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Karimbayli J, Pellarin I, Belletti B, Baldassarre G. Insights into the structural and functional activities of forgotten Kinases: PCTAIREs CDKs. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:135. [PMID: 38951876 PMCID: PMC11218289 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In cells, signal transduction heavily relies on the intricate regulation of protein kinases, which provide the fundamental framework for modulating most signaling pathways. Dysregulation of kinase activity has been implicated in numerous pathological conditions, particularly in cancer. The druggable nature of most kinases positions them into a focal point during the process of drug development. However, a significant challenge persists, as the role and biological function of nearly one third of human kinases remains largely unknown.Within this diverse landscape, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) emerge as an intriguing molecular subgroup. In human, this kinase family encompasses 21 members, involved in several key biological processes. Remarkably, 13 of these CDKs belong to the category of understudied kinases, and only 5 having undergone broad investigation to date. This knowledge gap underscores the pressing need to delve into the study of these kinases, starting with a comprehensive review of the less-explored ones.Here, we will focus on the PCTAIRE subfamily of CDKs, which includes CDK16, CDK17, and CDK18, arguably among the most understudied CDKs members. To contextualize PCTAIREs within the spectrum of human pathophysiology, we conducted an exhaustive review of the existing literature and examined available databases. This approach resulted in an articulate depiction of these PCTAIREs, encompassing their expression patterns, 3D configurations, mechanisms of activation, and potential functions in normal tissues and in cancer.We propose that this effort offers the possibility of identifying promising areas of future research that extend from basic research to potential clinical and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Karimbayli
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) of Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pellarin
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) of Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Barbara Belletti
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) of Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) of Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, Aviano, 33081, Italy.
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Li J, Zong Y, Tuo Z, Liu J, Liu J. The role of RASA2 in predicting radioresistance in lung cancer through regulation of p53. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2024; 13:587-602. [PMID: 38601440 PMCID: PMC11002505 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-24-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Background One of the most common causes of lung cancer relapse after clinical treatment is radioresistance. However, the mechanism underlying radioresistance remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of Ras p21 protein activator (RASA2) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The messenger RNA (mRNA) of RASA2 was tested via reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) of cancer tissues from patients with NSCLC. Computed tomography (CT) and bioluminescent imaging (BLI) were used to monitor the tumor growth of patients and orthotopic mice, respectively. Protein-protein interaction was quantified via immunoprecipitation and glutathione S transferase (GST) pulldown assay. Western blotting was used to evaluate the phosphorylation and ubiquitination level of p53. Results The results indicated a negative correlation between the mRNA expression levels of RASA2 in tumor tissues with patients' response to radiotherapy. Patients with a high expression of RASA2 had a lower objective response rate (ORR) after 1 month of radiotherapy than patients with low expression of RASA2 after 1 month of radiotherapy. In terms of mechanism, we proved that RASA2 can directly bind to p53 to promote the phosphorylation of p53, which inhibits its transcriptional activity and further promotes its degradation through the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. In this process, the apoptosis of tumor cells is inhibited due to impaired p53 surveillance, which leads to radioresistance. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that RASA2 negatively regulates p53 in cancer cells and therefore promotes radioresistance, providing a new predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhan Tuo
- Department of Radiology, Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Ludwig M, Birkeland A, Smith J, Gensterblum-Miller E, Zhai JI, Kulkarni A, Jiang H, Brenner C. A Genome Wide CRISPR Pro filing Approach Identi fies Mechanisms of Cisplatin Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3922565. [PMID: 38464196 PMCID: PMC10925415 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3922565/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a lethal disease with poor survival rates, especially for cancers arising in the oral cavity or larynx. Cisplatin is a key chemotherapeutic for HNSCC; however poor survival rates may be partially due to cisplatin resistance observed in some HNSCCs. Here, we examined the utility of genome-wide CRISPR knockout profiling for nominating pivotal mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in HNSCC models. Methods We characterized the cisplatin sensitivity of 18 HNSCC cell lines. Next, we used a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library to identify genes involved in cisplatin resistance. We next performed validation assays in the UM-SCC-49 cell line model. Results Our data prioritized 207 genes as pivotal for cisplatin resistance in HNSCC, including novel genes VGLL3, CIRHA1, NCOR1, SPANXA1, MAP2K7, ULK1, and CDK16. Gene set enrichment analysis identified several NOTCH family genes comprising the top pathway driving cisplatin resistance, which we then validated using a targeted NOTCH1 knockout model. Interestingly, we noted that HNSCC models with natural NOTCH pathway alterations including single allele mutations and/or frameshift alterations had diverse responses to cisplatin treatment suggesting that complex and multi-faceted mechanisms contribute to cisplatin resistance in HNSCC. Conclusions Collectively, our study validates a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 approach for the discovery of resistance mechanisms in HNSCC, adds to the growing evidence that NOTCH1 status should be evaluated as a biomarker of cisplatin response and provides a framework for future work aimed at overcoming cisplatin resistance.
