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Gouveia MJ, Ribeiro E, Vale N. A Surprising Repurposing of Central Nervous System Drugs against Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder, UM-UC-5. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:212. [PMID: 38399266 PMCID: PMC10892655 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The potential benefits of drug repurposing have gained attention as an alternative to developing de novo drugs. The potential of using central nervous system (CNS) drugs as anticancer drugs has been explored in several types of human cancers, such as breast and colon cancer, among others. Here, we examine the effect of the CNS drugs sertraline, paroxetine, and chlorpromazine on human squamous carcinoma cells of the bladder (UM-UC-5). After exposing UM-UC-5 cells to increased concentrations of each drug for 48 h, we assessed their metabolic activity using an MTT assay. Based on those results, we calculated cell viability and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. The results suggest that the CNS drugs were effective against UM-UC-5 in the order of potency of sertraline > chlorpromazine > paroxetine. Interestingly, sertraline was more potent than 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a widely used anticancer drug. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the promising anticancer activity of CNS drugs on human bladder cancer cells in vitro and supports the repurposing of CNS drugs to improve cancer treatment. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary to understand their mechanism of action and in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Gouveia
- Center for the Study in Animal Science (CECA/ICETA), University of Porto, Rua de D. Manuel II, Apt 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal;
- Centre for Parasite Biology and Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Ribeiro
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Interplay of G-proteins and Serotonin in the Neuroimmunoinflammatory Model of Chronic Stress and Depression: A Narrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:180-214. [PMID: 38151838 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128285578231218102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This narrative review addresses the clinical challenges in stress-related disorders such as depression, focusing on the interplay between neuron-specific and pro-inflammatory mechanisms at the cellular, cerebral, and systemic levels. OBJECTIVE We aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking chronic psychological stress with low-grade neuroinflammation in key brain regions, particularly focusing on the roles of G proteins and serotonin (5-HT) receptors. METHODS This comprehensive review of the literature employs systematic, narrative, and scoping review methodologies, combined with systemic approaches to general pathology. It synthesizes current research on shared signaling pathways involved in stress responses and neuroinflammation, including calcium-dependent mechanisms, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and key transcription factors like NF-κB and p53. The review also focuses on the role of G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptors (GPCRs) in immune and pro-inflammatory responses, with a detailed analysis of how 13 of 14 types of human 5-HT receptors contribute to depression and neuroinflammation. RESULTS The review reveals a complex interaction between neurotransmitter signals and immunoinflammatory responses in stress-related pathologies. It highlights the role of GPCRs and canonical inflammatory mediators in influencing both pathological and physiological processes in nervous tissue. CONCLUSION The proposed Neuroimmunoinflammatory Stress Model (NIIS Model) suggests that proinflammatory signaling pathways, mediated by metabotropic and ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors, are crucial for maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Chronic mental stress can disrupt this balance, leading to increased pro-inflammatory states in the brain and contributing to neuropsychiatric and psychosomatic disorders, including depression. This model integrates traditional theories on depression pathogenesis, offering a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Laboratory of Inflammation Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathophysiology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
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Arabpour M, Mehrpour Layeghi S, Majidzadeh-A K, Tavakkoly Bazzaz J, Mamivand A, Naghizadeh MM, Shakoori A. An insight into the potential role of LINC00968 in luminal breast cancer: Case-control study and bioinformatics analysis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 35:101531. [PMID: 37654678 PMCID: PMC10466910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Luminal A and B subtypes of breast cancer (BC) comprises up to 70% of all BC patients. LncRNAs can affect many biological and pathological processes, and dysregulation of them is related to human cancers. The potential role of lncRNA LINC00968 in luminal BC is still unclear. Materials and methods We analyzed the LINC00968 expression across 44 paired luminal BC tissues from the TCGA-BRCA RNA sequencing dataset. Besides, we used the GEPIA2 web server and GENEVESTIGATOR software, as well. Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assay was performed to confirm the LINC00968 expression in 71 paired luminal BC tissues and two luminal A cell lines (MCF7 and T47D). Moreover, to better understanding the potential role of LINC00968 in luminal BC, computational data analyses including co-expression analysis, functional annotation analysis, and genetic alteration analysis have been done. Results The results of data analyses retrieved from BRCA dataset and databases revealed the significant downregulation of LINC00968 in luminal A and B BC. Also, the results of qRT-PCR in luminal BC tissues and cell lines confirmed the earlier data. LINC00968 expression was negatively associated with tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. Additionally, functional annotation analyses revealed that LINC00968 might be involved in vascular development and angiogenesis, extracellular matrix organization, and cell motility and migration. LINC00968 might play role in some cancer-related signaling pathways. Conclusion Our study found that downregulation of LINC00968 might promote tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis of luminal BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Arabpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mehrpour Layeghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Tavakkoly Bazzaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mamivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Shakoori
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jiang L, Xu C, Bai Y, Liu A, Gong Y, Wang YP, Deng HW. AUTOSURV: INTERPRETABLE DEEP LEARNING FRAMEWORK FOR CANCER SURVIVAL ANALYSIS INCORPORATING CLINICAL AND MULTI-OMICS DATA. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2486756. [PMID: 37609286 PMCID: PMC10441464 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2486756/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Accurate prognosis for cancer patients can provide critical information for optimizing treatment plans and improving life quality. Combining omics data and demographic/clinical information can offer a more comprehensive view of cancer prognosis than using omics or clinical data alone and can reveal the underlying disease mechanisms at the molecular level. In this study, we developed a novel deep learning framework to extract information from high-dimensional gene expression and miRNA expression data and conduct prognosis prediction for breast cancer and ovarian cancer patients. Our model achieved significantly better prognosis prediction than the conventional Cox Proportional Hazard model and other competitive deep learning approaches in various settings. Moreover, an interpretation approach was applied to tackle the "black-box" nature of deep neural networks and we identified features (i.e., genes, miRNA, demographic/clinical variables) that made important contributions to distinguishing predicted high- and low-risk patients. The identified associations were partially supported by previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindong Jiang
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104
| | - Yuntong Bai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118
| | - Anqi Liu
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112
| | - Yun Gong
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Shi X, Liu Y, Cheng D, Tian Q, Lin N, Wei W, Wu H. CXCL9, 10, 11/CXCR3 Axis Contributes to the Progress of Primary Sjogren's Syndrome by Activating GRK2 to Promote T Lymphocyte Migration. Inflammation 2023; 46:1047-1060. [PMID: 36801996 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that causes dysfunction of secretory glands and the specific pathogenesis is still unknown. The CXCL9, 10, 11/CXCR3 axis and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) involved in many inflammation and immunity processes. We used NOD/Ltj mice, a spontaneous SS animal model, to elucidate the pathological mechanism of CXCL9, 10, 11/CXCR3 axis promoting T lymphocyte migration by activating GRK2 in pSS. We found that CD4 + GRK2, Th17 + CXCR3 was apparently increased and Treg + CXCR3 was significantly decreased in the spleen of 4W NOD mice without sicca symptom compared to ICR mice (control group). The protein levels of IFN-γ, CXCL9, 10, 11 increased in submandibular gland (SG) tissue accompanied by obvious lymphocytic infiltration and Th17 cells overwhelmingly infiltrated relative to Treg cells at the sicca symptom occurs, and we found that the proportion of Th17 cells was increased, whereas that of Treg cells was decreased in spleen. In vitro, we used IFN-γ to stimulate human salivary gland epithelial cells (HSGECs) co-cultured with Jurkat cells, and the results showed that CXCL9, 10, 11 was increased by IFN-γ activating JAK2/STAT1 signal pathway and Jurkat cell migration increased with the raised of cell membrane GRK2 expression. HSGECs with tofacitinib or Jurkat cells with GRK2 siRNA can reduce the migration of Jurkat cells. The results indicate that CXCL9, 10, 11 significantly increased in SG tissue through IFN-γ stimulating HSGECs, and the CXCL9, 10, 11/CXCR3 axis contributes to the progress of pSS by activating GRK2 to promote T lymphocyte migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyKey Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune MedicineShushan District, Anhui Medical University, 81# Meishan Road, 230032Anhui Province, Hefei City, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyKey Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune MedicineShushan District, Anhui Medical University, 81# Meishan Road, 230032Anhui Province, Hefei City, China
| | - Xingjie Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, 12 Zhongyou Road, Chuzhou, 239001, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyKey Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune MedicineShushan District, Anhui Medical University, 81# Meishan Road, 230032Anhui Province, Hefei City, China
| | - Danqian Cheng
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyKey Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune MedicineShushan District, Anhui Medical University, 81# Meishan Road, 230032Anhui Province, Hefei City, China
| | - Qianwen Tian
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyKey Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune MedicineShushan District, Anhui Medical University, 81# Meishan Road, 230032Anhui Province, Hefei City, China
| | - Ning Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, 12 Zhongyou Road, Chuzhou, 239001, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyKey Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune MedicineShushan District, Anhui Medical University, 81# Meishan Road, 230032Anhui Province, Hefei City, China.
