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Wang J, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Hu L, Liu J, Wang L, Wang T, Zhang H, Cong L, Wang Q. Pathogenesis of allergic diseases and implications for therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:138. [PMID: 36964157 PMCID: PMC10039055 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR), allergic asthma (AAS), atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy (FA), and eczema are systemic diseases caused by an impaired immune system. Accompanied by high recurrence rates, the steadily rising incidence rates of these diseases are attracting increasing attention. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases is complex and involves many factors, including maternal-fetal environment, living environment, genetics, epigenetics, and the body's immune status. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases exhibits a marked heterogeneity, with phenotype and endotype defining visible features and associated molecular mechanisms, respectively. With the rapid development of immunology, molecular biology, and biotechnology, many new biological drugs have been designed for the treatment of allergic diseases, including anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE), anti-interleukin (IL)-5, and anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)/IL-4, to control symptoms. For doctors and scientists, it is becoming more and more important to understand the influencing factors, pathogenesis, and treatment progress of allergic diseases. This review aimed to assess the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions of allergic diseases, including AR, AAS, AD, and FA. We hope to help doctors and scientists understand allergic diseases systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Zhou
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Linhan Hu
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Juntong Liu
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 1000210, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Linpeng Cong
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China.
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Zhao L, Han H, Li Y, Pang Q. Effects of MITF on marker protein expression of multivesicular bodies and miRNA omics of extracellular vesicles of mice melanocyte cell line. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152011. [PMID: 36736273 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membrane-bound complexes of cell-derived and nanosized structures originating from the endosomal system and subsequently released from the plasma membrane. EVs contribute significantly to intercellular communication and are involved in pigmentation processes that rely on tight communication between keratinocytes and melanocytes in the epidermis. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) induces melanogenesis and modulates the expression factors involved in melanosome biogenesis, maturation and dispersal in melanocytes. Here, we evaluated the effects of MITF on the fate of multivesicular bodies and the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles of melanocytes. It was found that MITF increased the expression of subunits of the endosomal sorting complex, required for transport (ESCRT), including VPS37, VPS36B, and tetraspanin CD81, which are key mediators of multivesicular body biogenesis. Over 110 miRNAs, including miR-211-5p, miR-335-5p, let-7g-5p and miR-28a-3p, were differentially expressed in melanocyte-derived EVs after overexpression of MITF in melanocytes. These miRNAs have been reported to be key regulators of plasma protein binding, changes in the cell membrane system and transferase activity. These results suggest that while enhancing melanogenesis, melanocytes may mediate intercellular communication with surrounding cells by serving as EV delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biotherapy, Henan Hualong Biotechnology Company LTD, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China.
| | - Hongyu Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Yang Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biotherapy, Henan Hualong Biotechnology Company LTD, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China.
| | - Quanhai Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, China.
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Geng R, Kang SG, Huang K, Tong T. α-Ionone protects against UVB-induced photoaging in epidermal keratinocytes. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2023; 15:132-138. [PMID: 36875429 PMCID: PMC9975636 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate whether α-ionone, an aromatic compound mainly found in raspberries, carrots, roasted almonds, fruits, and herbs, inhibits UVB-mediated photoaging and barrier dysfunction in a human epidermal keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells). Methods The anti-photoaging effect of α-ionone was evaluated by detecting the expression of barrier-related genes and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in HaCaT cells. The levels of reactive oxygen species, oxidation product, antioxidant enzyme, and inflammatory factors were further analysed to underline the protective effect of α-ionone on epidermal photoaging. Results It was found that α-ionone attenuated UVB-induced barrier dysfunction by reversing keratin 1 and filaggrin in HaCaT cells. α-Ionone also reduced the protein amount of MMP-1 and mRNA expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells, implying protective effects on extracellular matrix. Furthermore, HaCaT cells exposed to α-ionone showed significant decreases in interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α as compared to UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. α-Ionone treatment significantly inhibited the UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species increase and malondialdehyde accumulation. Therefore, the beneficial effects of α-ionone on inhibiting MMPs secretion and barrier damage may be related to attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusion Our results highlight the protective effects of α-ionone on epidermal photoaging and promote its clinic application as a potential natural anti-photodamage agent in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Seong-Gook Kang
- Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, 61 Dorimri, Chungkyemyon, Muangun, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100083, China
