.B.); (G.D.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
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Peña-Villalobos I, Otarola FA, Arancibia D, Sabat P, Palma V. Prenatal caloric restriction adjusts the energy homeostasis and behavior in response to acute and chronic variations in food availability in adulthood. J Comp Physiol B 2023; 193:677-688. [PMID: 37831173 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Fetal metabolic programming produced by unfavorable prenatal nutritional conditions leads to the development of a disorder called "thrifty phenotype", which is associated with pathologies such as diabetes and obesity in adulthood. However, from an ecophysiological approach, few studies have addressed the development of thrifty phenotypes in terms of energy. This might represent an adaptive advantage against caloric deficiency conditions extending into adulthood. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential adaptive value of the thrifty phenotype expression through prenatal programming in a rodent model experiencing varying dietary conditions in different temporal contexts. To fill this gap, adult males of Mus musculus (BALB/C) from two maternal pregnancy groups were analyzed: control (ad libitum feeding) and caloric restriction from day 10 of gestation (70% restriction). Adult offspring of these groups were split further for two experiments: acute food deprivation and chronic caloric restriction at 60%. The acute food deprivation was performed for 24, 48 or 72 h while the caloric restriction regime was sustained for 20 days. For each experiment, morphological variables, such as body and organ mass, and gene expression related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism from the liver and brain, were evaluated. In chronic caloric restriction, behavioral tests (open-field test and home-cage behavior) were performed. Our results indicate that under acute deprivation, the liver mass and triglyceride content remained unchanged in individuals subjected to prenatal restriction, in contrast to the reduction experienced by the control group. The latter is associated with the expression of the key genes involved in energy homeostasis (Pepck, Pparα/Pparγ), indicating a differential use of nutritional resources. In addition, thrifty animals, subjected to chronic caloric restriction, showed a severe reduction in locomotor and gluconeogenic activity, which is consistent with the regulatory role of Sirt1 and its downstream targets Mao and Pepck. Our results reveal that prenatal caloric restriction translates into a sparing metabolism in response to acute and chronic lack of food in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Peña-Villalobos
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Laboratorio de Células troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Fabiola A Otarola
- Laboratorio de Células troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Arancibia
- Laboratorio de Células troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Sabat
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Palma
- Laboratorio de Células troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Feng Y, Chen X, Chen D, He J, Zheng P, Luo Y, Yu B, Huang Z. Dietary grape seed proanthocyanidin extract supplementation improves antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism in finishing pigs. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4021-4031. [PMID: 37647084 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2252012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) plays a significant role in body health, including improving antioxidant capacity and maintaining lipid metabolism stability. However, whether dietary GSPE supplementation can improve lipid metabolism in finishing pigs remains unclear. Here 18 castrated male Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire finishing pigs were randomly divided into three groups with six replicates and one pig per replicate. Pigs were fed a basal diet (control), a basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg GSPE, or a basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg GSPE for 30 days. Antioxidant analysis showed that dietary 200 mg/kg GSPE supplementation increased glutathione, total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase levels, and reduced malondialdehyde levels in serum, muscle and liver. Dietary 200 mg/kg GSPE supplementation also upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of nuclear-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Lipid metabolism analysis showed that dietary GSPE supplementation increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and reduced serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. Besides, GPSE upregulated the mRNA expression of lipolysis- and fatty acid oxidation-related genes downregulated the mRNA expression of lipogenesis-related genes, and activated the AMPK signal in finishing pigs. Together, we provided evidence that dietary GSPE supplementation improved the antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Tutunchi H, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Roshanravan N, Mobasseri M, Najafipour F, Naeini F, Naghshi S, Asghari S, Akbarzadeh M, Soleimanzadeh H, Ostadrahimi A. Effects of oleoylethanolamide supplementation on