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Qiao S, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Su Y. Sennoside A induces autophagic death of prostate cancer via inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:645-654. [PMID: 37740843 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common malignancy in male reproductive system. Sennoside A (SA) is an anthraquinone active ingredient extracted from Rheum officinale Baill., which exerts anti-tumor activity on different tumors. In the present study, the toxicity of SA on PC3 and DU 145 cells was detected via CCK-8. The effects of SA on growth, apoptosis, and autophagy were determined through CCK-8, Hoechst stain, flow cytometry, western blot, and immunofluorescence examinations. An in vivo experiment was performed in xenografted mice with intraperitoneal introduction of 10 mg/kg SA and validated via TUNEL, immunohistochemistry and western blot. The results showed that SA inhibited the cell viability with a IC50 value of 52.36 and 67.48 µM in DU 145 and PC3 cells respectively, and enhanced the apoptosis of PC3 and DU 145 cells. Additionally, SA elevated the relative LC3B expression, and the relative protein expression of LC3II/LC3I and Beclin-1, but diminished the P62 protein expression. The relative protein level of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR was reduced with SA treatment, which was verified by the 740 Y-P application. The 740 Y-P treatments also restored the SA-induced the cell viability, apoptosis rate and relative LC3B expression. Meanwhile, SA inhibited the growth of PC cell and the relative protein level of PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in vivo. Taken together, SA regulated the proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy via inactivating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Qiao
- Department of Urology, Xijing 986 Hospital Department, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Wuhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing 986 Hospital Department, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China.
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of Urology, Xijing 986 Hospital Department, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Yansheng Su
- Department of Urology, Xijing 986 Hospital Department, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
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2
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Hashemi M, Zandieh MA, Talebi Y, Rahmanian P, Shafiee SS, Nejad MM, Babaei R, Sadi FH, Rajabi R, Abkenar ZO, Rezaei S, Ren J, Nabavi N, Khorrami R, Rashidi M, Hushmandi K, Entezari M, Taheriazam A. Paclitaxel and docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer: Molecular mechanisms and possible therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114392. [PMID: 36804123 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among most malignant tumors around the world and this urological tumor can be developed as result of genomic mutations and their accumulation during progression towards advanced stage. Due to lack of specific symptoms in early stages of prostate cancer, most cancer patients are diagnosed in advanced stages that tumor cells display low response to chemotherapy. Furthermore, genomic mutations in prostate cancer enhance the aggressiveness of tumor cells. Docetaxel and paclitaxel are suggested as well-known compounds for chemotherapy of prostate tumor and they possess a similar function in cancer therapy that is based on inhibiting depolymerization of microtubules, impairing balance of microtubules and subsequent delay in cell cycle progression. The aim of current review is to highlight mechanisms of paclitaxel and docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer. When oncogenic factors such as CD133 display upregulation and PTEN as tumor-suppressor shows decrease in expression, malignancy of prostate tumor cells enhances and they can induce drug resistance. Furthermore, phytochemicals as anti-tumor compounds have been utilized in suppressing chemoresistance in prostate cancer. Naringenin and lovastatin are among the anti-tumor compounds that have been used for impairing progression of prostate tumor and enhancing drug sensitivity. Moreover, nanostructures such as polymeric micelles and nanobubbles have been utilized in delivery of anti-tumor compounds and decreasing risk of chemoresistance development. These subjects are highlighted in current review to provide new insight for reversing drug resistance in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasmin Talebi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Rahmanian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Sadat Shafiee
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melina Maghsodlou Nejad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Babaei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Hasani Sadi
- General Practitioner, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Romina Rajabi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shamin Rezaei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Bowling GC, Rands MG, Dobi A, Eldhose B. Emerging Developments in ETS-Positive Prostate Cancer Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:168-178. [PMID: 36511830 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a global health concern, which has a low survival rate in its advanced stages. Even though second-generation androgen receptor-axis inhibitors serve as the mainstay treatment options, utmost of the metastatic cases progress into castration-resistant prostate cancer after their initial treatment response with poor prognostic outcomes. Hence, there is a dire need to develop effective inhibitors that aim the causal oncogenes tangled in the prostate cancer initiation and progression. Molecular-targeted therapy against E-26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factors, particularly ETS-related gene, has gained wide attention as a potential treatment strategy. ETS rearrangements with the male hormone responsive transmembrane protease serine 2 promoter defines a significant number of prostate cancer cases and is responsible for cancer initiation and progression. Notably, inhibition of ETS activity has shown to reduce tumorigenesis, thus highlighting its potential as a clinical therapeutic target. In this review, we recapitulate the various targeted drug approaches, including small molecules, peptidomimetics, nucleic acids, and many others, aimed to suppress ETS activity. Several inhibitors have demonstrated ERG antagonist activity in prostate cancer, but further investigations into their molecular mechanisms and impacts on nontumor ETS-containing tissues is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gartrell C Bowling
