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Xu H, Xu D, Zheng Y, Wang H, Li A, Zheng X. Investigation of prognostic values of immune infiltration and LGMN expression in the microenvironment of osteosarcoma. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:275. [PMID: 38980440 PMCID: PMC11233489 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common primary malignant bone tumor, predominantly affects children and young adults and is characterized by high invasiveness and poor prognosis. Despite therapeutic advancements, the survival rate remains suboptimal, indicating an urgent need for novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of LGMN expression and immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment of OS. METHODS We performed an integrative bioinformatics analysis utilizing the GEO and TARGET-OS databases to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with LGMN in OS. We conducted Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to explore the biological pathways and functions. Additionally, we constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, and applied the CIBERSORT algorithm to quantify immune cell infiltration. The diagnostic and prognostic values of LGMN were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, we employed Consensus Clustering Analysis to explore the heterogeneity within OS samples based on LGMN expression. RESULTS The analysis revealed significant upregulation of LGMN in OS tissues. DEGs were enriched in immune response and antigen processing pathways, suggesting LGMN's role in immune modulation within the TME. The PPI and ceRNA network analyses provided insights into the regulatory mechanisms involving LGMN. Immune cell infiltration analysis indicated a correlation between high LGMN expression and increased abundance of M2 macrophages, implicating an immunosuppressive role. The diagnostic AUC for LGMN was 0.799, demonstrating its potential as a diagnostic biomarker. High LGMN expression correlated with reduced overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Importantly, Consensus Clustering Analysis identified two distinct subtypes of OS, highlighting the heterogeneity and potential for personalized medicine approaches. CONCLUSIONS Our study underscores the prognostic value of LGMN in osteosarcoma and its potential as a therapeutic target. The identification of LGMN-associated immune cell subsets and the discovery of distinct OS subtypes through Consensus Clustering Analysis provide new avenues for understanding the immunosuppressive TME of OS and may aid in the development of personalized treatment strategies. Further validation in larger cohorts is warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, No. 396, Tongfu Middle Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability, The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Orthopedics and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Xu
- Department of Orthopedic, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, No. 396, Tongfu Middle Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinfeng Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, No. 396, Tongfu Middle Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability, The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Orthopedics and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiguo Li
- Department of Orthopedic, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, No. 396, Tongfu Middle Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability, The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Orthopedics and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Essola JM, Zhang M, Yang H, Li F, Xia B, Mavoungou JF, Hussain A, Huang Y. Exosome regulation of immune response mechanism: Pros and cons in immunotherapy. Bioact Mater 2024; 32:124-146. [PMID: 37927901 PMCID: PMC10622742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its multiple features, including the ability to orchestrate remote communication between different tissues, the exosomes are the extracellular vesicles arousing the highest interest in the scientific community. Their size, established as an average of 30-150 nm, allows them to be easily uptaken by most cells. According to the type of cells-derived exosomes, they may carry specific biomolecular cargoes used to reprogram the cells they are interacting with. In certain circumstances, exosomes stimulate the immune response by facilitating or amplifying the release of foreign antigens-killing cells, inflammatory factors, or antibodies (immune activation). Meanwhile, in other cases, they are efficiently used by malignant elements such as cancer cells to mislead the immune recognition mechanism, carrying and transferring their cancerous cargoes to distant healthy cells, thus contributing to antigenic invasion (immune suppression). Exosome dichotomic patterns upon immune system regulation present broad advantages in immunotherapy. Its perfect comprehension, from its early biogenesis to its specific interaction with recipient cells, will promote a significant enhancement of immunotherapy employing molecular biology, nanomedicine, and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Milon Essola
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haiyin Yang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fangzhou Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Bozhang Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jacques François Mavoungou
- Université Internationale de Libreville, Libreville, 20411, Gabon
- Central and West African Virus Epidemiology, Libreville, 2263, Gabon
- Département de phytotechnologies, Institut National Supérieur d’Agronomie et de Biotechnologie, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville, 901, Gabon
- Institut de Recherches Agronomiques et Forestiers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et du développement Technologique, Libreville, 16182, Gabon
| | - Abid Hussain
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Rigerna Therapeutics Co. Ltd., China
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3
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Vahabi M, Comandatore A, Centra C, Blandino G, Morelli L, Giovannetti E. Thinking small to win big? A critical review on the potential application of extracellular vesicles for biomarker discovery and new therapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:50-67. [PMID: 37956937 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely deadly form of cancer, with limited progress in 5-year survival rates despite significant research efforts. The main challenges in treating PDAC include difficulties in early detection, and resistance to current therapeutic approaches due to aggressive molecular and microenvironment features. These challenges emphasize the importance of identifying clinically validated biomarkers for early detection and clinical management. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, have emerged as crucial mediators of intercellular communication by transporting molecular cargo. Recent research has unveiled their role in initiation, metastasis, and chemoresistance of PDAC. Consequently, utilizing EVs in liquid biopsies holds promise for the identification of biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and monitoring of drug efficacy. However, numerous limitations, including challenges in isolation and characterization of homogeneous EVs populations, as well as the absence of standardized protocols, can affect the reliability of studies involving EVs as biomarkers, underscoring the necessity for a prudent approach. EVs have also garnered considerable attention as a promising drug delivery system and novel therapy for tumors. The loading of biomolecules or chemical drugs into exosomes and their subsequent delivery to target cells can effectively impede tumor progression. Nevertheless, there are obstacles that must be overcome to ensure the accuracy and efficacy of therapies relying on EVs for the treatment of tumors. In this review, we examine both recent advancements and remaining obstacles, exploring the potential of utilizing EVs in biomarker discovery as well as for the development of drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrou Vahabi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annalisa Comandatore
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Centra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Laboratory, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy.
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Liu J, Zhou W, Luo X, Chen Y, Wong C, Liu Z, Bo Zheng J, Yu Mo H, Chen J, Li J, Zhong M, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Pu H, Wu Q, Jin Y, Wang Z, Xu R, Luo H. Long noncoding RNA Regulating ImMune Escape regulates mixed lineage leukaemia protein-1-H3K4me3-mediated immune escape in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1410. [PMID: 37712124 PMCID: PMC10502462 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predictive biomarkers for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) immunotherapy are lacking, and immunotherapy resistance remains to be addressed. The role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in ESCC immune escape and immunotherapy resistance remains to be elucidated. METHODS The tumour-associated macrophage-upregulated lncRNAs and the exosomal lncRNAs highly expressed in ESCC immunotherapy nonresponders were identified by lncRNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction assays. CRISPR-Cas9 was used to explore the functional roles of the lncRNA. RNA pull-down, MS2-tagged RNA affinity purification (MS2-TRAP) and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) were performed to identify lncRNA-associated proteins and related mechanisms. In vivo, the humanized PBMC (hu-PBMC) mouse model was established to assess the therapeutic responses of specific lncRNA inhibitors and their combination with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb). Single-cell sequencing, flow cytometry, and multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry were used to analyze immune cells infiltrating the tumour microenvironment. RESULTS We identified a lncRNA that is involved in tumour immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance. High LINC02096 (RIME) expression in plasma exosomes correlates with a reduced response to PD-1 mAb treatment and poor prognosis. Mechanistically, RIME binds to mixed lineage leukaemia protein-1 (MLL1) and prevents ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 2 (ASB2)-mediated MLL1 ubiquitination, improving the stability of MLL1. RIME-MLL1 increases H3K4me3 levels in the promoter regions of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1), constitutively increasing the expression of PD-L1/IDO-1 in tumour cells and inhibiting CD8+ T cells infiltration and activation. RIME depletion in huPBMC-NOG mice significantly represses tumour development and improves the effectiveness of PD-1 mAb treatment by activating T-cell-mediated antitumour immunity. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that the RIME-MLL1-H3K4me3 axis plays a critical role in tumour immunosuppression. Moreover, RIME appears to be a potential prognostic biomarker for immunotherapy and developing drugs that target RIME may be a new therapeutic strategy that overcomes immunotherapy resistance and benefits patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Wei‐Yi Zhou
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Jing Luo
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Yan‐Xing Chen
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Chau‐Wei Wong
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Ze‐Xian Liu
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Jia‐ Bo Zheng
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Hai‐ Yu Mo
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Jun‐Quan Chen
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Jia‐Jun Li
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Yu‐Hong Xu
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Qi‐Hua Zhang
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Heng‐Ying Pu