| | - Huaxun Wu
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyKey Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune MedicineShushan District, Anhui Medical University, 81# Meishan Road, 230032Anhui Province, Hefei City, China. .,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translation Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Zeng S, Liang Y, Hu H, Wang F, Liang L. Endothelial cell-derived S1P promotes migration and stemness by binding with GPR63 in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 240:154197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yang J, Hall JE, Jose PA, Chen K, Zeng C. Comprehensive insights in GRK4 and hypertension: From mechanisms to potential therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hermawan A, Putri H. Computational analysis of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase family members as potential targets for colorectal cancer therapy. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) interact with ligand-activated GPCR, causing intracellular phosphorylation and interfering with the intracellular signal transduction associated with the development of cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a fast-growing disease, and its molecular mechanism involves various regulatory proteins, including kinases. However, the GRK mechanism in CRC has not been explored.
Methods
We used an integrated computational approach to investigate the potential of GRK family members as targeted proteins in CRC. The GRK expression levels in tumor and normal tissues, colon adenocarcinoma samples, and metastatic colon adenocarcinoma were analyzed using ONCOMINE, GEPIA, and UALCAN, as well as TNM plots. Genetic changes in the GRK family genes were investigated using cBioportal. The prognostic value related to the gene expression of the GRK family was examined using GEPIA and UALCAN. Co-expression analysis of the GRK family was conducted using COXPRESdb. Association analysis of the Gene Ontology, KEGG pathway enrichment, and drug-gene analyses were performed using the over-representation analysis (ORA) in WebGestalt.
Results
GRK2, GRK3, and GRK5 mRNA levels increased significantly in patients with CRC and metastatic CRC. Genetic changes were detected in patients with CRC, including GRK7 (1.1%), GRK2 (1.7%), GRK4 (2.3%), GRK5 (2.5%), GRK6 (2.5%), GRK3 (2.9%), and GRK1 (4%). CRC patients with low mRNA of GRK7 levels had better disease-free and overall survival than those with high GRK7 levels. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed significant positive correlations between GRK5 and GRK2 and between GRK2 and GRK6. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the gene network (GN) regulated several cellular pathways, such as the morphine addiction signaling and chemokine signaling pathways in cancer. The drug-gene association analysis indicated that the GN was associated with several drugs, including reboxetine, pindolol, beta-blocking agents, and protein kinase inhibitors.
Conclusion
No research has been conducted on the relation of GRK1 and GRK7 to cancer, particularly CRC. In this work, genes GRK2, GRK3, GRK5, and GRK6 were found to be oncogenes in CRC. Although inhibitors against GRK2, GRK5, and GRK6 have previously been developed, further research, particularly preclinical and clinical studies, is needed before these agents may be used to treat CRC.
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Li Y, Fan Y, Xu J, Huo L, Scott AW, Jin J, Yang B, Shao S, Ma L, Wang Y, Yao X, Pool Pizzi M, Sewastjanow Da Silva M, Zhang G, Zhuo L, Cho EJ, Dalby KN, Shanbhag ND, Wang Z, Li W, Song S, Ajani JA. GRK3 is a poor prognosticator and serves as a therapeutic target in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:257. [PMID: 35996148 PMCID: PMC9396876 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) is the most targeted protein family by the FDA-approved drugs. GPCR-kinase 3 (GRK3) is critical for GPCR signaling. Our genomic analysis showed that GRK3 expression correlated with poor prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) patients. However, GRK3’s functions and clinical utility in GAC progression and metastases are unknown.
Methods
We studied GRK3 expression in normal, primary, and metastatic GAC tissues. We identified a novel GRK3 inhibitor, LD2, through a chemical-library screen. Through genetic and pharmacologic modulations of GRK3, a series of functional and molecular studies were performed in vitro and in vivo. Impact of GRK3 on YAP1 and its targets was determined.
Results
GRK3 was overexpressed in GAC tissues compared to normal and was even higher in peritoneal metastases. Overexpression (OE) of GRK3 was significantly associated with shorter survival. Upregulation of GRK3 in GAC cells increased cell invasion, colony formation, and proportion of ALDH1+ cells, while its downregulation reduced these attributes. Further, LD2 potently and specifically inhibited GRK3, but not GRK2, a very similar kinase to GRK3. LD2 highly suppressed GAC cells’ malignant phenotypes in vitro. Mechanistically, GRK3 upregulated YAP1 in GAC tissues and its transcriptional downstream targets: SOX9, Birc5, Cyr61 and CTGF. Knockdown (KD) YAP1 rescued the phenotypes of GRK3 OE in GAC cells. GRK3 OE significantly increased tumor growth but LD2 inhibited tumor growth in the PDX model and dramatically suppressed peritoneal metastases induced by GRK3 OE.
Conclusions
GRK3, a poor prognosticator for survival, conferred aggressive phenotype. Genetic silencing of GRK3 or its inhibitor LD2 blunted GRK3-conferred malignant attributes, suggesting GRK3 as a novel therapeutic target in advanced GAC.
