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Wu S, Chen Y, Chen Z, Wei F, Zhou Q, Li P, Gu Q. Reactive oxygen species and gastric carcinogenesis: The complex interaction between Helicobacter pylori and host. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e13024. [PMID: 37798959 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a highly successful human pathogen that colonizes stomach in around 50% of the global population. The colonization of bacterium induces an inflammatory response and a substantial rise in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), mostly derived from host neutrophils and gastric epithelial cells, which play a crucial role in combating bacterial infections. However, H. pylori has developed various strategies to quench the deleterious effects of ROS, including the production of antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant proteins as well as blocking the generation of oxidants. The host's inability to eliminate H. pylori infection results in persistent ROS production. Notably, excessive ROS can disrupt the intracellular signal transduction and biological processes of the host, incurring chronic inflammation and cellular damage, such as DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation. Markedly, the sustained inflammatory response and oxidative stress during H. pylori infection are major risk factor for gastric carcinogenesis. In this context, we summarize the literature on H. pylori infection-induced ROS production, the strategies used by H. pylori to counteract the host response, and subsequent host damage and gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Wu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangtong Wei
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Biagioni A, Peri S, Versienti G, Fiorillo C, Becatti M, Magnelli L, Papucci L. Gastric Cancer Vascularization and the Contribution of Reactive Oxygen Species. Biomolecules 2023; 13:886. [PMID: 37371466 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are the most important way for cancer cells to survive and diffuse in the body, metastasizing distant organs. During the process of tumor expansion, the neoplastic mass progressively induces modifications in the microenvironment due to its uncontrolled growth, generating a hypoxic and low pH milieu with high fluid pressure and low nutrients concentration. In such a particular condition, reactive oxygen species play a fundamental role, enhancing tumor proliferation and migration, inducing a glycolytic phenotype and promoting angiogenesis. Indeed, to reach new sources of oxygen and metabolites, highly aggressive cancer cells might produce a new abnormal network of vessels independently from endothelial cells, a process called vasculogenic mimicry. Even though many molecular markers and mechanisms, especially in gastric cancer, are still unclear, the formation of such intricate, leaky and abnormal vessel networks is closely associated with patients' poor prognosis, and therefore finding new pharmaceutical solutions to be applied along with canonical chemotherapies in order to control and normalize the formation of such networks is urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Biagioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Peri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Versienti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Fiorillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Magnelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Papucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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3
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Mei Y, Zou R, Niu L, Dong S. Reactive Oxygen Species Enlightened Therapeutic Strategy for Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases-Art of Destruction and Reconstruction. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112905. [PMID: 36428473 PMCID: PMC9687321 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of cell metabolism produced by living cells and signal mediators in biological processes. As unstable and highly reactive oxygen-derived molecules, excessive ROS production and defective oxidant clearance, or both, are associated with the pathogenesis of several conditions. Among them, ROS are widely involved in oral and maxillofacial diseases, such as periodontitis, as well as other infectious diseases or chronic inflammation, temporomandibular joint disorders, oral mucosal lesions, trigeminal neuralgia, muscle fatigue, and oral cancer. The purpose of this paper is to outline how ROS contribute to the pathophysiology of oral and maxillofacial regions, with an emphasis on oral infectious diseases represented by periodontitis and mucosal diseases represented by oral ulcers and how to effectively utilize and eliminate ROS in these pathological processes, as well as to review recent research on the potential targets and interventions of cutting-edge antioxidant materials. The PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched using the MesH terms "oral and maxillofacial diseases", "reactive oxygen species", and "antioxidant materials". Irrelevant, obsolete, imprecise, and repetitive articles were excluded through screening of titles, abstracts, and eventually full content. The full-text data of the selected articles are, therefore, summarized using selection criteria. While there are various emerging biomaterials used as drugs themselves or delivery systems, more attention was paid to antioxidant drugs with broad application prospects and rigorous prophase animal experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Yukun Mei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Rui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Lin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Correspondence: (L.N.); (S.D.)
| | - Shaojie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Correspondence: (L.N.); (S.D.)
