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Shen W, Zhao M, Xu W, Shi X, Ren F, Tu P, Gao N, Shan J, Gao B. Sex-Specific Effects of Polystyrene Microplastic and Lead(II) Co-Exposure on the Gut Microbiome and Fecal Metabolome in C57BL/6 Mice. Metabolites 2024; 14:189. [PMID: 38668317 PMCID: PMC11051764 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The wide spread of microplastics has fueled growing public health concern globally. Due to their porous structure and large surface area, microplastics can serve as carriers for other environmental pollutants, including heavy metals. Although the toxic effects of microplastics or heavy metals have been reported previously, investigations into the sex-differential health effects of combined exposure to microplastics and heavy metals are lacking. In the present study, the effects of polystyrene microplastics and lead(II) co-exposure on the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability, and fecal metabolome were examined in both male and female mice. Combined exposure of polystyrene microplastics and lead(II) increased intestinal permeability in both male and female mice. Sex-specific responses to the co-exposure were found in gut bacteria, fungi, microbial metabolic pathways, microbial genes encoding antibiotic resistance and virulence factors, as well as fecal metabolic profiles. In particular, Shannon and Simpson indices of gut bacteria were reduced by the co-exposure only in female mice. A total of 34 and 13 fecal metabolites were altered in the co-exposure group in female and male mice, respectively, among which only three metabolites were shared by both sexes. These sex-specific responses to the co-exposure need to be taken into consideration when investigating the combined toxic effects of microplastics and heavy metals on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishou Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (W.S.); (M.Z.); (X.S.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative In-Novation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Institute of Soil Health and Climate-Smart Agriculture, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (W.S.); (M.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Weichen Xu
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (W.X.); (J.S.)
| | - Xiaochun Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (W.S.); (M.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Fangfang Ren
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (F.R.); (N.G.)
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China;
| | - Nan Gao
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (F.R.); (N.G.)
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (W.X.); (J.S.)
| | - Bei Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Key Laboratory of Hydrometeorological Disaster Mechanism and Warning of Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Manu DR, Slevin M, Barcutean L, Forro T, Boghitoiu T, Balasa R. Astrocyte Involvement in Blood-Brain Barrier Function: A Critical Update Highlighting Novel, Complex, Neurovascular Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17146. [PMID: 38138976 PMCID: PMC10743219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders have been linked to a defective blood-brain barrier (BBB), with dysfunctions triggered by stage-specific disease mechanisms, some of these being generated through interactions in the neurovascular unit (NVU). Advanced knowledge of molecular and signaling mechanisms in the NVU and the emergence of improved experimental models allow BBB permeability prediction and the development of new brain-targeted therapies. As NVU constituents, astrocytes are the most numerous glial cells, characterized by a heterogeneity that occurs as a result of developmental and context-based gene expression profiles and the differential expression of non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs). Due to their heterogeneity and dynamic responses to different signals, astrocytes may have a beneficial or detrimental role in the BBB's barrier function, with deep effects on the pathophysiology of (and on the progression of) central nervous system diseases. The implication of astrocytic-derived extracellular vesicles in pathological mechanisms, due to their ability to pass the BBB, must also be considered. The molecular mechanisms of astrocytes' interaction with endothelial cells at the BBB level are considered promising therapeutic targets in different neurological conditions. Nevertheless, a personalized and well-founded approach must be addressed, due to the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of reactive astrogliosis states during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Ramona Manu
- Centre for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.R.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Mark Slevin
- Centre for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.R.M.); (M.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK
| | - Laura Barcutean
- Neurology 1 Clinic, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Timea Forro
- Doctoral School, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Tudor Boghitoiu
- Psychiatry II Clinic, County Clinical Hospital, 540072 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Rodica Balasa
- Neurology 1 Clinic, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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Ji Y, Huang W, Chen Y, Zhang X, Wu F, Tang W, Lu Z, Huang C. Inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 attenuates surgery-induced cognitive impairment in aged mice. Brain Res Bull 2023; 204:110810. [PMID: 37939860 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has shown potential in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases, and perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is accompanied by the increased expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the hippocampus. However, the effect of inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 on PND is not clear. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 on cognitive function in the aged mice after surgery, in order to find a possible target for the prevention and treatment of PND METHODS: In this study, 14-month-old C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a PND model by tibial fracture surgery and sevoflurane anesthesia. Three days later, part of the mice were subjected to cognitive assessment and the other was sacrificed for biochemical analysis. We used the Novel object recognition test and Fear conditioning test to evaluate the postoperative cognitive function of mice. The expression of mmp-2 and MMP-9 was detected by western blotting. We also examined the expression of claudin-5 and occludin using Western blotting, and the activation of microglia and astrocytes using immunofluorescence. RESULTS The results showed that surgery increased the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the hippocampus of mice, accompanied by cognitive impairment, decreased expression of claudin-5 and occludin, and increased activation of microglia and astrocytes. However, inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression by SB-3CT reversed these changes. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 alleviates anesthesia/surgery-induced cognitive decline by increasing BBB integrity and inhibiting glial cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanbo Huang
- Ningbo University Health Science Center, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xincai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wan Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zihui Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changshun Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China.