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G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 4 Is a Novel Prognostic Factor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2628879. [PMID: 35769816 PMCID: PMC9236775 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2628879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We previously reported that G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) 4 halts cell cycle progression and induces cellular senescence in HEK293 cells. The present study was aimed at assessing the prognostic value of GRK4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods GRK4 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in paired tumoral and peritumoral tissues of 325 HCC patients. One hundred and twenty-six patients from Western China were utilized as a training cohort to develop a nomogram, while 86 patients from Eastern China were used as a validation cohort. The proliferation and migration of lentiviral-GRK4 expressing HepG2 cells were determined by MTT and wound healing assays. Results GRK4 was differentially expressed in HCC tissues. Tumoral GRK4 intensity, tumor type, and T stage were independent prognostic factors and used to form a nomogram for predicting overall survival (OS), which obtained a good concordance index of 0.82 and 0.77 in training and validation cohort, respectively. The positive and negative prediction values with nomogram were, respectively, 83% and 75% in training cohort and 100% and 52% in validation cohort. Patients with nomogram scores > 32 and 78 showed high risk for OS. Proliferation and motility capabilities were significantly restrained in GRK4-overexpressing HCC cells. Discussion. Low GRK4 expression in HCC tumor tissues indicates poor clinical outcomes. A prognostic nomogram including tumoral GRK4 expression would improve the predictive accuracy of OS in HCC patients. We also demonstrated that GRK4 overexpression inhibits proliferation and migration of HCC cells. The molecular mechanism underlying is worth further study.
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Roles of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Focus on Sphingosine 1-Shosphate Receptors, Angiotensin II Receptors, and Estrogen-Related GPCRs. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112988. [PMID: 34831211 PMCID: PMC8616429 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are common and devastating diseases around the world. Despite the significant progress that has been made in the treatment of GI cancers, the mortality rates remain high, indicating a real need to explore the complex pathogenesis and develop more effective therapeutics for GI cancers. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical signaling molecules involved in various biological processes including cell growth, proliferation, and death, as well as immune responses and inflammation regulation. Substantial evidence has demonstrated crucial roles of GPCRs in the development of GI cancers, which provided an impetus for further research regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms and drug discovery of GI cancers. In this review, we mainly discuss the roles of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs), angiotensin II receptors, estrogen-related GPCRs, and some other important GPCRs in the development of colorectal, gastric, and esophageal cancer, and explore the potential of GPCRs as therapeutic targets.
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Classification and Functional Analysis between Cancer and Normal Tissues Using Explainable Pathway Deep Learning through RNA-Sequencing Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111531. [PMID: 34768960 PMCID: PMC8584109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep learning has proven advantageous in solving cancer diagnostic or classification problems. However, it cannot explain the rationale behind human decisions. Biological pathway databases provide well-studied relationships between genes and their pathways. As pathways comprise knowledge frameworks widely used by human researchers, representing gene-to-pathway relationships in deep learning structures may aid in their comprehension. Here, we propose a deep neural network (PathDeep), which implements gene-to-pathway relationships in its structure. We also provide an application framework measuring the contribution of pathways and genes in deep neural networks in a classification problem. We applied PathDeep to classify cancer and normal tissues based on the publicly available, large gene expression dataset. PathDeep showed higher accuracy than fully connected neural networks in distinguishing cancer from normal tissues (accuracy = 0.994) in 32 tissue samples. We identified 42 pathways related to 32 cancer tissues and 57 associated genes contributing highly to the biological functions of cancer. The most significant pathway was G-protein-coupled receptor signaling, and the most enriched function was the G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle, suggesting that these biological functions were the most common cancer characteristics in the 32 tissues.
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Lombe CP, Meyer M, Pretorius A. Bioinformatics Prediction and Analysis of MicroRNAs and Their Targets as Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer: A Preliminary Study. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 64:401-412. [PMID: 34665432 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common form of cancer in men around the world. Due to its heterogeneity, presentations range from aggressive lethal disease to indolent disease. There is a need to identify core biomarkers that are important for early detection and progression, allowing a more precise method for the treatment and management of Pca. We obtained metastatic prostate cancer associated microRNA array profiles from the GSE28029 dataset in the GEO database. MicroRNA target prediction was done using the databases, TargetScanHuman, miRDB and DIANA microT, six target genes (FOXC1, CDKN1A, BIRC2, CTNND1, ELK1 and LRP8) were found to be common among the three different databases. Differential expression of the target genes was performed via the GENT2 database in the GPL96 platform (HG-U133A). Results indicated all genes were downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) was used to perform enrichment analysis. The GO enrichment analysis indicated that the downregulated genes were enriched in cellular response to gamma radiation, regulation of transcription and response to drugs as well as protein binding and receptor signaling protein activity. The study suggested that CDKN1A, FOXC1 and BIRC2 might be core genes for prostate cancer that play an important role in its diagnosis, development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chipampe Patricia Lombe
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Biology Department, Mukuba University, Garneton itimpi, Kitwe, Zambia.
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ashley Pretorius
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.,Biotechnology Innovation Division, Aminotek, PTY, Cape Town, South Africa
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Functional characterization of HIC, a P2Y1 agonist, as a p53 stabilizer for prostate cancer cell death induction. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1845-1864. [PMID: 34505540 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: (1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)indoline-4-carbonitrile (HIC), an agonist of the P2Y1 receptor (P2Y1R), induces cell death in prostate cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism behind the inhibition of HIC in prostate cancer remains elusive. Methods & results: Here, to outline the inhibitory role of HIC on prostate cancer cells, PC-3 and DU145 cell lines were treated with the respective IC50 concentrations, which reduced cell proliferation, adherence properties and spheroid formation. HIC was able to arrest the cell cycle at G1/S phase and also induced apoptosis and DNA damage, validated by gene expression profiling. HIC inhibited the prostate cancer cells' migration and invasion, revealing its antimetastatic ability. P2Y1R-targeted HIC affects p53, MAPK and NF-κB protein expression, thereby improving the p53 stabilization essential for G1/S arrest and cell death. Conclusion: These findings provide an insight on the potential use of HIC, which remains the mainstay treatment for prostate cancer.
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15
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Li J, Wen S, Li B, Li N, Zhan X. Phosphorylation-Mediated Molecular Pathway Changes in Human Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors Identified by Quantitative Phosphoproteomics. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092225. [PMID: 34571875 PMCID: PMC8471408 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the biological role of protein phosphorylation in human nonfunctional pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNETs), proteins extracted from NF-PitNET and control tissues were analyzed with tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics coupled with TiO2 enrichment of phosphopeptides. A total of 595 differentially phosphorylated proteins (DPPs) with 1412 phosphosites were identified in NF-PitNETs compared to controls (p < 0.05). KEGG pathway network analysis of 595 DPPs identified nine statistically significant signaling pathways, including the spliceosome pathway, the RNA transport pathway, proteoglycans in cancer, SNARE interactions in vesicular transport, platelet activation, bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, tight junctions, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. GO analysis revealed that these DPPs were involved in multiple cellular components (CCs), biological processes (BPs), and molecule functions (MFs). The kinase analysis of 595 DPPs identified seven kinases, including GRP78, WSTF, PKN2, PRP4, LOK, NEK1, and AMPKA1, and the substrate of these kinases could provide new ideas for seeking drug targets for NF-PitNETs. The randomly selected DPP calnexin was further confirmed with immunoprecipitation (IP) and Western blot (WB). These findings provide the first DPP profiling, phosphorylation-mediated molecular network alterations, and the key kinase profiling in NF-PitNET pathogenesis, which are a precious resource for understanding the biological roles of protein phosphorylation in NF-PitNET pathogenesis and discovering effective phosphoprotein biomarkers and therapeutic targets and drugs for the management of NF-PitNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (B.L.)
