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Ansari MA, Tripathi T, Venkidasamy B, Monziani A, Rajakumar G, Alomary MN, Alyahya SA, Onimus O, D'souza N, Barkat MA, Al-Suhaimi EA, Samynathan R, Thiruvengadam M. Multifunctional Nanocarriers for Alzheimer's Disease: Befriending the Barriers. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3042-3089. [PMID: 37966683 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) have been increasing in incidence in recent years and are now widespread worldwide. Neuronal death is defined as the progressive loss of neuronal structure or function which is closely associated with NDDs and represents the intrinsic features of such disorders. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases (AD, PD, and HD, respectively) are considered neurodegenerative diseases that affect a large number of people worldwide. Despite the testing of various drugs, there is currently no available therapy that can remedy or effectively slow the progression of these diseases. Nanomedicine has the potential to revolutionize drug delivery for the management of NDDs. The use of nanoparticles (NPs) has recently been developed to improve drug delivery efficiency and is currently subjected to extensive studies. Nanoengineered particles, known as nanodrugs, can cross the blood-brain barrier while also being less invasive compared to the most treatment strategies in use. Polymeric, magnetic, carbonic, and inorganic NPs are examples of NPs that have been developed to improve drug delivery efficiency. Primary research studies using NPs to cure AD are promising, but thorough research is needed to introduce these approaches to clinical use. In the present review, we discussed the role of metal-based NPs, polymeric nanogels, nanocarrier systems such as liposomes, solid lipid NPs, polymeric NPs, exosomes, quantum dots, dendrimers, polymersomes, carbon nanotubes, and nanofibers and surfactant-based systems for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we highlighted nanoformulations such as N-butyl cyanoacrylate, poly(butyl cyanoacrylate), D-penicillamine, citrate-coated peptide, magnetic iron oxide, chitosan (CS), lipoprotein, ceria, silica, metallic nanoparticles, cholinesterase inhibitors, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, metal chelators, anti-amyloid, protein, and peptide-loaded NPs for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takshashila Tripathi
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alan Monziani
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Govindasamy Rajakumar
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad N Alomary
- Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, 11442, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Alyahya
- Wellness and Preventive Medicine Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, 11442, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Oriane Onimus
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Naomi D'souza
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam A Al-Suhaimi
- Research Consultation Department, Vice Presidency for Scientific Research and Innovation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramkumar Samynathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Komane P, Kumar P, Choonara Y. Functionalised Carbon Nanotubes: Promising Drug Delivery Vehicles for Neurovascular Disorder Intervention. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:201. [PMID: 37783896 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular diseases are linked to the brain's blood vessels. These disorders are complicated to treat due to the strict selective characteristics of the blood-brain barrier. Consequently, the potency of the pharmacological treatments for these conditions is immensely diminished, leading to a rise in neurovascular-associated morbidity and mortality. Carbon nanotubes are regarded as essential nanoparticles with a promise of treating neurovascular disorders. Current findings have demonstrated the effectiveness of carbon nanotubes as vehicles for ferrying drugs to the site of interest. This review accentuates the theoretical utilisation of carbon nanotubes as drug nanocarriers equipped with the penetrating capability to the blood-brain barrier for treating neurovascular disorders such as ischemic stroke. The success of the carbon nanotube system may result in the development of a new and highly relevant drug delivery procedure. This review will also cover carbon nanotube functionalisation for applications in the biomedical fields, toxicity, in vitro and in vivo drugs and biomolecule delivery, and the future outlook of carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Komane
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Johannesburg, 2193, Parktown, South Africa
| | - Yahya Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Johannesburg, 2193, Parktown, South Africa
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Caffo M, Curcio A, Rajiv K, Caruso G, Venza M, Germanò A. Potential Role of Carbon Nanomaterials in the Treatment of Malignant Brain Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2575. [PMID: 37174040 PMCID: PMC10177363 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults up to an extent of 78% of all primary malignant brain tumors. However, total surgical resection is almost unachievable due to the considerable infiltrative ability of glial cells. The efficacy of current multimodal therapeutic strategies is, furthermore, limited by the lack of specific therapies against malignant cells, and, therefore, the prognosis of these in patients is still very unfavorable. The limitations of conventional therapies, which may result from inefficient delivery of the therapeutic or contrast agent to brain tumors, are major reasons for this unsolved clinical problem. The major problem in brain drug delivery is the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which limits the delivery of many chemotherapeutic agents. Nanoparticles, thanks to their chemical configuration, are able to go through the blood-brain barrier carrying drugs or genes targeted against gliomas. Carbon nanomaterials show distinct properties including electronic properties, a penetrating capability on the cell membrane, high drug-loading and pH-dependent therapeutic unloading capacities, thermal properties, a large surface area, and easy modification with molecules, which render them as suitable candidates for deliver drugs. In this review, we will focus on the potential effectiveness of the use of carbon nanomaterials in the treatment of malignant gliomas and discuss the current progress of in vitro and in vivo researches of carbon nanomaterials-based drug delivery to brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caffo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Neurosurgical Clinic, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Antonello Curcio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Neurosurgical Clinic, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Kumar Rajiv
- NIET, National Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi 110007, India
- University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Gerardo Caruso
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Neurosurgical Clinic, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Mario Venza
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Neurosurgical Clinic, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy (A.C.)
| | - Antonino Germanò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Neurosurgical Clinic, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy (A.C.)