the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and serum NRG4 levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:311-319. [PMID: 38057021 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of oleoylethanolamide (OEA) supplementation on the expression levels of SIRT1, AMPK, PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, CEBP-α and CEBP-β genes and serum neuregulin 4 (NRG4) levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). METHODS Sixty obese patients with NAFLD were equally allocated into either OEA or placebo group for 12 weeks. The mRNA expression levels of genes were determined using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Serum NRG4 level was also assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. RESULTS At the endpoint, mRNA expression levels of SIRT1(p = 0.001), PGC-1α (p = 0.011) and AMPK (p = 0.019) were significantly higher in the OEA group compared to placebo group. However, no significant differences were observed in the expression levels of PPAR-γ, CEBP-α and CEBP-β between the two groups. Serum NRG4 levels significantly increased in the OEA group compared with the placebo group after controlling for confounders (p = 0.027). In the OEA group, significant relationships were found between percent of changes in the expression levels of the SIRT1, AMPK and PGC-1α as well as serum NRG4 level with percent of changes in some anthropometric measures. Moreover, in the intervention group, percent of changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was positively correlated with percent of changes in the expression levels of the SIRT1 and AMPK. While, percent of changes in triglyceride was inversely correlated with percent of changes in the expression levels of SIRT1. CONCLUSION OEA could beneficially affect expression levels of some lipid metabolism-related genes and serum NRG4 level. "REGISTERED UNDER IRANIAN REGISTRY OF CLINICAL TRIALS IDENTIFIER NO: IRCT20090609002017N32".
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Affiliation(s)
- Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Majid Mobasseri
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Farzad Najafipour
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Naeini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sina Naghshi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Samira Asghari
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Moloud Akbarzadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hamid Soleimanzadeh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Dong B, Sun Y, Cheng B, Xue Y, Li W, Sun X. Activating transcription factor (ATF) 6 upregulates cystathionine β synthetase (CBS) expression and hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) synthesis to ameliorate liver metabolic damage. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:540. [PMID: 38007457 PMCID: PMC10676581 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01520-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) is an endoplasmic reticulum stress responsive gene. We previously reported that conditional knockout of hepatic ATF6 exacerbated liver metabolic damage by repressing autophagy through mTOR pathway. However, the mechanism by which ATF6 influence liver metabolism has not been well established. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule that plays an important role in regulating inflammation, and suppress nonalcoholic fatty liver in mice. Based on the previous study, we assumed that ATF6 may regulate H2S production to participate in liver metabolism. In order to clarify the mechanism by which ATF6 regulates H2S synthesis to ameliorate liver steatosis and inflammatory environment, we conducted the present study. We used the liver specific ATF6 knockout mice and fed on high-fat-diet, and found that H2S level was significantly downregulated in hepatic ATF6 knockout mice. Restoring H2S by the administration of slow H2S releasing agent GYY4137 ameliorated the hepatic steatosis and glucose tolerance. ATF6 directly binds to the promoter of cystathionine β synthetase (CBS), an important enzyme in H2S synthesis. Thus, ATF6 could upregulate H2S production through CBS. Sulfhydrated Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) was downregulated in ATF6 knockout mice. The expression of pro-inflammatory factor IL-17A was upregulated and anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was downregulated in ATF6 knockout mice. Our results suggest that ATF6 can transcriptionally enhance CBS expression as well as H2S synthesis. ATF6 increases SIRT1 sulfhydration and ameliorates lipogenesis and inflammation in the fatty liver. Therefore, ATF6 could be a novel therapeutic strategy for high-fat diet induced fatty liver metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzi Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Health Management Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Bingfei Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wei Li