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, China;
| | - Siqi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (B.L.)
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, China;
| | - Biao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (B.L.)
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, China;
| | - Na Li
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, China;
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, China;
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan 250117, China
- Correspondence: or
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16
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Kuai J, Han C, Wei W. Potential Regulatory Roles of GRK2 in Endothelial Cell Activity and Pathological Angiogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698424. [PMID: 34335610 PMCID: PMC8320431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2) is an integrative node in many signaling network cascades. Emerging evidence indicates that GRK2 can interact with a large number of GPCRs and non-GPCR substrates in both kinase-dependent and -independent modes. Some of these pathways are associated with endothelial cell (EC) activity. The active state of ECs is a pivotal factor in angiogenesis. The occurrence and development of some inflammation-related diseases are accompanied by pathological angiogenesis, but there remains a lack of effective targeted treatments. Alterations in the expression and/or localization of GRK2 have been identified in several types of diseases and have been demonstrated to regulate the angiogenesis process in these diseases. GRK2 as a target may be a promising candidate for anti-angiogenesis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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17
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Liu CL, Yuan RH, Mao TL. The Molecular Landscape Influencing Prognoses of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:998. [PMID: 34356623 PMCID: PMC8301761 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the major increasing lethal malignancies of the gynecological tract, mostly due to delayed diagnosis and chemoresistance, as well as its very heterogeneous genetic makeup. Application of high-throughput molecular technologies, gene expression microarrays, and powerful preclinical models has provided a deeper understanding of the molecular characteristics of EOC. Therefore, molecular markers have become a potent tool in EOC management, including prediction of aggressiveness, prognosis, and recurrence, and identification of novel therapeutic targets. In addition, biomarkers derived from genomic/epigenomic alterations (e.g., gene mutations, copy number aberrations, and DNA methylation) enable targeted treatment of affected signaling pathways in advanced EOC, thereby improving the effectiveness of traditional treatments. This review outlines the molecular landscape and discusses the impacts of biomarkers on the detection, diagnosis, surveillance, and therapeutic targets of EOC. These findings focus on the necessity to translate these potential biomarkers into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Lien Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- PhD Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Hwang Yuan
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Lien Mao
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
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18
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Solís KH, Romero-Ávila MT, Guzmán-Silva A, García-Sáinz JA. The LPA 3 Receptor: Regulation and Activation of Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136704. [PMID: 34201414 PMCID: PMC8269014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysophosphatidic acid 3 receptor (LPA3) participates in different physiological actions and in the pathogenesis of many diseases through the activation of different signal pathways. Knowledge of the regulation of the function of the LPA3 receptor is a crucial element for defining its roles in health and disease. This review describes what is known about the signaling pathways activated in terms of its various actions. Next, we review knowledge on the structure of the LPA3 receptor, the domains found, and the roles that the latter might play in ligand recognition, signaling, and cellular localization. Currently, there is some information on the action of LPA3 in different cells and whole organisms, but very little is known about the regulation of its function. Areas in which there is a gap in our knowledge are indicated in order to further stimulate experimental work on this receptor and on other members of the LPA receptor family. We are convinced that knowledge on how this receptor is activated, the signaling pathways employed and how the receptor internalization and desensitization are controlled will help design new therapeutic interventions for treating diseases in which the LPA3 receptor is implicated.
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19
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Identifying the impact of structurally and functionally high-risk nonsynonymous SNPs on human patched protein using in-silico approach. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Yao S, Ertay A, Zhou Y, Yao L, Hill C, Chen J, Guan Y, Sun H, Ewing RM, Liu Y, Lv X, Wang Y. GRK6 Depletion Induces HIF Activity in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:654812. [PMID: 34136390 PMCID: PMC8201516 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.654812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) is expressed in various tissues and is involved in the development of several diseases including lung cancer. We previously reported that GRK6 is down-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma patients, which induces cell invasion and metastasis. However, further understanding of the role of GRK6 in lung adenocarcinoma is required. Here we explored the functional consequence of GRK6 inhibition in lung epithelial cells. Analysis of TCGA data was coupled with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells following depletion of GRK6 with RNA interference (RNAi). Findings were validated in ATII cells followed by tissue microarray analysis. Pathway analysis suggested that one of the Hallmark pathways enriched upon GRK6 inhibition is 'Hallmark_Hypoxia' (FDR = 0.014). We demonstrated that GRK6 depletion induces HIF1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha) levels and activity in ATII cells. The findings were further confirmed in lung adenocarcinoma samples, in which GRK6 expression levels negatively and positively correlate with HIF1α expression (P = 0.015) and VHL expression (P < 0.0001), respectively. Mechanistically, we showed the impact of GRK6 on HIF activity could be achieved via regulation of VHL levels. Taken together, targeting the HIF pathway may provide new strategies for therapy in GRK6-depleted lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ayse Ertay
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Yilu Zhou
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Liudi Yao
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Hill
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yangbo Guan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rob M Ewing
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xuedong Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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21
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Matthees ESF, Haider RS, Hoffmann C, Drube J. Differential Regulation of GPCRs-Are GRK Expression Levels the Key? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:687489. [PMID: 34109182 PMCID: PMC8182058 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.687489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest family of transmembrane receptors and their signal transduction is tightly regulated by GPCR kinases (GRKs) and β-arrestins. In this review, we discuss novel aspects of the regulatory GRK/β-arrestin system. Therefore, we briefly revise the origin of the "barcode" hypothesis for GPCR/β-arrestin interactions, which states that β-arrestins recognize different receptor phosphorylation states to induce specific functions. We emphasize two important parameters which may influence resulting GPCR phosphorylation patterns: (A) direct GPCR-GRK interactions and (B) tissue-specific expression and availability of GRKs and β-arrestins. In most studies that focus on the molecular mechanisms of GPCR regulation, these expression profiles are underappreciated. Hence we analyzed expression data for GRKs and β-arrestins in 61 tissues annotated in the Human Protein Atlas. We present our analysis in the context of pathophysiological dysregulation of the GPCR/GRK/β-arrestin system. This tissue-specific point of view might be the key to unraveling the individual impact of different GRK isoforms on GPCR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB – Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
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22
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Olson TL, Zhang S, Labban D, Kaschner E, Aceves M, Iyer S, Meza-Aguilar JD, Zook JD, Chun E, Craciunescu FM, Liu W, Shi CX, Stewart AK, Hansen DT, Meurice N, Fromme P. Protein expression and purification of G-protein coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6), toward structure-based drug design and discovery for multiple myeloma. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 185:105890. [PMID: 33971243 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human G-protein coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) belongs to the GRK4 kinase subfamily of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase family which comprises of GRK1, GRK2, and GRK4. These kinases phosphorylate ligand-activated G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), driving heterotrimeric G protein coupling, desensitization of GPCR, and β-arrestin recruitment. This reaction series mediates cellular signal pathways for cell survival, proliferation, migration and chemotaxis. GRK6 is a kinase target in multiple myeloma since it is highly expressed in myeloma cells compared to epithelial cells and has a significant role in mediating the chemotactic responses of T and B-lymphocytes. To support structure-based drug design, we describe three human GRK6 constructs, GRK6, GRK6His/EK, and GRK6His/TEV, designed for protein expression in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 insect cells. The first construct did not contain any purification tag whereas the other two constructs contained the His10 affinity tag, which increased purification yields. We report here that all three constructs of GRK6 were overexpressed in Sf9 insect cells and purified to homogeneity at levels that were suitable for co-crystallization of GRK6 with potential inhibitors. The yields of purified GRK6, GRK6His/EK, and GRK6His/TEV were 0.3 mg, 0.8 mg and 0.7 mg per liter of cell culture, respectively. In addition, we have shown that GRK6His/TEV with the His10 tag removed was highly homogeneous and monodisperse as observed by dynamic light scattering measurement and actively folded as exhibited by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The described methods will support the structure-based development of additional therapeutics against multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien L Olson
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Shangji Zhang
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Dillon Labban
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Emily Kaschner
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Manuel Aceves
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Srivatsan Iyer
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Jose Domingo Meza-Aguilar