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Képes Z, Barkóczi A, Szabó JP, Kálmán-Szabó I, Arató V, Jószai I, Deák Á, Kertész I, Hajdu I, Trencsényi G. In Vivo Preclinical Assessment of β-Amyloid-Affine [ 11C]C-PIB Accumulation in Aluminium-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-Resembling Hypercholesterinaemic Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213950. [PMID: 36430429 PMCID: PMC9695619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) excess and hypercholesterinaemia are established risks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to establish an AD-resembling hypercholesterinaemic animal model-with the involvement of 8 week and 48 week-old Fischer-344 rats-by Al administration for the safe and rapid verification of β-amyloid-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals. Measurement of lipid parameters and β-amyloid-affine [11C]C-Pittsburgh Compound B ([11C]C-PIB) PET examinations were performed. Compared with the control, the significantly elevated cholesterol and LDL levels of the rats receiving the cholesterol-rich diet support the development of hypercholesterinaemia (p ≤ 0.01). In the older cohort, a notably increased age-related radiopharmaceutical accumulation was registered compared to in the young (p ≤ 0.05; p ≤ 0.01). A monotherapy-induced slight elevation of mean standardised uptake values (SUVmean) was statistically not significant; however, adult rats administered a combined diet expressed remarkable SUVmean increment compared to the adult control (SUVmean: from 0.78 ± 0.16 to 1.99 ± 0.28). One and two months after restoration to normal diet, the cerebral [11C]C-PIB accumulation of AD-mimicking animals decreased by half and a third, respectively, to the baseline value. The proposed in vivo Al-induced AD-resembling animal system seems to be adequate for the understanding of AD neuropathology and future drug testing and radiopharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Képes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexandra Barkóczi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit P. Szabó
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Kálmán-Szabó
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Arató
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Jószai
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Deák
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Kertész
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Hajdu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Xie J, Zhang L, Liu Z, Ling G, Zhang P. Application of electrochemical sensors based on nanomaterials modifiers in the determination of antipsychotics. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 214:112442. [PMID: 35278857 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
At present, the content of antipsychotics in samples is always analyzed by traditional detection methods, including mass spectrometry (MS), spectrophotometry, fluorescence, capillary electrophoresis (CE). However, conventional methods are cumbersome and complex, require a large sample volume, many pre-processing steps, long analysis cycles, expensive instruments, and need well-trained detection capabilities personnel. In addition, patients with schizophrenia require frequent and painful blood collection procedures, which adds additional treatment costs and time burdens. In view of these factors, electrochemical methods have become the most promising candidate technology for timely analysis due to their low cost, simple operation, excellent sensitivity and specificity. As we all know, nanomaterials play an extremely important role in electrochemical sensing applications. As the sensor modifiers, nanomaterials enable electrochemical analysis to overcome the time-consuming and labor-intensive shortcomings of traditional detection methods, and greatly reduce the research cost. Nanomaterials modified electrodes can be used as sensors to determine the concentration of antipsychotics in organisms quickly and accurately, which is a bright spot in the application of nanomaterials. The combination of different nanomaterials can even form a nanocomposite with a synergistic effect. This paper firstly reviews the application of nanomaterials-modified sensors on the basis of research in the past ten years, reviews the use of nanomaterial-modified sensors to quickly and accurately determine the concentration of antipsychotics in biological samples, and demonstrates a new idea of using nanomaterials sensors for drug monitoring and determination. At the end of this review, a brief overview is given of the limitations and the future prospects of nanomaterial sensors for the determination of antipsychotics concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Xie
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhiling Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guixia Ling
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Poustforoosh A, Nematollahi MH, Hashemipour H, Pardakhty A. Recent advances in Bio-conjugated nanocarriers for crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier in (pre-)clinical studies with an emphasis on vesicles. J Control Release 2022; 343:777-797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Mezzasalma SA, Grassi L, Grassi M. Physical and chemical properties of carbon nanotubes in view of mechanistic neuroscience investigations. Some outlook from condensed matter, materials science and physical chemistry. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112480. [PMID: 34857266 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The open border between non-living and living matter, suggested by increasingly emerging fields of nanoscience interfaced to biological systems, requires a detailed knowledge of nanomaterials properties. An account of the wide spectrum of phenomena, belonging to physical chemistry of interfaces, materials science, solid state physics at the nanoscale and bioelectrochemistry, thus is acquainted for a comprehensive application of carbon nanotubes interphased with neuron cells. This review points out a number of conceptual tools to further address the ongoing advances in coupling neuronal networks with (carbon) nanotube meshworks, and to deepen the basic issues that govern a biological cell or tissue interacting with a nanomaterial. Emphasis is given here to the properties and roles of carbon nanotube systems at relevant spatiotemporal scales of individual molecules, junctions and molecular layers, as well as to the point of view of a condensed matter or materials scientist. Carbon nanotube interactions with blood-brain barrier, drug delivery, biocompatibility and functionalization issues are also regarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano A Mezzasalma
- Ruder Bošković Institute, Materials Physics Division, Bijeniška cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Lund Institute for advanced Neutron and X-ray Science (LINXS), Lund University, IDEON Building, Delta 5, Scheelevägen 19, 223 70 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lucia Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Rahamathulla M, Bhosale RR, Osmani RAM, Mahima KC, Johnson AP, Hani U, Ghazwani M, Begum MY, Alshehri S, Ghoneim MM, Shakeel F, Gangadharappa HV. Carbon Nanotubes: Current Perspectives on Diverse Applications in Targeted Drug Delivery and Therapies. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6707. [PMID: 34772234 PMCID: PMC8588285 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Current discoveries as well as research findings on various types of carbon nanostructures have inspired research into their utilization in a number of fields. These carbon nanostructures offer uses in pharmacy, medicine and different therapies. One such unique carbon nanostructure includes carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are one-dimensional allotropes of carbon nanostructure that can have a length-to-diameter ratio greater than 1,000,000. After their discovery, CNTs have drawn extensive research attention due to their excellent material properties. Their physical, chemical and electronic properties are excellent and their composites provide great possibilities for enormous nanometer applications. The current study provides a systematic review based on prior literature review and data gathered from various sources. The various research studies from many research labs and organizations were systematically retrieved, collected, compiled and written. The entire collection and compilation of this review concluded the use of CNT approaches and their efficacy and safety for the treatment of various diseases such as brain tumors or cancer via nanotechnology-based drug delivery, phototherapy, gene therapy, antiviral therapy, antifungal therapy, antibacterial therapy and other biomedical applications. The current review covers diverse applications of CNTs in designing a range of targeted drug delivery systems and application for various therapies. It concludes with a discussion on how CNTs based medicines can expand in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rahamathulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.); (U.H.); (M.G.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Rohit R. Bhosale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Krishna Institute of Pharmacy, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences “Deemed To Be University”, Karad 415539, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Riyaz A. M. Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (R.A.M.O.); (K.C.M.); (A.P.J.)
| | - Kasturi C. Mahima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (R.A.M.O.); (K.C.M.); (A.P.J.)
| | - Asha P. Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (R.A.M.O.); (K.C.M.); (A.P.J.)
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.); (U.H.); (M.G.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Mohammed Ghazwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.); (U.H.); (M.G.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Mohammed Y. Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.); (U.H.); (M.G.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Hosahalli V. Gangadharappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (R.A.M.O.); (K.C.M.); (A.P.J.)
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Guimarães ATB, Malafaia G. Multiple toxicity endpoints induced by carbon nanofibers in Amazon turtle juveniles: Outspreading warns about toxicological risks to reptiles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146514. [PMID: 34030253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNs) has been observed in different organisms; however, little is known about the impact of water polluted with carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on reptiles. Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess the chronic effects (7.5 months) of 1 and 10 mg/L of CNF on Podocnemis expansa (Amazon turtle) juveniles (4 months old) based on different biomarkers. Increased total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations observed in the liver and brain (which suggests CNF uptake) were closely correlated to changes in REDOX systems of turtles exposed to CNFs, mainly to higher nitrite, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels. Increased levels of antioxidants such as total glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase in the exposed animals were also observed. The uptake of CNFs and the observed biochemical changes were associated with higher frequency of erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (assessed through micronucleus assays), as well as with both damage in erythrocyte DNA (assessed through comet assays) and higher apoptosis and necrosis rates in erythrocytes of exposed turtles. Cerebral and hepatic acetylcholinesterase (AChE) increased in turtles exposed to CNFs, and this finding suggested the neurotoxic effect of these nanomaterials. Data in the current study reinforced the toxic potential of CNFs and evidenced the biochemical, mutagenic, genotoxic, cytotoxic, and neurotoxic effects of CNFs on P. expansa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraão Tiago Batista Guimarães
- Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Goiano Federal Institute and Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil; Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urataí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Goiano Federal Institute and Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil; Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urataí Campus, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation of Natural Resources, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Singh AV, Chandrasekar V, Janapareddy P, Mathews DE, Laux P, Luch A, Yang Y, Garcia-Canibano B, Balakrishnan S, Abinahed J, Al Ansari A, Dakua SP. Emerging Application of Nanorobotics and Artificial Intelligence To Cross the BBB: Advances in Design, Controlled Maneuvering, and Targeting of the Barriers. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1835-1853. [PMID: 34008957 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a prime focus for clinicians to maintain the homeostatic function in health and deliver the theranostics in brain cancer and number of neurological diseases. The structural hierarchy and in situ biochemical signaling of BBB neurovascular unit have been primary targets to recapitulate into the in vitro modules. The microengineered perfusion systems and development in 3D cellular and organoid culture have given a major thrust to BBB research for neuropharmacology. In this review, we focus on revisiting the nanoparticles based bimolecular engineering to enable them to maneuver, control, target, and deliver the theranostic payloads across cellular BBB as nanorobots or nanobots. Subsequently we provide a brief outline of specific case studies addressing the payload delivery in brain tumor and neurological disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, etc.). In addition, we also address the opportunities and challenges across the nanorobots' development and design. Finally, we address how computationally powered machine learning (ML) tools and artificial intelligence (AI) can be partnered with robotics to predict and design the next generation nanorobots to interact and deliver across the BBB without causing damage, toxicity, or malfunctions. The content of this review could be references to multidisciplinary science to clinicians, roboticists, chemists, and bioengineers involved in cutting-edge pharmaceutical design and BBB research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Poonam Janapareddy
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), 3050 Doha, Qatar
| | - Divya Elsa Mathews
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), 3050 Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yin Yang
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), 24404 Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Julien Abinahed
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), 3050 Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulla Al Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), 3050 Doha, Qatar
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11
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Recent Advances in the Use of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles Against Glioblastoma Multiforme. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:8. [PMID: 33772646 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. Although the overall incidence is less than 10 per 100,000 individuals, its poor prognosis and low survival rate make GBM a crucial public health issue. The main challenges for GBM treatment are related to tumor location and its complex and heterogeneous biology. In this sense, a broad range of nanoparticles with different sizes, architectures, and surface properties, have been engineered as brain drug delivery systems. Among them, lipid-based nanoparticles, such as liposomes, have been pointed out as promising materials to deliver antitumoral drugs to the central nervous system and thus, to improve brain drug targeting and therapeutic efficiency. Here, we describe the synthesis and general characteristics of lipid-based nanoparticles, as well as evidence in the past 5 years regarding their potential use to treat GBM.
