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Zaidi SAA, Chughtai N, Abbassi ZA, Alam J, Malick TS, Salim A, Saleem S. TUSC3, p53 and p21 genetic association with development of oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma among addictive tobacco chewers of Pakistan. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:780. [PMID: 38992585 PMCID: PMC11241966 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study delves into the intricate landscape of oral cancer, a global concern with a high incidence in Asian countries. We focus on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), primarily driven by the consumption of betel nut and its derivatives. OSCC often arises from premalignant lesions like oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). In Pakistan, OSCC is prevalent among men due to various addictive substances, including smokeless tobacco and chewing materials. Mutations in tumor suppressor genes, such as TP53 and p21, play crucial roles in this malignancy's development. We also explore the involvement of TUSC3 gene deletion in OSCC and OSF. METHODS In this study we investigated demographics, TUSC3 gene expression, deletion analysis, and TP53 and p21 genetic alterations in OSCC and OSF patients (blood and tissue of 50 samples in each condition) who had tobacco derivates usage history. The association analysis was carried out mainly through PCR based genotyping. RESULTS The study's patient cohort (OSCC and OSF) displayed a wide age range from 13 to 65 years (Mean = 32.96 years). Both conditions were more prevalent in males, with a male-female ratio of approximately 2.5:1. Chewing habits analysis revealed high frequencies of gutka use in both OSF and OSCC patients. TUSC3 expression analysis in OSCC cell lines indicated significant downregulation. Genotyping showed no TUSC3 deletion in OSF cases, but a deletion rate of over 22% in OSCC tissue samples. Analysis supported a significant association of TUSC3 deletion with OSCC development but not with OSF. Polymorphism in p53 exon 4 and p21 (rs1801270) were significantly associated with both OSCC and OSF, adding to their pathogenesis. Our findings further revealed a strong correlation between TUSC3 deletion and the excessive use of tobacco and related products, shedding light on the genetic underpinnings of OSCC development. CONCLUSIONS Notably, our study provides a crucial insight into genetic aspects underlying OSCC and OSF in response of addictive consumption of areca nut, betel quid, and tobacco derivatives. A significant association between TUSC3 deletion and OSCC development, along with polymorphisms in TP53 and p21, underscores the importance of further research into the molecular mechanisms driving oral cancer progression for improved diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Aqib Ali Zaidi
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | | | - Zubair Ahmed Abbassi
- Department of Dentistry, Jinnah Sindh Medical University (JSMU), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jehan Alam
- Department of Dentistry, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, 75510, Pakistan
| | - Tuba Shakil Malick
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saima Saleem
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Uttam V, Rana MK, Sharma U, Singh K, Jain A. Circulating long non-coding RNA EWSAT1 acts as a liquid biopsy marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A pilot study. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:1-11. [PMID: 38028735 PMCID: PMC10679462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread public health problem of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the cause of an increasing number of deaths each year due to delayed diagnosis. Therefore, we require specific and sensitive new biomarkers to manage ESCC better. The detection of diseases, such as cancer, can now be achieved through non-invasive circulating blood-based methods. Blood-based circulating non-coding RNAs, such as miRNA and lncRNA, have been extensively used as valuable markers for lung, esophageal, and breast cancer diagnostic purposes, as quoted in our previous research. Herein, we investigated the role of novel long non-coding RNA EWSAT1 as a blood-based liquid biopsy biomarker for the ESCC. Our findings indicate that EWSAT1 lncRNA has an increased tumor suppressive activity in ESCC, as it reduces by ∼2.59-fold relative to healthy controls. Moreover, we established that EWSAT1 expression can significantly distinguish between clinicopathological characteristics, including age, gender, and lifestyle choices such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and drinking hot beverages among patients with ESCC and healthy individuals. In addition, the expression levels of lncRNA EWSAT1 could distinguish between individuals with more advanced ESCC cancer and those without it, as illustrated by the ROC curve (AUC = 0.7174, 95 % confidence intervals = 0.5901 to 0.8448, p-value = 0.001). Our in-silico prediction methods demonstrated that miR-873-5p is the direct target of EWSAT1, which competes with the tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3) and EGL-9 family hypoxia-inducible factor 3 (EGLN3) mRNAs through a sponging mechanism, creating the EWSAT1/miR-873-5p/mRNA axis. We have analyzed the role of EWSAT1 in various cellular processes and signaling pathways, including mTOR, Wnt, and MAPK signaling pathways. Circulating EWSAT1 can be used as a liquid biopsy marker for diagnosis of ESCC and has the potential to serve as an effective therapeutic biomarker, according to this pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Uttam
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151401, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Manjit Kaur Rana
- Department of Pathology/Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 151001, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Uttam Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151401, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Karuna Singh