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Ma X, Ru Y, Luo Y, Kuai L, Chen QL, Bai Y, Liu YQ, Chen J, Luo Y, Song JK, Zhou M, Li B. Post-Translational Modifications in Atopic Dermatitis: Current Research and Clinical Relevance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942838. [PMID: 35874824 PMCID: PMC9301047 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing cutaneous disorder characterized by compromised immune system, excessive inflammation, and skin barrier disruption. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are covalent and enzymatic modifications of proteins after their translation, which have been reported to play roles in inflammatory and allergic diseases. However, less attention has been paid to the effect of PTMs on AD. This review summarized the knowledge of six major classes (including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, glycosylation, o-glycosylation, and glycation) of PTMs in AD pathogenesis and discussed the opportunities for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Long Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Qiang Liu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Kun Song
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mi Zhou, ; Bin Li,
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mi Zhou, ; Bin Li,
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Gu Y, Wang X, Liu F, Zhang J, Zhang X, Liu J, Li S, Wang D, Guan H, Hou D. Total flavonoids of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) improve MC903-induced atopic dermatitis-like lesions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115195. [PMID: 35306042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is popularly used as a herbal medicine and food additive in the world. Total flavonoids of Hippophae rhamnoides (TFH) are reported to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. AIM The effects of TFH on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like lesions induced by MC903 in mice was elucidated in the study. METHODS To induce AD-like lesions, MC903 was adopted to apply repeatedly on the left ear in C57BL/6 mice. After induction of AD-like lesions, 0.5% and 1% TFH cream was applied topically on ears of mice once a day for 8 days. The degree of skin lesions was evaluated by macroscopical and histological methods. Expressions of filaggrin (FLG) was evaluated by Western blotting. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was adopted to detect the mRNA expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in skin lesions. In vitro, Cytokine Antibody Arrays were performed to measure production of cytokines in IFN-γ/TNF-α-treated HaCaT cells, Western blotting was employed to detect the expressions of p-NF-κB, p-ERK and p-P38. RESULTS Topical application of TFH significantly improved the severity of dermatitis by inhibiting the infiltration of mast cell, increasing expression of FLG, decreasing the expressions of TNF-α, IL-4, IFN-γ and TSLP in skin lesions. TFH decreased the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, MCP-3, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC) in the supernatants of the HaCaT cells treated by IFN-γ/TNF-α. Furthermore, expressions of p-NF-κB, p-ERK and p-P38 were also decreased by TFH administration with dose dependent manner in HaCaT cells treated by IFN-γ/TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS Topical application of TFH improved AD-like lesions in mice induced by MC903. Which exerted the effects of anti-inflammation and repairing skin barrier by regulating Th1/Th2 balance. This finding indicates that TFH is a novel potential agent for the external treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Gu
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, PR China.
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014060, PR China; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, PR China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, PR China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, PR China.
| | - Xiufang Zhang
- Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361100, PR China.
| | - Jiping Liu
- Neurosurgery Department, Northern Hospital of Sinopharm, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014030, PR China.
| | - Sijia Li
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, PR China.
| | - Decheng Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical Institute, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110847, PR China.
| | - Hongquan Guan
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, PR China.
| | - Diandong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, PR China; Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, PR China.
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Karagianni F, Pavlidis A, Malakou LS, Piperi C, Papadavid E. Predominant Role of mTOR Signaling in Skin Diseases with Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031693. [PMID: 35163615 PMCID: PMC8835793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, and motility in response to availability of energy and nutrients as well as mitogens. The mTOR signaling axis regulates important biological processes, including cellular growth, metabolism, and survival in many tissues. In the skin, dysregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway may lead to severe pathological conditions characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and inflammation, including skin hyperproliferative as well as malignant diseases. Herein, we provide an update on the current knowledge regarding the pathogenic implication of the mTOR pathway in skin diseases with inflammatory features (such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, pemphigus, and acne) and malignant characteristics (such as cutaneous T cell lymphoma and melanoma) while we critically discuss current and future perspectives for therapeutic targeting of mTOR axis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani Karagianni
- National Center of Rare Diseases—Cutaneous Lymphoma, Second Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (F.K.); (A.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Antreas Pavlidis
- National Center of Rare Diseases—Cutaneous Lymphoma, Second Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (F.K.); (A.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Lina S. Malakou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| | - Evangelia Papadavid
- National Center of Rare Diseases—Cutaneous Lymphoma, Second Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (F.K.); (A.P.); (E.P.)
