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Ni X, Lu CP, Xu GQ, Ma JJ. Transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications in the glycolytic pathway for targeted cancer therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1533-1555. [PMID: 38622288 PMCID: PMC11272797 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells largely rely on aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect to generate essential biomolecules and energy for their rapid growth. The key modulators in glycolysis including glucose transporters and enzymes, e.g. hexokinase 2, enolase 1, pyruvate kinase M2, lactate dehydrogenase A, play indispensable roles in glucose uptake, glucose consumption, ATP generation, lactate production, etc. Transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications (PTMs) of these critical modulators are important for signal transduction and metabolic reprogramming in the glycolytic pathway, which can provide energy advantages to cancer cell growth. In this review we recapitulate the recent advances in research on glycolytic modulators of cancer cells and analyze the strategies targeting these vital modulators including small-molecule inhibitors and microRNAs (miRNAs) for targeted cancer therapy. We focus on the regulation of the glycolytic pathway at the transcription level (e.g., hypoxia-inducible factor 1, c-MYC, p53, sine oculis homeobox homolog 1, N6-methyladenosine modification) and PTMs (including phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, etc.) of the key regulators in these processes. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of the regulation of the key modulators in the glycolytic pathway and might shed light on the targeted cancer therapy at different molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Cheng-Piao Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Suzhou International Joint Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Martinez de Estibariz I, Jakjimovska A, Illarregi U, Martin-Guerrero I, Gutiérrez-Camino A, Lopez-Lopez E, Bilbao-Aldaiturriaga N. The Role of the Dysregulation of Long Non-Coding and Circular RNA Expression in Medulloblastoma: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4686. [PMID: 37835380 PMCID: PMC10571996 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in childhood. Although recent multi-omic studies have led to advances in MB classification, there is still room for improvement with regard to treatment response and survival. Therefore, identification of new and less invasive biomarkers is needed to refine the diagnostic process and to develop more personalized treatment strategies. In this context, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) could be useful biomarkers for MB. In this article, we reviewed the role of two types of ncRNAs, long non-coding (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), as biomarkers for the diagnosis, subgroup classification, and prognosis of MB. We also reviewed potential candidates with specific functions and mechanisms of action in the disease. We performed a search in PubMed and Scopus using the terms ("long non coding RNAs" OR "lncRNAs") and ("circular RNAs" OR "circRNAs") AND "medulloblastoma" to identify biomarker discovery or functional studies evaluating the effects of these ncRNAs in MB. A total of 26 articles met the inclusion criteria. Among the lncRNAs, the tumorigenic effects of the upregulated lnc-IRX3-80 and lnc-LRRC47-78 were the most studied in MB. Among the circRNAs, the upregulation of circSKA3 and its functional impact in MB cell lines were the most consistent results, so this circRNA could be considered a potential biomarker in MB. Additional validation is required for many deregulated lncRNAs and circRNAs; therefore, further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Martinez de Estibariz
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (I.M.d.E.); (U.I.); (I.M.-G.)
| | - Anastasija Jakjimovska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Unai Illarregi
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (I.M.d.E.); (U.I.); (I.M.-G.)
| | - Idoia Martin-Guerrero
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (I.M.d.E.); (U.I.); (I.M.-G.)
- Pediatric Oncology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
| | - Angela Gutiérrez-Camino
- Pediatric Oncology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
| | - Elixabet Lopez-Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Pediatric Oncology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
| | - Nerea Bilbao-Aldaiturriaga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Pediatric Oncology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
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3
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R P, Yuwanati M, Sekaran S, M S. miRNA Associated With Glucose Transporters in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e46057. [PMID: 37900425 PMCID: PMC10605560 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignancy of the oral cavity with poor prognosis. Dysregulation in glycolytic pathways involving glucose transporters (GLUT) has been implicated in poor prognosis. Furthermore, GLUT expression in cancer cells is regulated by several miRNAs. However, there is a lack of data about miRNA involved in the regulation of GLUT in OSCC. The objective is to evaluate the role of miRNA in the regulation of GLUT in OSCC. Data sources include PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies evaluating the miRNA involved or associated with the regulation of GLUT in OSCC were included in the systematic review. Data pertaining to GLUT and associated miRNA expression were extracted from studies. Qualitative assessment was carried out for GLUT and miRNA. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. Ten study articles were included after analyzing 4675 papers. These studies evaluated the GLUT and miRNA expression between healthy and OSCC samples. There are variable expression patterns of GLUT in OSCC. Furthermore, it was dependent on miRNA. The GLUT1 and GLUT-3 were detected more frequently in OSCC, while no study reveals the expression of GLUT2, GLUT4, GLUT7, GLUT8, GLUT13, SGLT1, and SGLT2 with miRNA regulation. However, there was insufficient evidence on specific miRNA linked to GLUT1 or GLUT3 expression. There is evidence of the role of miRNA in the regulation of GLUT especially GLUT1 and GLUT3 in OSCC; however, a specific relation to miRNA was understudied. In the future, studies exploring a clearer understanding of the association between miRNA and the GLUT metabolic pathway in relation to OSCC are warranted. Furthermore, association of miRNA and GLUT with progression of disease, disease resistance, and prognosis is assessed for better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadharshini R
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Monal Yuwanati
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Saravanan Sekaran
- Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Senthilmurugan M
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Thomaidou AC, Batsaki P, Adamaki M, Goulielmaki M, Baxevanis CN, Zoumpourlis V, Fortis SP. Promising Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer: The Most Clinically Important miRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158257. [PMID: 35897831 PMCID: PMC9367895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors that extend from the oral cavity to the upper gastrointestinal tract. The principal etiologic factors for oral tumors include tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, while human papillomavirus (HPV) infections have been accused of a high incidence of pharyngeal tumors. Accordingly, HPV detection has been extensively used to categorize carcinomas of the head and neck. The diverse nature of HNC highlights the necessity for novel, sensitive, and precise biomarkers for the prompt diagnosis of the disease, its successful monitoring, and the timely prognosis of patient clinical outcomes. In this context, the identification of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) and/or the detection of alterations in their expression patterns, in a variety of somatic fluids and tissues, could serve as valuable biomarkers for precision oncology. In the present review, we summarize some of the most frequently studied miRNAs (including miR-21, -375, -99, -34a, -200, -31, -125a/b, -196a/b, -9, -181a, -155, -146a, -23a, -16, -29, and let-7), their role as biomarkers, and their implication in HNC pathogenesis. Moreover, we designate the potential of given miRNAs and miRNA signatures as novel diagnostic and prognostic tools for successful patient stratification. Finally, we discuss the currently ongoing clinical trials that aim to identify the diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic utility of miRNAs in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsinoe C. Thomaidou
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.C.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Panagiota Batsaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.C.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Constantin N. Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.C.T.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (V.Z.); (S.P.F.); Tel.: +30-210-727-3730 (V.Z.); +30-210-640-9462 (S.P.F.)
| | - Sotirios P. Fortis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece; (P.B.); (M.G.); (C.N.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.Z.); (S.P.F.); Tel.: +30-210-727-3730 (V.Z.); +30-210-640-9462 (S.P.F.)
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Qi H, Chen Z, Qin Y, Wang X, Zhang Z, Li Y. Tanshinone IIA inhibits cell growth by suppressing SIX1‑induced aerobic glycolysis in non‑small cell lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:184. [PMID: 35527783 PMCID: PMC9073574 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050041, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyi Chen
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Provincial Gucheng County Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei 253800, P.R. China
| | - Yuhuan Qin
- Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Hebei Provincial Gucheng County Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei 253800, P.R. China
| | - Xianlei Wang
- Department of Tuberculosis, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050041, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Technology and Education, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050041, P.R. China
| | - Yazhai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050041, P.R. China
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Ge J, Wang B, Zhao S, Xu J. Inhibition of lncRNA NEAT1 sensitizes medulloblastoma cells to cisplatin through modulating the miR-23a-3p-glutaminase (GLS) axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7670-7682. [PMID: 35313796 PMCID: PMC9208477 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2008695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a commonly occurring brain malignancy in adolescence. Currently, the combination of chemotherapy with subsequent irradiation is a regular therapeutic strategy. However, high dosage of chemotherapy is associated with drug resistance and side effects. The long non-coding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), which is frequently overexpressed in diverse human tumors, is correlated with worse survival rate in cancer patients. Currently, the precise roles of NEAT1 in MB and chemoresistance remain unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the biological functions of NEAT1 in cisplatin-resistant medulloblastoma. We report that NEAT1 was significantly upregulated in medulloblastoma patient specimens. Silencing NEAT1 significantly suppressed MB cell proliferation and sensitized MB cells to cisplatin. In cisplatin-resistant MB cell line, DAOY Cis R, NEAT1 expression, and glutamine metabolism were remarkably upregulated in cisplatin-resistant cells. Under low glutamine supply, cisplatin-resistant cells displayed increased cisplatin sensitivity. Bioinformatical analysis and luciferase assay uncovered that NEAT1 functions as a ceRNA of miR-23a-3p to downregulate its expressions in MB cells. Moreover, miR-23a-3p was apparently downregulated in MB patient tissues and cisplatin resistant MB cells. We identified GLS (glutaminase), a glutamine metabolism enzyme, was directly targeted by miR-23a-3p in MB cells. Rescue experiments demonstrated restoration of miR-23a-3p in NEAT1-overexpressing DAOY cisplatin resistant cells successfully overcame the NEAT1-promoted cisplatin resistance by targeting GLS. In general, our results revealed new molecular mechanisms for the lncRNA-NEAT1-mediated cisplatin sensitivity of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ge
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Baohong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiaju Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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7