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4
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Mazumder S, Bindu S, De R, Debsharma S, Pramanik S, Bandyopadhyay U. Emerging role of mitochondrial DAMPs, aberrant mitochondrial dynamics and anomalous mitophagy in gut mucosal pathogenesis. Life Sci 2022; 305:120753. [PMID: 35787999 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastroduodenal inflammation and ulcerative injuries are increasing due to expanding socio-economic stress, unhealthy food habits-lifestyle, smoking, alcoholism and usage of medicines like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In fact, gastrointestinal (GI) complications, associated with the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic, further, poses a challenge to global healthcare towards safeguarding the GI tract. Emerging evidences have discretely identified mitochondrial dysfunctions as common etiological denominators in diseases. However, it is worth realizing that mitochondrial dysfunctions are not just consequences of diseases. Rather, damaged mitochondria severely aggravate the pathogenesis thereby qualifying as perpetrable factors worth of prophylactic and therapeutic targeting. Oxidative and nitrosative stress due to endogenous and exogenous stimuli triggers mitochondrial injury causing production of mitochondrial damage associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs), which, in a feed-forward loop, inflicts inflammatory tissue damage. Mitochondrial structural dynamics and mitophagy are crucial quality control parameters determining the extent of mitopathology and disease outcomes. Interestingly, apart from endogenous factors, mitochondria also crosstalk and in turn get detrimentally affected by gut pathobionts colonized during luminal dysbiosis. Although mitopathology is documented in various pre-clinical/clinical studies, a comprehensive account appreciating the mitochondrial basis of GI mucosal pathologies is largely lacking. Here we critically discuss the molecular events impinging on mitochondria along with the interplay of mitochondria-derived factors in fueling mucosal pathogenesis. We specifically emphasize on the potential role of aberrant mitochondrial dynamics, anomalous mitophagy, mitochondrial lipoxidation and ferroptosis as emerging regulators of GI mucosal pathogenesis. We finally discuss about the prospect of mitochondrial targeting for next-generation drug discovery against GI disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Mazumder
- Department of Zoology, Raja Peary Mohan College, 1 Acharya Dhruba Pal Road, Uttarpara, West Bengal 712258, India
| | - Samik Bindu
- Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736101, India
| | - Rudranil De
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India
| | - Subhashis Debsharma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Saikat Pramanik
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India; Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700091, India.
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5
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Lee Y, Lee SM, Choi J, Kang S, So S, Kim D, Ahn JY, Jung HY, Jeong JY, Kang E. Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroup Related to the Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092482. [PMID: 34572132 PMCID: PMC8469812 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that are not only responsible for energy production but are also involved in cell metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis. Targeting mitochondria is a key strategy for bacteria to subvert host cells' physiology and promote infection. Helicobacter (H.) pylori targets mitochondria directly. However, mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) polymorphism (haplogroup) is not yet considered an important factor for H. pylori infection. Here, we clarified the association of mitochondrial haplogroups with H. pylori prevalence and the ability to perform damage. Seven mtDNA haplogroups were identified among 28 H. pylori-positive subjects. Haplogroup B was present at a higher frequency and haplotype D at a lower one in the H. pylori population than in that of the H. pylori-negative one. The fibroblasts carrying high-frequency haplogroup displayed a higher apoptotic rate and diminished mitochondrial respiration following H. pylori infection. mtDNA mutations were accumulated more in the H. pylori-positive population than in that of the H. pylori-negative one in old age. Among the mutations, 57% were located in RNA genes or nonsynonymous protein-coding regions in the H. pylori-positive population, while 35% were in the H. pylori-negative one. We concluded that gastric disease caused by Helicobacter virulence could be associated with haplogroups and mtDNA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonmi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and Center for Embryo and Stem Cell Research, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Korea; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Sun-Mi Lee
- Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Jiwan Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and Center for Embryo and Stem Cell Research, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Korea; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Seoon Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and Center for Embryo and Stem Cell Research, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Korea; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Seongjun So
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and Center for Embryo and Stem Cell Research, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Korea; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.K.); (S.S.)