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - James D Zook
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Eugene Chun
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Felicia M Craciunescu
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Chang-Xin Shi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85289, USA; Precision Cancer Therapeutics, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85289, USA
| | - A Keith Stewart
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85289, USA; Precision Cancer Therapeutics, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85289, USA
| | - Debra T Hansen
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; Center for Innovations in Medicine, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Nathalie Meurice
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85289, USA; Precision Cancer Therapeutics, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85289, USA
| | - Petra Fromme
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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23
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Derakhshani A, Rostami Z, Safarpour H, Shadbad MA, Nourbakhsh NS, Argentiero A, Taefehshokr S, Tabrizi NJ, Kooshkaki O, Astamal RV, Singh PK, Taefehshokr N, Alizadeh N, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. From Oncogenic Signaling Pathways to Single-Cell Sequencing of Immune Cells: Changing the Landscape of Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2021; 26:2278. [PMID: 33920054 PMCID: PMC8071039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there have been remarkable advances in understanding the signaling pathways involved in cancer development. It is well-established that cancer is caused by the dysregulation of cellular pathways involved in proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell metabolism, migration, cell polarity, and differentiation. Besides, growing evidence indicates that extracellular matrix signaling, cell surface proteoglycans, and angiogenesis can contribute to cancer development. Given the genetic instability and vast intra-tumoral heterogeneity revealed by the single-cell sequencing of tumoral cells, the current approaches cannot eliminate the mutating cancer cells. Besides, the polyclonal expansion of tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes in response to tumoral neoantigens cannot elicit anti-tumoral immune responses due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, the data from the single-cell sequencing of immune cells can provide valuable insights regarding the expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints/related signaling factors in immune cells, which can be used to select immune checkpoint inhibitors and adjust their dosage. Indeed, the integration of the data obtained from the single-cell sequencing of immune cells with immune checkpoint inhibitors can increase the response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors, decrease the immune-related adverse events, and facilitate tumoral cell elimination. This study aims to review key pathways involved in tumor development and shed light on single-cell sequencing. It also intends to address the shortcomings of immune checkpoint inhibitors, i.e., their varied response rates among cancer patients and increased risk of autoimmunity development, via applying the data from the single-cell sequencing of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Zeinab Rostami
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 97178-53577, Iran; (Z.R.); (O.K.)
| | - Hossein Safarpour
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 97178-53577, Iran;
| | - Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran
| | | | | | - Sina Taefehshokr
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Neda Jalili Tabrizi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Omid Kooshkaki
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 97178-53577, Iran; (Z.R.); (O.K.)
| | - Reza Vaezi Astamal
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Principal Research Technologist, Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Nima Taefehshokr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Nazila Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran; (A.D.); (M.A.S.); (S.T.); (N.J.T.); (R.V.A.); (N.A.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran
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24
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Involvement of the Catecholamine Pathway in Glioblastoma Development. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030549. [PMID: 33806345 PMCID: PMC7998903 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). The standard of care improves the overall survival of patients only by a few months. Explorations of new therapeutic targets related to molecular properties of the tumor are under way. Even though neurotransmitters and their receptors normally function as mediators of interneuronal communication, growing data suggest that these molecules are also involved in modulating the development and growth of GBM by acting on neuronal and glioblastoma stem cells. In our previous DNA CpG methylation studies, gene ontology analyses revealed the involvement of the monoamine pathway in sequential GBM. In this follow-up study, we quantitated the expression levels of four selected catecholamine pathway markers (alpha 1D adrenergic receptor-ADRA1D; adrenergic beta receptor kinase 1 or G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2-ADRBK1/GRK2; dopamine receptor D2-DRD2; and synaptic vesicle monoamine transporter-SLC18A2) by immunohistochemistry, and compared the histological scores with the methylation levels within the promoters + genes of these markers in 21 pairs of sequential GBM and in controls. Subsequently, we also determined the promoter and gene methylation levels of the same markers in an independent database cohort of sequential GBM pairs. These analyses revealed partial inverse correlations between the catecholamine protein expression and promoter + gene methylation levels, when the tumor and control samples were compared. However, we found no differences in the promoter + gene methylation levels of these markers in either our own or in the database primary-recurrent GBM pairs, despite the higher protein expression of all markers in the primary samples. This observation suggests that regulation of catecholamine expression is only partially related to CpG methylation within the promoter + gene regions, and additional mechanisms may also influence the expression of these markers in progressive GBM. These analyses underscore the involvement of certain catecholamine pathway markers in GBM development and suggest that these molecules mediating or modulating tumor growth merit further exploration.
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25
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Sok V, Jacinto AZ, Peng N, Eldemerdash M, Le L, Tran PD, Feng LF, Patel JR, Gi M, Ammon JC, So CH. G protein coupled receptor kinase 5 modifies the nucleolar stress response activated by actinomycin D. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:508-518. [PMID: 33507833 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) is localized within the nucleus and moderates functions such as DNA transcription, in addition to its localization at the plasma membrane. In this report, we show that GRK5 modifies the nucleolar stress response activated by the DNA polymerase inhibitor, actinomycin D (ActD). We show an increased sensitivity to the apoptotic effects of ActD on cervical HeLa cells and the breast cancer cell line MDA MB 231 with reduced protein expression of GRK5. We also tested two types of breast cancer cells (MDA MB 231 and MCF7 cells) and found that the rate of response to ActD varied between them because they have innate differences in the protein expression of GRK5. We also found that GRK5 phosphorylates nucleophosmin (NPM1) at T199 before and during the early stages of ActD treatment. Phosphorylation at T199 increases the ability of NPM1 to interact with p14ARF in vitro, which may affect the protein expression levels of p14ARF. We found that the expression levels of p14ARF were lower in the cells transfected with the control shRNA, but higher in cells transfected with GRK5 shRNA. Collectively, this suggests that GRK5 modifies the nucleolar stress response associated with ActD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Sok
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA.,Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
| | - Alec Z Jacinto
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA.,Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
| | - Natalie Peng
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA.,Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
| | - Mohamed Eldemerdash
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA.,Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
| | - Lysa Le
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA.,Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
| | - Philip D Tran
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA.,Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
| | - Li Feng Feng
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA.,Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
| | - Jigisha R Patel
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA.,Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
| | - Michael Gi
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA.,Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
| | - Jane C Ammon
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA.,Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
| | - Christopher H So
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA.,Roseman University of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
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26
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G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 modifies the cellular reaction to cisplatin through interactions with NADPH oxidase 4. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1505-1516. [PMID: 33392923 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), in addition to their role in modulating signal transduction mechanisms associated with activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), can also interact with many non-GPCR proteins to mediate cellular responses to chemotherapeutics. The rationale for this study is based on the presumption that GRK2 modulates the responses of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic cisplatin. In this report, we show that GRK2 modulates the responses of cancer cells to cisplatin. Cervical cancer HeLa cells stably transfected with GRK2 shRNA, to decrease GRK2 protein expression, show increased sensitivity to cisplatin. Of interest, these cells also show increased accumulation of NADPH, associating with decreased NADP buildup, at low concentrations of cisplatin tested. These changes in NADPH and NADP levels are also observed in the breast cancer MDA MB 231 cells, which has lower endogenous GRK2 protein expression levels, but not BT549, a breast cancer cell line with higher GRK2 protein expression. This effect of NADPH accumulation may be associated with a decrease in NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) protein expression, which is found to correlate with GRK2 protein expression in cancer cells-a relationship which mimics that observed in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, like in cardiomyocytes, GRK2 and NOX4 interact to form complexes in cancer cells. Collectively, these results suggest that GRK2 interacts with NOX4 to modify cisplatin sensitivity in cancer cells and may also factor into the success of cisplatin-based regimens.