- Interventional Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Yang M, Xia L, Song J, Hu H, Zang N, Yang J, Zou Y, Wang L, Zheng X, He Q, Liu J, Liu F, Liang K, Sun L, Chen L. Puerarin ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease by inhibiting ferroptosis and inflammation. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:202. [PMID: 38001459 PMCID: PMC10668385 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01969-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is frequently linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and both conditions exacerbate the progression of the other. However, there is currently no standardized treatment or drug for MAFLD. In this study, A MAFLD animal model through a high-fat diet (HFD) along with administration of streptozotocin (STZ), and palmitic acid (PA)-induced AML12 cells were treated by puerarin. The objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic effect of puerarin, a flavonoid substance that possesses various pharmacological properties, on MAFLD. The results showed that puerarin administration enhanced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, while also mitigating liver dysfunction and hyperlipidemia in MAFLD mice. Moreover, puerarin attenuated oxidative stress levels and inflammation in the liver. Transmission electron microscopy and Western blot analysis indicated that puerarin inhibited ferroptosis in vivo. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that puerarin upregulated SIRT1 expression, increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein levels, and facilitated translocation into the nucleus. The protective effect of puerarin on PA-induced AML12 cells was diminished by the utilization of EX-527 (a SIRT1 inhibitor) and Nrf2 siRNA. Overall, the results demonstrate that puerarin ameliorates MAFLD by suppressing ferroptosis and inflammation via the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. The results emphasize the possible medicinal application of puerarin for managing MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Longqing Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Huiqing Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Zang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qin He
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jidong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Song J, Ren L, Ren Z, Ren X, Qi Y, Qin Y, Zhang X, Ren Y, Li Y. SIRT1-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis supports therapeutic effects of 4-butyl-polyhydroxybenzophenone compounds against NAFLD. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115728. [PMID: 37625288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondria have been identified as key targets in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most prevalent chronic liver damage diseases globally. Meanwhile, the biological information analysis in this study revealed that SIRT1, PPARG, PPARA, and PPARGC1A (mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins) were NAFLD therapeutic targets. Therefore, the design and synthesis of targeted drugs that promote mitochondrial biogenesis and improve mitochondrial function are particularly important for NAFLD treatment. Recently, we introduced butyls, hydroxyls, and halogens to benzophenone and synthesized a series of NAFLD-related 4-butylpolyhydroxybenzophenone compounds, aiming at investigating the hepatoprotective activity from the aspect of mitochondrial biogenesis. The structure-activity relationship demonstrated that hydroxyl and ketone groups were active groups interacting with mitochondrial biogenesis proteins (SIRT1 and PGC1α), and the activity was stronger when the o-hydroxyl group was present on the benzene ring. In contrast, the activity was little affected by the presence of the p-hydroxyl group, m-hydroxyl group, butyl group type, or halogen. In addition, in vitro studies confirmed that these compounds could directly bind to SIRT1 and PGC1α, markedly promote their interaction, significantly increase the expression of proteins and genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis (SIRT1, PGC1α, NRF1, TFAM, COX1, and ND6) and subsequently ameliorate mitochondria dysfunction, which was evidenced by the decreased ROS, upregulated ATP production, increased MMP, and enhanced mitochondrial number. According to the outcomes of our in vitro and in vivo experiments, 4-butyl-polyhydroxybenzophenone compounds could also effectively reduce the formation of lipid droplets and liver injury index (ALT, AST, LDH, AKP, γ-GT, and GDH) and improve the level of antioxidant enzymes (GSH and SOD). Particularly, the treatment of these compounds after a high-fat diet could significantly reduce body weight, decrease liver coefficient, attenuate liver damage, and ameliorate lipid accumulation in rat liver, demonstrating their therapeutic effects on NAFLD. Mechanistically, 4-butyl-polyhydroxybenzophenone compounds promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and eventually prevented NAFLD liver injury by activating the PGC1α signaling pathway in a SIRT1-dependent manner, which was strongly supported by SIRT1 inhibitor EX527.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Luyao Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Zhenzhu Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Xing Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Yang Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Yuxi Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Yuan Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Yunlan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China; School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, PR China.