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Qi‐Nian Wu
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Zi‐Xian Wang
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Rui‐Hua Xu
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Hui‐Yan Luo
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouP. R. China
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Galindo-Vega A, Maldonado-Lagunas V, Mitre-Aguilar IB, Melendez-Zajgla J. Tumor Microenvironment Role in Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1560. [PMID: 37371030 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy with a majority of patients presenting with unresectable or metastatic disease, resulting in a poor 5-year survival rate. This, in turn, is due to a highly complex tumor microenvironment and the presence of cancer stem cells, both of which induce therapy resistance and tumor relapse. Therefore, understanding and targeting the tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells may be key strategies for designing effective PDAC therapies. In the present review, we summarized recent advances in the role of tumor microenvironment in pancreatic neoplastic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Galindo-Vega
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 04710, Mexico
| | | | - Irma B Mitre-Aguilar
- Biochemistry Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Jorge Melendez-Zajgla
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 04710, Mexico
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Xie Z, Zhou Z, Yang S, Zhang S, Shao B. Epigenetic regulation and therapeutic targets in the tumor microenvironment. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:17. [PMID: 37273004 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial to neoplastic processes, fostering proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Epigenetic regulations, primarily including DNA and RNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA, have been generally recognized as an essential feature of tumor malignancy, exceedingly contributing to the dysregulation of the core gene expression in neoplastic cells, bringing about the evasion of immunosurveillance by influencing the immune cells in TME. Recently, compelling evidence have highlighted that clinical therapeutic approaches based on epigenetic machinery modulate carcinogenesis through targeting TME components, including normalizing cells' phenotype, suppressing cells' neovascularization and repressing the immunosuppressive components in TME. Therefore, TME components have been nominated as a promising target for epigenetic drugs in clinical cancer management. This review focuses on the mechanisms of epigenetic modifications occurring to the pivotal TME components including the stroma, immune and myeloid cells in various tumors reported in the last five years, concludes the tight correlation between TME reprogramming and tumor progression and immunosuppression, summarizes the current advances in cancer clinical treatments and potential therapeutic targets with reference to epigenetic drugs. Finally, we summarize some of the restrictions in the field of cancer research at the moment, further discuss several interesting epigenetic gene targets with potential strategies to boost antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Zirui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Hsu SK, Chen YE, Shu ED, Ko CC, Chang WT, Lin IL, Li CY, Gallego RP, Chiu CC. The Pyroptotic and Nonpyroptotic Roles of Gasdermins in Modulating Cancer Progression and Their Perspectives on Cancer Therapeutics. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:14. [PMID: 37258998 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gasdermins (GSDMs) are a protein family encoded by six paralogous genes in humans, including GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, GSDMD, GSDME (also known as DFNA5), and DFNB59 (also known as pejvakin). Structurally, members of the GSDM family possess a C-terminus (an autoinhibitory domain) and a positively charged N-terminus (a pore-forming domain) linked with divergent peptide linkers. Recently, GSDMs have been identified as key executors of pyroptosis (an immunogenic programmed cell death) due to their pore-forming activities on the plasma membrane when proteolytically cleaved by caspases or serine proteases. Accumulating studies suggest that chemoresistance is attributed to dysregulation of apoptotic machinery and that inducing pyroptosis to bypass aberrant apoptosis can potently resensitize apoptosis-resistant cancer to chemotherapeutics. Pyroptosis is initiated by pore formation and culminates with plasma membrane rupture; these processes enable the release of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β and IL-18) and damage-associated molecular patterns, which further modulate antitumor immunity within the tumor microenvironment. Although pyroptosis is considered a promising strategy to boost antitumor effects, it is also reported to cause unwanted tissue damage (e.g., gut damage and nephrotoxicity). Intriguingly, mounting evidence has uncovered nonpyroptotic roles of GSDMs in tumorigenesis, such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Thus, this provides a rationale for GSDMs as potential therapeutic targets. Taken together, we shed unbiased light on the pyroptosis-dependent roles of GSDMs in cancer progression and highlighted how GSDMs modulate tumorigenesis in a pyroptosis-independent manner. It is evident that targeting GSDMs seems profound in cancer management; however, several problems require further investigation to target GSDMs from bench to bedside, which is elucidated in the discussion section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kai Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-En Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - En-De Shu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chung Ko
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - I-Ling Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Rovelyn P Gallego
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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The Role of Exosomes in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression and Their Potential as Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061776. [PMID: 36980662 PMCID: PMC10046651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common pancreatic malignancy, is an aggressive and lethal cancer with a dismal five-year survival rate. Despite remarkable improvements in cancer therapeutics, the clinical outcome of PDAC patients remains poor due to late diagnosis of the disease. This highlights the importance of early detection, wherein biomarker evaluation including exosomes would be helpful. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), are cell-secreted entities with diameters ranging from 50 to 150 nm that deliver cellular contents (e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) from parent cells to regulate the cellular processes of targeted cells. Recently, an increasing number of studies have reported that exosomes serve as messengers to facilitate stromal-immune crosstalk within the PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME), and their contents are indicative of disease progression. Moreover, evidence suggests that exosomes with specific surface markers are capable of distinguishing patients with PDAC from healthy individuals. Detectable exosomes in bodily fluids (e.g., blood, urine, saliva, and pancreatic juice) are omnipresent and may serve as promising biomarkers for improving early detection and evaluating patient prognosis. In this review, we shed light on the involvement of exosomes and their cargos in processes related to disease progression, including chemoresistance, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and immunomodulation, and their potential as prognostic markers. Furthermore, we highlight feasible clinical applications and the limitations of exosomes in liquid biopsies as tools for early diagnosis as well as disease monitoring. Taking advantage of exosomes to improve diagnostic capacity may provide hope for PDAC patients, although further investigation is urgently needed.
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Chen H, Yu Y, Zhou L, Chen J, Li Z, Tan X. Cuproptosis-related LncRNAs signature as biomarker of prognosis and immune infiltration in pancreatic cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1049454. [PMID: 36713077 PMCID: PMC9880288 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1049454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant gastrointestinal tumor with a terrible prognosis. Cuproptosis is a recently discovered form of cell death. This study is intended to explore the relationship between cuproptosis-related lncRNAs (CRLncs) signature with the prognosis and the tumor microenvironment (TME) of PC. Methods: Transcript sequencing data of PC samples with clinical information were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis were employed to construct the prognostic signature based on CRLncs associated with PC survival. A nomogram was created according to this signature, and the signaling pathway enrichment was analyzed. Subsequently, we explored the link between this prognostic signature with the mutational landscape and TME. Eventually, drug sensitivity was predicted based on this signature. Results: Forty-six of 159 CRLncs were most significantly relevant to the prognosis of PC, and a 6-lncRNA prognostic signature was established. The expression level of signature lncRNAs were detected in PC cell lines. The AUC value of the ROC curve for this risk score predicting 5-year survival in PC was .944, which was an independent prognostic factor for PC. The risk score was tightly related to the mutational pattern of PC, especially the driver genes of PC. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) demonstrated a significant correlation between signature with the TME of PC. Ultimately, compounds were measured for therapy in high-risk and low-risk PC patients, respectively. Conclusion: A prognostic signature of CRLncs for PC was established in the current study, which may serve as a promising marker for the outcomes of PC patients and has important forecasting roles for gene mutations, immune cell infiltration, and drug sensitivity in PC.
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Solberg R, Lunde NN, Forbord KM, Okla M, Kassem M, Jafari A. The Mammalian Cysteine Protease Legumain in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415983. [PMID: 36555634 PMCID: PMC9788469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cysteine protease legumain (also known as asparaginyl endopeptidase or δ-secretase) is the only known mammalian asparaginyl endopeptidase and is primarily localized to the endolysosomal system, although it is also found extracellularly as a secreted protein. Legumain is involved in the regulation of diverse biological processes and tissue homeostasis, and in the pathogenesis of various malignant and nonmalignant diseases. In addition to its proteolytic activity that leads to the degradation or activation of different substrates, legumain has also been shown to have a nonproteolytic ligase function. This review summarizes the current knowledge about legumain functions in health and disease, including kidney homeostasis, hematopoietic homeostasis, bone remodeling, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, fibrosis, aging and senescence, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In addition, this review addresses the effects of some marketed drugs on legumain. Expanding our knowledge on legumain will delineate the importance of this enzyme in regulating physiological processes and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigmor Solberg
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (A.J.); Tel.: +47-22-857-514 (R.S.); +45-35-337-423 (A.J.)
| | - Ngoc Nguyen Lunde
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl Martin Forbord
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Meshail Okla
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (A.J.); Tel.: +47-22-857-514 (R.S.); +45-35-337-423 (A.J.)