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Ahmadighadykolaei H, Lambert JA, Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh M. TIMP-1 Protects Tight Junctions of Brain Endothelial Cells From MMP-Mediated Degradation. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2121-2131. [PMID: 37700105 PMCID: PMC10878538 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a critical role in central nervous system homeostasis, and the integrity of BBB is disrupted in many neurodegenerative diseases. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade the tight junctions (TJs) of endothelial cells and basement membrane components essential to BBB integrity, which leads to increased BBB permeability and allows inflammatory cells and neurotoxic substances to enter the brain. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), endogenous inhibitors of MMPs, regulate MMP activity, thereby maintaining BBB integrity. METHODS The disruptive impacts of MMP-3 and MMP-9 on BBB and protective effect of TIMP-1 were investigated in a simplified in vitro model of the BBB, which was generated using rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMEC). The main features of BBB formation, including permeability and the trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER), were monitored over time after the addition of MMP-3 and MMP-9 and their complexes with TIMP-1 inhibitor. RESULTS Our results indicated that MMP-3 and MMP-9 caused a dose-dependent disruption of the BBB, with 1.5 µM MMPs resulting in an over threefold increase in permeability, while TIMP-1 inhibition protected the integrity of the BBB model and recovered TEER and permeability of RBMECs. The disruption and recovery of tight junction proteins of RBMECs after MMP and TIMP treatment were also detected using fluorescent microscopy. CONCLUSION MMP-9 and MMP-3 disrupt the BBB by degrading tight junctions in endothelial cells, and TIMP-1 could inhibit the disruptive effect of MMP-3 and MMP-9 by showing potential as therapeutic protein against MMP-related diseases where BBB disruption plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannaneh Ahmadighadykolaei
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Janet A Lambert
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Maryam Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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Chang H, Ma J, Feng K, Feng N, Wang X, Sun J, Guo T, Wei Y, Xu Y, Wang H, Yin L, Zhang X. Elevated blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of microglial activation and blood‒brain barrier disruption in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:172. [PMID: 37481571 PMCID: PMC10363307 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disease characterized by complex neuropsychiatric syndrome and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NMDAR antibodies. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) has been reported to be associated with inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and cluster of differentiation (CD44) were measured to evaluate blood‒brain barrier (BBB) permeability in anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The roles of microglial activation and BBB disruption in anti-NMDAR encephalitis are not well known. FINDINGS In this work, we detected increased expression levels of CSF sTREM2, CSF and serum CD44, and serum MMP9 in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients compared with controls. CSF sTREM2 levels were positively related to both CSF CD44 levels (r = 0.702, p < 0.0001) and serum MMP9 levels (r = 0.428, p = 0.021). In addition, CSF sTREM2 levels were related to clinical parameters (modified Rankin Scale scores, r = 0.422, p = 0.023, and Glasgow Coma Scale scores, r = - 0.401, p = 0.031). CONCLUSION Increased sTREM2 levels in CSF as well as increased CD44 and MMP9 in serum and CSF reflected activation of microglia and disruption of the BBB in anti-NMDAR encephalitis, expanding the understanding of neuroinflammation in this disease. The factors mentioned above may have potential as novel targets for intervention or novel diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiao Chang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jia Ma
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Shunyi Hospital, Beijing, 101300, China
| | - Kai Feng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Shunyi Hospital, Beijing, 101300, China
| | - Ning Feng
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan, 475001, China
| | - Jiali Sun
- Department of Neurology, Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Tianshu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yuzhen Wei
- Department of Neurology, Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Huabing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Linlin Yin
- Department of Neurology, Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Xinghu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
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Li N, Wen L, Shen Y, Li T, Wang T, Qiao M, Song L, Huang X. Differential expression of SLC30A10 and RAGE in mouse pups by early life lead exposure. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127233. [PMID: 37315391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SLC30A10 and RAGE are widely recognized as pivotal regulators of Aβ plaque transport and accumulation. Prior investigations have established a link between early lead exposure and cerebral harm in offspring, attributable to Aβ buildup and amyloid plaque deposition. However, the impact of lead on the protein expression of SLC30A10 and RAGE has yet to be elucidated. This study seeks to confirm the influence of maternal lead exposure during pregnancy, specifically through lead-containing drinking water, on the protein expression of SLC30A10 and RAGE in mice offspring. Furthermore, this research aims to provide further evidence of lead-induced neurotoxicity. METHODS Four cohorts of mice were subjected to lead exposure at concentrations of 0 mM, 0.25 mM, 0.5 mM, and 1 mM over a period of 42 uninterrupted days, spanning from pregnancy to the weaning phase. On postnatal day 21, the offspring mice underwent assessments. The levels of lead in the blood, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex were scrutinized, while the mice's cognitive abilities pertaining to learning and memory were probed through the utilization of the Morris water maze. Furthermore, Western blotting and immunofluorescence techniques were employed to analyze the expression levels of SLC30A10 and RAGE in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. RESULTS The findings revealed a significant elevation in lead concentration within the brains and bloodstreams of mice, mirroring the increased lead exposure experienced by their mothers during the designated period (P < 0.05). Notably, in the Morris water maze assessment, the lead-exposed group exhibited noticeably diminished spatial memory compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Both immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses effectively demonstrated the concomitant impact of varying lead exposure levels on the hippocampal and cerebral cortex regions of the offspring. The expression levels of SLC30A10 displayed a negative correlation with lead doses (P < 0.05). Surprisingly, under identical circumstances, the expression of RAGE in the hippocampus and cortex of the offspring exhibited a positive correlation with lead doses (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION SLC30A10 potentially exerts distinct influence on exacerbated Aβ accumulation and transportation in contrast to RAGE. Disparities in brain expression of RAGE and SLC30A10 may contribute to the neurotoxic effects induced by lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, PR China.
| | - Liuding Wen
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, PR China
| | - Yue Shen
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, PR China
| | - Tiange Li
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, PR China
| | - Tianlin Wang
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, PR China
| | - Mingwu Qiao
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, PR China
| | - Lianjun Song
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, PR China
| | - Xianqing Huang
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, PR China.