- Department of Radiotherapy, Advanced Cancer Institute, 151001, Bathinda, Affiliated with Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151401, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Li P, Chen X, Qin G, Yue D, Zhang Z, Ping Y, Wang D, Zhao X, Song M, Zhao Q, Li J, Liu S, Wang D, Zhang C, Lian J, Cao L, Li F, Huang L, Wang L, Yang L, Huang J, Li H, Zhang B, Zhang Y. Maelstrom Directs Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Promote Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression via Activation of the Akt1/RelA/IL8 Signaling Pathway. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:1246-1259. [PMID: 30082413 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Maelstrom (MAEL) is a novel cancer/testis-associated gene, which is not only expressed in the male testicular germ cells among human normal tissues, but is also aberrantly expressed in various cancer tissues. In our study, MAEL was characterized as a tumor-promoting gene and was significantly associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) recurrence and unfavorable prognosis. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high MAEL expression had a shorter survival time. Functional experiments showed that MAEL promoted tumor cell growth and inhibited cell apoptosis. These results prompted us to investigate the factors affecting the tumorigenicity of MAEL Further experimentation demonstrated that MAEL enhanced the expression of phosphorylated Akt1, with subsequent phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit RelA in tumor cells, and chemoattracted myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) by upregulating interleukin-8 (IL8) to accelerate tumor progression in the tumor microenvironment. We also found that TGFβ secreted by MDSCs could upregulate MAEL by inducing Smad2/Smad3 phosphorylation. In summary, this study revealed a mechanism by which MAEL could upregulate IL8 through Akt1/RelA to direct MDSCs homing into the tumor, suggesting that MAEL could be an attractive therapeutic target and a prognostic marker against ESCC. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(10); 1246-59. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pupu Li
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongli Yue
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengjia Song
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qitai Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jieyao Li
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingyao Lian
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ling Cao
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianmin Huang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong Li
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Wang M, Smith JS, Wei WQ. Tissue protein biomarker candidates to predict progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1434:59-69. [PMID: 29882970 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most predominant malignancies worldwide. The 5-year survival rate is still relatively low due to few symptoms presenting with the early disease, diagnosis at middle to late stage, and high risk of recurrence after therapy. Novel protein biomarkers for early detection and treatment of ESCC have the potential to reduce incidence and mortality rates, and significantly prolong the 5-year survival rate. To date, several ESCC biomarkers are being investigated for screening, diagnosis, and treatment to decrease the disease burden. This review summarizes recent developments in candidate protein biomarkers for early diagnosis, predictors for precancerous disease progression, and prognosis of ESCC. Protein biomarkers that enable identification of the different pathologic grades of ESCC will need to be identified. ESCC biomarkers have the potential to improve screening and treatment strategies; multicenter prospective studies with large sample sizes will be required to confirm the usefulness of these candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer S Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wen-Qiang Wei
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Wang L, Wang M, Zhang M, Li X, Zhu Z, Wang H. Expression and significance of RRBP1 in esophageal carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1243-1249. [PMID: 29844703 PMCID: PMC5962310 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s158013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was to investigate the expression and clinical significance of RRBP1 in esophageal carcinoma. Materials and methods RRBP1 expression was detected in 120 esophageal carcinoma and matched adjacent normal tissues, and the relationship of RRBP1 with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis was analyzed. Results RRBP1 was highly expressed in esophageal carcinoma tissues compared with matched adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05). Moreover, RRBP1 expression was associated with T stage, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage in esophageal carcinoma (P<0.05). Survival analysis revealed that RRBP1, T stage, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage were significantly associated with patients’ prognosis. Conclusion RRBP1 is highly expressed in esophageal carcinoma and can serve as a potential biomarker to predict patients’ prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Endoscopic Professional, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Mingyun Zhang
- Department of Endoscopic Professional, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xingde Li
- Department of Endoscopic Professional, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Zhongcheng Zhu