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Roshani M, Baniebrahimi G, Mousavi M, Zare N, Sadeghi R, Salarinia R, Sheida A, Molavizadeh D, Sadeghi S, Moammer F, Zolfaghari MR, Mirzaei H. Exosomal long non-coding RNAs: novel molecules in gastrointestinal cancers' progression and diagnosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1014949. [PMID: 36591473 PMCID: PMC9795196 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1014949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers arise in the GI tract and accessory organs, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. GI cancers are a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Exosomes act as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, with pleiotropic activity in the regulation of homeostasis, and can be markers for diseases. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), can be transported by exosomes derived from tumor cells or non-tumor cells. They can be taken by recipient cells to alter their function or remodel the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, due to their uniquely low immunogenicity and excellent stability, exosomes can be used as natural carriers for therapeutic ncRNAs in vivo. Exosomal lncRNAs have a crucial role in regulating several cancer processes, including angiogenesis, proliferation, drug resistance, metastasis, and immunomodulation. Exosomal lncRNA levels frequently alter according to the onset and progression of cancer. Exosomal lncRNAs can therefore be employed as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Exosomal lncRNAs can also monitor the patient's response to chemotherapy while also serving as potential targets for cancer treatment. Here, we discuss the role of exosomal lncRNAs in the biology and possible future treatment of GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Roshani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Baniebrahimi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Mousavi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Noushid Zare
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Salarinia
- Department of Advanced Technologies, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sheida
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Danial Molavizadeh
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Moammer
- Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,*Correspondence: Farzaneh Moammer, ; Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari, ; Hamed Mirzaei, ;
| | - Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari
- Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran,*Correspondence: Farzaneh Moammer, ; Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari, ; Hamed Mirzaei, ;
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,*Correspondence: Farzaneh Moammer, ; Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari, ; Hamed Mirzaei, ;
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12
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Liu X, Li Y, Jiang X, Deng Y, Ma C, Yu Q, Gao D. Long non-coding RNA: Multiple effects on the differentiation, maturity and cell function of dendritic cells. Clin Immunol 2022; 245:109167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Jiang Z, Wang H, Mou Y, Li L, Jin W. Functions and clinical applications of exosomes in pancreatic cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11037-11048. [PMID: 36097109 PMCID: PMC9618535 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most malignant tumors and has an abysmal prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of only 11%. At present, the main clinical dilemmas in PC are the lack of biomarkers and the unsatisfactory therapeutic effects. The treatments for and outcomes of PC have improved, but remain unsatisfactory. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles, and an increasing number of studies have found that exosomes play an essential role in tumor pathology. In this review, we describe the process of exosome biogenesis, as well as exosome extraction methods and identification strategies, and we then explain in detail the roles and mechanisms of exosomes in invasion, metastasis, chemoresistance and immunosuppression in PC. Finally, we summarize the clinical applications of exosomes. Our observations indicate that exosomes represent a novel direction in the clinical treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichen Jiang
- Department of General Surgery,Devision of Gastroenterology and Pancreas, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiju Wang
- Department of General Surgery,Devision of Gastroenterology and Pancreas, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiping Mou
- Department of General Surgery,Devision of Gastroenterology and Pancreas, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of General Surgery,Devision of Gastroenterology and Pancreas, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- Department of General Surgery,Devision of Gastroenterology and Pancreas, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Ye Y, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Wang G, Huang Y, Sun W, Zhang M. Construction of a cancer-associated fibroblasts-related long non-coding RNA signature to predict prognosis and immune landscape in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:989719. [PMID: 36212154 PMCID: PMC9538573 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.989719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are an essential cell population in the pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment and are extensively involved in drug resistance and immune evasion mechanisms. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in pancreatic cancer evolution and regulate the biological behavior mediated by CAFs. However, there is a lack of understanding of the prognostic signatures of CAFs-associated lncRNAs in pancreatic cancer patients. Methods: Transcriptomic and clinical data for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and the corresponding mutation data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. lncRNAs associated with CAFs were obtained using co-expression analysis. lncRNAs were screened by Cox regression analysis using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm for constructing predictive signature. According to the prognostic model, PAAD patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for survival validation of the model in the training and validation groups. Clinicopathological parameter correlation analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and nomogram were performed to evaluate the model. The gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene ontology (GO) analyses were used to explore differences in the biological behavior of the risk groups. Furthermore, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), tumor mutation burden (TMB), ESTIMATE algorithm, and a series of immune correlation analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between predictive signature and the tumor immune microenvironment and screen for potential responders to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, drug sensitivity analyses were used to explore potentially effective drugs in high- and low-risk groups. Results: The signature was constructed with seven CAFs-related lncRNAs (AP005233.2, AC090114.2, DCST1-AS1, AC092171.5, AC002401.4, AC025048.4, and CASC8) that independently predicted the prognosis of PAAD patients. Additionally, the high-risk group of the model had higher TMB levels than the low-risk group. Immune correlation analysis showed that most immune cells, including CD8+ T cells, were negatively correlated with the model risk scores. ssGSEA and ESTIMATE analyses further indicated that the low-risk group had a higher status of immune cell infiltration. Meanwhile, the mRNA of most immune checkpoint genes, including PD1 and CTLA4, were highly expressed in the low-risk group, suggesting that this population may be “hot immune tumors” and have a higher sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Finally, the predicted half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of some chemical and targeted drugs differ between high- and low-risk groups, providing a basis for treatment selection. Conclusion: Our findings provide promising insights into lncRNAs associated with CAFs in PAAD and provide a personalized tool for predicting patient prognosis and immune microenvironmental landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingquan Ye
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Traditional and Western Medicine (TCM)-Integrated Cancer Center of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qinying Zhao
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Traditional and Western Medicine (TCM)-Integrated Cancer Center of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Traditional and Western Medicine (TCM)-Integrated Cancer Center of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Gaoxiang Wang
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Traditional and Western Medicine (TCM)-Integrated Cancer Center of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Traditional and Western Medicine (TCM)-Integrated Cancer Center of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weijie Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Weijie Sun, ; Mei Zhang,
| | - Mei Zhang
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Traditional and Western Medicine (TCM)-Integrated Cancer Center of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Weijie Sun, ; Mei Zhang,
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15
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Liu C, He D, Li L, Zhang S, Wang L, Fan Z, Wang Y. Extracellular vesicles in pancreatic cancer immune escape: Emerging roles and mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106364. [PMID: 35901939 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most lethal malignancy worldwide due to its delayed diagnosis and limited treatment options. Despite great progress in clinical trials of immunotherapies for various cancers, their effectiveness in PC is very low, indicating that immune evasion is still a major obstacle to immunotherapy in PC. However, the mechanism of immune escape in PC is not fully understood, which substantially restricts the development of immunotherapy. As an important component of intercellular communication networks, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted increasing attention in relation to immune escape. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the roles of EVs in tumor immune escape and the potential to expand their application in cancer immunotherapy. The relationship between PC and the tumor immune microenvironment is briefly introduced. Then, the mechanism by which EVs are involved in immune regulation is summarized, and the latest progress in determining the role of EVs in regulating PC immune escape is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Dongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijin Fan
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yichao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tai Zhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), No.999 Donghai Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China.