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Deokhoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Ji-Yong Ahn
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Hwoon-Yong Jung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.J.); (J.-Y.J.); (E.K.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-3197 (H.-Y.J.); +82-2-3010-4105 (J.-Y.J.); +82-31-881-7846 (E.K.)
| | - Jin-Yong Jeong
- Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul 05505, Korea;
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.J.); (J.-Y.J.); (E.K.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-3197 (H.-Y.J.); +82-2-3010-4105 (J.-Y.J.); +82-31-881-7846 (E.K.)
| | - Eunju Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and Center for Embryo and Stem Cell Research, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Korea; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.K.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.-Y.J.); (J.-Y.J.); (E.K.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-3197 (H.-Y.J.); +82-2-3010-4105 (J.-Y.J.); +82-31-881-7846 (E.K.)
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6
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Lin TY, Lan WH, Chiu YF, Feng CL, Chiu CH, Kuo CJ, Lai CH. Statins' Regulation of the Virulence Factors of Helicobacter pylori and the Production of ROS May Inhibit the Development of Gastric Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1293. [PMID: 34439541 PMCID: PMC8389206 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, statins are used to treat high cholesterol levels. They exhibit pleiotropic effects, such as the prevention of cardiovascular disease and decreased cancer mortality. Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers, ranking as the third leading global cause of cancer-related deaths, and is mainly attributed to chronic Helicobacter pylori infection. During their co-evolution with hosts, H. pylori has developed the ability to use the cellular components of the host to evade the immune system and multiply in intracellular niches. Certain H. pylori virulence factors, including cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), and cholesterol-α-glucosyltransferase (CGT), have been shown to exploit host cholesterol during pathogenesis. Therefore, using statins to antagonize cholesterol synthesis might prove to be an ideal strategy for reducing the occurrence of H. pylori-related GC. This review discusses the current understanding of the interplay of H. pylori virulence factors with cholesterol and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which may prove to be novel therapeutic targets for the development of effective treatment strategies against H. pylori-associated GC. We also summarize the findings of several clinical studies on the association between statin therapy and the development of GC, especially in terms of cancer risk and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (W.-H.L.); (Y.-F.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Research Center for Emerging Viral, Infections Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsi Lan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (W.-H.L.); (Y.-F.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Research Center for Emerging Viral, Infections Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Chiu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (W.-H.L.); (Y.-F.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Research Center for Emerging Viral, Infections Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lung Feng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu 30272, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Research, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (W.-H.L.); (Y.-F.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Research Center for Emerging Viral, Infections Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Microbiota Therapy Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Kuo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (W.-H.L.); (Y.-F.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Chang Gung Microbiota Therapy Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Research Center for Emerging Viral, Infections Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Research, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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7
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Cuomo P, Papaianni M, Sansone C, Iannelli A, Iannelli D, Medaglia C, Paris D, Motta A, Capparelli R. An In Vitro Model to Investigate the Role of Helicobacter pylori in Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Alzheimer's Disease and Cardiometabolic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218369. [PMID: 33171588 PMCID: PMC7664682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a Gram-negative bacterium colonizing the human stomach. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis of intracellular human gastric carcinoma cells (MKN-28) incubated with the Hp cell filtrate (Hpcf) displays high levels of amino acids, including the branched chain amino acids (BCAA) isoleucine, leucine, and valine. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Array Technology shows upregulation of mammalian Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1), inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The review of literature indicates that these traits are common to type 2 diabetes, obesity, Alzheimer’s diseases, and cardiometabolic disease. Here, we demonstrate how Hp may modulate these traits. Hp induces high levels of amino acids, which, in turn, activate mTORC1, which is the complex regulating the metabolism of the host. A high level of BCAA and upregulation of mTORC1 are, thus, directly regulated by Hp. Furthermore, Hp modulates inflammation, which is functional to the persistence of chronic infection and the asymptomatic state of the host. Finally, in order to induce autophagy and sustain bacterial colonization of gastric mucosa, the Hp toxin VacA localizes within mitochondria, causing fragmentation of these organelles, depletion of ATP, and oxidative stress. In conclusion, our in vitro disease model replicates the main traits common to the above four diseases and shows how Hp may potentially manipulate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cuomo
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Università, 100-Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Marina Papaianni
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Università, 100-Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Clementina Sansone
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonio Iannelli
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Université Côte d’Azur, Campus Valrose, Batiment L, Avenue de Valrose, 28-CEDEX 2, 06108 Nice, France;
- Inserm, U1065, Team 8 “Hepatic Complications of Obesity and Alcohol”, Route Saint Antoine de Ginestière 151, BP 2 3194, CEDEX 3, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Domenico Iannelli
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Università, 100-Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (R.C.)