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mitchell G Rands
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Albert Dobi
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Binil Eldhose
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
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4
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Chellini L, Pieraccioli M, Sette C, Paronetto MP. The DNA/RNA helicase DHX9 contributes to the transcriptional program of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:178. [PMID: 35590370 PMCID: PMC9118622 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most commonly diagnosed male malignancy and an important cause of mortality. Androgen deprivation therapy is the first line treatment but, unfortunately, a large part of patients evolves to a castration-resistant stage, for which no effective cure is currently available. The DNA/RNA helicase DHX9 is emerging as an important regulator of cellular processes that are often deregulated in cancer.
Methods
To investigate whether DHX9 modulates PC cell transcriptome we performed RNA-sequencing analyses upon DHX9 silencing in the androgen-responsive cell line LNCaP. Bioinformatics and functional analyses were carried out to elucidate the mechanism of gene expression regulation by DHX9. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were mined to evaluate the potential role of DHX9 in PC.
Results
We found that up-regulation of DHX9 correlates with advanced stage and is associated with poor prognosis of PC patients. High-throughput RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that depletion of DHX9 in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells affects expression of hundreds of genes, which significantly overlap with known targets of the Androgen Receptor (AR). Notably, AR binds to the DHX9 promoter and induces its expression, while Enzalutamide-mediated inhibition of AR activity represses DHX9 expression. Moreover, DHX9 interacts with AR in LNCaP cells and its depletion significantly reduced the recruitment of AR to the promoter region of target genes and the ability of AR to promote their expression in response to 5α-dihydrotestosterone. Consistently, silencing of DXH9 negatively affected androgen-induced PC cell proliferation and migration.
Conclusions
Collectively, our data uncover a new role of DHX9 in the control of the AR transcriptional program and establish the existence of an oncogenic DHX9/AR axis, which may represent a new druggable target to counteract PC progression.
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5
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Krause W. Resistance to prostate cancer treatments. IUBMB Life 2022; 75:390-410. [PMID: 35978491 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A review of the current treatment options for prostate cancer and the formation of resistance to these regimens has been compiled including primary, acquired, and cross-resistance. The diversification of the pathways involved and the escape routes the tumor is utilizing have been addressed. Whereas early stages of tumor can be cured, there is no treatment available after a point of no return has been reached, leaving palliative treatment as the only option. The major reasons for this outcome are the heterogeneity of tumors, both inter- and intra-individually and the nearly endless number of escape routes, which the tumor can select to overcome the effects of treatment. This means that more focus should be applied to the individualization of both diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer. In addition to current treatment options, novel drugs and ongoing clinical trials have been addressed in this review.
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6
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Milczarek M, Pogorzelska A, Wiktorska K. Synergistic Interaction between 5-FU and an Analog of Sulforaphane-2-Oxohexyl Isothiocyanate-In an In Vitro Colon Cancer Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103019. [PMID: 34069385 PMCID: PMC8158758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy is based on the beneficial effects of pharmacodynamic interaction (synergistic or additive) between combined drugs or substances. A considerable group of candidates for combined treatments are natural compounds (e.g., isothiocyanates) and their analogs, which are tested in combination with anticancer drugs. We tested the anticancer effect of the combined treatment of isothiocyanate 2-oxohexyl isothiocyanate and 5-fluorouracil in colon and prostate cancer cell lines. The type of interaction was described using the Chou-Talalay method. The cytostatic and cytotoxic activities of the most promising combined treatments were investigated. In conclusion, we showed that combined treatment with 5-fluorouracil and 2-oxohexyl isothiocyanate acted synergistically in colon cancer. This activity is dependent on the cytostatic properties of the tested compounds and leads to the intensification of their individual cytotoxic activity. The apoptotic process is considered to be the main mechanism of cytotoxicity in this combined treatment.