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Yan C, Ying J, Lu W, Changzhi Y, Qihong Q, Jingzhu M, Dongjie S, Tingting Z. MiR-1294 suppresses ROS-dependent inflammatory response in atopic dermatitis via restraining STAT3/NF-κB pathway. Cell Immunol 2021; 371:104452. [PMID: 34784561 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder that affects children and adults. Despite the pathology of AD involves in immune dysfunction and epidermal barrier function destruction has been found, the mechanism of immune activation and barrier damage remain largely unknown. In the present study, The TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaTs, organotypic AD-like 3D skin equivalents and AD-like mouse model were constructed. The mRNA, histological morphology, protein levels, cytokines were detected by real-time quantitative polymerasechain reaction (RT-qPCR), hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining, Immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunoblotting, immunofluorescence (IF) staining, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis were respectively calculated using a Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry. A dual-luciferase reporter gene system was used to investigate the relationship between miR-1294 and STAT3. Compared with the control group, the expression of miR-1294 decreased in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaTs (P < 0.001), AD-like skin model, and AD-like mouse model (P < 0.001). Moreover, STAT3 was documented as a direct target of miR-1294. Inflammation (P < 0.05) and epidermal barrier function destruction (P < 0.05) in AD was suppressed by overexpression of miR-1294 but enhanced by STAT3 upregulation and its downstream NF-κB pathway. We also found miR-1294 upregulation inhibited inflammation and epidermal barrier function destruction via targeting STAT3 to suppress NF-κB pathway activation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yan
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jiang Ying
- Department of Dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Soochow University, No.188, Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Soochow University, No.188, Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yang Changzhi
- Department of Dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Soochow University, No.188, Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Qian Qihong
- Department of Dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Soochow University, No.188, Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Mao Jingzhu
- Department of Dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Soochow University, No.188, Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Sun Dongjie
- Department of Dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Kunming Medical University, No.295 Xichang Rd, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Zhu Tingting
- Department of Dermatology, The first affiliated hospital of Soochow University, No.188, Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
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Mercurio L, Albanesi C, Madonna S. Recent Updates on the Involvement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Molecular Cascade in the Pathogenesis of Hyperproliferative Skin Disorders. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:665647. [PMID: 33996865 PMCID: PMC8119789 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.665647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PhosphoInositide-3 Kinase (PI3K) represents a family of different classes of kinases which control multiple biological processes in mammalian cells, such as cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Class IA PI3Ks, the main regulators of proliferative signals, consists of a catalytic subunit (α, β, δ) that binds p85 regulatory subunit and mediates activation of AKT and mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathways and regulation of downstream effectors. Dysregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in skin contributes to several pathological conditions characterized by uncontrolled proliferation, including skin cancers, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis (AD). Among cutaneous cancers, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) display PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling hyperactivation, implicated in hyperproliferation, and tumorigenesis, as well as in resistance to apoptosis. Upregulation of mTOR signaling proteins has also been reported in psoriasis, in association with enhanced proliferation, defective keratinocyte differentiation, senescence-like growth arrest, and resistance to apoptosis, accounting for major parts of the overall disease phenotypes. On the contrary, PI3K/AKT/mTOR role in AD is less characterized, even though recent evidence demonstrates the relevant function for mTOR pathway in the regulation of epidermal barrier formation and stratification. In this review, we provide the most recent updates on the role and function of PI3K/AKT/mTOR molecular axis in the pathogenesis of different hyperproliferative skin disorders, and highlights on the current status of preclinical and clinical studies on PI3K-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mercurio
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Domingo S, Solé C, Moliné T, Ferrer B, Cortés-Hernández J. MicroRNAs in Several Cutaneous Autoimmune Diseases: Psoriasis, Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus and Atopic Dermatitis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122656. [PMID: 33321931 PMCID: PMC7763020 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate the gene expression at a post-transcriptional level and participate in maintaining the correct cell homeostasis and functioning. Different specific profiles have been identified in lesional skin from autoimmune cutaneous diseases, and their deregulation cause aberrant control of biological pathways, contributing to pathogenic conditions. Detailed knowledge of microRNA-affected pathways is of crucial importance for understating their role in skin autoimmune diseases. They may be promising therapeutic targets with novel clinical implications. They are not only present in skin tissue, but they have also been found in other biological fluids, such as serum, plasma and urine from patients, and therefore, they are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis and response to treatment. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of described miRNAs in several cutaneous autoimmune diseases: psoriasis (Ps, 33 miRNAs), cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE, 2 miRNAs) and atopic dermatitis (AD, 8 miRNAs). We highlight their role as crucial elements implicated in disease pathogenesis and their applicability as biomarkers and as a novel therapeutic approach in the management of skin inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Domingo
- Rheumatology Research Group, Lupus Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (S.D.); (J.C.-H.)
| | - Cristina Solé
- Rheumatology Research Group, Lupus Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (S.D.); (J.C.-H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9-3489-4045
| | - Teresa Moliné
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (T.M.); (B.F.)
| | - Berta Ferrer
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (T.M.); (B.F.)
| | - Josefina Cortés-Hernández
- Rheumatology Research Group, Lupus Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (S.D.); (J.C.-H.)
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