| | - Chiara Medaglia
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, rue du Général-Dufour, 1211 Genève, Switzerland;
| | - Debora Paris
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, via Campi Flegrei, 34-Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy; (D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, via Campi Flegrei, 34-Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy; (D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Rosanna Capparelli
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Università, 100-Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (R.C.)
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8
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Sokolova O, Naumann M. Crosstalk Between DNA Damage and Inflammation in the Multiple Steps of Gastric Carcinogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:107-137. [PMID: 31123887 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, intensive investigations in molecular biology and cell physiology extended tremendously the knowledge about the association of inflammation and cancer. In frame of this paradigm, the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori triggers gastritis and gastric ulcer disease, and contributes to the development of gastric cancer. Mechanisms, by which the bacteria-induced inflammation in gastric mucosa leads to intestinal metaplasia and carcinoma, are represented in this review. An altered cell-signaling response and increased production of free radicals by epithelial and immune cells account for the accumulation of DNA damage in gastric mucosa, if infection stays untreated. Host genetics and environmental factors, especially diet, can accelerate the process, which offers the opportunity of intervention based on a balanced nutrition. It is supposed that inflammation might influence stem- or progenitor cells in gastric tissue predisposing for metaplasia or tumor relapse. Herein, DNA is strongly mutated and labile, which restricts therapy options. Thus, the understanding of the mechanisms that underlie gastric carcinogenesis will be of preeminent importance for the development of strategies for screening and early detection. As most gastric cancer patients face late-stage disease with a poor overall survival, the development of multi-targeted therapeutic intervention strategies is a major challenge for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sokolova
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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9
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Bravo J, Díaz P, Corvalán AH, Quest AFG. A Novel Role for Helicobacter pylori Gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase in Regulating Autophagy and Bacterial Internalization in Human Gastric Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060801. [PMID: 31185677 PMCID: PMC6627848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of developing gastric cancer is strongly linked to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Alternatively, autophagy is a conserved response that is important in cellular homeostasis and provides protection against bacterial infections. Although H. pylori is typically considered an extracellular bacterium, several reports indicate that it internalizes, possibly to avoid exposure to antibiotics. Mechanisms by which H. pylori manipulates host cell autophagic processes remain unclear and, importantly, none of the available studies consider a role for the secreted H. pylori virulence factor gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (HpGGT) in this context. Here, we identify HpGGT as a novel autophagy inhibitor in gastric cells. Our experiments revealed that deletion of HpGGT increased autophagic flux following H. pylori infection of AGS and GES-1 gastric cells. In AGS cells, HpGGT disrupted the late stages of autophagy by preventing degradation in lysosomes without affecting lysosomal acidification. Specifically, HpGGT impaired autophagic flux by disrupting lysosomal membrane integrity, which leads to a decrease in lysosomal cathepsin B activity. Moreover, HpGGT was necessary for efficient internalization of the bacteria into gastric cells. This important role of HpGGT in internalization together with the ability to inhibit autophagy posits HpGGT as a key virulence factor in the development of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Bravo
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for the Study of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380492, Chile.
| | - Paula Díaz
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for the Study of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380492, Chile.
| | - Alejandro H Corvalán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380492, Chile.
- Laboratory of Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330034, Chile.
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for the Study of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380492, Chile.