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7
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Ren X, Ma Y, Wang X, Xu X, Wu P, Liu W, Zhang K, Goodin S, Li D, Zheng X. Nobiletin Inhibits Cell Growth, Migration and Invasion, and Enhances the Anti-Cancer Effect of Gemcitabine on Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211004062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are very promising adjuvants with a variety of biological activities. Nobiletin, a citrus polymethoxyflavone, has been shown to exert an anticancer effect in various cell lines. In this study, we investigated the effects of nobiletin on cell viability, sphere formation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, and the underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that nobiletin significantly inhibited PANC-1 cell migration and invasion, and these effects were associated with downregulation of MMP-2. We also found that nobiletin, in a low concentration, exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on sphere formation. The potential molecular mechanisms were related to significant downregulation of p-mTOR and p-STAT3. Furthermore, we found that nobiletin combined with gemcitabine synergistically inhibited PANC-1 cell viability and sphere formation. The underlying mechanisms of the synergistic inhibition on growth were associated with decreases in p-STAT3 expression. Overall, our results suggest that nobiletin may be a promising candidate for pancreatic cancer adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuran Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuetao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Susan Goodin
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Dongli Li
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, China
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Xi Zheng
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
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8
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Le J, Fu Y, Han Q, Ma Y, Ji H, Wei X, Chen Y, Sun Y, Gao Y, Wu H. Transcriptome Analysis of the Inhibitory Effect of Sennoside A on the Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:566099. [PMID: 33708105 PMCID: PMC7942274 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.566099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sennoside A (SA) is a bioactive component of Rheum officinale Baill. with an activity of irritant laxative, which has been reported to possess therapeutic potential in various diseases or conditions including obesity, insulin resistance, liver steatosis, prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer progression. However, whether SA has therapeutic potential in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment remains elusive. In this study, we treated two HCC cell lines, HepG2 and SMMC-7721 with SA and found that SA selectively inhibited the growth of HCC cells by proliferation assay. SA has a good inhibitory effect on proliferation of HepG2 cells in a concentration dependent manner, but there was no effect on SMMC-7721 cells. Then we conducted transwell assays and transcriptome analysis in HCC cells and examined the effects of SA on HCC in vivo. The results showed that SA significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of HCC. Comparison of RNA-seq transcriptome profiles from control groups and SA-treated groups identified 171 and 264 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells respectively, in which includes 2 overlapping up-regulated DEGs and 12 overlapping down-regulated DEGs between HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. The qPCR were applied to investigate the transcriptional level of 9 overlapping down-regulated DEGs related to cancer metastasis, and the results were consistent with RNA-seq data. The dominate pathways including Wnt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway were strongly inhibited by SA, which are involved in regulating cancer metastasis. Finally, we confirmed that the downregulation of KRT7 and KRT81 could inhibit HCC metastasis. This study has provided new insight into the understanding of the inhibitory effects and potential targets of SA on the metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Le
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuqin Han
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Houlin Ji
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xindong Wei
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongning Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Department of Liver Diseases, Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Cellular Immunity, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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9
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Wu J, Sun L, Liu T, Dong G. Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Destruction-Mediated Downregulation of EZH2 Inhibits Stemness and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Liver Cancer Stem Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:221-237. [PMID: 33469303 PMCID: PMC7810681 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s269589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cells could show the characteristics of cancer stem cells (CSCs) through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EZH2 was associated with EMT. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) could enhance gene transfection efficiency. Here, we explored the effect of UTMD-mediated shEZH2 on liver CSCs. Methods EZH2 expression in liver cancer and the overall survival of liver cancer patients were analyzed by bioinformatics. Liver CSCs (CD133+HuH7) were sorted by flow cytometry. After transfection of shEZH2 through UTMD (UTMD-shEZH2) or liposome (LIP-shEZH2), the viability, proliferation, sphere formation, migration, and invasion of CD133+HuH7 cells were detected by MTT, colony formation, tumor-sphere formation, wound healing, and transwell assays, respectively. A mice subcutaneous-xenotransplant tumor model was established by injecting CD133+HuH7 or CD133−HuH7 cells into the limbs of mice. Tumor weight and volume were documented. The expressions of EZH2, EMT-related factors, and STAT3/PI3K/AKT pathway-related factors in CD133+HuH7 cells or tumor tissues were detected by RT-qPCR, Western blot, or immunohistochemical. Results EZH2 was high-expressed in liver cancer, and the patients with high expression of EZH2 had a poor survival. CD133+ HuH7 cells had higher EZH2 expression, higher viability, and stronger sphere-forming and tumor-forming abilities than CD133− HuH7 cells. ShEZH2 inhibited the viability, proliferation, sphere formation, migration, and invasion of CD133+ HuH7 cells, decreased the weight and volume of the xenotransplant tumor, inhibited the expressions of EZH2, Vimentin, N-Cadherin, Twist-1, p-STAT3, p-PI3K, and p-AKT, and increased E-Cadherin expression. UTMD-shEZH2 caused a stronger effect on CD133+ HuH7 cells than LIP-shEZH2. Conclusion UTMD-mediated shEZH2 inhibited the stemness and EMT of liver CSCs in vitro and in vivo through regulating the STAT3/PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Ultrasound Intervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Ultrasound Intervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Intervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Dong
- Department of Ultrasound Intervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
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10
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Dinhof C, Pirker C, Kroiss P, Kirchhofer D, Gabler L, Gojo J, Lötsch-Gojo D, Stojanovic M, Timelthaler G, Ferk F, Knasmüller S, Reisecker J, Spiegl-Kreinecker S, Birner P, Preusser M, Berger W. p53 Loss Mediates Hypersensitivity to ETS Transcription Factor Inhibition Based on PARylation-Mediated Cell Death Induction. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113205. [PMID: 33143299 PMCID: PMC7693367 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary ETS transcription factors are potent oncogenic drivers in several cancer types and represent promising therapeutic targets. However, molecular factors influencing response to ETS factor inhibition are widely unknown so far. Here, we uncover that sensitivity of cancer cells against ETS factor blockade by the small molecule inhibitor YK-4-279 is strongly promoted by p53 loss in a MAPK-driven background. Induction of a parthanatos-like cell death based on a deregulated MAPK/ETS1/p53/PARP1 signal axis is identified as underlying molecular mechanism. Hence, this study suggests a novel and biomarker-driven therapeutic strategy for p53-deleted tumours, generally known for their profound therapy resistance. Abstract The small-molecule E26 transformation-specific (ETS) factor inhibitor YK-4-279 was developed for therapy of ETS/EWS fusion-driven Ewing’s sarcoma. Here we aimed to identify molecular factors underlying YK-4-279 responsiveness in ETS fusion-negative cancers. Cell viability screenings that deletion of P53 induced hypersensitization against YK-4-279 especially in the BRAFV600E-mutated colon cancer model RKO. This effect was comparably minor in the BRAF wild-type HCT116 colon cancer model. Out of all ETS transcription factor family members, especially ETS1 overexpression at mRNA and protein level was induced by deletion of P53 specifically under BRAF-mutated conditions. Exposure to YK-4-279 reverted ETS1 upregulation induced by P53 knock-out in RKO cells. Despite upregulation of p53 by YK-4-279 itself in RKOp53 wild-type cells, YK-4-279-mediated hyperphosphorylation of histone histone H2A.x was distinctly more pronounced in the P53 knock-out background. YK-4-279-induced cell death in RKOp53-knock-out cells involved hyperPARylation of PARP1, translocation of the apoptosis-inducible factor AIF into nuclei, and induction of mitochondrial membrane depolarization, all hallmarks of parthanatos. Accordingly, pharmacological PARP as well as BRAFV600E inhibition showed antagonistic activity with YK-4-279 especially in the P53 knock-out background. Taken together, we identified ETS factor inhibition as a promising strategy for the treatment of notoriously therapy-resistant p53-null solid tumours with activating MAPK mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Dinhof
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christine Pirker
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Philipp Kroiss
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Dominik Kirchhofer
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Lisa Gabler
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Johannes Gojo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Lötsch-Gojo
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjana Stojanovic
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gerald Timelthaler
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Johannes Reisecker
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Sabine Spiegl-Kreinecker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria;
| | - Peter Birner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Walter Berger
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.D.); (C.P.); (P.K.); (D.K.); (L.G.); (D.L.-G.); (M.S.); (G.T.); (F.F.); (S.K.); (J.R.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-(0)1-40160-57555