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Vielee ST, Wise JP. Among Gerontogens, Heavy Metals Are a Class of Their Own: A Review of the Evidence for Cellular Senescence. Brain Sci 2023; 13:500. [PMID: 36979310 PMCID: PMC10046019 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in modern medicine have improved the quality of life across the globe and increased the average lifespan of our population by multiple decades. Current estimates predict by 2030, 12% of the global population will reach a geriatric age and live another 3-4 decades. This swelling geriatric population will place critical stress on healthcare infrastructures due to accompanying increases in age-related diseases and comorbidities. While much research focused on long-lived individuals seeks to answer questions regarding how to age healthier, there is a deficit in research investigating what aspects of our lives accelerate or exacerbate aging. In particular, heavy metals are recognized as a significant threat to human health with links to a plethora of age-related diseases, and have widespread human exposures from occupational, medical, or environmental settings. We believe heavy metals ought to be classified as a class of gerontogens (i.e., chemicals that accelerate biological aging in cells and tissues). Gerontogens may be best studied through their effects on the "Hallmarks of Aging", nine physiological hallmarks demonstrated to occur in aged cells, tissues, and bodies. Evidence suggests that cellular senescence-a permanent growth arrest in cells-is one of the most pertinent hallmarks of aging and is a useful indicator of aging in tissues. Here, we discuss the roles of heavy metals in brain aging. We briefly discuss brain aging in general, then expand upon observations for heavy metals contributing to age-related neurodegenerative disorders. We particularly emphasize the roles and observations of cellular senescence in neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss the observations for heavy metals inducing cellular senescence. The glaring lack of knowledge about gerontogens and gerontogenic mechanisms necessitates greater research in the field, especially in the context of the global aging crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T. Vielee
- Pediatrics Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - John P. Wise
- Pediatrics Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Yue J, Tan Y, Huan R, Guo J, Yang S, Deng M, Xiong Y, Han G, Liu L, Liu J, Cheng Y, Zha Y, Zhang J. Mast cell activation mediates blood-brain barrier impairment and cognitive dysfunction in septic mice in a histamine-dependent pathway. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1090288. [PMID: 36817492 PMCID: PMC9929573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1090288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a diffuse cerebral dysfunction resulting from a systemic inflammatory response to infection; however, its pathophysiology remains unclear. Sepsis-induced neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption are crucial factors in brain function disturbance in SAE. Mast cells (MCs) activation plays an important role in several neuroinflammation models; however, its role in SAE has not been comprehensively investigated. Methods We first established a SAE model by cecal ligation puncture (CLP) surgery and checked the activation of MCs. MCs activation was checked using immumohistochemical staining and Toluidine Blue staining. We administrated cromolyn (10mg/ml), a MC stabilizer, to rescue the septic mice. Brain cytokines levels were measured using biochemical assays. BBB disruption was assessed by measuring levels of key tight-junction (TJ) proteins. Cognitive function of mice was analyzed by Y maze and open field test. Transwell cultures of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) co-cultured with MCs were used to assess the interaction of BMVECs and MCs. Results Results showed that MCs were overactivated in the hippocampus of CLP-induced SAE mice. Cromolyn intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection substantially inhibited the MCs activation and neuroinflammation responses, ameliorated BBB impairment, improved the survival rate and alleviated cognitive dysfunction in septic mice. In vitro experiments, we revealed that MCs activation increased the sensitivity of BMVECs against to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Furthermore, we found that the histamine/histamine 1 receptor (H1R) mediated the interaction between MCs and BMVECs, and amplifies the LPS-induced inflammatory responses in BMVECs by modulating the TLR2/4-MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusions MCs activation could mediate BBB impairment and cognitive dysfunction in septic mice in a histamine-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhe Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Renzheng Huan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Mei Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunbiao Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Guoqiang Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zha
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiqin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
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Jin H, Yang C, Jiang C, Li L, Pan M, Li D, Han X, Ding J. Evaluation of Neurotoxicity in BALB/c Mice following Chronic Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:107002. [PMID: 36251724 PMCID: PMC9555296 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The toxicity of microplastics (MPs) has attracted wide attention from researchers. Previous studies have indicated that MPs produce toxic effects on a variety of organs in aquatic organisms and mammals. However, the exact neurotoxicity of MPs in mammals is still unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to confirm the neurotoxicity of chronic exposure to polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) at environmental pollution concentrations. METHODS In the present study, mice were provided drinking water containing 100μg/L and 1,000μg/L PS-MPs with diameters of 0.5, 4, and 10μm for 180 consecutive days. After the exposure period, the mice were anesthetized to gain brain tissues. The accumulation of PS-MPs in brain tissues, integrity of the blood-brain barrier, inflammation, and spine density were detected. We evaluated learning and memory ability by the Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. RESULTS We observed the accumulation of PS-MPs with various particle diameters (0.5, 4, and 10μm) in the brains of exposed mice. Meanwhile, exposed mice also exhibited disruption of the blood-brain barrier, higher level of dendritic spine density, and an inflammatory response in the hippocampus. In addition, exposed mice exhibited cognitive and memory deficits compared with control mice as determined using the Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests, respectively. There was a concentration-dependent trend, but no particle size-dependent differences were seen in the neurotoxicity of MPs. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results suggested that PS-MPs exposure can lead to learning and memory dysfunctions and induce neurotoxic effects in mice, findings which have wide-ranging implications for the public regarding the potential risks of MPs. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10255.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Jin
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengyue Jiang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Luxi Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Mengge Pan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Lab-Attenuated Rabies Virus Facilitates Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Inducing Matrix Metallopeptidase 8. J Virol 2022; 96:e0105022. [PMID: 36005758 PMCID: PMC9472762 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01050-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with laboratory-attenuated rabies virus (RABV), but not wild-type (wt) RABV, can enhance the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is considered a key determinant for RABV pathogenicity. A previous study showed that the enhancement of BBB permeability is directly due not to RABV infection but to virus-induced inflammatory molecules. In this study, the effect of the matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) family on the permeability of the BBB during RABV infection was evaluated. We found that the expression level of MMP8 was upregulated in mice infected with lab-attenuated RABV but not with wt RABV. Lab-attenuated RABV rather than wt RABV activates inflammatory signaling pathways mediated by the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Activated NF-κB (p65) and AP-1 (c-Fos) bind to the MMP8 promoter, resulting in upregulation of its transcription. Analysis of mouse brains infected with the recombinant RABV expressing MMP8 indicated that MMP8 enhanced BBB permeability, leading to infiltration of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system (CNS). In brain-derived endothelial cells, treatment with MMP8 recombinant protein caused the degradation of tight junction (TJ) proteins, and the application of an MMP8 inhibitor inhibited the degradation of TJ proteins after RABV infection. Furthermore, an in vivo experiment using an MMP8 inhibitor during RABV infection demonstrated that BBB opening was diminished. In summary, our data suggest that the infection of lab-attenuated RABV enhances the BBB opening by upregulating MMP8. IMPORTANCE The ability to change BBB permeability was associated with the pathogenicity of RABV. BBB permeability was enhanced by infection with lab-attenuated RABV instead of wt RABV, allowing immune cells to infiltrate into the CNS. We found that MMP8 plays an important role in enhancing BBB permeability by degradation of TJ proteins during RABV infection. Using an MMP8 selective inhibitor restores the reduction of TJ proteins. We reveal that MMP8 is upregulated via the MAPK and NF-κB inflammatory pathways, activated by lab-attenuated RABV infection but not wt RABV. Our findings suggest that MMP8 has a critical role in modulating the opening of the BBB during RABV infection, which provides fresh insight into developing effective therapeutics for rabies and infection with other neurotropic viruses.