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12
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Vinod C, Jena S. Nano-Neurotheranostics: Impact of Nanoparticles on Neural Dysfunctions and Strategies to Reduce Toxicity for Improved Efficacy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:612692. [PMID: 33841144 PMCID: PMC8033012 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.612692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotheranostics is one of the emerging research areas in the field of nanobiotechnology offering exciting promises for diagnosis, bio-separation, imaging mechanisms, hyperthermia, phototherapy, chemotherapy, drug delivery, gene delivery, among other uses. The major criteria for any nanotheranostic-materials is 1) to interact with proteins and cells without meddling with their basic activities, 2) to maintain their physical properties after surface modifications and 3) must be nontoxic. One of the challenging targets for nanotheranostics is the nervous system with major hindrances from the neurovascular units, the functional units of blood-brain barrier. As blood-brain barrier is crucial for protecting the CNS from toxins and metabolic fluctuations, most of the synthetic nanomaterials cannot pass through this barrier making it difficult for diagnosing or targeting the cells. Biodegradable nanoparticles show a promising role in this aspect. Certain neural pathologies have compromised barrier creating a path for most of the nanoparticles to enter into the cells. However, such carriers may pose a risk of side effects to non-neural tissues and their toxicity needs to be elucidated at preclinical levels. This article reviews about the different types of nanotheranostic strategies applied in nervous dysfunctions. Further, the side effects of these carriers are reviewed and appropriate methods to test the toxicity of such nano-carriers are suggested to improve the effectiveness of nano-carrier based diagnosis and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiluka Vinod
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Srikanta Jena
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, India
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13
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Zare H, Ahmadi S, Ghasemi A, Ghanbari M, Rabiee N, Bagherzadeh M, Karimi M, Webster TJ, Hamblin MR, Mostafavi E. Carbon Nanotubes: Smart Drug/Gene Delivery Carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1681-1706. [PMID: 33688185 PMCID: PMC7936533 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s299448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (such as their high surface to volume ratios, enhanced conductivity and strength, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, optical properties, etc.) have led to their consideration to serve as novel drug and gene delivery carriers. CNTs are effectively taken up by many different cell types through several mechanisms. CNTs have acted as carriers of anticancer molecules (including docetaxel (DTX), doxorubicin (DOX), methotrexate (MTX), paclitaxel (PTX), and gemcitabine (GEM)), anti-inflammatory drugs, osteogenic dexamethasone (DEX) steroids, etc. In addition, the unique optical properties of CNTs have led to their use in a number of platforms for improved photo-therapy. Further, the easy surface functionalization of CNTs has prompted their use to deliver different genes, such as plasmid DNA (PDNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and small interfering RNA (siRNA) as gene delivery vectors for various diseases such as cancers. However, despite all of these promises, the most important continuous concerns raised by scientists reside in CNT nanotoxicology and the environmental effects of CNTs, mostly because of their non-biodegradable state. Despite a lack of widespread FDA approval, CNTs have been studied for decades and plenty of in vivo and in vitro reports have been published, which are reviewed here. Lastly, this review covers the future research necessary for the field of CNT medicine to grow even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Zare
- Advances Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Science and Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Engineering, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Ghanbari
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, MA, Iran
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, MA, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, MA, Iran
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Majdoub S, Garda Z, Oliveira AC, Relich I, Pallier A, Lacerda S, Hureau C, Geraldes CFGC, Morfin JF, Tóth É. Concentration-Dependent Interactions of Amphiphilic PiB Derivative Metal Complexes with Amyloid Peptides Aβ and Amylin*. Chemistry 2021; 27:2009-2020. [PMID: 33026686 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Metal chelates targeted to amyloid peptides are widely explored as diagnostic tools or therapeutic agents. The attachment of a metal complex to amyloid recognition units typically leads to a decrease in peptide affinity. We show here that by separating a macrocyclic GdL chelate and a PiB targeting unit with a long hydrophobic C10 linker, it is possible to attain nanomolar affinities for both Aβ1-40 (Kd =4.4 nm) and amylin (Kd =4.5 nm), implicated, respectively in Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. The Scatchard analysis of surface plasmon resonance data obtained for a series of amphiphilic, PiB derivative GdL complexes indicate that their Aβ1-40 or amylin binding affinity varies with their concentration, thus micellar aggregation state. The GdL chelates also affect peptide aggregation kinetics, as probed by thioflavin-T fluorescence assays. A 2D NMR study allowed identifying that the hydrophilic region of Aβ1-40 is involved in the interaction between the monomer peptide and the Gd3+ complex. Finally, ex vivo biodistribution experiments were conducted in healthy mice by using 111 In labeled analogues. Their pancreatic uptake, ∼3 %ID g-1 , is promising to envisage amylin imaging in diabetic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Majdoub
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Zoltán Garda
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alexandre C Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inga Relich
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Pallier
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Sara Lacerda
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, France
| | | | - Carlos F G C Geraldes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-393, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBIT/ICNAS-Instituto de Ciências Nucleares Aplicadas à Saúde, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jean-François Morfin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Éva Tóth
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, France
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15