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11
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Qi T, Qu Q, Li G, Wang J, Zhu H, Yang Z, Sun Y, Lu Q, Qu J. Function and regulation of the PEA3 subfamily of ETS transcription factors in cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3083-3105. [PMID: 33163259 PMCID: PMC7642666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The PEA3 subfamily is a subgroup of the E26 transformation-specific (ETS) family. Its members, ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5, have been found to be overexpressed in multiple cancers. The deregulation of ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5 induces cell growth, invasion, and migration in various tumor cells, leading to tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Therefore, exploring drugs or therapeutic targets that target the PEA3 subfamily may contribute to the clinical treatment of tumor patients. In this review, we introduce the structures and functions of the PEA3 subfamily members, systematically review their main roles in various tumor cells, analyze their prognostic and diagnostic value, and, finally, introduce several molecular targets and therapeutic drugs targeting ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5. We conclude that targeting a series of upstream regulators and downstream target genes of the PEA3 subfamily may be an effective strategy for the treatment of ETV1/ETV4/ETV5-overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
| | - Qiang Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410007, PR China
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
| | - Haihong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410007, PR China
| | - Yuesheng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People’s HospitalWenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
| | - Jian Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
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12
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Eftekhari S, Montazeri H, Tarighi P. Synergistic anti-tumor effects of Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, along with Docetaxel on LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 878:173102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Ma Y, Ren X, Patel N, Xu X, Wu P, Liu W, Zhang K, Goodin S, Li D, Zheng X. Nobiletin, a citrus polymethoxyflavone, enhances the effects of bicalutamide on prostate cancer cells via down regulation of NF-κB, STAT3, and ERK activation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10254-10262. [PMID: 35498570 PMCID: PMC9050343 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10020b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have shown potential to be combined with current cancer therapies to improve patient outcomes. Nobiletin (NBT) is a citrus polymethoxyflavone and has been shown to exert an anticancer effect in various cancer cells. We investigated the effects and mechanisms of NBT in combination with bicalutamide (BCT), a commonly used anti-androgen drug in prostate cancer therapy, on prostate cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that the combined treatment with NBT and BCT produces an enhanced inhibitory effect on the growth of prostate cancer cells compared to either compound alone. The synergistic action of NBT and BCT was confirmed using isobologram analysis. Moreover, this study has shown that NBT and BCT synergistically inhibited colony formation and migration as well as induced apoptosis. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that NBT and BCT combination reduced key cellular signaling regulators including: p-Erk/Erk, p-STAT3/STAT3 and NF-κB. Overall, these results suggest that NBT combination with BCT may be an effective treatment for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University Jiangmen Guangdong 529020 China
| | - Xiang Ren
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University Jiangmen Guangdong 529020 China
| | - Nandini Patel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 164 Frelinghuysen Road Piscataway NJ 08854 USA +1-732-445-0687 +1-848-445-8069
| | - Xuetao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University Jiangmen Guangdong 529020 China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen) Jiangmen 529020 Guangdong China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University Jiangmen Guangdong 529020 China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University Jiangmen Guangdong 529020 China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen) Jiangmen 529020 Guangdong China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University Jiangmen Guangdong 529020 China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen) Jiangmen 529020 Guangdong China
| | - Susan Goodin
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey New Brunswick NJ 08903 USA
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University Jiangmen Guangdong 529020 China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen) Jiangmen 529020 Guangdong China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 164 Frelinghuysen Road Piscataway NJ 08854 USA +1-732-445-0687 +1-848-445-8069
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey New Brunswick NJ 08903 USA
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14