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11
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Vicente-Acosta A, Ceprian M, Sobrino P, Pazos MR, Loría F. Cannabinoids as Glial Cell Modulators in Ischemic Stroke: Implications for Neuroprotection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:888222. [PMID: 35721207 PMCID: PMC9199389 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.888222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide following coronary heart disease. Despite significant efforts to find effective treatments to reduce neurological damage, many patients suffer from sequelae that impair their quality of life. For this reason, the search for new therapeutic options for the treatment of these patients is a priority. Glial cells, including microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, participate in crucial processes that allow the correct functioning of the neural tissue, being actively involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic stroke. Although the exact mechanisms by which glial cells contribute in the pathophysiological context of stroke are not yet completely understood, they have emerged as potentially therapeutic targets to improve brain recovery. The endocannabinoid system has interesting immunomodulatory and protective effects in glial cells, and the pharmacological modulation of this signaling pathway has revealed potential neuroprotective effects in different neurological diseases. Therefore, here we recapitulate current findings on the potential promising contribution of the endocannabinoid system pharmacological manipulation in glial cells for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Vicente-Acosta
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Ceprian
- ERC Team, PGNM, INSERM U1315, CNRS UMR5261, University of Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pilar Sobrino
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Maria Ruth Pazos
- Laboratorio de Apoyo a la Investigación, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Frida Loría
- Laboratorio de Apoyo a la Investigación, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Spain
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12
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Laminin as a Biomarker of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption under Neuroinflammation: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126788. [PMID: 35743229 PMCID: PMC9224176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminin, a non-collagenous glycoprotein present in the brain extracellular matrix, helps to maintain blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and regulation. Neuroinflammation can compromise laminin structure and function, increasing BBB permeability. The aim of this paper is to determine if neuroinflammation-induced laminin functional changes may serve as a potential biomarker of alterations in the BBB. The 38 publications included evaluated neuroinflammation, BBB disruption, and laminin, and were assessed for quality and risk of bias (protocol registered in PROSPERO; CRD42020212547). We found that laminin may be a good indicator of BBB overall structural integrity, although changes in expression are dependent on the pathologic or experimental model used. In ischemic stroke, permanent vascular damage correlates with increased laminin expression (β and γ subunits), while transient damage correlates with reduced laminin expression (α subunits). Laminin was reduced in traumatic brain injury and cerebral hemorrhage studies but increased in multiple sclerosis and status epilepticus studies. Despite these observations, there is limited knowledge about the role played by different subunits or isoforms (such as 411 or 511) of laminin in maintaining structural architecture of the BBB under neuroinflammation. Further studies may clarify this aspect and the possibility of using laminin as a biomarker in different pathologies, which have alterations in BBB function in common.
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13
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Forero-Rodríguez LJ, Josephs-Spaulding J, Flor S, Pinzón A, Kaleta C. Parkinson's Disease and the Metal-Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis: A Systems Toxicology Approach. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:71. [PMID: 35052575 PMCID: PMC8773335 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, leading to motor and non-motor complications. Autonomic alterations, including gastrointestinal symptoms, precede motor defects and act as early warning signs. Chronic exposure to dietary, environmental heavy metals impacts the gastrointestinal system and host-associated microbiome, eventually affecting the central nervous system. The correlation between dysbiosis and PD suggests a functional and bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. The bioaccumulation of metals promotes stress mechanisms by increasing reactive oxygen species, likely altering the bidirectional gut-brain link. To better understand the differing molecular mechanisms underlying PD, integrative modeling approaches are necessary to connect multifactorial perturbations in this heterogeneous disorder. By exploring the effects of gut microbiota modulation on dietary heavy metal exposure in relation to PD onset, the modification of the host-associated microbiome to mitigate neurological stress may be a future treatment option against neurodegeneration through bioremediation. The progressive movement towards a systems toxicology framework for precision medicine can uncover molecular mechanisms underlying PD onset such as metal regulation and microbial community interactions by developing predictive models to better understand PD etiology to identify options for novel treatments and beyond. Several methodologies recently addressed the complexity of this interaction from different perspectives; however, to date, a comprehensive review of these approaches is still lacking. Therefore, our main aim through this manuscript is to fill this gap in the scientific literature by reviewing recently published papers to address the surrounding questions regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms between metals, microbiota, and the gut-brain-axis, as well as the regulation of this system to prevent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lady Johanna Forero-Rodríguez
- Research Group Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Instituto de Genetica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (L.J.F.-R.); (A.P.)