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Afshari H, Noori S, Zarghi A. A novel combination of metformin and resveratrol alleviates hepatic steatosis by activating autophagy through the cAMP/AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3135-3148. [PMID: 37209153 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver disorder that is associated with the accumulation of triglycerides (TG) in hepatocytes. Resveratrol (RSV), as a natural product, and metformin have been reported to have potential lipid-lowering effects for the treatment of NAFLD via autophagy, but the combined effects of both have not yet been studied. The current study aimed to investigate the role of autophagy in the lipid-lowering effects of RSV, alone and in combination with metformin, on the hepatic steatosis model of HepG2 cells and elucidate the mechanism of action. Triglyceride measurement and real-time PCR showed that RSV-metformin reduced lipid accumulation and the expression of lipogenic genes in palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells. Additionally, the LDH release assay indicated that this combination protected HepG2 cells against PA-induced cell death through autophagy. The western blotting analysis revealed that RSV-metformin induced autophagy by reducing the expression of p62 and increasing LC3-I and LC3-II proteins. This combination also enhanced cAMP, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and Beclin-1 levels in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, SIRT1 inhibitor treatment inhibited autophagy induced by RSV-metformin, which indicated the autophagy induction is SIRT1-dependent. This study demonstrated for the first time that RSV-metformin reduced hepatic steatosis by triggering autophagy via the cAMP/AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Afshari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofe Noori
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fedorczak A, Lewiński A, Stawerska R. Involvement of Sirtuin 1 in the Growth Hormone/Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Signal Transduction and Its Impact on Growth Processes in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15406. [PMID: 37895086 PMCID: PMC10607608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of growth processes in children depends on the synthesis of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Insulin-like growth factor 1, which is mainly secreted in the liver in response to GH, is the main peripheral mediator of GH action. Newly discovered factors regulating GH secretion and its effects are being studied recently. One of them is sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). This NAD+-dependent deacetylase, by modulating the JAK2/STAT pathway, is involved in the transduction of the GH signal in hepatocytes, leading to the synthesis of IGF-1. In addition, it participates in the regulation of the synthesis of GHRH in the hypothalamus and GH in the somatotropic cells. SIRT1 is suggested to be involved in growth plate chondrogenesis and longitudinal bone growth as it has a positive effect on the epiphyseal growth plate. SIRT1 is also implicated in various cellular processes, including metabolism, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, oxidative stress response, and DNA repair. Thus, its expression varies depending on the different metabolic states. During malnutrition, SIRT1 blocks GH signal transduction in hepatocytes to reduce the IGF-1 secretion and prevent hypoglycemia (i.e., it causes transient GH resistance). In this review, we focused on the influence of SIRT1 on GH signal transduction and the implications that may arise for growth processes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fedorczak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Stawerska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
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Simões-Alves AC, Costa-Silva JH, Bassot A, Leandro CG, Pirola L, Fernandes MP, Morio B. Diet enriched in saturated fatty acids induces liver oxidative stress and elicits inflammatory pathways prior to metabolic disruption in perinatal protein undernutrition. Nutr Res 2023; 118:104-115. [PMID: 37634306 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The impact of diets high in saturated fatty acids in individuals who have undergone maternal protein restriction is not clear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a saturated fatty acid-enriched hyperlipidic diet (HL) affects liver expression of genes of the redox balance and inflammatory pathway in postweaning rat offspring subjected to maternal protein restriction. Pregnant Wistar rats received either a control (C; 19% protein) or low protein (LP; 8% protein) diet during gestation and lactation. At weaning, pups received either C or HL diets up to 90 days of life. The LP+HL group showed an upregulation of transcription of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (+48%) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator α (+96%) compared with the LP+C group (P < .05), respectively. Similarly, gene expression of the markers of inflammation, nuclear factor-kappa B1 (+194%) and tumor necrosis factor-α (+192%), was enhanced (P < .05). Although other antioxidant enzymes were not modified in gene expression, catalase (CAT) was 66% higher in LP+HL compared with LP+C. In contrast, CAT protein content in the liver was 50% lower in LP groups compared with C, and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) was twice as high in LP groups compared with C. Postweaning HL after maternal protein restriction induces hepatic metabolic adaptation characterized by enhanced oxidative stress, unbalanced expression in the antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2 and CAT, and activation of inflammatory pathways but does not impact circulating markers of lipid metabolism and liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiany C Simões-Alves
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre Bénite, France; Laboratory of General Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Exercise, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - João H Costa-Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre Bénite, France.