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Characterization of clarithromycin heteroresistance among Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from the antrum and corpus of the stomach. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 64:143-151. [PMID: 30097895 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mixed infections and heteroresistance of Helicobacter pylori contribute to decreased efficacy of treatments. This study aimed to investigate frequency of clarithromycin heteroresistance and its link with mixed infections, medication history, and disease severity. A total of 40 pairs of H. pylori strains were isolated from the antrum and corpus of 97 patients. Susceptibility of the strains to clarithromycin was measured by agar dilution method. Site-specific mutations of 23S rRNA at A2143G, A2142G, and A2142C positions were analyzed by PCR and genomic relatedness of pairs of the strains was determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR. The results showed a prevalence of 35% (14/40) clarithromycin resistance. Diversity of the antrum and corpus isolates in resistance to clarithromycin was detected among 17.5% (7/40) of the patients. Similarly, diversity in MIC value was also detected in two patients infected with the sensitive strains. Significant difference in frequency of resistance was detected among patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (MIC90 32 μg/mL) and severe gastritis (MIC90 16 μg/mL), compared with those who suffered from non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) (MIC90 8 μg/mL) and chronic gastritis (MIC90 0.25 μg/mL). MIC values showed 8-32 folds increased levels in the corpus. A2142G, A2143G, and A2142C mutations were detected in three, two, and two patients, respectively, but not observed in 46% of the resistant strains. RAPD-PCR fingerprints showed identical molecular patterns for the isolates of the corpus and antrum in each patient. In conclusion, microevolution of H. pylori strains during chronic infection, rather than mixed infection, and inappropriate medication appear to be main reasons of treatment failure in adults.
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Oxidative Phosphorylation System in Gastric Carcinomas and Gastritis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1320241. [PMID: 28744336 PMCID: PMC5506471 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1320241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Switching of cellular energy production from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by mitochondria to aerobic glycolysis occurs in many types of tumors. However, the significance of this switching for the development of gastric carcinoma and what connection it may have to Helicobacter pylori infection of the gut, a primary cause of gastric cancer, are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the expression of OXPHOS complexes in two types of human gastric carcinomas ("intestinal" and "diffuse"), bacterial gastritis with and without metaplasia, and chemically induced gastritis by using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of HP infection on several key mitochondrial proteins. Complex I expression was significantly reduced in intestinal type (but not diffuse) gastric carcinomas compared to adjacent control tissue, and the reduction was independent of HP infection. Significantly, higher complex I and complex II expression was present in large tumors. Furthermore, higher complex II and complex III protein levels were also obvious in grade 3 versus grade 2. No differences of OXPHOS complexes and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis were found between bacterially caused and chemically induced gastritis. Thus, intestinal gastric carcinomas, but not precancerous stages, are frequently characterized by loss of complex I, and this pathophysiology occurs independently of HP infection.
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Luo B, Wang M, Hou N, Hu X, Jia G, Qin X, Zuo X, Liu Y, Luo K, Song W, Wang K, Pang M. ATP-Dependent Lon Protease Contributes to Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Carcinogenesis. Neoplasia 2017; 18:242-52. [PMID: 27108387 PMCID: PMC4840290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the strongest risk factor for development of gastric cancer. Host cellular stress responses, including inflammatory and immune responses, have been reported highly linked to H. pylori-induced carcinogenesis. However, whether mitochondrial regulation and metabolic reprogramming, which are potently associated with various cancers, play a role in H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis is largely unknown. Here we revealed that Lon protease (Lonp1), which is a key inductive of mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)) and is required to maintain the mitochondrial quality, was greatly induced in H. pylori infected gastric epithelial cells. Importantly, we uncovered that knockdown of Lonp1 expression significantly diminished the metabolic switch to glycolysis and gastric cell proliferation associated with low multiplicity of H. pylori infection. In addition, Lonp1 overexpression in gastric epithelial cells also promoted glycolytic switch and cell overgrowth, suggesting H. pylori effect is Lonp1 dependent. We further demonstrated that H. pylori induced Lonp1 expression and cell overgrowth, at least partially, via HIF-1α regulation. Collectively, our results concluded the relevance of Lonp1 for cell proliferation and identified Lonp1 as a key regulator of metabolic reprogramming in H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Minggang Wang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, People's Republic of China
| | - Nengyi Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiqing Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianpeng Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minghui Pang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China.