- Department of Endoscopic Professional, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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Vašíčková K, Horak P, Vaňhara P. TUSC3: functional duality of a cancer gene. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:849-857. [PMID: 28929175 PMCID: PMC11105401 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two decades ago, following a systematic screening of LOH regions on chromosome 8p22, TUSC3 has been identified as a candidate tumor suppressor gene in ovarian, prostate and pancreatic cancers. Since then, a growing body of evidence documented its clinical importance in various other types of cancers, and first initial insights into its molecular function and phenotypic effects have been gained, though the precise role of TUSC3 in different cancers remains unclear. As a part of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, TUSC3 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and functions in final steps of N-glycosylation of proteins, while its loss evokes the unfolded protein response. We are still trying to figure out how this mechanistic function is reconcilable with its varied effects on cancer promotion. In this review, we focus on cancer-related effects of TUSC3 and envisage a possible role of TUSC3 beyond endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Vašíčková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 126/3, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Horak
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petr Vaňhara
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 126/3, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Sheng XR, Xing SG, Wang RD, Chen K, Jia WD. Low levels of tumor suppressor candidate 3 predict poor prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:909-917. [PMID: 29503566 PMCID: PMC5825997 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s153381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3) has been considered to be closely associated with the occurrence, development and invasion of various malignant tumors. However, the expression of TUSC3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues remains ambiguous. The purpose of this research was to investigate the expression of TUSC3 in HCC tissues and analyze the relationship between TUSC3 levels and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of HCC patients. Materials and methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TUSC3 in HCC and the corresponding para-cancerous tissues from 92 samples of HCC patients. mRNA and protein expression levels of TUSC3 were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot assays in 25 paired HCC and corresponding adjacent nontumor tissues. Furthermore, statistical analysis was applied to evaluate the correlation between TUSC3 level and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of HCC patients. Results Immunohistochemical assay indicated that the expression of TUSC3 was significantly lower in HCC tissues when compared with the corresponding para-cancerous tissues (χ2=11.512, P=0.001). The analysis of clinicopathological characteristics showed that low expression of TUSC3 in HCC tissues was significantly associated with Edmondson grade, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage and tumor size (P=0.008, 0.009 and 0.020, respectively). Univariate analysis showed that the expression of TUSC3 was strongly correlated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) after radical surgery in HCC patients (P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the TUSC3 level was an independent risk factor for OS and DFS in HCC patients (P=0.001, P<0.001, respectively). Results of qRT-PCR and Western blot assays indicated that the level of TUSC3 in HCC tissues was significantly lower than that in the corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues (P<0.01, P<0.001). Conclusion The expression of TUSC3 in HCC was significantly downregulated and was correlated with tumor progression and prognosis, which could be used as an independent predictor of prognosis in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ren Sheng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery
| | - Song-Ge Xing
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery.,CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Dong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery
| | - Kang Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery
| | - Wei-Dong Jia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery
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Tumor suppressor candidate 3: A novel grading tool and predictor of clinical malignancy in human gliomas. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5655-5661. [PMID: 29556302 PMCID: PMC5844021 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For several years, the cause of autosomal recessive mental retardation has been attributed to the deletion or mutation of a gene named tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3). Previous research has identified that TUSC3 is a potential tumor suppressor gene in oral epidermoid carcinoma, lung cancer and esophageal cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, no previously published data has existed on the expression of TUSC3 in gliomas. The present study focused on the expression of TUSC3 in brain gliomas. Additionally, the present study sought to identify he association between TUSC3 expression and the typical clinical and pathological disease manifestations of gliomas. TUSC3 levels were evaluated using a western blot assay and immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray slides. Results indicated a significant decrease in TUSC3 expression in glioma tissues compared with the normal adjacent tissues. Furthermore, TUSC3 expression and World Health Organization grade demonstrated an inverse association in patients with glioma. This revealed that lower levels of TUSC3 in gliomas may be associated with a poorly-differentiated (high grade) tumor and thus a higher malignancy. Through the combination of the results of the present study and future research projects, TUSC3 may be a novel grading tool that assists with evaluating tumor malignancy and consequently a more active therapeutic regimen may be used in patients with glioma.
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