| | - Arthur Bassot
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Carol Góis Leandro
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luciano Pirola
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Mariana P Fernandes
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Exercise, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Beatrice Morio
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition (CarMeN), INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre Bénite, France
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Varghese B, Chianese U, Capasso L, Sian V, Bontempo P, Conte M, Benedetti R, Altucci L, Carafa V, Nebbioso A. SIRT1 activation promotes energy homeostasis and reprograms liver cancer metabolism. J Transl Med 2023; 21:627. [PMID: 37715252 PMCID: PMC10504761 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells are characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and impaired bioenergetics. Sirtuins are a family of highly conserved enzymes that play a fundamental role in energy metabolism regulation. SIRT1, in particular, drives many physiological stress responses and metabolic pathways following nutrient deprivation. We previously showed that SIRT1 activation using SCIC2.1 was able to attenuate genotoxic response and senescence. Here, we report that in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells under glucose-deprived conditions, SCIC2.1 treatment induced overexpression of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6, modulating metabolic response. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle. The MTT assay and xCELLigence system were used to measure cell viability and proliferation. In vitro enzymatic assays were carried out as directed by the manufacturer, and the absorbance was measured with an automated Infinite M1000 reader. Western blotting and immunoprecipitation were used to evaluate the expression of various proteins described in this study. The relative expression of genes was studied using real-time PCR. We employed a Seahorse XF24 Analyzer to determine the metabolic state of the cells. Oil Red O staining was used to measure lipid accumulation. RESULTS SCIC2.1 significantly promoted mitochondrial biogenesis via the AMPK-p53-PGC1α pathway and enhanced mitochondrial ATP production under glucose deprivation. SIRT1 inhibition by Ex-527 further supported our hypothesis that metabolic effects are dependent on SIRT1 activation. Interestingly, SCIC2.1 reprogrammed glucose metabolism and fatty acid oxidation for bioenergetic circuits by repressing de novo lipogenesis. In addition, SCIC2.1-mediated SIRT1 activation strongly modulated antioxidant response through SIRT3 activation, and p53-dependent stress response via indirect recruitment of SIRT6. CONCLUSION Our results show that SCIC2.1 is able to promote energy homeostasis, attenuating metabolic stress under glucose deprivation via activation of SIRT1. These findings shed light on the metabolic action of SIRT1 in the pathogenesis of HCC and may help determine future therapies for this and, possibly, other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benluvankar Varghese
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Chianese
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Capasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Sian
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Conte
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
- Biogem, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Italy.