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16
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Li Y, Zhao W, Wang Y, Wang H, Liu S. Extracellular vesicle-mediated crosstalk between pancreatic cancer and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:208. [PMID: 35501802 PMCID: PMC9063273 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) interacts closely with the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is remodeled by crosstalk between pancreatic cancer cells and stromal cells, and is critical for cancer progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, help facilitate an exchange of information both within the TME and to distant organs. EVs have also been identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and drug carriers for pancreatic cancer treatment. Thus, understanding the selective packaging of EVs cargo and its mechanistic impact will increase our understanding of cancer biology. In this review, we collect and analyze recent findings of the pancreatic cancer-stromal cell interactions mediated by EVs and the mechanisms involved in cancer-related immunity and chemoresistance. These studies demonstrate the vital role of EVs in pancreatic cancer reprogramming and TME remodeling. We also summarize the EVs identified as potential PDAC diagnostic biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets. This greater understanding is a promising avenue for transitioning EVs from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Operating Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanglong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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17
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Channon LM, Tyma VM, Xu Z, Greening DW, Wilson JS, Perera CJ, Apte MV. Small extracellular vesicles (exosomes) and their cargo in pancreatic cancer: Key roles in the hallmarks of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188728. [PMID: 35385773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a devastating disease, offering poor mortality rates for patients. The current challenge being faced is the inability to diagnose patients in a timely manner, where potentially curative resection provides the best chance of survival. Recently, small/nanosized extracellular vesicles (sEVs), including exosomes, have gained significant preclinical and clinical attention due to their emerging roles in cancer progression and diagnosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess endogenous properties that offer stability and facilitate crossing of biological barriers for delivery of molecular cargo to cells, acting as a form of intercellular communication to regulate function and phenotype of recipient cells. This review provides an overview of the role of EVs, their subtypes and their oncogenic cargo (as characterised by targeted studies as well as agnostic '-omics' analyses) in the pathobiology of pancreatic cancer. The discussion covers the progress of 'omics technology' that has enabled elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that mediate the role of EVs and their cargo in pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily M Channon
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Victoria M Tyma
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia, Victoria 3800, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jeremy S Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Chamini J Perera
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia.
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Wang W, Hao LP, Song H, Chu XY, Wang R. The Potential Roles of Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:790916. [PMID: 35280805 PMCID: PMC8912917 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.790916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth highest-incidence cancer and the 4th most deadly cancer all over the world, with a high fatality and low diagnostic rate. Nowadays, Excessive alcohol consumption, type-2 diabetes, smoking and obesity have become some primary risk factors of HCC. As intercellular messenger transporting information cargoes between cells, exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by most types of cells including tumor cells and non-tumor cells and play a pivotal role in establishing an HCC microenvironment. Exosomes, and more generally EVs, contain different molecules, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), proteins, lipids and transcription factors. The three main ncRNAs in exosomes are microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs). NcRNAs, identified as essential components, are selectively sorted into exosomes and exosomal ncRNAs show great potential in regulating tumor development, including proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune escape and drug resistance. Here, we chiefly review the formation and uptake of exosomes, classification of exosomal ncRNAs and current research on the roles of exosomal ncRNAs in HCC progression. We also explored their clinical applications as new diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic avenues in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Ping Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haizhu Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Tumor-Derived Exosomes in Tumor-Induced Immune Suppression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031461. [PMID: 35163380 PMCID: PMC8836190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a class of small membrane-bound extracellular vesicles released by almost all cell types and present in all body fluids. Based on the studies of exosome content and their interactions with recipient cells, exosomes are now thought to mediate “targeted” information transfer. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) carry a cargo of molecules different from that of normal cell-derived exosomes. TEX functions to mediate distinct biological effects such as receptor discharge and intercellular cross-talk. The immune system defenses, which may initially restrict tumor progression, are progressively blunted by the broad array of TEX molecules that activate suppressive pathways in different immune cells. Herein, we provide a review of the latest research progress on TEX in the context of tumor-mediated immune suppression and discuss the potential as well as challenges of TEX as a target of immunotherapy.
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20
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Emerging Role of LncRNAs in Autoimmune Lupus. Inflammation 2022; 45:937-948. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Identification of the Cysteine Protease Legumain as a Potential Chronic Hypoxia-Specific Multiple Myeloma Target Gene. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020292. [PMID: 35053409 PMCID: PMC8773999 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy, which is characterized by clonal proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells in the bone marrow. This microenvironment is characterized by low oxygen levels (1–6% O2), known as hypoxia. For MM cells, hypoxia is a physiologic feature that has been described to promote an aggressive phenotype and to confer drug resistance. However, studies on hypoxia are scarce and show little conformity. Here, we analyzed the mRNA expression of previously determined hypoxia markers to define the temporal adaptation of MM cells to chronic hypoxia. Subsequent analyses of the global proteome in MM cells and the stromal cell line HS-5 revealed hypoxia-dependent regulation of proteins, which directly or indirectly upregulate glycolysis. In addition, chronic hypoxia led to MM-specific regulation of nine distinct proteins. One of these proteins is the cysteine protease legumain (LGMN), the depletion of which led to a significant growth disadvantage of MM cell lines that is enhanced under hypoxia. Thus, herein, we report a methodologic strategy to examine MM cells under physiologic hypoxic conditions in vitro and to decipher and study previously masked hypoxia-specific therapeutic targets such as the cysteine protease LGMN.
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22
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Huang H, Sun J, Jiang Z, Zhang X, Li Z, Zhu H, Yu X. Risk factors and prognostic index model for pancreatic cancer. Gland Surg 2022; 11:186-195. [PMID: 35242680 PMCID: PMC8825503 DOI: 10.21037/gs-21-848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Chronic inflammation contributes to the progression of pancreatic cancer. However, few studies have examined the prognostic role of inflammatory markers in this cancer. Our study sought to analyze the prognostic risk factors of and construct a prognostic index (PI) model using inflammatory markers for pancreatic cancer. METHODS Forty-eight patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer at our hospital were selected for this retrospective analysis. Data on the general clinical characteristics, tumor-related features, blood index factors, and treatment methods were collected. The Cox proportional-hazards model was used to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis, and the Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to draw the survival curve. RESULTS The median overall survival time was 14.5 months, and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 20.83% (10/48), 6.25% (3/48), and 4.17% (2/48), respectively. The univariate analysis showed that tumor grade, vascular invasion, adjacent tissue invasion, lymph node metastasis, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) were significantly correlated with the median survival of pancreatic cancer patients (P<0.05). The Cox regression equation showed that tumor grade III-IV (X1), vascular invasion (X2), TNM stage III-IV (X3), a NLR >3.8 (X4), and a PLR >182.1 (X5) were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer (all P<0.05). The prognostic model for pancreatic cancer can be expressed as: PI =3.521X1+4.157X2+1.282X3+2.441X4+6.015X5. Patients with tumor grade I-II, non-vascular invasion, TNM stage I-II, a NLR ≤3.8, and a PLR ≤182.1 exhibited a higher 1-year survival rate. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the NLR >3.8 and the PLR >182.1 were 0.778 and 0.713, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Tumor grade, vascular invasion, TNM staging, the NLR, and the PLR are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. The NLR and PLR have good clinical value in predicting the survival outcomes of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jichun Sun
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheming Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Changsha, China