- Research Group Medical Systems Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (S.F.); (C.K.)
| | - Jonathan Josephs-Spaulding
- Research Group Medical Systems Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (S.F.); (C.K.)
| | - Stefano Flor
- Research Group Medical Systems Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (S.F.); (C.K.)
| | - Andrés Pinzón
- Research Group Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Instituto de Genetica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (L.J.F.-R.); (A.P.)
| | - Christoph Kaleta
- Research Group Medical Systems Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (S.F.); (C.K.)
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14
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Fu Y, Xing R, Wang L, Yang L, Jiang B. Neurovascular protection of salvianolic acid B and ginsenoside Rg1 combination against acute ischemic stroke in rats. Neuroreport 2021; 32:1140-1146. [PMID: 34284451 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke continues to be a major global health problem associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. Thus, it is still targeted by researchers for developing new strategies or drugs to alleviate the lesion of stroke. In the present study, both the permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) model and the restoration of cerebral blood flow after middle cerebral artery occlusion (CI/R) model were set up for evaluating the efficiency of salvianolic acid B and ginsenoside Rg1 combination (SalB-Rg1). SalB-Rg1 decreased infarct area through 3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride stain and improved neurological behavior through Longa Score or Left-Biased Swings on both MCAO rats and CI/R rats. Neural protection of SalB-Rg1 against ischemia or ischemic reperfusion injury was evidenced by the inhibition of nucleus pyknosis, liquefaction necrosis through H&E stain and Nissl stain. Furthermore, protection of SalB-Rg1 on blood-brain barrier (BBB) was more significant on CI/R rats, accompanying with the downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9, and recovery of zonula occludens-1 expression. These results provide compelling evidence that SalB-Rg1 holds the potential to be developed as an optimal therapeutic strategy to alleviate the injury of ischemia or ischemic reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian
| | - Baohong Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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15
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Torimoto R, Ishii C, Sato H, Saito K, Watanabe Y, Ogasawara K, Kubota A, Matsukawa T, Yokoyama K, Kobayashi A, Kimura T, Nakayama SMM, Ikenaka Y, Ishizuka M. Analysis of lead distribution in avian organs by LA-ICP-MS: Study of experimentally lead-exposed ducks and kites. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117086. [PMID: 33848898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead poisoning of wild birds by ingestion of lead ammunition occurs worldwide. Histopathological changes in organs of lead-intoxicated birds are widely known, and lead concentration of each organ is measurable using mass spectrometry. However, detailed lead localization at the suborgan level has remained elusive in lead-exposed birds. Here we investigated the detailed lead localization in organs of experimentally lead-exposed ducks and kites by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). In both the ducks and kites, lead accumulated diffusely in the liver, renal cortex, and brain. Lead accumulation was restricted to the red pulp in the spleen. With regard to species differences in lead distribution patterns, it is noteworthy that intensive lead accumulation was observed in the arterial walls only in the kites. In addition, the distribution of copper in the brain was altered in the lead-exposed ducks. Thus, the present study shows suborgan lead distribution in lead-exposed birds and its differences between avian species for the first time. These findings will provide fundamental information to understand the cellular processes of lead poisoning and the mechanisms of species differences in susceptibility to lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryouta Torimoto
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ishii
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keisuke Saito
- Institute for Raptor Biomedicine Japan, Hokuto 2-2101, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 084-0922, Japan
| | - Yukiko Watanabe
- Institute for Raptor Biomedicine Japan, Hokuto 2-2101, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 084-0922, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogasawara
- Institute for Raptor Biomedicine Japan, Hokuto 2-2101, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 084-0922, Japan
| | - Ayano Kubota
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takehisa Matsukawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yokoyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Akasaka 4-1-26, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8402, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
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16
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Li C, Shi L, Wang Y, Peng C, Wu L, Zhang Y, Du Z. High-fat diet exacerbates lead-induced blood-brain barrier disruption by disrupting tight junction integrity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1412-1421. [PMID: 33749115 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to lead (Pb) can damage to the central nervous system (CNS) in humans. High-fat diet (HFD) also has been suggested to impair neurocognitive function. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a rigorous permeability barrier for maintaining homeostasis of CNS. The damage of BBB caused by tight junctions (TJs) disruption is central to the etiology of various CNS disorders. This study aimed to investigate whether HFD could exacerbate Pb exposure induced the destruction of BBB integrity by TJs disruption. To this end, we measured cell viability assay, trans-endothelial electrical resistance assay, horseradish peroxidase flux measurement, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence experiments. The results showed that palmitic acid (PA), the most common saturated fatty acid found in the human body, can increase the permeability of the BBB in vitro which formed in bEnd.3 cells induced by Pb exposure, and decrease the expression of TJs, such as zonula occludins-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. Besides, we found that PA could promote the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression and activate the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway induced by Pb. MMP-9 inhibitor or JNK inhibitor could increase BBB integrity and up-regulate the expressions of ZO-1 and occludin after treatment, respectively. Moreover, the JNK inhibitor could down-regulate the expression of MMP-9. In conclusion, these results suggested that HFD exacerbates Pb-induced BBB disruption by disrupting TJs integrity. This may be because PA promotes the activation of JNK pathway and then up-regulated the expression of MMP-9 after Pb-exposure. It is suggested that people with HFD exposed to environmental Pb may cause more serious damage to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanbo Wang
- Institute of Plastic Surgery, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lei Wu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Zhongjun Du
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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17
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Comparison Between β-Cyclodextrin-Amygdalin Nanoparticle and Amygdalin Effects on Migration and Apoptosis of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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WANG KAI, ZHANG FENGTIAN, WEN CHANGLONG, HUANG ZHIHUA, HU ZHIHAO, ZHANG YUWEN, HU FUQIANG, WEN LIJUAN. Regulation of pathological blood-brain barrier for intracranial enhanced drug delivery and anti-glioblastoma therapeutics. Oncol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.32604/or.2022.025696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
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19