- IEOS CNR, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Biogem, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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Dellinger RW, Holmes HE, Hu-Seliger T, Butt RW, Harrison SA, Mozaffarian D, Chen O, Guarente L. Nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene reduces markers of hepatic inflammation in NAFLD: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Hepatology 2023; 78:863-877. [PMID: 36082508 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing globally and on a path to becoming the most frequent cause of chronic liver disease. Strategies for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD are urgently needed. APPROACH AND RESULTS A 6-month prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of daily NRPT (commercially known as Basis, a combination of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene) supplementation in 111 adults with NAFLD. The study consisted of three arms: placebo, recommended daily dose of NRPT (NRPT 1×), and a double dose of NRPT (NRPT 2×). NRPT appeared safe and well tolerated. At the end of the study, no significant change was seen in the primary endpoint of hepatic fat fraction with respect to placebo. However, among prespecified secondary outcomes, a time-dependent decrease in the circulating levels of the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) was observed in the NRPT 1× group, and this decrease was significant with respect to placebo. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the circulating levels of the toxic lipid ceramide 14:0 was also observed in the NRPT 1× group versus placebo, and this decrease was associated with a decrease in ALT in individuals of this group. A dose-dependent effect was not observed with respect to ALT, GGT, or ceramide 14:0 in the NRPT 2× group. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that NRPT at the recommended dose is safe and may hold promise in lowering markers of hepatic inflammation in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy , Tufts University , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Oliver Chen
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy , Tufts University , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
- Biofortis Research , Addison , Illinois , USA
| | - Leonard Guarente
- Elysium Health New York , New York , New York , USA
- Department of Biology , MIT , Cambridge , Massachusetts , USA
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Słuczanowska-Głabowska S, Salmanowicz M, Staniszewska M, Pawlik A. The Role of Sirtuins in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10782. [PMID: 37445960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a genetic basis. It is characterised by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, parakeratosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Psoriasis negatively affects a patient's physical and emotional quality of life. Sirtuins (SIRTs; silent information regulators) are an evolutionarily conserved group of enzymes involved in the post-translational modification of proteins, including deacetylation, polyADP-ribosylation, demalonylation and lipoamidation. SIRTs are involved in a number of cellular pathways related to ageing, inflammation, oxidative stress, epigenetics, tumorigenesis, the cell cycle, DNA repair and cell proliferation, positioning them as an essential component in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including psoriasis. Activation of SIRT1 counteracts oxidative-stress-induced damage by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways and may mitigate pathological events in psoriasis. There is a significant reduction in the expression of SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT4 and SIRT5 and an increase in the expression of SIRT6 and SIRT7 in psoriasis. The aim of the review is to draw the attention of physicians and scientists to the importance of SIRTs in dermatology and to provide a basis and impetus for future discussions, research and pharmacological discoveries to modulate SIRT activity. In light of the analysis of the mode of action of SIRTs in psoriasis, SIRT1-SIRT5 agonists and SIRT6 and SIRT7 inhibitors may represent new therapeutic options for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Salmanowicz
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marzena Staniszewska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
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Han H, Li J, Tian L, Pei L, Zheng M. Through regulation of the SIRT1 pathway plant sterol ester of α-linolenic acid inhibits pyroptosis thereby attenuating the development of NASH in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109408. [PMID: 37336331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrated that pyroptosis and subsequent inflammation played an important role in the pathological process of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Plant sterol ester of α-linolenic acid (PS-ALA) was beneficial for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. This study aims to investigate whether PS-ALA can protect against proptosis via regulating SIRT1. Thirty male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet, a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFCD), or a HFCD supplemented with either 1.3%ALA, 2%PS, or 3.3% PS-ALA for 24 weeks. Hepatocytes were treated with oleic acid and cholesterol (OA/Cho) with or without PS-ALA. We found that PS-ALA ameliorated NASH in HFCD-fed mice. In addition, PS-ALA decreased the expression of NLRP3 and ASC and reduced the co-localization of NLRP3 and cleave-Caspase-1. Also, PS-ALA protected against pyroptosis as evidenced by decreased co-localization of GSDMD and propidium iodide (PI) positive cells. Mechanistically, we revealed that the inhibitory action of PS-ALA on the pyroptosis was mediated by SIRT1. This was demonstrated by the fact that silencing SIRT1 with small interfering RNA or inhibition of SIRT1 with its inhibitor abolished the inhibition effect of PS-ALA on the expression of NLRP3 and GSDMD cleavage. Collectively, the data from the present study reveals a novel mechanism that PS-ALA inhibits pyroptosis and it triggered inflammation via stimulating SIRT1, which provides new insights into the beneficial effect of PS-ALA on NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR CHINA..
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR CHINA
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR CHINA
| | - Liyuan Pei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR CHINA
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, PR CHINA..