| | - Xianlin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Sun SG, Guo JJ, Qu XY, Tang XY, Lin YY, Hua KQ, Qiu JJ. The extracellular vesicular pseudogene LGMNP1 induces M2-like macrophage polarization by upregulating LGMN and serves as a novel promising predictive biomarker for ovarian endometriosis recurrence. Hum Reprod 2021; 37:447-465. [PMID: 34893848 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How does ectopic endometrial stromal cell (Ecto-ESC)-derived extracellular vesicular Legumain pseudogene 1 (EV-LGMNP1), a newly identified pseudogene of Legumain (LGMN), contribute to M2-phenotype macrophage polarization, and does it predict recurrence in patients with ovarian endometriosis (EMs)? SUMMARY ANSWER EV-LGMNP1, which is abundant in Ecto-ESCs and serum from ovarian EMs, can direct macrophages towards an M2 phenotype by upregulating LGMN expression and is a promising biomarker for predicting ovarian EMs recurrence. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate cell-to-cell crosstalk to promote disease progression via cargo molecule transport. Recently, LGMNP1, a newly identified pseudogene of LGMN, has been reported to promote cancer progression by upregulating LGMN. LGMN is a well-studied protein that can induce M2-like polarization. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION An in vitro study was conducted with Ecto-ESCs isolated from ectopic endometrial samples, collected from two patients with ovarian EMs (diagnosed by laparoscopy and histological analysis). A clinical retrospective cohort study of 52 ovarian EMs patients and 21 controls with available preoperative serum samples was carried out (2013-2017). The follow-up period ended either at the time of recurrence or on 31 December 2018. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Ecto-ESC-derived EVs (EV/Ecto-ESCs) were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy and western blotting. EV internalization by THP-1 cells, which are the most widely used primary human macrophages model, was detected by fluorescence labelling. After EV treatment, THP-1 cell polarization was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analyses of CD86 (M1-related marker) and CD206 (M2-related marker). LGMNP1 mRNA expression level in EVs from both primary ectopic endometrioc stromal cells and serum was examined using qRT-PCR. Additionally, the expression of LGMN, the downstream target gene of LGMNP1, in THP-1 cells was evaluated using qRT-PCR and western blotting. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to evaluate the independent predictive factors of EMs recurrence-free survival. A novel nomogram model based on serum EV-LGMNP1 was then formulated to predict EMs recurrence. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In vitro assays demonstrated that EV/Ecto-ESCs drove macrophages towards an M2-like phenotype. Moreover, LGMNP1 contributed to EV/Ecto-ESC-induced M2 macrophage polarization by upregulating LGMN mRNA expression levels. Clinically, serum EV-LGMNP1 was more highly expressed in recurrent EMs patients than in controls and EMs patients without recurrence. Survival analysis and our novel nomogram reconfirmed that serum EV-LGMNP1 was a novel promising and meaningful non-invasive biomarker for predicting EMs recurrence. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION In vitro experiments were only performed on samples from two patients with ovarian endometriosis, and a larger sample size is needed. ESCs isolated from the eutopic endometrium of EMs and non-EMs patients should be studied in the future. Additionally, in vitro experiments should be performed using endometrial epithelium cells and further in vivo experiments, such as using mice endometriotic models to investigate whether EV/Ecto could induce M2 macrophage polarization, should be conducted. Moreover, multicentre, large-sample data are needed to validate our predictive nomogram model. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study provides novel insights into the mechanism of M2 polarization involved in ovarian EMs progression mediated by an 'EV-shuttled pseudogene LGMNP1' mode. In addition, serum EV-LGMNP1 may serve as a novel non-invasive biomarker for predicting recurrence, providing a new therapeutic target for ovarian EMs. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This project was supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81971361), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Science and Technology (19ZR1406900), the Shanghai 'Rising Stars of Medical Talent' Youth Development Program (AB83030002019004), the Clinical Research Plan of SHDC (SHDC2020CR4087), the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (202040498), the Research and Innovation Project of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (2019-01-07-00-07-E00050) and the Clinical Research Plan of SHDC (SHDC2020CR1045B). There are no competing interests to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J J Guo
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Y Qu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Y Tang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Y Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - K Q Hua
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J J Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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New insights into exosome mediated tumor-immune escape: Clinical perspectives and therapeutic strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188624. [PMID: 34487817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in extracellular vesicle biology have uncovered a substantial role in maintaining cell homeostasis in health and disease conditions by mediating intercellular communication, thus catching the scientific community's attention worldwide. Extracellular microvesicles, some called exosomes, functionally transfer biomolecules such as proteins and non-coding RNAs from one cell to another, influencing the local environment's biology. Although numerous advancements have been made in treating cancer patients with immune therapy, controlling the disease remains a challenge in the clinic due to tumor-driven interference with the immune response and inability of immune cells to clear cancer cells from the body. The present review article discusses the recent findings and knowledge gaps related to the role of exosomes derived from tumors and the tumor microenvironment cells in tumor escape from immunosurveillance. Further, we highlight examples where exosomal non-coding RNAs influence immune cells' response within the tumor microenvironment and favor tumor growth and progression. Therefore, exosomes can be used as a therapeutic target for the treatment of human cancers.
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25
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Hussain Z, Nigri J, Tomasini R. The Cellular and Biological Impact of Extracellular Vesicles in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123040. [PMID: 34207163 PMCID: PMC8235245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The increased incidence and global failure of ongoing therapies project pancreatic cancer as the second deadliest cancer worldwide. While our knowledge of pancreatic cancer cells’ abilities and specificities has drastically improved based on multi-scaled omics, one must consider that much more remains to be uncovered on the role and impact of stromal cells and the established network of communication with tumor cells. This review article discusses how tumor cells communicate with the various cells composing the stroma and its implication in tumor cells’ abilities, PDA (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma) carcinogenesis and therapeutic response. We will focus on extracellular vesicles-mediated crosstalk and how this multifaceted dialogue impacts both cellular compartments and its subsequent impact on PDA biology. Abstract Deciphering the interactions between tumor and stromal cells is a growing field of research to improve pancreatic cancer-associated therapies and patients’ care. Indeed, while accounting for 50 to 90% of the tumor mass, many pieces of evidence reported that beyond their structural role, the non-tumoral cells composing the intra-tumoral microenvironment influence tumor cells’ proliferation, metabolism, cell death and resistance to therapies, among others. Simultaneously, tumor cells can influence non-tumoral neighboring or distant cells in order to shape a tumor-supportive and immunosuppressive environment as well as influencing the formation of metastatic niches. Among intercellular modes of communication, extracellular vesicles can simultaneously transfer the largest variety of signals and were recently reported as key effectors of cell–cell communication in pancreatic cancer, from its development to its evolution as well as its ability to resist available treatments. This review focuses on extracellular vesicles-mediated communication between different cellular components of pancreatic tumors, from the modulation of cellular activities and abilities to their biological and physiological relevance. Taking into consideration the intra-tumoral microenvironment and its extracellular-mediated crosstalk as main drivers of pancreatic cancer development should open up new therapeutic windows.
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Romano R, Picca A, Eusebi LHU, Marzetti E, Calvani R, Moro L, Bucci C, Guerra F. Extracellular Vesicles and Pancreatic Cancer: Insights on the Roles of miRNA, lncRNA, and Protein Cargos in Cancer Progression. Cells 2021; 10:1361. [PMID: 34205944 PMCID: PMC8226820 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among the most devastating digestive tract cancers worldwide. This cancer is characterized by poor diagnostic detection, lack of therapy, and difficulty in predicting tumorigenesis progression. Although mutations of key oncogenes and oncosuppressor involved in tumor growth and in immunosurveillance escape are known, the underlying mechanisms that orchestrate PC initiation and progression are poorly understood or still under debate. In recent years, the attention of many researchers has been concentrated on the role of extracellular vesicles and of a particular subset of extracellular vesicles, known as exosomes. Literature data report that these nanovesicles are able to deliver their cargos to recipient cells playing key roles in the pathogenesis and progression of many pancreatic precancerous conditions. In this review, we have summarized and discussed principal cargos of extracellular vesicles characterized in PC, such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and several proteins, to offer a systematic overview of their function in PC progression. The study of extracellular vesicles is allowing to understand that investigation of their secretion and analysis of their content might represent a new and potential diagnostic and prognostic tools for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonardo Henry Umberto Eusebi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Sant’Orsola University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Loredana Moro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; or
- Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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Exosomes and exosomal RNAs in breast cancer: A status update. Eur J Cancer 2021; 144:252-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Exosomes in Immune Regulation. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7010004. [PMID: 33435564 PMCID: PMC7838779 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles mediate intercellular communication by transferring their cargo including DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids from cell to cell. Notably, in the immune system, they have protective functions. However in cancer, exosomes acquire new, immunosuppressive properties that cause the dysregulation of immune cells and immune escape of tumor cells supporting cancer progression and metastasis. Therefore, current investigations focus on the regulation of exosome levels for immunotherapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss the role of exosomes in immunomodulation of lymphoid and myeloid cells, and their use as immune stimulatory agents to elicit specific cytotoxic responses against the tumor.
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29
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Exosomal long non-coding RNAs in the diagnosis and oncogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 501:55-65. [PMID: 33359452 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes, play a significant role as an extracellular messenger through their transporting cargo. Of particular interest are the potential roles they play in pancreatic cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma displays high chemo-resistance and metastatic ability, which may be influenced by cancer-derived exosomes carrying proteins, lipids and RNA. To date, among the most extensively examined exosomal molecular cargo there are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that, despite the increasing interest in their role and functions, are relatively poorly understood compared to other RNA transcripts. Nevertheless, we have witnessed an increasing interest for lncRNAs roles and functions in the past decade. For example, lncRNAs have been investigated as potential biomarkers for diagnosing pancreatic cancer and may have a role as therapeutics targets for precision medicine, but may also directly intervene in tumour progression features such as metastasis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and resistance of cancer cells towards chemotherapy agents. The function of lncRNAs within various cancer exosomes is still undefined. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on pancreatic cancer-derived exosome specific lncRNAs having prominent roles in genome integrity, pancreatic cancer progression and in other oncogenic hallmarks.