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Siafaka PI, Okur NÜ, Karantas ID, Okur ME, Gündoğdu EA. Current update on nanoplatforms as therapeutic and diagnostic tools: A review for the materials used as nanotheranostics and imaging modalities. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 16:24-46. [PMID: 33613728 PMCID: PMC7878458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the use of nanotheranostics as emerging diagnostic and therapeutic tools for various diseases, especially cancer, is held great attention. Up to date, several approaches have been employed in order to develop smart nanotheranostics, which combine bioactive targeting on specific tissues as well as diagnostic properties. The nanotheranostics can deliver therapeutic agents by concomitantly monitor the therapy response in real-time. Consequently, the possibility of over- or under-dosing is decreased. Various non-invasive imaging techniques have been used to quantitatively monitor the drug delivery processes. Radiolabeling of nanomaterials is widely used as powerful diagnostic approach on nuclear medicine imaging. In fact, various radiolabeled nanomaterials have been designed and developed for imaging tumors and other lesions due to their efficient characteristics. Inorganic nanoparticles as gold, silver, silica based nanomaterials or organic nanoparticles as polymers, carbon based nanomaterials, liposomes have been reported as multifunctional nanotheranostics. In this review, the imaging modalities according to their use in various diseases are summarized, providing special details for radiolabeling. In further, the most current nanotheranostics categorized via the used nanomaterials are also summed up. To conclude, this review can be beneficial for medical and pharmaceutical society as well as material scientists who work in the field of nanotheranostics since they can use this research as guide for producing newer and more efficient nanotheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panoraia I. Siafaka
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ioannis D. Karantas
- 2nd Clinic of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mehmet Evren Okur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Oliveira AC, Costa T, Justino LLG, Fausto R, Morfin JF, Tóth É, Geraldes CFGC, Burrows HD. Photophysical studies on lanthanide(III) chelates conjugated to Pittsburgh compound B as luminescent probes targeted to Aβ amyloid aggregates. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1522-1537. [PMID: 32966544 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes of DOTAGA and DO3A-monoamide conjugates of the Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) chromophore, prepared using linkers of different lengths and flexibilities, and which form stable negatively charged (LnL1), and uncharged (LnL2) complexes, respectively, were studied as potential probes for optical detection of amyloid aggregates. The phenylbenzothiazole (PiB) moiety absorbs light at wavelengths longer than 330 nm with a high molar absorption coefficient in both probes, and acts as an antenna in these systems. The presence of the luminescent Ln3+ ion quenches the excited states of PiB through an energy transfer process from the triplet state of PiB to the metal centre, and structured emission is seen from Eu3+ and Tb3+. The luminescence study indicates the presence of a 5D4 → T1 back transfer process in the Tb3+ complexes. It also provides insights on structural properties of the Eu3+ complexes, such as the high symmetry environment of the Eu3+ ion in a single macrocyclic conformation and the presence of one water molecule in its inner coordination sphere. The overall quantum yield of luminescence of EuL1 is higher than for EuL2. However, their low values reflect the low overall sensitization efficiency of the energy transfer process, which is a consequence of the large distances between the metal center and the antenna, especially in the EuL2 complex. DFT calculations confirmed that the most stable conformation of the Eu3+ complexes involves a combination of a square antiprismatic (SAP) geometry of the chelate and an extended conformation of the linker. The large calculated average distances between the metal center and the antenna point to the predominance of the Förster energy transfer mechanism, especially for EuL2. This study provides insights into the behavior of amyloid-targeted Ln3+ complexes as optical probes, and contributes towards their rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre C Oliveira
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Telma Costa
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Licinia L G Justino
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Rui Fausto
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Jean-François Morfin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Éva Tóth
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Carlos F G C Geraldes
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal. and University of Coimbra, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-393 Coimbra, Portugal. and CIBIT/ICNAS - Instituto de Ciências Nucleares Aplicadas à Saúde, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hugh D Burrows
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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17
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Skwarecki AS, Nowak MG, Milewska MJ. Synthetic strategies in construction of organic macromolecular carrier-drug conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5764-5783. [PMID: 32677650 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01101k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many metabolic inhibitors, considered potential antimicrobial or anticancer drug candidates, exhibit very limited ability to cross the biological membranes of target cells. The restricted cellular penetration of those molecules is often due to their highhydrophilicity. One of the possible solutions to this problem is a conjugation of an inhibitor with a molecular organic nanocarrier. The conjugate thus formed should be able to penetrate the membrane(s) by direct translocation, endocytosis or active transport mechanisms and once internalized, the active component could reach its intracellular target, either after release from the conjugate or in an intact form. Several such nanocarriers have been proposed so far, including macromolecular systems, carbon nanotubes and dendrimers. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the current status of rational design and synthesis of macromolecular organic nanocarrier-drug conjugates, with special attention focused on the mode of coupling of a nanocarrier moiety with a "cargo" molecule through linking fragments of non-cleavable or cleavable type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S Skwarecki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Michał G Nowak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria J Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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18