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27
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Wang RH, Dai XJ, Wu H, Wang MD, Deng R, Wang Y, Bu YH, Sun MH, Zhang H. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Geniposide on Regulating the Functions of Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts via Inhibiting Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors1/3 Coupling Gαi/Gαs Conversion. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:584176. [PMID: 33363467 PMCID: PMC7753157 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.584176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The activated Gα protein subunit (Gαs) and the inhibitory Gα protein subunit (Gαi) are involved in the signal transduction of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Moreover, the conversion of Gαi/Gαs can couple with sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) and have a critical role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Through binding to S1PRs, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) leads to activation of the pro-inflammatory signaling in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). Geniposide (GE) can alleviate RASFs dysfunctions to against RA. However, its underlying mechanism of action in RA has not been elucidated so far. This study aimed to investigate whether GE could regulate the biological functions of MH7A cells by inhibiting S1PR1/3 coupling Gαi/Gαs conversion. We use RASFs cell line, namely MH7A cells, which were obtained from the patient with RA and considered to be the main effector cells in RA. The cells were stimulated with S1P (5 μmol/L) and then were treated with or without different inhibitors: Gαi inhibitor pertussis toxin (0.1 μg/mL), S1PR1/3 inhibitor VPC 23019 (5 μmol/L), Gαs activator cholera toxin (1 μg/mL) and GE (25, 50, and 100 μmol/L) for 24 h. The results showed that GE may inhibit the abnormal proliferation, migration and invasion by inhibiting the S1P-S1PR1/3 signaling pathway and activating Gαs or inhibiting Gαi protein in MH7A cells. Additionally, GE could inhibit the release of inflammatory factors and suppress the expression of cAMP, which is the key factor of the conversion of Gαi and Gαs. GE could also restore the dynamic balance of Gαi and Gαs by suppressing S1PR1/3 and inhibiting Gαi/Gαs conversion, in a manner, we demonstrated that GE inhibited the activation of Gα downstream ERK protein as well. Taken together, our results indicated that down-regulation of S1PR1/3-Gαi/Gαs conversion may play a critical role in the effects of GE on RA and GE could be an effective therapeutic agent for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Xue-Jing Dai
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Meng-Die Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Ran Deng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Yan-Hong Bu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
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28
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Exploiting GRK2 Inhibition as a Therapeutic Option in Experimental Cancer Treatment: Role of p53-Induced Mitochondrial Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123530. [PMID: 33256128 PMCID: PMC7760517 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The involvement of GRK2 in cancer growth and an inverse correlation with p53 levels were suggested in breast cancer. Furthermore, increased GRK2 expression and activity were detected in thyroid cancer, but its effects and mechanisms of action were not investigated yet. This study aimed to explore the role of GRK2 in thyroid cancer both in vitro and in vivo and its crosstalk with p53. We demonstrated that thyroid cancer cells bearing a mutant form of p53 but not p53 null cells rely on GRK2 as a mechanism of proliferation by regulating p53 levels. Indeed, GRK2 indirectly induces p53 degradation through means of its catalytic activity. The pharmacological inhibition of the kinase effectively inhibits cancer growth by inducing p53-dependent mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis. Our results demonstrate a p53-dependent effect of GRK2 in cancer and suggest kinase inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for thyroid cancer. Abstract The involvement of GRK2 in cancer cell proliferation and its counter-regulation of p53 have been suggested in breast cancer even if the underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Furthermore, the possibility to pharmacologically inhibit GRK2 to delay cancer cell proliferation has never been explored. We investigated this possibility by setting up a study that combined in vitro and in vivo models to underpin the crosstalk between GRK2 and p53. To reach this aim, we took advantage of the different expression of p53 in cell lines of thyroid cancer (BHT 101 expressing p53 and FRO cells, which are p53-null) in which we overexpressed or silenced GRK2. The pharmacological inhibition of GRK2 was achieved using the specific inhibitor KRX-C7. The in vivo study was performed in Balb/c nude mice, where we treated BHT-101 or FRO-derived tumors with KRX-C7. In our in vitro model, FRO cells were unaffected by GRK2 expression levels, whereas BHT-101 cells were sensitive, thus suggesting a role for p53. The regulation of p53 by GRK2 is due to phosphorylative events in Thr-55, which induce the degradation of p53. In BHT-101 cells, the pharmacologic inhibition of GRK2 by KRX-C7 increased p53 levels and activated apoptosis through the mitochondrial release of cytochrome c. These KRX-C7-mediated events were also confirmed in cancer allograft models in nude mice. In conclusion, our data showed that GRK2 counter-regulates p53 expression in cancer cells through a kinase-dependent activity. Our results further corroborate the anti-proliferative role of GRK2 inhibitors in p53-sensitive tumors and propose GRK2 as a therapeutic target in selected cancers.