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Lai J, Chen B, Zhang G, Li X, Mok H, Liao N. Molecular characterization of breast cancer: a potential novel immune-related lncRNAs signature. J Transl Med 2020; 18:416. [PMID: 33160384 PMCID: PMC7648293 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that immune-related lncRNAs (IRLs) are commonly aberrantly expressed in breast cancer (BC). Thus, we aimed to establish an IRL-based tool to improve prognosis prediction in BC patients. Methods We obtained IRL expression profiles in large BC cohorts (N = 911) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Then, in light of the correlation between each IRL and recurrence-free survival (RFS), we screened prognostic IRL signatures to construct a novel RFS nomogram via a Cox regression model. Subsequently, the performance of the IRL-based model was evaluated through discrimination, calibration ability, risk stratification ability and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results A total of 52 IRLs were obtained from TCGA. Based on multivariate Cox regression analyses, four IRLs (A1BG-AS1, AC004477.3, AC004585.1 and AC004854.2) and two risk parameters (tumor subtype and TNM stage) were utilized as independent indicators to develop a novel prognostic model. In terms of predictive accuracy, the IRL-based model was distinctly superior to the TNM staging system (AUC: 0.728 VS 0.673, P = 0.010). DCA indicated that our nomogram had favorable clinical practicability. In addition, risk stratification analysis showed that the IRL-based tool efficiently divided BC patients into high- and low-risk groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions A novel IRL-based model was constructed to predict the risk of 5-year RFS in BC. Our model can improve the predictive power of the TNM staging system and identify high-risk patients with tumor recurrence to implement more appropriate treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Lai
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuexiu district, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuexiu district, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Guochun Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuexiu district, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuerui Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuexiu district, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hsiaopei Mok
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuexiu district, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Liao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuexiu district, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Z-Guggulsterone alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation through inhibiting the TXNIP/NLRP3 axis in ischemic stroke. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107094. [PMID: 33129097 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a serious and life-threatening cerebrovascular thrombotic disease; however, the therapeutic strategy is limited for the complicated mechanism and narrow therapeutic window. Our previous study suggested that Z-Guggulsterone (Z-GS), an active component derived from myrrh, is a good candidate for cerebral injury. The object of this study is to investigate the exact mechanisms of Z-GS in cerebral ischemic stroke. Rats were used to conduct middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and were treated with different dosage of Z-GS. Morphological results showed that Z-GS significantly alleviated neurological deficits, infarct volume and histopathological damage in MCAO rats. A total of 8276 differentially expressed genes were identified based on microarray analysis. Oxidation-reduction process and inflammatory response were enriched as the significant gene ontology items. TXNIP and NLRP3 were screened as the potential target genes by Series Test of Cluster (STC) analysis. The results were validated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. Besides, Z-GS successfully inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory response in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) treated neurons. Knockdown of TXNIP significantly decreased the expression of NLRP3 in OGD-induced neurons. In addition, Z-GS treatment scarcely changed the expressions of NLRP3 in siRNA-TXNIP pretreated cells compared with the siRNA-TXNIP alone treatment group, suggesting that the neuroprotective effect of Z-GS was dependent on TXNIP-NLRP3 axis. Taken together, this study revealed that Z-GS exerted neuroprotective property through alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation via inhibiting the TXNIP/NLRP3 axis. Z-GS could be considered as a promising candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Liu Y, Yin Z, Lu P, Ma Y, Luo B, Xiang L, Zhang W, He Y, Liang X. Lung Carcinoma Cells Secrete Exosomal MALAT1 to Inhibit Dendritic Cell Phagocytosis, Inflammatory Response, Costimulatory Molecule Expression and Promote Dendritic Cell Autophagy via AKT/mTOR Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10693-10705. [PMID: 33116646 PMCID: PMC7586126 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s256669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the potential mechanism underlying the effect of lung carcinoma cell-derived exosomes on dendritic cell function. Materials and Methods C57BL/6 (B6) mice were randomly divided into five groups: control, dendritic cell (DC), DC-NC, DC-siMALAT1, and siMALAT1. Tumor cell proliferation was measured by Ki-67 staining. LLC cells were divided into control, NC, and si-MALAT1 groups, and exosomes secreted by each group were labeled as PEX, PEXN, and PEX-si, respectively. Exosomes and autophagic vacuoles were observed by transmission electron microscopy. MALAT1 expression in LLC, A549, and Beas-2b cells was examined by RT-PCR. The expression of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-10, and TGF-β was observed by Elisa assay. Flow cytometry was used to observe the phagocytic function of DCs, costimulatory molecule expression, and T cell proliferation and differentiation. The protein expression of p-AKT, AKT, p-mTOR, mTOR, ALIX, TSG101, and CD63 was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with Beas-2b cells, MALAT1 expression was significantly increased in both LLC and A549 cells and in their secreted exosomes, and LLC cells showed the highest expression of MALAT1 (P < 0.05). Tumor cell proliferation and tumor volume were significantly decreased in the siMALAT1 and DC-siMALAT1 groups compared to those in the control group. DC phagocytosis, inflammatory response, costimulatory molecule expression, and T cell proliferation in the siMALAT1 and PEX-si groups were significantly enhanced (P < 0.05), while DC autophagy and T cell differentiation were reduced (P < 0.05). The levels of p-AKT, AKT, p-mTOR, and mTOR in the PEX and PEXN groups were increased compared with those in the control group, while those in the siMALAT1 and PEX-si groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion Inhibition of MALAT1 expression in LLC-derived exosomes promoted DC function and T cell proliferation and suppressed DC autophagy and T cell differentiation, suggesting that MALAT1 inhibition may be a potential strategy for the clinical treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhucheng Yin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanxin Xiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangli Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjun Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Lei S, He Z, Chen T, Guo X, Zeng Z, Shen Y, Jiang J. Long noncoding RNA 00976 promotes pancreatic cancer progression through OTUD7B by sponging miR-137 involving EGFR/MAPK pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:470. [PMID: 31747939 PMCID: PMC6868788 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation evidence indicates the vital role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumorigenesis and the progression of malignant tumors, including pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the role and the molecular mechanism of long non-coding RNA 00976 is unclear in pancreatic cancer. METHODS In situ hybridization (ISH) and qRT-PCR was performed to investigate the association between linc00976 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with PC. Subsequently, linc00976 over-expression vector and shRNAs were transfected into PC cells to up-regulate or down-regulate linc00976 expression. Loss- and gain-of function assays were performed to investigate the role of linc00976 in proliferation and metastasis in vitro and vivo. ITRAQ, bioinformatic analysis and rescue assay were used to illustrate the ceRNA mechanism network of linc00976/miR-137/OTUD7B and its downstream EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway. RESULTS linc00976 expression was overexpressed in PC tissues and cell lines and was positively associated with poorer survival in patients with PC. Function studies revealed that linc00976 knockdown significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vivo and in vitro, whereas its overexpression reversed these effects. Based on Itraq results and online database prediction, Ovarian tumor proteases OTUD7B was found as a downstream gene of linc00976, which deubiquitinated EGFR mediates MAPK signaling activation. Furthermore, Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assays and rescue experiments revealed that linc00976/miR137/OTUD7B established the ceRNA network modulating PC cell proliferation and tumor growth. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that linc00976 enhances the proliferation and invasion ability of PC cells by upregulating OTUD7B expression, which was a target of miR-137. Ultimately, OTUD7B mediates EGFR and MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting that linc00976/miR-137/OTUD7B/EGFR axis may act as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Ziyang Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell of Guizhou Province, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhiwei He
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tengxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell of Guizhou Province, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingjun Guo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhirui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell of Guizhou Province, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Yiyi Shen
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Ziyang Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Li C, Xu X. Biological functions and clinical applications of exosomal non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4203-4219. [PMID: 31300868 PMCID: PMC11105530 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, with a high mortality rate. Its dismal prognosis is attributed to late diagnosis, high risk of recurrence and drug resistance. To improve the survival of patients with HCC, new approaches are required for early diagnosis, real-time monitoring and effective treatment. Exosomes are small membranous vesicles released by most cells that contain biological molecules and play a great role in intercellular communication under physiological or pathological conditions. In cancer, exosomes from tumor cells or non-tumor cells can be taken up by neighboring or distant target cells, and the cargoes in exosomes are functional to modulate the behaviors of tumors or reshape tumor microenvironment (TME). As essential components, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are selectively enriched in exosomes, and exosomal ncRNAs participate in regulating specific aspects of tumor development, including tumorigenesis, tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, immunomodulation and drug resistance. Besides, dysregulated exosomal ncRNAs have emerged as potential biomarkers, and exosomes can serve as natural vehicles to deliver tumor-suppressed ncRNAs for treatment. In this review, we briefly summarize the biology of exosomes, the functions of exosomal ncRNAs in HCC development and their potential clinical applications, including as biomarkers and therapeutic tools.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/physiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Exosomes/genetics
- Exosomes/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/physiology
- RNA, Untranslated/metabolism