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Henna TK, Raphey VR, Sankar R, Ameena Shirin VK, Gangadharappa HV, Pramod K. Carbon nanostructures: The drug and the delivery system for brain disorders. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119701. [PMID: 32736018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders and brain tumors are major pathological conditions affecting the brain. The delivery of therapeutic agents into the brain is not as easy as to other organs or systems. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) makes the drug delivery into the brain more complicated and challenging. Many techniques have been developed to overcome the difficulties with BBB and to achieve brain-targeted drug delivery. Incorporation of the drugs into nanocarriers capable to penetrate BBB is a simple technique. Different nanocarriers have been developed including polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles, etc. Carbon nanostructures could make a superior position among them, because of their good biocompatibility and easy penetration of BBB. Carbon-family nanomaterials consist of different carbon-based structures including zero-dimensional fullerene, one-dimensional carbon nanotube, two-dimensional graphene, and some other related structures like carbon dots and nanodiamonds. They can be used as efficient carriers for drug delivery into the brain. Apart from the drug delivery applications, they can also be used as a central nervous system (CNS) therapeutic agent; some of the carbon nanostructures have neuroregenerative activity. Their influence on neuronal growth and anti-amyloid action is also interesting. This review focuses on different carbon nanostructures for brain-targeted drug delivery and their CNS activities. As a carrier and CNS therapeutic agent, carbon nanostructures can revolutionize the treatment of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Henna
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College, Kozhikode 673008, Kerala, India
| | - V R Raphey
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College, Kozhikode 673008, Kerala, India
| | - Renu Sankar
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College, Kozhikode 673008, Kerala, India
| | - V K Ameena Shirin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College, Kozhikode 673008, Kerala, India
| | - H V Gangadharappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru 570015, India.
| | - K Pramod
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College, Kozhikode 673008, Kerala, India.
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Islam Y, Leach AG, Smith J, Pluchino S, Coxonl CR, Sivakumaran M, Downing J, Fatokun AA, Teixidò M, Ehtezazi T. Peptide based drug delivery systems to the brain. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ab9008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Negri V, Pacheco-Torres J, Calle D, López-Larrubia P. Carbon Nanotubes in Biomedicine. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:15. [PMID: 31938922 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, biomaterials have become a crucial element in numerous biomedical, preclinical, and clinical applications. The use of nanoparticles entails a great potential in these fields mainly because of the high ratio of surface atoms that modify the physicochemical properties and increases the chemical reactivity. Among them, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a powerful tool to improve biomedical approaches in the management of numerous diseases. CNTs have an excellent ability to penetrate cell membranes, and the sp2 hybridization of all carbons enables their functionalization with almost every biomolecule or compound, allowing them to target cells and deliver drugs under the appropriate environmental stimuli. Besides, in the new promising field of artificial biomaterial generation, nanotubes are studied as the load in nanocomposite materials, improving their mechanical and electrical properties, or even for direct use as scaffolds in body tissue manufacturing. Nevertheless, despite their beneficial contributions, some major concerns need to be solved to boost the clinical development of CNTs, including poor solubility in water, low biodegradability and dispersivity, and toxicity problems associated with CNTs' interaction with biomolecules in tissues and organs, including the possible effects in the proteome and genome. This review performs a wide literature analysis to present the main and latest advances in the optimal design and characterization of carbon nanotubes with biomedical applications, and their capacities in different areas of preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Negri
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Jesús Pacheco-Torres
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Calle
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, c/Dr. Esquerdo 56, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar López-Larrubia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", CSIC-UAM, c/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Gopalan D, Pandey A, Udupa N, Mutalik S. Receptor specific, stimuli responsive and subcellular targeted approaches for effective therapy of Alzheimer: Role of surface engineered nanocarriers. J Control Release 2019; 319:183-200. [PMID: 31866505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present review deals in-depth with the current application of nanotechnology in targeting the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. This review further focuses on the surface modification of the nanocarriers using antibody, aptamers, proteins and peptides for specific targeting in the brain by overcoming the biological barriers such as blood brain barrier. The stimuli responsive/pulsatile drug delivery nanoplatforms using stimuli such as pH, temperature, photo-thermal, reactive oxygen species, ultrasonic stimulation and electrical stimulation, which help to create a micro-environment to either trigger the site-specific drug release from the nanoplatform or to reduce the disease burden in the brain, have been discussed. The targeting of nanoplatforms to sub-cellular compartments such as mitochondria, nuclei, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus and lysosomes along with receptor specific interactions such as such folate, lactoferrin, transferrin, insulin and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors has been included to give reader an idea about strategies to enhance cellular co-localization and receptor based targeting of nanoparticles to enhance efficacy of delivery platform. This article describes the various type of nanoplatforms which include lipidic nanoplatforms, polymeric nanoplatforms, inorganic nanoplatforms (metallic nanocarriers, quantum dots, ceramic based nanocarriers), carbon based nanocarriers and cell derived or biomimetic (exosomes and virus based) nanoplatforms, to either deliver the active ingredient or to themselves target the Alzheimer's disease pathology. Thus the review gives a detailed insight of all the recent research studies carried out using nanotechnology in the field of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gopalan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Research, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Research, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nayanabhirama Udupa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Research, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Research, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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22