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Besednova NN, Zaporozhets TS, Somova LM, Kuznetsova TA. Review: prospects for the use of extracts and polysaccharides from marine algae to prevent and treat the diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2015; 20:89-97. [PMID: 25660579 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori possesses a broad spectrum of pathogenic factors that allow it to survive and colonize the gastric mucosa, and thus, the pathogenetic targets, which have the same diversity, require search for and the development of alternative, effective, and innocuous means for the eradication of H. pylori. In recent years, fucoidans have been extensively studied due to the numerous interesting biological activities, including the anti-adhesive, anti-oxidative, antitoxic, immunomodulatory, anticoagulant, and anti-infection effects. This review summarizes the data on the effects of extracts and sulfated polysaccharides of marine algae, mainly fucoidans, on pathogenic targets in Helicobacter infection. The pathogenetic targets for therapeutic agents after H. pylori infection, such as flagellas, urease, and other enzymes, including adhesins, cytotoxin A (VacA), phospholipase, and L-8, are characterized here. The main target for the sulfated polysaccharides of seaweed is cell receptors of the gastric mucosa. This review presents the published data about the pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects of polysaccharides on the gastric mucosa. It is known that fucoidan and other sulfated polysaccharides from algae have anti-ulcer effects, prevent the adhesion of H. pylori to, and reduce the formation of biofilm. The authors speculate that the effect of sulfated polysaccharides on the infectious process caused by H. pylori is related to their action on innate and adaptive immunity cells, and also anti-oxidant and antitoxic potential. Presented in the review are materials indicated for the study of extracts and sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed during H. pylori infection, as these compounds are characterized by multimodality actions. Based on the analysis of literary materials in recent years, the authors concluded that fucoidan can be attributed to the generation of new candidates to create drugs intended for the inclusion in the scheme of eradication therapy of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya N Besednova
- G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
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Lobet E, Letesson JJ, Arnould T. Mitochondria: a target for bacteria. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 94:173-85. [PMID: 25707982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells developed strategies to detect and eradicate infections. The innate immune system, which is the first line of defence against invading pathogens, relies on the recognition of molecular patterns conserved among pathogens. Pathogen associated molecular pattern binding to pattern recognition receptor triggers the activation of several signalling pathways leading to the establishment of a pro-inflammatory state required to control the infection. In addition, pathogens evolved to subvert those responses (with passive and active strategies) allowing their entry and persistence in the host cells and tissues. Indeed, several bacteria actively manipulate immune system or interfere with the cell fate for their own benefit. One can imagine that bacterial effectors can potentially manipulate every single organelle in the cell. However, the multiple functions fulfilled by mitochondria especially their involvement in the regulation of innate immune response, make mitochondria a target of choice for bacterial pathogens as they are not only a key component of the central metabolism through ATP production and synthesis of various biomolecules but they also take part to cell signalling through ROS production and control of calcium homeostasis as well as the control of cell survival/programmed cell death. Furthermore, considering that mitochondria derived from an ancestral bacterial endosymbiosis, it is not surprising that a special connection does exist between this organelle and bacteria. In this review, we will discuss different mitochondrial functions that are affected during bacterial infection as well as different strategies developed by bacterial pathogens to subvert functions related to calcium homeostasis, maintenance of redox status and mitochondrial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Lobet
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Science (NARILIS), University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Jacques Letesson
- Research Unit in Microorganisms Biology, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Thierry Arnould
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Science (NARILIS), University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
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Yi J, Shu X, Lv J, Zhang L, Huang MF, Lv NH. Role of ROS in DNA damage caused by Helicobacter pylori in gastric epithelial cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:5393-5399. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i35.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the relationship between the change of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in gastric epithelial cells.
METHODS: H. pylori ACTC43504 (CagA+, VacA+) infected GES-1 cells were used in this study. Live cell imaging system was used to observe the change of intracellular ROS, and a microplate reader was used to detect intracellular ROS level. Single cell gel electrophoresis comet assay was used to detect DNA damage.
RESULTS: ROS level was proportional to H. pylori concentration, and the ROS level was the highest when the MOI of H. pylori was 300:1. Various concentrations of N-acety-L-cysteine (NAC) could significantly inhibit the generation of ROS caused by H. pylori infection. H. pylori could cause DNA damage. After NAC pretreatment, the values of tail length, comet length, tail moment, and Olive tail moment had a clear downward trend compared with the H. pylori group.