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29
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Nisar S, Hashem S, Macha MA, Yadav SK, Muralitharan S, Therachiyil L, Sageena G, Al-Naemi H, Haris M, Bhat AA. Exploring Dysregulated Signaling Pathways in Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:429-445. [PMID: 31939726 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200115095937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell biology takes advantage of identifying diverse cellular signaling pathways that are disrupted in cancer. Signaling pathways are an important means of communication from the exterior of cell to intracellular mediators, as well as intracellular interactions that govern diverse cellular processes. Oncogenic mutations or abnormal expression of signaling components disrupt the regulatory networks that govern cell function, thus enabling tumor cells to undergo dysregulated mitogenesis, to resist apoptosis, and to promote invasion to neighboring tissues. Unraveling of dysregulated signaling pathways may advance the understanding of tumor pathophysiology and lead to the improvement of targeted tumor therapy. In this review article, different signaling pathways and how their dysregulation contributes to the development of tumors have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.,Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Santosh K Yadav
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Lubna Therachiyil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hamda Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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30
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Gundamaraju R, Lu W, Azimi I, Eri R, Sohal SS. Endogenous Anti-Cancer Candidates in GPCR, ER Stress, and EMT. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100402. [PMID: 33050301 PMCID: PMC7601667 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of cellular responses to external stimuli are mediated by receptors such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and systems including endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress). Since GPCR signalling is pivotal in numerous malignancies, they are widely targeted by a number of clinical drugs. Cancer cells often negatively modulate GPCRs in order to survive, proliferate and to disseminate. Similarly, numerous branches of the unfolded protein response (UPR) act as pro-survival mediators and are involved in promoting cancer progression via mechanisms such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, there are a few proteins among these groups which impede deleterious effects by orchestrating the pro-apoptotic phenomenon and paving a therapeutic pathway. The present review exposes and discusses such critical mechanisms and some of the key processes involved in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress & Mucosal Immunology Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Wenying Lu
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (W.L.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Iman Azimi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia;
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- ER Stress & Mucosal Immunology Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (W.L.); (S.S.S.)
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31
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Gao J, Pan H, Zhu Z, Yu T, Huang B, Zhou Y. Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 promotes gastric cancer progression via activating Erk1/2. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:975-987. [PMID: 32747927 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and lethal malignancies worldwide, and its poor prognosis is mainly due to the rapid tumor progression including tumor invasion, distant metastasis, etc. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating GC progression lays the basis for the development of targeted therapeutic agents. Increasing evidence suggests that guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 (GNB4), a key subunit of heterotrimeric G protein, plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of multiple malignancies. However, whether and how GNB4 promotes GC progression are still unknown. In this study, we found that GNB4 was highly expressed in GC tissues compared to that in non-tumor tissues and was significantly associated with tumor invasion depth, pathological stage and poor survival rate of GC patients. Both gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies revealed that GNB4 significantly enhanced GC cell growth and motility both in vitro and in vivo. Further studies revealed that GNB4 overexpression induced G1-S transition and promoted the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. These tumor promoting effects were mediated by GNB4 which activates the Erk1/2 pathway through upregulating Erk1/2 phosphorylation, as U0126, an Erk1/2 phosphorylation inhibitor, could significantly inhibit GNB4-mediated cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In summary, GNB4 contributes to the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells by activating the Erk1/2 signaling pathway, and it may serve as a potential therapeutic target of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Gao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongda Pan
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenglun Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Teng Yu
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Binhao Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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32
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Rukavina Mikusic NL, Silva MG, Pineda AM, Gironacci MM. Angiotensin Receptors Heterodimerization and Trafficking: How Much Do They Influence Their Biological Function? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1179. [PMID: 32848782 PMCID: PMC7417933 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are targets for around one third of currently approved and clinical prescribed drugs and represent the largest and most structurally diverse family of transmembrane signaling proteins, with almost 1000 members identified in the human genome. Upon agonist stimulation, GPCRs are internalized and trafficked inside the cell: they may be targeted to different organelles, recycled back to the plasma membrane or be degraded. Once inside the cell, the receptors may initiate other signaling pathways leading to different biological responses. GPCRs’ biological function may also be influenced by interaction with other receptors. Thus, the ultimate cellular response may depend not only on the activation of the receptor from the cell membrane, but also from receptor trafficking and/or the interaction with other receptors. This review is focused on angiotensin receptors and how their biological function is influenced by trafficking and interaction with others receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Rukavina Mikusic
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauro G Silva
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angélica M Pineda
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela M Gironacci
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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33
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Caggia S, Tapadar S, Wu B, Venugopal SV, Garrett AS, Kumar A, Stiffend JS, Davis JS, Oyelere AK, Khan SA. Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Gα i2 Protein Attenuate Migration of Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1631. [PMID: 32575572 PMCID: PMC7353059 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G-proteins are ubiquitously expressed in several cancers, and they transduce signals from activated G-protein coupled receptors. These proteins have numerous biological functions, and they are becoming interesting target molecules in cancer therapy. Previously, we have shown that heterotrimeric G-protein subunit alphai2 (Gαi2) has an essential role in the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Using a structure-based approach, we have synthesized optimized small molecule inhibitors that are able to prevent specifically the activation of the Gαi2 subunit, keeping the protein in its inactive GDP-bound state. We observed that two of the compounds (13 and 14) at 10 μΜ significantly inhibited the migratory behavior of the PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines. Additionally, compound 14 at 10 μΜ blocked the activation of Gαi2 in oxytocin-stimulated prostate cancer PC3 cells, and inhibited the migratory capability of DU145 cells overexpressing the constitutively active form of Gαi2, under basal and EGF-stimulated conditions. We also observed that the knockdown or inhibition of Gαi2 negatively regulated migration of renal and ovarian cancer cell lines. Our results suggest that small molecule inhibitors of Gαi2 have potential as leads for discovering novel anti-metastatic agents for attenuating the capability of cancer cells to spread and invade to distant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caggia
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA; (S.C.); (S.V.V.); (A.S.G.); (A.K.); (J.S.S.)
| | - Subhasish Tapadar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA; (S.T.); (B.W.)
| | - Bocheng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA; (S.T.); (B.W.)
| | - Smrruthi V. Venugopal
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA; (S.C.); (S.V.V.); (A.S.G.); (A.K.); (J.S.S.)
| | - Autumn S. Garrett
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA; (S.C.); (S.V.V.); (A.S.G.); (A.K.); (J.S.S.)
| | - Aditi Kumar
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA; (S.C.); (S.V.V.); (A.S.G.); (A.K.); (J.S.S.)
| | - Janae S. Stiffend
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA; (S.C.); (S.V.V.); (A.S.G.); (A.K.); (J.S.S.)
| | - John S. Davis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center and VA Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Adegboyega K. Oyelere
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA; (S.T.); (B.W.)
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
| | - Shafiq A. Khan
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA; (S.C.); (S.V.V.); (A.S.G.); (A.K.); (J.S.S.)