- RNA, Untranslated/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbiao Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Lunde NN, Bosnjak T, Solberg R, Johansen HT. Mammalian legumain – A lysosomal cysteine protease with extracellular functions? Biochimie 2019; 166:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ou ZL, Luo Z, Wei W, Liang S, Gao TL, Lu YB. Hypoxia-induced shedding of MICA and HIF1A-mediated immune escape of pancreatic cancer cells from NK cells: role of circ_0000977/miR-153 axis. RNA Biol 2019; 16:1592-1603. [PMID: 31402756 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1649585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One key to malignant progression of pancreatic cancer (PC) is the acquired ability of tumour cells to escape immune-mediated lysis. Hypoxic microenvironment plays a causal role in PC metastasis. According to previous studies, hypoxia could induce the upregulation of HIF1A, ADAM10 and sMICA, leading to decreased NKG2D in NK cells and tumour cells escape from immune surveillance and NK cell-mediated lysis. In the present study, in NK cells derived from high-HIF1A expression patients, the levels of internalization of MICA/B and NKG2D were obviously higher than those in low-HIF1A expression group; hypoxia dramatically upregulated the levels of sMICA culture supernatant of Panc-1 cells. Regarding the molecular mechanism, dysregulated circRNAs and miRNAs that might modulate HIF1A-mediated immune escape were selected and examined for detailed functions. The expression of circ_0000977 could be induced by hypoxia, and circ_0000977 knockdown enhanced the killing effect of NK cells on PC cells under hypoxia through HIF1A and ADAM10. HIF1 and ADAM10 were direct downstream targets of miR-153; circ_0000977 served as a sponge for miR-153 to counteract miR-153-mediated repression of HIF1 and ADAM10 mRNA through direct targeting in both 293T cells and Panc-1 cells. miR-153 inhibition exerted an opposing effect on HIF1A-mediated immune escape of PC cells to circ_0000977 knockdown; the effect of circ_0000977 knockdown were partially attenuated by miR-153 inhibition. In summary, circ_0000977/miR-153 axis modulates HIF1A-mediated immune escape of PC cells through miR-153 downstream targets HIF1A and ADAM10. We provided a novel mechanism of HIF1A-mediated immune escape of PC cells from the perspective of circRNAs-miRNA-mRNA axis. Abbreviations: Pancreatic cancer (PC); peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs); A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase Domain 10 (ADAM10); MHC class I-related molecule A (MICA); soluble MICA (sMICA); membrane MICA (mMICA); Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HI1FA); long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs); non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs); natural killer (NK); Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E); Immunohistochemistry (IHC); natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Lin Ou
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , P.R. China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , P.R. China
| | - Shuai Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , P.R. China
| | - Tai-Long Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan People's Hospital , Changsha , Hunan , P.R.China
| | - Ye-Bin Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , P.R. China
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Dendritic Cell Metabolism and Function in Tumors. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:699-718. [PMID: 31301952 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are fundamental for the initiation and maintenance of immune responses against malignant cells. Despite the unique potential of DCs to elicit robust anticancer immunity, the tumor microenvironment poses a variety of challenges that hinder competent DC function and consequently inhibit the development of protective immune responses. Here, we discuss recent studies uncovering new molecular pathways and metabolic programs that tumors manipulate in DCs to disturb their homeostasis and evade immune control. We also examine certain state-of-the-art strategies that seek to improve DC function and elicit antitumor responses in hosts with cancer. Understanding and modulating DC metabolism and activity within tumors might help improve the efficacy of T cell-centric immunotherapies.
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38
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He S, Sun H, Huang Y, Dong S, Qiao C, Zhang S, Wang C, Zheng F, Yan M, Yang G. Identification and Interaction Analysis of Significant Genes and MicroRNAs in Pterygium. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2767512. [PMID: 31341891 PMCID: PMC6614972 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2767512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MiRNAs have been widely analyzed in the occurrence and development of many diseases, including pterygium. This study aimed to identify the key genes and miRNAs in pterygium and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS MiRNA expression was initially extracted and pooled by published literature. Microarray data about differentially expressed genes was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed with the R programming language. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). The protein-protein interaction network was constructed with the STRING database. The associations between chemicals, differentially expressed miRNAs, and differentially expressed genes were predicted using the online resource. All the networks were constructed using Cytoscape. RESULTS We found that 35 miRNAs and 301 genes were significantly differentially expressed. Functional enrichment analysis showed that upregulated genes were significantly enriched in extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, while downregulated genes were mainly involved in cell death and apoptotic process. Finally, we concluded the chemical-gene affected network, miRNA-mRNA interacted networks, and significant pathway network. CONCLUSION We identified lists of differentially expressed miRNAs and genes and their possible interaction in pterygium. The networks indicated that ECM breakdown and EMT might be two major pathophysiological mechanisms and showed the potential significance of PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. MiR-29b-3p and collagen family (COL4A1 and COL3A1) might be new treatment target in pterygium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying He
- Center for Gene Diagnosis & Core Lab, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Center for Gene Diagnosis & Core Lab, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yifang Huang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis & Core Lab, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Shiqi Dong
- Department of Ophthamology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Chen Qiao
- Department of Corneal, Hankou Aier Eye Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis & Core Lab, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis & Core Lab, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis & Core Lab, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Center for Gene Diagnosis & Core Lab, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- Department of Ophthamology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Guohua Yang
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
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Cheng H, Wang Z, Fu L, Xu T. Macrophage Polarization in the Development and Progression of Ovarian Cancers: An Overview. Front Oncol 2019; 9:421. [PMID: 31192126 PMCID: PMC6540821 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed at late stages because of atypical symptoms and the lack of effective early diagnostic measures. The mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis and development of ovarian cancer are not clear. Macrophages, immune cells derived from the innate immune system, have two states of polarization (M1 and M2) that develop in response to different stimuli. The polarization and differentiation of macrophages into the cancer-inhibiting M1 and cancer-promoting M2 types represent the two states of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. The interaction of polarized macrophages with cancer cells plays a crucial role in a variety of cancers. However, the effects of macrophage M1/M2 polarization on ovarian cancer have not yet been systematically and fully discussed. In this review, we discuss not only the occurrence, development and influences of macrophage polarization but also the association between macrophage polarization and ovarian cancer. The polarization of macrophages into the M1 and M2 phenotypes plays a pivotal role in ovarian cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis, and provides targets for macrophage-centered treatment in the cancer microenvironment for ovarian cancer therapy. We also addressed the regulation of macrophage polarization in ovarian cancer via noncoding RNAs, exosomes, and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Cheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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40
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Liu Y, Xie D, He Z, Zheng L. Integrated analysis reveals five potential ceRNA biomarkers in human lung adenocarcinoma. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6694. [PMID: 31106044 PMCID: PMC6497041 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) are a newly identified type of regulatory RNA. Accumulating evidence suggests that ceRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer. Thus, ceRNA dysregulation may represent an important molecular mechanism underlying cancer progression and poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to identify ceRNAs that may serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods We performed differential gene expression analysis on TCGA-LUAD datasets to identify differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs at different tumor stages. Based on the ceRNA hypothesis and considering the synergistic or feedback regulation of ceRNAs, a lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA network was constructed. Functional analysis was performed using gene ontology term and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and KOBAS 2.0 software. Transcription factor (TF) analysis was carried out to identify direct targets of the TFs associated with LUAD prognosis. Identified DE genes were validated using gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets. Results Based on analysis of TCGA-LUAD datasets, we obtained 2,610 DE mRNAs, 915 lncRNAs, and 125 miRNAs that were common to different tumor stages (|log2(Fold change)| ≥ 1, false discovery rate < 0.01), respectively. Functional analysis showed that the aberrantly expressed mRNAs were closely related to tumor development. Survival analyses of the constructed ceRNA network modules demonstrated that five of them exhibit prognostic significance. The five ceRNA interaction modules contained one lncRNA (FENDRR), three mRNAs (EPAS1, FOXF1, and EDNRB), and four miRNAs (hsa-miR-148a, hsa-miR-195, hsa-miR-196b, and hsa-miR-301b). The aberrant expression of one lncRNA and three mRNAs was verified in the LUAD GEO dataset. Transcription factor analysis demonstrated that EPAS1 directly targeted 13 DE mRNAs. Conclusion Our observations indicate that lncRNA-related ceRNAs and TFs play an important role in LUAD. The present study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying LUAD pathogenesis. Furthermore, our study facilitates the identification of potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of LUAD and therapeutic targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Deyao Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhifeng He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangcheng Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wei C, Liang Q, Li X, Li H, Liu Y, Huang X, Chen X, Guo Y, Li J. Bioinformatics profiling utilized a nine immune-related long noncoding RNA signature as a prognostic target for pancreatic cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14916-14927. [PMID: 31016791 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify an immune-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) signature with potential prognostic value for patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS Pancreatic cancer samples with available clinical information and whole genomic mRNA expression data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were enrolled in our research. The immune score of each sample was calculated according to the expression level of immune-related genes and used to identify the most promising