CONCLUSION: H. pylori infection in GES-1 cells increases intracellular ROS level and results in DNA damage. Inhibition of the generation of ROS could reduce DNA damage.
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El-Garem Y, El-Sawy M, Mostafa T. Seminal Helicobacter pylori treatment improves sperm motility in infertile asthenozoospermic men. Urology 2014; 84:1347-50. [PMID: 25432826 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of treatment of seminal Helicobacter pylori in infertile asthenozoospermic men. METHODS In all, 223 infertile asthenozoospermic men were consecutively selected. They were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, semen analysis, and estimation of H pylori IgA antibodies in their seminal fluid. Infertile men with high seminal H pylori IgA were subjected to triple drug treatment, omeprazole, 20 mg; tinidazole, 500 mg; and clarithromycin, 250 mg twice a day for 2 weeks. Semen analysis as well as H pylori IgA antibodies was estimated after 3 months. RESULTS In all, 22 of 223 men (9.87%) demonstrated H pylori IgA antibodies in their seminal plasma. After treatment, mean seminal H pylori IgA levels demonstrated significant decrease (1.55 ± 0.4 vs 0.52 ± 0.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-1.21; P = .001) concomitant with improved progressive as well as nonprogressive sperm motility. H pylori IgA antibodies demonstrated significant negative correlation with progressive sperm motility, nonprogressive sperm motility, normal sperm morphology, and significant positive correlation with immotile sperm motility. CONCLUSION H pylori treatment significantly improves sperm motility in infertile asthenozoospermic men with elevated seminal H pylori IgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehia El-Garem
- Dermatology, Venereology & Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Taymour Mostafa
- Department of Andrology & Sexology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Strickertsson JAB, Desler C, Rasmussen LJ. Impact of bacterial infections on aging and cancer: impairment of DNA repair and mitochondrial function of host cells. Exp Gerontol 2014; 56:164-74. [PMID: 24704713 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The commensal floras that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract play critical roles in immune responses, energy metabolism, and even cancer prevention. Pathogenic and out of place commensal bacteria, can however have detrimental effects on the host, by introducing genomic instability and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are hallmarks of both aging and cancer. Helicobacter pylori and Enterococcus faecalis are bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract that have been demonstrated to affect these two hallmarks. These, and other bacteria, have been shown to decrease the transcription and translation of essential DNA repair subunits of major DNA repair pathways and increase production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Defects in DNA repair cause mutations and genomic instability and are found in several cancers as well as in progeroid syndromes. This review describes our contemporary view on how bacterial infections impact DNA repair and damage, and the consequence on the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. We argue that in the gastrointestinal tract, these mechanisms can contribute to tumorigenesis as well as cellular aging of the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper A B Strickertsson
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Desler
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Smiley R, Bailey J, Sethuraman M, Posecion N, Showkat Ali M. Comparative proteomics analysis of sarcosine insoluble outer membrane proteins from clarithromycin resistant and sensitive strains of Helicobacter pylori. J Microbiol 2013; 51:612-8. [PMID: 24173641 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-013-3029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes disease manifestations in humans including chronic gastric and peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Increasing rates of H. pylori clarithromycin resistance has led to higher rates of disease development. Because antibiotic resistance involves modifications of outer membrane proteins (OMP) in other Gram-negative bacteria, this study focuses on identification of H. pylori OMP's using comparative proteomic analyses of clarithromycin-susceptible and -resistant H. pylori strains. Comparative proteomics analyses of isolated sarcosine-insoluble OMP fractions from clarithromycin-susceptible and -resistant H. pylori strains were performed by 1) one dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein separation and 2) in-gel digestion of the isolated proteins and mass spectrometry analysis by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Iron-regulated membrane protein, UreaseB, EF-Tu, and putative OMP were down-regulated; HopT (BabB) transmembrane protein, HofC, and OMP31 were up-regulated in clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori. Western blotting and real time PCR, respectively, validated UreaseB subunit and EF-Tu changes at the protein level, and mRNA expression of HofC and HopT. This limited proteomic study provides evidence that alteration of the outer membrane proteins' profile may be a novel mechanism involved in clarithromycin resistance in H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Smiley
- Department of Clinical Investigation, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, 5005 Piedras Street, El Paso, TX, 79920-5001, USA