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Pan XW, Wang MJ, Gong SS, Sun MH, Wang Y, Zhang YY, Li F, Yu BY, Kou JP. YiQiFuMai Lyophilized Injection ameliorates tPA-induced hemorrhagic transformation by inhibiting cytoskeletal rearrangement associated with ROCK1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113161. [PMID: 32730882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) after ischemic stroke exacerbates blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and leads to hemorrhagic transformation (HT). YiQiFuMai Lyophilized Injection (YQFM) is a modern preparation derived from Sheng-mai San (a traditional Chinese medicine). YQFM attenuates the BBB dysfunction induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, whether YQFM can suppress tPA-induced HT remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the therapeutic effect of YQFM on tPA-induced HT and explored the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro to improve the safety of tPA use against stroke. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 45 min of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion. tPA (10 mg/kg) were infused 2 h after occlusion and YQFM (0.671 g/kg) was injected 2.5 h after occlusion. The in vitro effect of YQFM (100, 200, 400 μg/mL) on tPA (60 μg/mL)-induced dysfunction of the microvascular endothelial barrier in the brain following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was observed in bEnd.3 cells. RESULTS YQFM suppressed tPA-induced high hemoglobin level in the brain, mortality, neurologic severity score, BBB permeability, expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2, and degradation of tight-junction proteins. Furthermore, YQFM significantly blocked tPA-induced brain microvascular endothelial permeability and phosphorylation of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)1, myosin light chain (MLC), cofilin and p65 in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION YQFM suppressed tPA-induced HT by inhibiting cytoskeletal rearrangement linked with ROCK-cofilin/MLC pathways and inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway to ameliorate BBB damage caused by tPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Mei-Juan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Shuai-Shuai Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Min-Hui Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Departments of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine and Shriners Hospital, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Jun-Ping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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20
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JLX001 attenuates blood-brain barrier dysfunction in MCAO/R rats via activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 260:118221. [PMID: 32768578 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
JLX001, a new dihydrochloride of Cyclovirobuxine D (CVB-D), has bioactivities against ischemia injury. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is involved in the pathogeneses of ischemic stroke. This study was designed to explore the effect and potential mechanism of JLX001 on the BBB after ischemic stroke. Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) to mimic cerebral ischemia in vivo. In vitro, rat primary brain microvascular endothelial cells (PBMECs) were cultured and exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Posttreatment of JLX001 for 15 days after MCAO/R improved the behavior, learning and memory ability. Pretreatment of JLX001 for 3 days significantly attenuated infarct volume, lessened brain edema, mitigated BBB disruption and decreased the neurological deficit score in MCAO/R rats. Moreover, JLX001 increased cell viability and reduced sodium fluorescein leakage after OGD/R injury. In addition, JLX001 increased the expressions of Claudin-5 and Occludin, decreased the expression of MMP-9 both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining and western immunoblotting results showed that JLX001 increased the expressions of tight junction proteins via activating Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway in vivo and in vitro, which may be associated with the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. Besides, XAV939 (an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway) proved the connection of JLX001 and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These results suggest that JLX001 alleviates BBB disruption after MCAO/R and OGD/R possibly by alleviating MMP-9 and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Tao Y, Zhou X, Zheng X, Li S, Mou C. Deciphering the Forebrain Disorder in a Chicken Model of Cerebral Hernia. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1008. [PMID: 32867218 PMCID: PMC7564858 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral hernia in crested chicken has been characterized as the protrusion of cerebral hemispheres into the unsealed skull for hundreds of years, since Charles Darwin. The development of deformed forebrain (telencephalon) of cerebral hernia remains largely unknown. Here, the unsealed frontal skull combined with misplaced sphenoid bone was observed and potentially associated with brain protuberance. The shifted pallidum, elongated hippocampus, expanded mesopallium and nidopallium, and reduced hyperpallium were observed in seven regions of the malformed telencephalon. The neurons were detected with nuclear pyknosis and decreased density. Astrocytes showed uneven distribution and disordered protuberances in hyperpallium and hippocampus. Transcriptome analyses of chicken telencephalon (cerebral hernia vs. control) revealed 547 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), mainly related to nervous system development, and immune system processes, including astrocyte marker gene GFAP, and neuron and astrocyte developmental gene S100A6. The upregulation of GFAP and S100A6 genes in abnormal telencephalon was correlated with reduced DNA methylation levels in the promoter regions. The morphological, cellular, and molecular variations in the shape, regional specification, and cellular states of malformed telencephalon potentially participate in brain plasticity and previously reported behavior changes. Chickens with cerebral hernia might be an interesting and valuable disease model to further explore the recognition, diagnosis, and therapy of cerebral hernia development of crested chickens and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chunyan Mou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, HuaZhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.T.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (S.L.)
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Peripheral Blood Occludin Level as a Biomarker for Perioperative Cerebral Edema in Patients with Brain Tumors. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8813535. [PMID: 32884584 PMCID: PMC7455817 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8813535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Cerebral edema is a common complication of brain tumors in the perioperative period. However, there is currently no reliable and convenient method to evaluate the extent of brain edema. The objective is to explore the effectiveness of serum occludin on predicting the extent of perioperative brain edema and outcome in patients with brain tumors. Methods This prospective study enrolled 55 patients with brain tumors and 24 healthy controls in Sanbo Brain Hospital from June 2019 through November 2019. Serum occludin levels were measured preoperatively and on postoperative day 1. Peritumoral edema was assessed preoperatively using MRI. Pericavity brain edema on postoperative day 1 was evaluated using CT. Results Compared with healthy controls, the serum occludin level was higher in patients with brain tumors both preoperatively and postoperatively (P < 0.001). The serum occludin level correlated positively with the degree of brain edema preoperatively (r = 0.78, P < 0.001) and postoperatively (r = 0.59, P < 0.001). At an optimal cutoff of 3.015 ng/mL, the preoperative serum occludin level discriminated between mild and severe preoperative brain edema with a sensitivity of 90.48% and specificity of 84.62%. At an optimal cutoff value of 3.033 ng/mL, the postoperative serum occludin level distinguished between mild and severe postoperative brain edema with a sensitivity of 97.30% and specificity of 55.56%. Conclusions The serum occludin level is associated with cerebral edema and could potentially be used as a biomarker for perioperative cerebral edema. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1900023742.