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Analyzing Nanotheraputics-Based Approaches for the Management of Psychotic Disorders. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3757-3768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Pharmacological and toxicological aspects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to vascular system: A review. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 385:114801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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24
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Gonzalez-Carter D, Goode AE, Kiryushko D, Masuda S, Hu S, Lopes-Rodrigues R, Dexter DT, Shaffer MSP, Porter AE. Quantification of blood-brain barrier transport and neuronal toxicity of unlabelled multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a function of surface charge. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22054-22069. [PMID: 31720664 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02866h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) will greatly advance the delivery of therapies against brain disorders. Carbon nanotubes hold great potential as delivery vehicles due to their high aspect-ratio and cell-penetrating ability. Studies have shown multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) cross the BBB, however they have largely relied on labelling methods to track and quantify transport, or on individual electron microscopy images to qualitatively assess transcytosis. Therefore, new direct and quantitative methods, using well-defined and unlabelled MWCNT, are needed to compare BBB translocation of different MWCNT types. Using highly controlled anionic (-), cationic (+) and non-ionic (0) functionalized MWCNT (fMWCNT), we correlate UV-visible spectroscopy with quantitative transmission electron microscopy, quantified from c. 270 endothelial cells, to examine cellular uptake, BBB transport and neurotoxicity of unlabelled fMWCNT. Our results demonstrate that: (i) a large fraction of cationic and non-ionic, but not anionic fMWCNT become trapped at the luminal brain endothelial cell membrane; (ii) despite high cell association, fMWCNT uptake by brain endothelial cells is low (<1.5% ID) and does not correlate with BBB translocation, (iii) anionic fMWCNT have highest transport levels across an in vitro model of the human BBB compared to non-ionic or cationic nanotubes; and (iv) fMWCNT are not toxic to hippocampal neurons at relevant abluminal concentrations; however, fMWCNT charge has an effect on carbon nanotube neurotoxicity at higher fMWCNT concentrations. This quantitative combination of microscopy and spectroscopy, with cellular assays, provides a crucial strategy to predict brain penetration efficiency and neurotoxicity of unlabelled MWCNT and other nanoparticle technologies relevant to human health.
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Teleanu DM, Chircov C, Grumezescu AM, Volceanov A, Teleanu RI. Contrast Agents Delivery: An Up-to-Date Review of Nanodiagnostics in Neuroimaging. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E542. [PMID: 30987211 PMCID: PMC6523665 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging is a highly important field of neuroscience, with direct implications for the early diagnosis and progression monitoring of brain-associated diseases. Neuroimaging techniques are categorized into structural, functional and molecular neuroimaging, each possessing advantages and disadvantages in terms of resolution, invasiveness, toxicity of contrast agents and costs. Nanotechnology-based approaches for neuroimaging mostly involve the development of nanocarriers for incorporating contrast agents or the use of nanomaterials as imaging agents. Inorganic and organic nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, nanobodies and quantum dots are some of the most studied candidates for the delivery of contrast agents for neuroimaging. This paper focuses on describing the conventional modalities used for imaging and the applications of nanotechnology for developing novel strategies for neuroimaging. The aim is to highlight the roles of nanocarriers for enhancing and/or overcome the limitations associated with the most commonly utilized neuroimaging modalities. For future directions, several techniques that could benefit from the increased contrast induced by using imaging probes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mihai Teleanu
- Emergency University Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cristina Chircov
- Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
- ICUB - Research Institute of University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 36-46 M. Kogalniceanu Blvd., Bucharest 050107, Romania.
| | - Adrian Volceanov
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Raluca Ioana Teleanu
- "Victor Gomoiu" Clinical Children's Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
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Raphey VR, Henna TK, Nivitha KP, Mufeedha P, Sabu C, Pramod K. Advanced biomedical applications of carbon nanotube. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:616-630. [PMID: 30948098 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
With advances in nanotechnology, the applications of nanomaterial are developing widely and greatly. The characteristic properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them the most selective candidate for various multi-functional applications. The greater surface area of the CNTs in addition to the capability to manipulate the surfaces and dimensions has provided greater potential for this nanomaterial. The CNTs possess greater potential for applications in biomedicine due to their vital electrical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. The unique properties of CNT are exploited for numerous applications in the biomedical field. They are useful in both therapeutic and diagnostic applications. They form novel carrier systems which are also capable of site-specific delivery of therapeutic agents. In addition, CNTs are of potential application in biosensing. Many recently reported advanced systems of CNT could be exploited for their immense potential in biomedicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Raphey
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - T K Henna
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - K P Nivitha
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - P Mufeedha
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Chinnu Sabu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - K Pramod
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India.