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Han J, Li S, Wang W, Jiang X, Liu C, Lei L, Li Y, Sheng R, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Si S. SIRT1 Activator E1231 Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Lipid Metabolism. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5052-5070. [PMID: 37367070 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases. Silencing information regulator 1 (SIRT1) was demonstrated to modulate cholesterol and lipid metabolism in NAFLD. Here, a novel SIRT1 activator, E1231, was studied for its potential improvement effects on NAFLD. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFHC) for 40 weeks to create a NAFLD mouse model, and E1231 was administered by oral gavage (50 mg/kg body weight, once/day) for 4 weeks. Liver-related plasma biochemistry parameter tests, Oil Red O staining, and hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that E1231 treatment ameliorated plasma dyslipidemia, plasma marker levels of liver damage (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), liver total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) contents, and obviously decreased hepatic steatosis score and NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) in the NAFLD mouse model. Western blot results showed that E1231 treatment significantly regulated lipid-metabolism-related protein expression. In particular, E1231 treatment increased SIRT1, PGC-1α, and p-AMPKα protein expression but decreased ACC and SCD-1 protein expression. Additionally, in vitro studies demonstrated that E1231 inhibited lipid accumulation and improved mitochondrial function in free-fatty-acid-challenged hepatocytes, and required SIRT1 activation. In conclusion, this study illustrated that the SIRT1 activator E1231 alleviated HFHC-induced NAFLD development and improved liver injury by regulating the SIRT1-AMPKα pathway, and might be a promising candidate compound for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxue Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shunwang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xinhai Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chao Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lijuan Lei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yining Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ren Sheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yexiang Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuyi Si
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
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Kim M, Kim SH, Choi JY, Park YJ. Investigating fatty liver disease-associated adverse outcome pathways of perfluorooctane sulfonate using a systems toxicology approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113781. [PMID: 37059384 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Adverse outcome pathway (AOP) frameworks help elucidate toxic mechanisms and support chemical regulation. AOPs link a molecular initiating event (MIE), key events (KEs), and an adverse outcome by key event relationships (KERs), which assess the biological plausibility, essentiality, and empirical evidence involved. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a hazardous poly-fluoroalkyl substance, demonstrates hepatotoxicity in rodents. PFOS may induce fatty liver disease (FLD) in humans; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the toxic mechanisms of PFOS-associated FLD by developing an AOP using publicly available data. We identified MIE and KEs by performing GO enrichment analysis on PFOS- and FLD-associated target genes collected from public databases. The MIEs and KEs were then prioritized by PFOS-gene-phenotype-FLD networks, AOP-helpFinder, and KEGG pathway analyses. Following a comprehensive literature review, an AOP was then developed. Finally, six KEs for the AOP of FLD were identified. This AOP indicated that toxicological processes initiated by SIRT1 inhibition led to SREBP-1c activation, de novo fatty acid synthesis, and fatty acid and triglyceride accumulation, culminating in liver steatosis. Our study provides insights into the toxic mechanism of PFOS-induced FLD and suggests approaches to assessing the risk of toxic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moosoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, 48434, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Sapatini LRL, Calsa B, Marim LJ, Helaehil JV, Chiarotto GB, Corezola do Amaral ME. Caloric restriction prevents inflammation and insulin dysfunction in middle-aged ovariectomized mice. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08508-z. [PMID: 37208539 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of ovarian function is associated with increased visceral fat. In this study, we aimed to study the effects of caloric restriction (CR) on metabolism in ovariectomized mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Female, 8-12-month-old mice were divided into three groups: OVX (ovariectomized mice), OVXR (40% CR) and Sham. CR increased insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. AMPK phosphorylation was observed in the liver of OVXR mice. CR also increased hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The reductions in the level of TBARS in the serum and liver and of H2O2 in the liver of OVXR mice suggested alterations in the redox state of the liver. Although expression of catalase protein was reduced by CR, expression of superoxide dismutase was not altered by CR. Although interleukin IL-6 and IL-10 levels in OVXR mice were similar to those in Sham mice, macrophage infiltration was reduced in OVXR mice. OVXR mice had increased sirtuin1 levels and decreased sirtuin3 levels in the liver. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, CR improved the condition of ovariectomized mice by reducing adiposity and increasing insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance through a mechanism that may involve AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Roberta Leme Sapatini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Av. Maximiliano Barutto nº 500, Jardim Universitário, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Bruno Calsa
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Av. Maximiliano Barutto nº 500, Jardim Universitário, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lais Jorge Marim
- Physiotherapy College, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, FHO, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlia Venturini Helaehil
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Av. Maximiliano Barutto nº 500, Jardim Universitário, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bortolança Chiarotto
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Av. Maximiliano Barutto nº 500, Jardim Universitário, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Maria Esméria Corezola do Amaral
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Av. Maximiliano Barutto nº 500, Jardim Universitário, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil.