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Greenfield LK, Jones NL. Modulation of autophagy by Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastric carcinogenesis. Trends Microbiol 2013; 21:602-12. [PMID: 24156875 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection represents the strongest known risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. The vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) plays a key role in disease pathogenesis by exerting pleiotrophic effects on the host. One effect of acute VacA exposure is the induction of autophagy. However, prolonged exposure to the toxin disrupts autophagy by preventing maturation of the autolysosome. Novel insights into the mechanism and consequences of this phenomenon have emerged, but many aspects remain largely unknown. Current evidence supports a scenario in which H. pylori-suppressed autophagy facilitates intracellular survival and persistence of the pathogen, while also generating an environment favoring carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Greenfield
- Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
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Lamb A, Chen LF. Role of the Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammatory response in the development of gastric cancer. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:491-7. [PMID: 22961880 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes chronic gastritis and peptic ulceration and is the strongest risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. The pathogenesis of H. pylori is believed to be associated with infection-initiated chronic gastritis, which is characterized by enhanced expression of many inflammatory genes. H. pylori utilizes various virulence factors, targeting different cellular proteins, to modulate the host inflammatory response. In this review, we explore the many different ways by which H. pylori initiates inflammation, leveling many "hits" on the gastric mucosa which can lead to the development of cancer. We also discuss some recent findings in understanding the pathogen-host interactions and the role of transcription factor NF-κB in H. pylori-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acacia Lamb
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Protective mechanism of gallic acid and its novel derivative against ethanol-induced gastric ulcerogenesis: Involvement of immunomodulation markers, Hsp70 and Bcl-2-associated X protein. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:296-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection leads to long-lasting chronic inflammation and represents the most common risk factor underlying gastric cancer. Recently, new insights into the mechanisms through which H. pylori and mucosal inflammation lead to cancer development have emerged. H. pylori virulence factors, in particular specific CagA genotypes, represent main factors in gastric cancer, inducing altered intracellular signaling in epithelial cells. The chronic nature of H. pylori infection appears to relate to the VacA virulence factor and Th17/Treg mechanisms. A role of H. pylori infection in epigenetic and microRNA deregulation has been shown. Mutation of the epithelial cell genome, a hallmark of cancer, was demonstrated to accumulate in H. pylori infected stomach partly due to inadequate DNA repair. Gastric stem cells were shown to be targets of oxidative injury in the Helicobacter-inflammatory milieu. Recent advances emphasizing the contribution of bacterial factors, inflammatory mediators, and the host epithelial response in gastric carcinogenesis are reviewed.
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Yilmaz S, Ünal F, Yüzbaşıoğlu D, Çelik M. DNA damage in human lymphocytes exposed to four food additives in vitro. Toxicol Ind Health 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712466132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In vitro genotoxic effects of antioxidant additives, such as citric acid (CA) and phosphoric acid (PA) and their combination, as well as antimicrobial additives, such as benzoic acid (BA) and calcium propionate (CP), on human lymphocytes were determined using alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis. There was a significant increase in the DNA damage in human lymphocytes after 1 h of in vitro exposure to CA, PA, BA and CP (200, 25–200, 50–500, 50–1000 μg/mL, respectively). The combination of CA and PA significantly increased the mean tail intensity at all the concentrations used (25–200 μg/mL) and significantly increased the mean tail length mainly after higher concentrations (100 and 200 μg/mL). Data in this study showed that the concentrations of food additives used induce DNA damage and PA was the most genotoxic and CA was less genotoxic additives among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Yilmaz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ünal
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yüzbaşıoğlu
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Çelik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
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Morishita K, Takeuchi H, Morimoto N, Shimamura T, Kadota Y, Tsuda M, Taniguchi T, Ukeda H, Yamamoto T, Sugiura T. Superoxide dismutase activity of Helicobacter pylori per se from 158 clinical isolates and the characteristics. Microbiol Immunol 2012; 56:262-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.00433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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