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Shao L, Kahraman N, Yan G, Wang J, Ozpolat B, Ittmann M. Targeting the TMPRSS2/ERG fusion mRNA using liposomal nanovectors enhances docetaxel treatment in prostate cancer. Prostate 2020; 80:65-73. [PMID: 31614005 PMCID: PMC6925833 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TMPRSS2/ERG (TE) fusion gene is present in half of the prostate cancers (PCas). The TMPRSS2 and ERG junction of the fusion messenger RNA (mRNA) constitutes a cancer-specific target. Although docetaxel-based chemotherapy is the second line of therapy following development resistance to androgen ablation therapies, it is not curative. Therefore, the development of nontoxic novel monotherapies for targeting TE mRNA in PCa patients and for increasing the clinical efficacy of docetaxel treatment are needed. METHODS We evaluated multiple approaches to enhance the delivery of TE small interfering RNA (siRNA) containing liposomes including PEGylation, topical treatment with nitroglycerin (NG) to increase permeability and retention, and three different PEG modifications: folate, RGD cyclic peptide, and a bFGF fibroblast growth factor receptor-targeting peptide. The efficacy of the optimized TE siRNA liposome in combination with docetaxel was then evaluated in vivo with or without topical NG in vivo using a VCaP xenograft model. TE fusion protein knockdown in residual tumors was assessed using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In vivo therapeutic targeting of TE fusion gene by systemic delivery of RGD-peptide-coated liposomal siRNA nanovectors led to sustained target silencing, suppressed tumor growth in xenograft models and enhanced the efficacy of docetaxel chemotherapy. Simultaneous application of the vasodilator NG to the skin further increased tissue the delivery of siRNA and enhanced target knockdown. CONCLUSION TE-targeted gene silencing therapy using liposomal nanovectors is a potential therapeutic strategy as a monotherapy and to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjiang Shao
- Dept. of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Dept. of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Nermin Kahraman
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston,Texas 77030
| | - Ge Yan
- Dept. of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Dept. of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jianghua Wang
- Dept. of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Dept. of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston,Texas 77030
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Dept. of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Dept. of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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15
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Spriano F, Chung EYL, Gaudio E, Tarantelli C, Cascione L, Napoli S, Jessen K, Carrassa L, Priebe V, Sartori G, Graham G, Selvanathan SP, Cavalli A, Rinaldi A, Kwee I, Testoni M, Genini D, Ye BH, Zucca E, Stathis A, Lannutti B, Toretsky JA, Bertoni F. The ETS Inhibitors YK-4-279 and TK-216 Are Novel Antilymphoma Agents. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5167-5176. [PMID: 31182435 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transcription factors are commonly deregulated in cancer, and they have been widely considered as difficult to target due to their nonenzymatic mechanism of action. Altered expression levels of members of the ETS-transcription factors are often observed in many different tumors, including lymphomas. Here, we characterized two small molecules, YK-4-279 and its clinical derivative, TK-216, targeting ETS factors via blocking the protein-protein interaction with RNA helicases, for their antilymphoma activity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The study included preclinical in vitro activity screening on a large panel of cell lines, both as single agent and in combination; validation experiments on in vivo models; and transcriptome and coimmunoprecipitation experiments. RESULTS YK-4-279 and TK-216 demonstrated an antitumor activity across several lymphoma cell lines, which we validated in vivo. We observed synergistic activity when YK-4-279 and TK-216 were combined with the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax and with the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide. YK-4-279 and TK-216 interfere with protein interactions of ETS family members SPIB, in activated B-cell-like type diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, and SPI1, in germinal center B-cell-type diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. CONCLUSIONS The ETS inhibitor YK-4-279 and its clinical derivative TK-216 represent a new class of agents with in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity in lymphomas. Although their detailed mechanism of action needs to be fully defined, in DLBCL they might act by targeting subtype-specific essential transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Spriano
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elaine Yee Lin Chung
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Tarantelli
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Napoli
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Laura Carrassa
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Valdemar Priebe
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Sartori
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Garrett Graham
- Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Saravana P Selvanathan
- Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Biomedical Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Kwee
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Monica Testoni
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Genini
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - B Hilda Ye
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, New York
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jeffrey A Toretsky
- Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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16
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Sánchez BG, Bort A, Mateos-Gómez PA, Rodríguez-Henche N, Díaz-Laviada I. Combination of the natural product capsaicin and docetaxel synergistically kills human prostate cancer cells through the metabolic regulator AMP-activated kinase. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:54. [PMID: 30899201 PMCID: PMC6408806 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current chemotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer is established on taxane-based compounds like docetaxel. However, eventually, the development of toxic side effects and resistance limits the therapeutic benefit being the major concern in the treatment of prostate cancer. Combination therapies in many cases, enhance drug efficacy and delay the appearance of undesired effects, representing an important option for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. In this study, we tested the efficacy of the combination of docetaxel and capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of hot chili peppers, on prostate cancer cells proliferation. Methods Prostate cancer LNCaP and PC3 cell lines were used in this study. Levels of total and phosphorylated forms of Akt, mTOR, S6, LKB1, AMPK and ACC were determined by Western blot. AMPK, LKB1 and Akt knock down was performed by siRNA. PTEN was overexpressed by transient transfection with plasmids. Xenograft prostate tumors were induced in nude mice and treatments (docetaxel and capsaicin) were administered intraperitoneally. Statistical analyses were performed with GraphPad software. Combination index was calculated with Compusyn software. Results Docetaxel and capsaicin synergistically inhibited the growth of LNCaP and PC3 cells, with a combination index lower than 1 for most of the combinations tested. Co-treatment with docetaxel and capsaicin notably decreased Akt and its downstream targets mTOR and S6 phosphorylation. Overexpression of PTEN phosphatase abrogated the synergistic antiproliferative effect of docetaxel and capsaicin. The combined treatment also increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and the phosphorylation of its substrate ACC. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of AMPK with dorsomorphin (compound C) as well as knock down by siRNA of AMPK or its upstream kinase LKB1, abolished the synergy of docetaxel and capsaicin. Mechanistically, we showed that the synergistic anti-proliferative effect may be attributed to two independent effects: Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by one side, and AMPK activation by the other. In vivo experiments confirmed the synergistic effects of docetaxel and capsaicin in reducing the tumor growth of PC3 cells. Conclusion Combination of docetaxel and capsaicin represents a therapeutically relevant approach for the treatment of Prostate Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén G Sánchez
- 1Department of Systems Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcala University, Alcalá de Henares, Ctra A-2 Km 32., 28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Bort
- 1Department of Systems Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcala University, Alcalá de Henares, Ctra A-2 Km 32., 28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro A Mateos-Gómez
- 1Department of Systems Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcala University, Alcalá de Henares, Ctra A-2 Km 32., 28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Rodríguez-Henche
- 1Department of Systems Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcala University, Alcalá de Henares, Ctra A-2 Km 32., 28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Díaz-Laviada
- 1Department of Systems Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcala University, Alcalá de Henares, Ctra A-2 Km 32., 28871 Madrid, Spain.,2Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
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Atorvastatin and Caffeine in Combination Regulates Apoptosis, Migration, Invasion and Tumorspheres of Prostate Cancer Cells. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 26:209-216. [PMID: 29796873 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atorvastatin is the most prescribed cholesterol-lowering statin, while caffeine enhances chemo-sensitivity and induces apoptosis of tumor cells through its DNA repair-inhibiting effect. The present study investigated the effects and mechanisms of atorvastatin and caffeine in combination on human prostate cancer cells cultured in vitro. Cell growth were determined by the trypan blue exclusion assay. The cell apoptosis and colony formation were determined by morphological assessment. The ability of cell migration and invasion were performed using a scratch wound-healing and Transwell assay. Tumorspheres were formed in suspension under the condition of non-adherence and serum-free medium. Finally, the western blot assay was used to determine the levels of proteins. The combination synergistically suppressed proliferation and induced apoptotic death. Meanwhile, the migration, invasion, and the formation of tumorspheres were significantly inhibited by the combination. We found that atorvastatin and caffeine in combination downregulated phospho-Akt, phospho-Erk1/2, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Survivin protein levels. Results of the present study indicate treatment with the combination of caffeine and atorvastatin may be an effective strategy for inhibiting the growth of prostate cancer and should be evaluated clinically.
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