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Li B, Li H, Dai L, Liu C, Wang L, Li Q, Gu C. NIK-SIX1 signalling axis regulates high glucose-induced endothelial cell dysfunction and inflammation. Autoimmunity 2022; 55:86-94. [PMID: 34894925 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2021.2015579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are the main manifestations of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. This paper studied the roles of NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) and sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) in regulating high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. The expression of NIK and SIX1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was silenced by transfection with the specific shRNAs. HUVECs exposed to high glucose were considered as a cell model of endothelial dysfunction. Expression of NIK and SIX1 following transfection was measured by qRT-PCR and western blotting analysis. The proliferation, migration, and inflammation of HUVECs were evaluated by EdU staining, scratch test, ELISA, and western blotting. High glucose (30 mM) significantly decreased the proliferation and migration of HUVECs. High glucose-induced the expression of adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Moreover, high glucose increased the release of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1. Transfection of cells with NIK shRNA significantly reversed the toxic effects of high glucose on HUVECs. Of contrast, SIX1 shRNA accelerated the effects of high glucose on HUVECs. NIK shRNA inhibited the accumulation of RelA, RelB, and p52. Meanwhile, NIK shRNA led to SIX1 downregulation which further induced the activation of the NF-κB pathway. NIK-SIX1 signalling axis was suggested to be critical in the regulation of high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. SIX1 may function as an immunological gatekeeper to control the excessive inflammation mediated by NIK in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiming Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Longsheng Dai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changcheng Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangshan Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengxiong Gu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Wu C, Zhu Q, Yao Y, Shi Z, Jin C, Chen L. Exosome miR-23a-3p From Osteoblast Alleviates Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Down-regulating KLF3-activated CCNL2 Transcription. Dev Neurosci 2021; 44:121-130. [PMID: 34937039 DOI: 10.1159/000521167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCIRI) is usually caused by spinal surgery or aortic aneurysm surgery and can eventually lead to paralysis or paraplegia and neurological dysfunction. Exosomes are considered as one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for SCIRI as they can pass the blood-spinal barrier. Previous studies have proved that exosomes secreted by osteocytes have a certain slowing effect on SCIRI. AIM We aimed to explore the effect of osteoblast secreted exosomes on SCIRI. METHODS Firstly, neurons and osteoblasts were co-cultured under different conditions. GEO database was utilized to detect the expression of miR-23a-3p in osteoblast exosomes. SCIRI cells were treated with exosomes, and the detection was taken to prove whether miR-23a-3p could slow the progression of SCIRI. Downstream gene and the potential regulatory mechanism were explored through database and functional experiments. RESULTS MiR-23a-3p was highly expressed in exosomes and it slowed down the process of SCIRI. Downstream mRNA KLF3 could bind to miR-23a-3p and was highly expressed in IRI. Moreover, CCNL2 was regulated by KLF3 and was highly expressed in IRI. Rescue experiments verified that miR-23a-3p suppressed the transcription of CCNL2 by targeting KLF3. CONCLUSION Exosome miR-23a-3p from osteoblast alleviates SCIRI by down-regulating KLF3-activated CCNL2 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wu
- Department of Hand Surgery and Plastic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Department of Hand Surgery and Plastic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Shi
- Department of Hand Surgery and Plastic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Jin
- Department of Hand Surgery and Plastic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery and Plastic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
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Rafiq A, Aashaq S, Jan I, Beigh MA. SIX1 transcription factor: A review of cellular functions and regulatory dynamics. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1151-1164. [PMID: 34742853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sine Oculis Homeobox 1 (SIX1) is a member of homeobox transcription factor family having pivotal roles in organismal development and differentiation. This protein functionally acts to regulate the expression of different proteins that are involved in organ development during embryogenesis and in disorders like cancer. Aberrant expression of this homeoprotein has therefore been reported in multiple pathological complexities like hearing impairment and renal anomalies during development and tumorigenesis in adult life. Most of the cellular effects mediated by it are mostly due to its role as a transcription factor. This review presents a concise narrative of its structure, interaction partners and cellular functions vis a vis its role in cancer. We thoroughly discuss the reported molecular mechanisms that govern its function in cellular milieu. Its post-translational regulation by phosphorylation and ubiquitination are also discussed with an emphasis on yet to be explored mechanistic insights regulating its molecular dynamics to fully comprehend its role in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Rafiq
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Campus, Srinagar JK-190006, India
| | - Sabreena Aashaq
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar JK-190011, India
| | - Iqra Jan
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Campus, Srinagar JK-190006, India
| | - Mushtaq A Beigh
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Campus, Srinagar JK-190006, India.
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Echeverría C, Nualart F, Ferrada L, Smith GJ, Godoy AS. Hexose Transporters in Cancer: From Multifunctionality to Diagnosis and Therapy. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:198-211. [PMID: 33518451 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells increase their metabolic activity by enhancing glucose uptake through overexpression of hexose transporters (Gluts). Gluts also have the capacity to transport other molecules besides glucose, including fructose, mannose, and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), the oxidized form of vitamin C. The majority of research studies in this field have focused on the role of glucose transport and metabolism in cancer, leaving a substantial gap in our knowledge of the contribution of other hexoses and DHA in cancer biology. Here, we summarize the most recent advances in understanding the role that the multifunctional transport capacity of Gluts plays in biological and clinical aspects of cancer, and how these characteristics can be exploited in the search for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Echeverría
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luciano Ferrada
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gary J Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro S Godoy
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile; Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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