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34
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Paciaroni NG, Norwood VM, Ratnayake R, Luesch H, Huigens RW. Yohimbine as a Starting Point to Access Diverse Natural Product-Like Agents with Re-programmed Activities against Cancer-Relevant GPCR Targets. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115546. [PMID: 32616180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest protein superfamily in the human genome. GPCRs play key roles in mediating a wide variety of physiological events including proliferation and cancer metastasis. Given the major roles that GPCRs play in mediating cancer growth, they present promising targets for small molecule therapeutics. One of the principal goals of our lab is to identify complex natural products (NPs) suitable for ring distortion, or the dramatic altering of the inherently complex architectures of NPs, to rapidly generate an array of compounds with diverse molecular skeletal systems. The overarching goal of our ring distortion approach is to re-program the biological activity of select natural products and identify new compounds of importance to the treatment of disease, such as cancer. Described herein are the results from biological screens of diverse small molecules derived from the indole alkaloid yohimbine against a panel of GPCRs involved in various diseases. Several analogues displayed highly differential antagonistic activities across the GPCRs tested. We highlight the re-programmed profile of one analogue, Y7g, which exhibited selective antagonistic activities against AVPR2 (IC50 = 459 nM) and OXTR (IC50 = 1.16 µM). The activity profile of Y7g could correlate its HIF-dependent anti-cancer activity to its GPCR antagonism since these receptors are known to be upregulated in hypoxic cellular environments. Our findings demonstrate that the ring distortion of yohimbine can lead to the identification of new compounds capable of interacting with distinct cancer-relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Paciaroni
- University of Florida, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, 1345 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Verrill M Norwood
- University of Florida, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, 1345 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Ranjala Ratnayake
- University of Florida, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, 1345 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- University of Florida, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, 1345 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Robert W Huigens
- University of Florida, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, 1345 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
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Hattori Y, Michel MC. Editorial: G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases (GRKs) and β-Arrestins: New Insights Into Disease Regulators. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1654. [PMID: 32047443 PMCID: PMC6997549 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hattori
- The Research Institute of Cancer Prevention, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Martin C Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Cárdenas S, Colombero C, Panelo L, Dakarapu R, Falck JR, Costas MA, Nowicki S. GPR75 receptor mediates 20-HETE-signaling and metastatic features of androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158573. [PMID: 31760076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies have shown that 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a key molecule in sustaining androgen-mediated prostate cancer cell survival. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether 20-HETE can affect the metastatic potential of androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells, and the implication of the newly described 20-HETE receptor, GPR75, in mediating these effects. METHODS The expression of GPR75, protein phosphorylation, actin polymerization and protein distribution were assessed by western blot and/or fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, in vitro assays including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, scratch wound healing, transwell invasion and soft agar colony formation were used to evaluate the effects of 20-HETE agonists/antagonists or GPR75 gene silencing on the aggressive features of PC-3 cells. RESULTS 20-HETE (0.1 nM) promoted the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype by increasing EMT, the release of MMP-2, cell migration and invasion, actin stress fiber formation and anchorage-independent growth. Also, 20-HETE augmented the expression of HIC-5, the phosphorylation of EGFR, NF-κB, AKT and p-38 and the intracellular redistribution of p-AKT and PKCα. These effects were impaired by GPR75 antagonism and/or silencing. Accordingly, the inhibition of 20-HETE formation with N-hydroxy-N'-(4-n-butyl-2-methylphenyl) formamidine (HET0016) elicited the opposite effects. CONCLUSIONS The present results show for the first time the involvement of the 20-HETE-GPR75 receptor in the activation of intracellular signaling known to be stimulated in cell malignant transformations leading to the differentiation of PC-3 cells towards a more aggressive phenotype. Targeting the 20-HETE/GPR75 pathway is a promising and novel approach to interfere with prostate tumor cell malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Cárdenas
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. Cesar Bergada" (CEDIE) CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutierrez", Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Colombero
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. Cesar Bergada" (CEDIE) CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutierrez", Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Panelo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, C1427ARN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rambabu Dakarapu
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America
| | - Monica A Costas
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Combatientes de Malvinas 3150, C1427ARN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Nowicki
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. Cesar Bergada" (CEDIE) CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutierrez", Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Downregulation of GRK5 hampers the migration of breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15548. [PMID: 31664083 PMCID: PMC6820534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib is a multispecific kinase inhibitor and one of its targets is the kinase GRK5, which is regulating a multitude of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this study we demonstrate that a decreased GRK5 expression induced by knock-down experiments or sunitinib treatment hampers the migration of cancer cell lines. A proteomic analysis revealed many pathways related to cell migration which were down regulated upon the GRK5 knock-down. Furthermore, we found in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells that the inhibition of migration is mediated by the GPCR gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) leading to a reduced expression of migration regulating downstream targets like CDC42 and ROCK1. An in silico Kaplan Meier analysis revealed that GRK5 and GRPR overexpression reduces the distant metastasis free survival in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Thus, we suggest a novel anti-migratory effect of impaired GRK5 expression which induces a negative feedback loop on GRPR signalling.
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Wang T, Qin Y, Lai H, Wei W, Li Z, Yang Y, Huang M, Chen J. The prognostic value of ADRA1 subfamily genes in gastric carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3150-3158. [PMID: 31452791 PMCID: PMC6704286 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenergic receptor α1 (ADRA1) subfamily members, including ADRA1A, ADRA1B and ADRA1D, are understood to participate in cardiac disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia. In addition, adrenergic signals in cell pathways can promote the development of cancer. However, little is understood regarding the associations between ADRA1 subfamily members and gastric carcinoma (GC). The present study investigated the prognostic value of the ADRA1 subfamily genes in GC. Data from a total of 379 patients with GC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to determine associations with overall survival (OS) and to evaluate the median survival time using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Multivariate survival analysis revealed that low expression levels of ADRA1A (HR, 0.595; 95% CI, 0.426–0.831; adjusted P=0.002) ADRA1B (HR, 0.576; 95% CI, 0.412–0.805; adjusted P=0.001) and ADRA1D (HR, 0.559; 95% CI, 0.398–0.787; adjusted P=0.001) were associated with a favourable OS. Joint-effects analysis demonstrated that combinations of low expression levels of ARDA1A, ARDA1B and ARDA1D were significantly associated with a favourable OS. Overall, the current results suggested that the mRNA expression levels of ARDA1 subfamily members may serve as potential prognostic markers for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhou Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Weiyuan Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Mingwei Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jiansi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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GPCR Modulation in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123840. [PMID: 30513833 PMCID: PMC6321247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer found in women living in developed countries. Endocrine therapy is the mainstay of treatment for hormone-responsive breast tumors (about 70% of all breast cancers) and implies the use of selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors. In contrast, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly heterogeneous disease that may account for up to 24% of all newly diagnosed cases, is hormone-independent and characterized by a poor prognosis. As drug resistance is common in all breast cancer subtypes despite the different treatment modalities, novel therapies targeting signaling transduction pathways involved in the processes of breast carcinogenesis, tumor promotion and metastasis have been subject to accurate consideration. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell-surface receptors involved in the development and progression of many tumors including breast cancer. Here we discuss data regarding GPCR-mediated signaling, pharmacological properties and biological outputs toward breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, we address several drugs that have shown an unexpected opportunity to interfere with GPCR-based breast tumorigenic signals.
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Peng WT, Sun WY, Li XR, Sun JC, Du JJ, Wei W. Emerging Roles of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051366. [PMID: 29734668 PMCID: PMC5983678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among a great variety of cell surface receptors, the largest superfamily is G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors. GPCRs can modulate diverse signal-transduction pathways through G protein-dependent or independent pathways which involve β-arrestins, G protein receptor kinases (GRKs), ion channels, or Src kinases under physiological and pathological conditions. Recent studies have revealed the crucial role of GPCRs in the tumorigenesis and the development of cancer metastasis. We will sum up the functions of GPCRs—particularly those coupled to chemokines, prostaglandin, lysophosphatidic acid, endothelin, catecholamine, and angiotensin—in the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis of hepatoma cells and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in this review. We also highlight the potential avenues of GPCR-based therapeutics for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Peng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
- Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Wu-Yi Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
- Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Xin-Ran Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
- Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Jia-Chang Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
- Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Jia-Jia Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
- Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
- Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
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