immune-related lncRNAs. According to the risk score developed from screened immune-related lncRNAs, the high- and low-risk groups were separated on the basis of the median risk score. The prediction reliability was further evaluated in the validation set and combination set. Both gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed for functional annotation, and the microenvironment cell population record was applied to evaluate the immune composition and purity of the tumor. RESULTS A cohort of 176 samples was included in this study. A total of 163 immune-related lncRNAs were collected according to Pearson correlation analyses between immune score and lncRNA expression |R| > 0.5, P < 0.01). Nine immune-related lncRNAs (AL138966.2, AL133520.1, AC142472.1, AC127024.5, AC116913.1, AC083880.1, AC124016.1, AC008443.5, and AC092171.5) with the most significant prognostic values (P < 0.01) were identified. In the training set, it was observed that patients in the low-risk group showed longer overall survival (OS) than those in the high-risk group (P < 0.001); meanwhile, similar results were found in the validation set, combination set and various stratified sets (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, the signature was identified as an independent prognostic factor and significantly associated with the OS of pancreatic cancer. The area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) for the nine lncRNA signature in predicting the 2-year survival rate was 0.703. In addition, the low-risk and high-risk groups displayed different distributed patterns in PCA and different immune statuses in the GSEA. The signature indicated decreased purity of the tumor by implying a lower proportion of cancer cells along with an increasing enrichment of fibroblasts, myeloid dendritic cells, and monocytic lineage cells. CONCLUSIONS Our research suggests that the immune-related lncRNA signature possesses latent prognostic value for patients with pancreatic cancer and may provide new information for immunological research and treatment in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmi Wei
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingyu Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Northern Theater Command General Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangming Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiujie Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongxin Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Chen F, Wang N, Tan HY, Guo W, Zhang C, Feng Y. The functional roles of exosomes-derived long non-coding RNA in human cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:583-592. [PMID: 30739532 PMCID: PMC6605993 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1564562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most pervasive causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide regardless of the fact that a majority of therapeutic strategies have been constantly invented. The survival rate of cancer patients remains unsatisfactory due to the late diagnosis, frequent metastasis and poor response to chemotherapeutics. Therefore, novel methods with high specificity and susceptibility for prompt diagnosis and precise treatment of cancer are imperative. Circulating RNA is located in bodily fluids, including urine, saliva, breast milk and naturally present in blood. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a subset of non-coding RNAs are discovered to be differentially expressed in a variety of cancers. LncRNAs have been broadly recognized as emerging mediators for cancer behavior. Presence of lncRNA in circulation can be cell-free or encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by cancer cells. The release of EVs, especially exosomes, with 40-120 nm diameter in size, has been implicated in the regulation of malignancies as carriers for nucleic acid cargo through intercellular transfer. Therefore, systematic understanding of the role of exosomal lncRNAs in carcinogenesis may offer ideal diagnostic and prognostic biomarker or even therapeutic targets for malignancies. Herein, the underlying functional roles of exosomal lncRNAs in regulating tumor progression, immunomodulation as well as drug resistance will be elaborated. Lastly, the importance of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer study will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Qian L, Yu S, Chen Z, Meng Z, Huang S, Wang P. Functions and clinical implications of exosomes in pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1871:75-84. [PMID: 30419313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human malignancies and is associated with a dismal prognosis, which can be contributed to its atypical symptoms, metastatic propensity, and significant chemoresistance. Emerging evidence shows that pancreatic cancer cell-derived exosomes (PEXs) play critical roles in tumorigenesis and tumor development, as they are involved in drug resistance, immune evasion and metabolic reprograming, and distant metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Their numerous differentially expressed and functional contents make PEXs promising screening tools and therapeutic targets, which require further exploration. In this review, we focus on the functions of PEX contents and their clinical implications in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qian
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 2000332, China
| | - Shulin Yu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 2000332, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 2000332, China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 2000332, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 2000332, China; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 2000332, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 2000332, China.
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Samandari M, Julia MG, Rice A, Chronopoulos A, Del Rio Hernandez AE. Liquid biopsies for management of pancreatic cancer. Transl Res 2018; 201:98-127. [PMID: 30118658 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It is asymptomatic at an early stage, and most diagnosis occurs when the disease is already at a late stage, by which time the tumor is nonresectable. In order to increase the overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer, as well as to decrease the cancer burden, it is necessary to perform early diagnosis, prognosis stratifications and cancer monitoring using accurate, minimally invasive, and cost-effective methods. Liquid biopsies seek to detect tumor-associated biomarkers in a variety of extractable body fluids and can help to monitor treatment response and disease progression, and even predict patient outcome. In patients with pancreatic cancer, tumor-derived materials, primarily circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells and exosomes, are being studied for inclusion in the management of the disease. This review focuses on describing the biology of these biomarkers, methods for their enrichment and detection, as well as their potential for clinical application. Moreover, we discuss the future direction of liquid biopsies and introduce how they can be exploited toward point of care personalized medicine for the management of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamadmahdi Samandari
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - María Gil Julia
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Rice
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Antonios Chronopoulos
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Armando E Del Rio Hernandez
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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45
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Yang L, Sun K, Chu J, Qu Y, Zhao X, Yin H, Ming L, Wan J, He F. Long non-coding RNA FTH1P3 regulated metastasis and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through SP1/NF-kB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1570-1577. [PMID: 30119232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS:: Recent research showed that Long non-protein coding RNA ferritin heavy chain 1 pseudogene 3 (FTH1P3) plays a crucial role in the course of tumor formation. The present study was aimed to explore its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). MAIN METHODS Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to examine the expression levels of FTH1P3, mRNA SP1 and NF-kB in ESCC samples and cell lines. The impact of FTH1P3 knockdown was evaluated by WST-1 assays, colony formation assays, scratch wound assays, migration and invasion assays. KEY FINDINGS FTH1P3 was significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues and cells (P < 0.001). Knockdown of FTH1P3 notably decreased the proliferation, migration, and invasion capacity of ESCC cells. Silencing of FTH1P3 decreased the expression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and NF-kB (p65) in EC9706 and EC1. SIGNIFICANCE FTH1P3 plays a crucial role in ESCC tumorigenesis, and can be used as a potential therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Kaiyan Sun
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Jie Chu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Yunhui Qu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Xue Zhao
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Huiqing Yin
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Liang Ming
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Junhu Wan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Fucheng He
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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Zhou R, Chen KK, Zhang J, Xiao B, Huang Z, Ju C, Sun J, Zhang F, Lv XB, Huang G. The decade of exosomal long RNA species: an emerging cancer antagonist. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:75. [PMID: 29558960 PMCID: PMC5861621 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0823-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have emerged as a novel approach for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer after RNA content was discovered in exosomes in 2007. As important meditators of intercellular communication, exosomes have become a strong focus of investigation for researchers in the past decade, as witnessed through the exponential increase of research on exosomes. The capability of exosomes to transfer functionally active cargo highlights their importance as promising biomarkers and diagnostic molecules, as well as prospective drug delivery systems. The accessibility of exosomes in nearly all biofluids additionally alludes to its unprecedented ability in various types of cancers due to its extensive impact on tumor formation and progression. This review analyzes the role of exosomal long RNA species, which is comprised of mRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA, in tumor formation and progression, with an emphasis on their potential as future diagnostic biomarkers and treatment vectors in cancer biology. Their alignment with the development of exosomal databases is further examined in this review, in view of the accumulation of studies published on exosomes in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihao Zhou
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translational Research, Center Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China.,The First Clinical Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaddie Kwok Chen
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bufan Xiao
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translational Research, Center Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China.,The First Clinical Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohao Huang
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translational Research, Center Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China.,The First Clinical Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ju
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translational Research, Center Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Sun
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translational Research, Center Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translational Research, Center Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bin Lv
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translational Research, Center Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guofu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China.
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