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Teleanu DM, Chircov C, Grumezescu AM, Teleanu RI. Neuronanomedicine: An Up-to-Date Overview. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E101. [PMID: 30813646 PMCID: PMC6471564 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of neuronanomedicine has recently emerged as the bridge between neurological sciences and nanotechnology. The possibilities of this novel perspective are promising for the diagnosis and treatment strategies of severe central nervous system disorders. Therefore, the development of nano-vehicles capable of permeating the blood⁻brain barrier (BBB) and reaching the brain parenchyma may lead to breakthrough therapies that could improve life expectancy and quality of the patients diagnosed with brain disorders. The aim of this review is to summarize the recently developed organic, inorganic, and biological nanocarriers that could be used for the delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents to the brain, as well as the latest studies on the use of nanomaterials in brain cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and stroke. Additionally, the main challenges and limitations associated with the use of these nanocarriers are briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mihai Teleanu
- Emergency University Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cristina Chircov
- Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060042Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060042Bucharest, Romania.
- ICUB-Research Institute of University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 36-46 M. Kogalniceanu Blvd., 050107 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Raluca Ioana Teleanu
- "Dr. Victor Gomoiu" Clinical Children's Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
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Volpedo G, Costa L, Ryan N, Halsey G, Satoskar A, Oghumu S. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for the treatment of neglected tropical protozoan diseases. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2019; 25:e144118. [PMID: 31130996 PMCID: PMC6483407 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-1441-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) comprise of a group of seventeen infectious
conditions endemic in many developing countries. Among these diseases are three
of protozoan origin, namely leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and African
trypanosomiasis, caused by the parasites Leishmania spp.,
Trypanosoma cruzi, and Trypanosoma brucei
respectively. These diseases have their own unique challenges which are
associated with the development of effective prevention and treatment methods.
Collectively, these parasitic diseases cause more deaths worldwide than all
other NTDs combined. Moreover, many current therapies for these diseases are
limited in their efficacy, possessing harmful or potentially fatal side effects
at therapeutic doses. It is therefore imperative that new treatment strategies
for these parasitic diseases are developed. Nanoparticulate drug delivery
systems have emerged as a promising area of research in the therapy and
prevention of NTDs. These delivery systems provide novel mechanisms for targeted
drug delivery within the host, maximizing therapeutic effects while minimizing
systemic side effects. Currently approved drugs may also be repackaged using
these delivery systems, allowing for their potential use in NTDs of protozoan
origin. Current research on these novel delivery systems has provided insight
into possible indications, with evidence demonstrating their improved ability to
specifically target pathogens, penetrate barriers within the host, and reduce
toxicity with lower dose regimens. In this review, we will examine current
research on these delivery systems, focusing on applications in the treatment of
leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and African trypanosomiasis. Nanoparticulate
systems present a unique therapeutic alternative through the repositioning of
existing medications and directed drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Volpedo
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Ohio State University, Department of Microbiology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lourena Costa
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Nathan Ryan
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gregory Halsey
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Abhay Satoskar
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Ohio State University, Department of Microbiology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Sharma M, Dube T, Chibh S, Kour A, Mishra J, Panda JJ. Nanotheranostics, a future remedy of neurological disorders. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:113-128. [PMID: 30572726 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1562443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective therapy of various neurological disorders is hindered on account of the failure of various therapeutics crossing blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Nanotheranostics has emerged as a cutting-edge unconventional theranostic nanomedicine, capable of realizing accurate diagnosis together with effective and targeted delivery of therapeutics across BBB to the unhealthy regions of the brain for potential clinical success. AREAS COVERED We have tried to review the current status of nanotheranostic based approaches followed to manage neurological disorders. The focus has been majorly laid on to explore various theranostic nanoparticles and their application potential towards image-guided neurotherapies. Additionally, the usefulness of exceptional diagnostic, imaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence imaging are being discussed by highlighting their promising opportunities in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of the neurological disorders. EXPERT OPINION Inimitable diagnostic and therapeutic potential of nanotheranostics have accomplished the aim of personalized therapies by governing the therapeutic efficacy of the system along with facilitating patient pre-selection grounded on non-invasive imaging, thereby predicting the responses of patients to nanomedicine treatments. While these accomplishments are encouraging, they are still the minority and demands for a continuous effort to improve sensitivity and precision in screening/diagnosis along with improving therapeutic efficacy in various neural disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Sharma
- a Institute of Nano Science and Technology , Mohali , India
| | - Taru Dube
- a Institute of Nano Science and Technology , Mohali , India
| | - Sonika Chibh
- a Institute of Nano Science and Technology , Mohali , India
| | - Avneet Kour
- a Institute of Nano Science and Technology , Mohali , India
| | - Jibanananda Mishra
- b School of Bioengineering and Biosciences , Lovely Professional University , Phagwara , India
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Nanodelivery systems for overcoming limited transportation of therapeutic molecules through the blood-brain barrier. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2659-2674. [PMID: 30499740 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the impermeable structure and barrier function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the delivery of therapeutic molecules into the CNS is extremely limited. Nanodelivery systems are regarded as the most effective and versatile carriers for the CNS, as they can transport cargo molecules across the BBB via various mechanisms. This review emphasizes the multi-functionalization strategies of nanodelivery systems and combinatorial approaches for the delivery of therapeutic drugs and genes into the CNS. The characteristics and functions of the BBB and underlying mechanisms of molecular translocation across the BBB are also described.
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Singh V, Krishan P, Shri R. Amelioration of ischaemia reperfusion-induced cerebral injury in mice by liposomes containing Allium cepa fraction administered intranasally. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S982-S992. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1523181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
- Maharaja Agrasen School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan Krishan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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