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Silencing matrix metalloproteinase 9 exerts a protective effect on astrocytes after oxygen-glucose deprivation and is correlated with suppression of aquaporin-4. Neurosci Lett 2020; 731:135047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Patwa J, Flora SJS. Heavy Metal-Induced Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Possible Reversal Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113862. [PMID: 32485831 PMCID: PMC7313017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are considered a continuous threat to humanity, as they cannot be eradicated. Prolonged exposure to heavy metals/metalloids in humans has been associated with several health risks, including neurodegeneration, vascular dysfunction, metabolic disorders, cancer, etc. Small blood vessels are highly vulnerable to heavy metals as they are directly exposed to the blood circulatory system, which has comparatively higher concentration of heavy metals than other organs. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is an umbrella term used to describe various pathological processes that affect the cerebral small blood vessels and is accepted as a primary contributor in associated disorders, such as dementia, cognitive disabilities, mood disorder, and ischemic, as well as a hemorrhagic stroke. In this review, we discuss the possible implication of heavy metals/metalloid exposure in CSVD and its associated disorders based on in-vitro, preclinical, and clinical evidences. We briefly discuss the CSVD, prevalence, epidemiology, and risk factors for development such as genetic, traditional, and environmental factors. Toxic effects of specific heavy metal/metalloid intoxication (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Cu) in the small vessel associated endothelium and vascular dysfunction too have been reviewed. An attempt has been made to highlight the possible molecular mechanism involved in the pathophysiology, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory pathway, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression, and amyloid angiopathy in the CSVD and related disorders. Finally, we discussed the role of cellular antioxidant defense enzymes to neutralize the toxic effect, and also highlighted the potential reversal strategies to combat heavy metal-induced vascular changes. In conclusion, heavy metals in small vessels are strongly associated with the development as well as the progression of CSVD. Chelation therapy may be an effective strategy to reduce the toxic metal load and the associated complications.
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Yu Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Zhu J, Wang L, Ji M, Zhang Z, Ji XM, Wang SL. Perfluorooctane sulfonate disrupts the blood brain barrier through the crosstalk between endothelial cells and astrocytes in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113429. [PMID: 31706766 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a classic environmental pollutant, is reported to accumulate in brain and induce neurotoxicity. However, little is known the route and mechanism of its entrance in brain. In the present study, ICR mice were treated with PFOS for 28 days, the cerebral PFOS were measured and the morphological and ultrastructural changes of blood-brain barrier (BBB) were observed. Also, the expression and localization of the proteins related to the cerebral damages, tight junctions (TJs) and p38 activation were detected. Additionally, U87 cells were used to explore the role of p38 in PFOS-induced damages of astrocytes. PFOS significantly decreased the expression of TJ-related proteins (ZO-1, Claudin-5, Claudin-11, Occludin) in endothelial cells and disrupted BBB, which subsequently led PFOS to astrocytes and increased the expression of the proteins related to astrocytic damages (Aquaporin 4 and S100β). These results aggravated BBB disruption and further increased the cerebral PFOS levels. Besides, phosphorylated p38 activation was involved into PFOS-induced astrocytic damages in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, the crosstalk between endothelial cells and astrocytes facilitated the BBB disruption and increased the accumulation of PFOS in brain. Our findings provided a new insight into the toxicological and physiological profiles of PFOS-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Yu
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China; State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China; State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Jiansheng Zhu
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China; State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Minghui Ji
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ji
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Shou-Lin Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China; State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China.
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Wang J, Zhang C, Zhu J, Ding J, Chen Y, Han X. Blood-brain barrier disruption and inflammation reaction in mice after chronic exposure to Microcystin-LR. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:662-678. [PMID: 31279213 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR), which produced by toxic cyanobacteria and widely present in eutrophic waters, has been shown to have potent acute hepatotoxicity. MC-LR has been revealed to inflict damage to brain, while the neurotoxicity of chronic exposure to MC-LR and mechanisms underlying it are still confusing. Here, the mice were exposed to MC-LR dissolved in drinking water at dose of 1, 7.5, 15, and 30 μg/L for consecutive 180 days. MC-LR accumulated in mouse brains and impaired the blood-brain barrier by inducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), which was regulated by NF-κB, c-Fos and c-Jun. Furthermore, MC-LR exposure induced microglial and astrocyte activation and resultant neuroinflammatory response. This study highlights the risks to human health of the current microcystin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Changliang Zhang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jinling Zhu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yabing Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Ding XW, Sun X, Shen XF, Lu Y, Wang JQ, Sun ZR, Miao CH, Chen JW. Propofol attenuates TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells by inhibiting Ca 2+/CAMK II/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1303-1313. [PMID: 31235816 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is able to degrade collagen IV, an important component of blood-brain barrier (BBB). Expression of MMPs, especially MMP-9, correlates with BBB disruption during central nervous system inflammation. Propofol has been reported to have anti-inflammation effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of propofol on TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3 cells) and explored the underlying mechanisms. The hCMEC/D3 cells were treated with propofol (25 μM), followed by TNF-α (25 ng/mL). We showed that TNF-α treatment markedly increased MMP-9 expression and decreased collagen IV expression in hCMEC/D3 cells, which was blocked by pretreatment with propofol. TNF-α-induced downregulation of collagen IV was also reversed by MMP-9 knockdown with siRNA. We revealed that TNF-α upregulated MMP-9 expression in hCMEC/D3 cells through activation of Ca2+/CAMK II/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway; co-treatment with inhibitors of CaMK II (KN93), ERK (LY3214996), NF-κB (PDTC) or Ca2+chelator (BAPTA-AM) abrogated the effect of TNF-α on MMP-9 expression. We further established an in vitro BBB model by co-culturing of hCMEC/D3 cells and human astrocytes for 6 days and measuring trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) to reflect the BBB permeability. TNF-α treatment markedly decreased TEER value, which was attenuated by pretreatment with propofol (25 μM) or MMP-9 knockdown with siRNA. In conclusion, propofol inhibits TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression in hCMEC/D3 cells via repressing the Ca2+/CAMKII/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. TNF-α-impaired BBB integrity could be reversed by propofol, and propofol attenuates the inhibitory effect of TNF-α on collagen IV.