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Zaiou M. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ as a Target and Regulator of Epigenetic Mechanisms in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081205. [PMID: 37190114 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) belongs to the superfamily of nuclear receptors that control the transcription of multiple genes. Although it is found in many cells and tissues, PPARγ is mostly expressed in the liver and adipose tissue. Preclinical and clinical studies show that PPARγ targets several genes implicated in various forms of chronic liver disease, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Clinical trials are currently underway to investigate the beneficial effects of PPARγ agonists on NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Understanding PPARγ regulators may therefore aid in unraveling the mechanisms governing the development and progression of NAFLD. Recent advances in high-throughput biology and genome sequencing have greatly facilitated the identification of epigenetic modifiers, including DNA methylation, histone modifiers, and non-coding RNAs as key factors that regulate PPARγ in NAFLD. In contrast, little is still known about the particular molecular mechanisms underlying the intricate relationships between these events. The paper that follows outlines our current understanding of the crosstalk between PPARγ and epigenetic regulators in NAFLD. Advances in this field are likely to aid in the development of early noninvasive diagnostics and future NAFLD treatment strategies based on PPARγ epigenetic circuit modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zaiou
- Institut Jean-Lamour, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7198 CNRS, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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Kong M, Peng Y, Qiu L. Oligochitosan-based nanovesicles for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease treatment via the FXR/miR-34a/SIRT1 regulatory loop. Acta Biomater 2023; 164:435-446. [PMID: 37040811 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently a common chronic liver disease worldwide. By now, however, there isn't any FDA-approved specific drug for NAFLD treatment. It has been noticed that farnesoid X receptor (FXR), miR-34a and Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is related to the occurrence and development of NAFLD. A oligochitosan-derivated nanovesicle (UBC) with esterase responsive degradability was designed to co-encapsulate FXR agonist (obeticholic acid, OCA) and miR-34a antagomir (anta-miR-34a) into the hydrophobic membrane and the center aqueous lumen of nanovesicles, respectively, by dialysis method. The action of UBC/OCA/anta-miR-34a loop on the regulation of lipid deposition via nanovesicles was evaluated on high-fat HepG2 cells and HFD-induced mice. The obtained dual drug-loaded nanovesicles UBC/OCA/anta-miR-34a could enhance the cellular uptake and intracellular release of OCA and anta-miR-34a, leading to the reduced lipid deposition in high-fat HepG2 cells. In NAFLD mice models, UBC/OCA/anta-miR-34a achieved the best curative effect on the recovery of body weight and hepatic function. Meanwhile, in vitro and vivo experiments validated that UBC/OCA/anta-miR-34a effectively activated the expression level of SIRT1 by enhancing the FXR/miR-34a/SIRT1 regulatory loop. This study provides a promising strategy for constructing oligochitosan-derivated nanovesicles to co-deliver OCA and anta-miR-34a for NAFLD treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study proposed a strategy to construct oligochitosan-derivated nanovesicles to co-deliver obeticholic acid and miR-34a antagomir for NAFLD treatment. Based on the FXR/miR-34a/SIRT1 action loop, this nanovesicle effectively exerted a synergetic effect of OCA and anta-miR-34a to significantly regulate lipid deposition and recover liver function in NAFLD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Kong
- Ministry of Educational (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Ministry of Educational (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liyan Qiu
- Ministry of Educational (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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