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28-Hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-29-oic Acid, a Triterpene Acid from Celastrus Orbiculatus Extract, Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Human Gastric Cancer Cells In Vitro. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193513. [PMID: 31569766 PMCID: PMC6803947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common tumor and has the third-highest mortality rate among various malignant tumors, and the survival rate of patients is low. Celastrus orbiculatus extract has been shown to inhibit the activity of a variety of tumors. This study explored the inhibitory effect of the oleanane-type triterpenoid acid 28-hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-29-oic acid molecule from Celastrus orbiculatus extract on gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis and determined its mechanism. 28-Hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-29-oic acid was first diluted to various concentrations and then used to treat SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells. Cell proliferation was assessed by an MTT (thiazole blue) assay. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to assess cell invasion and migration. High-content imaging technology was used to further observe the effects of the drug on cell invasion and migration. Western blotting was used to assess the effects on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the effects on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins and phosphorylation-related proteins. We found that 28-Hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-29-oic acid inhibited the migration and invasion of SGC-7901 and BGC-823 gastric cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Consequently, 28-hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-29-oic acid decreased the expression of EMT-related proteins and MMPs in gastric cancer cells and reduced protein phosphorylation, inhibiting the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells.
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Anfibatide Preserves Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity by Inhibiting TLR4/RhoA/ROCK Pathway After Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rat. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:71-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Song T, Meng S, Xu ST, Jin SJ, Zeng QZ, Gu GJ. The overexpression of uPA promotes the proliferation and fibrinolytic activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:2959-2966. [PMID: 31934132 PMCID: PMC6949720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to study whether the overexpression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) can promote the proliferation and fibrinolytic activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The recombinant adenovirus vectors containing the human uPA gene were constructed and transfected into HUVECs. In this study, the mRNA of uPA was detected by qPCR, and the uPA protein was measured by Western blot. The cell proliferation was measured using MTT. The fibrinolytic activity of uPA was quantified using a colorimetric assay. We also measured MMP2 (metalloproteinase-2), MMP9 (metalloproteinase-9), and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) proteins using ELISA. The results showed that the levels of the uPA mRNA and the protein in the overexpression group were significantly higher compared to the other groups, (P < 0.05). The cell proliferation and uPA activity were increased significantly in the overexpression group, compared to the other groups, (P < 0.05). The secretions of MMP2, MMP9, and VEGF in the overexpression group were significantly higher than they were in the other two groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we successfully transfected a recombined adenovirus vector carrying uPA into a HUVEC. The exogenous uPA gene could transcribe and secrete the uPA protein in the HUVECs. The overexpression of uPA can increase cell proliferation and uPA activity. It can improve the invasion and angiogenesis ability in HUVECs by promoting their secretions of MMP2, MMP9, and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Song Meng
- Department of Clinical, Luohe Medical CollegeLuohe, Henan, PR China
| | - Song-Tao Xu
- Department of Clinical, Luohe Medical CollegeLuohe, Henan, PR China
- Tumor Occurrence and Prevention Research Innovation Team of HenanLuohe, Henan, PR China
| | - Shao-Ju Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Luohe Medical CollegeLuohe, Henan, PR China
| | - Qing-Zhong Zeng
- Department of Emergency, Cancer Hospital of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guo-Jian Gu
- Department of Pathology, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityTaicang, Jiangsu, PR China
- Department of Pathology, The First People’s Hospital of TaicangTaicang, Jiangsu, PR China
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Li F, Geng X, Yip J, Ding Y. Therapeutic Target and Cell-signal Communication of Chlorpromazine and Promethazine in Attenuating Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption after Ischemic Stroke. Cell Transplant 2018; 28:145-156. [PMID: 30569751 PMCID: PMC6362522 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718819443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke destroys blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity. There are currently no effective treatments available in the clinical setting. Post-ischemia treatment with phenothiazine drugs [combined chlorpromazine and promethazine (C+P)] has been shown to be neuroprotective in stroke. The present study determined the effect of C+P in BBB integrity. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following groups (n=8 each): (1) stroke, (2) stroke treated by C+P with temperature control, and (3) stroke treated by C+P without temperature control. Infarct volume and neurological deficits were measured to assess the neuroprotective effect of C+P. BBB permeability was determined by brain edema and Evans blue leakage. Expression of BBB integral molecules, including proteins of aquaporin-4 and -9 (AQP-4, AQP-9), matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2, MMP-9), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1/5, occludin, and laminin were determined by Western blot. Stroke caused brain infarction and neurological deficits, as well as BBB damage, which were all attenuated by C+P through drug-induced hypothermia. When the reduced temperature was controlled to physiological levels, C+P still conferred neuroprotection, suggesting a therapeutic effect independent of hypothermia. Furthermore, C+P significantly attenuated the increase in AQP-4, AQP-9, MMP-2, and MMP-9 levels after stroke, and reversed the decrease in tight junction protein (ZO-1, claudin-1/5, occludin) and basal laminar protein (laminin) levels. This study clearly indicates a beneficial effect of C+P on BBB integrity after stroke, which may be independent of drug-induced hypothermia. These findings further prove the clinical target and cell-signal communication of C+P treatment, which may direct us closer toward the development of an efficacious neuroprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwu Li
- 1 China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- 1 China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,3 Department of Neurology, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - James Yip
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- 1 China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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