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Yang Y, Liu P, Zhou M, Yin L, Wang M, Liu T, Jiang X, Gao H. Small-molecule drugs of colorectal cancer: Current status and future directions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166880. [PMID: 37696461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the world's fourth most deadly cancer. CRC, as a genetic susceptible disease, faces significant challenges in optimizing prognosis through optimal drug treatment modalities. In recent decades, the development of innovative small-molecule drugs is expected to provide targeted interventions that accurately address the different molecular characteristics of CRC. Although the clinical application of single-target drugs is limited by the heterogeneity and high metastasis of CRC, novel small-molecule drug treatment strategies such as dual/multiple-target drugs, drug repurposing, and combination therapies can help overcome these challenges and provide new insights for improving CRC treatment. In this review, we focus on the current status of a range of small molecule drugs that are being considered for CRC therapy, including single-target drugs, dual/multiple-target drugs, drug repurposing and combination strategies, which will pave the way for targeting CRC vulnerabilities with small-molecule drugs in future personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Linzhou Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Pluta AJ, Studniarek C, Murphy S, Norbury CJ. Cyclin-dependent kinases: Masters of the eukaryotic universe. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 15:e1816. [PMID: 37718413 PMCID: PMC10909489 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
A family of structurally related cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) drives many aspects of eukaryotic cell function. Much of the literature in this area has considered individual members of this family to act primarily either as regulators of the cell cycle, the context in which CDKs were first discovered, or as regulators of transcription. Until recently, CDK7 was the only clear example of a CDK that functions in both processes. However, new data points to several "cell-cycle" CDKs having important roles in transcription and some "transcriptional" CDKs having cell cycle-related targets. For example, novel functions in transcription have been demonstrated for the archetypal cell cycle regulator CDK1. The increasing evidence of the overlap between these two CDK types suggests that they might play a critical role in coordinating the two processes. Here we review the canonical functions of cell-cycle and transcriptional CDKs, and provide an update on how these kinases collaborate to perform important cellular functions. We also provide a brief overview of how dysregulation of CDKs contributes to carcinogenesis, and possible treatment avenues. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Processing > 3' End Processing RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shona Murphy
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Chris J. Norbury
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Shen J, Wang Q, Mao Y, Gao W, Duan S. Targeting the p53 signaling pathway in cancers: Molecular mechanisms and clinical studies. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e288. [PMID: 37256211 PMCID: PMC10225743 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 can transcriptionally activate downstream genes in response to stress, and then regulate the cell cycle, DNA repair, metabolism, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and other biological responses. p53 has seven functional domains and 12 splice isoforms, and different domains and subtypes play different roles. The activation and inactivation of p53 are finely regulated and are associated with phosphorylation/acetylation modification and ubiquitination modification, respectively. Abnormal activation of p53 is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. While targeted therapy of the p53 signaling pathway is still in its early stages and only a few drugs or treatments have entered clinical trials, the development of new drugs and ongoing clinical trials are expected to lead to the widespread use of p53 signaling-targeted therapy in cancer treatment in the future. TRIAP1 is a novel p53 downstream inhibitor of apoptosis. TRIAP1 is the homolog of yeast mitochondrial intermembrane protein MDM35, which can play a tumor-promoting role by blocking the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. This work provides a systematic overview of recent basic research and clinical progress in the p53 signaling pathway and proposes that TRIAP1 is an important therapeutic target downstream of p53 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Shen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qurui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yunan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Wang X, Liu R, Li S, Xia W, Guo H, Yao W, Liang X, Lu Y, Zhang H. The roles, molecular interactions, and therapeutic value of CDK16 in human cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114929. [PMID: 37236028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 16 (CDK16) is an orphan "cyclin-dependent kinase" (CDK) involved in the cell cycle, vesicle trafficking, spindle orientation, skeletal myogenesis, neurite outgrowth, secretory cargo transport, spermatogenesis, glucose transportation, cell apoptosis, cell growth and proliferation, metastasis, and autophagy. Human CDK16 is located on chromosome Xp11.3 and is related to X-linked congenital diseases. CDK16 is commonly expressed in mammalian tissues and may act as an oncoprotein. It is a PCTAIRE kinase in which Cyclin Y or its homologue, Cyclin Y-like 1, regulates activity by binding to the N- and C- terminal regions of CDK16. CDK16 plays a vital role in various cancers, including lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, malignant melanoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. CDK16 is a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we summarized and discussed the roles and mechanisms of CDK16 in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjie Xia
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiwei Guo
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People' s Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiping Yao
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodong Liang
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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The role of long non-coding RNA HCG18 in cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:611-619. [PMID: 36346572 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer is increasing worldwide and is becoming the most common cause of death. Identifying new biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis is important for developing cancer treatment strategies and reducing mortality. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that play an important role as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in the occurrence and development of human tumors. Abnormal expression of human leukocyte antigen complex group 18 (HCG18) is observed in many types of cancer, and its imbalance is closely related to cancer progression. HCG18 regulates cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and anti-apoptosis through a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, HCG18 is a potential tumor biomarker and therapeutic target. However, the therapeutic significance of HCG18 has not been well studied, and future research may develop new intervention strategies to combat cancer. In this study, we reviewed the biological function, mechanism, and potential clinical significance of HCG18 in various cancers to provide a reference for future research.
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Cai R, Zhou YP, Li YH, Zhang JJ, Hu ZW. Baicalin Blocks Colon Cancer Cell Cycle and Inhibits Cell Proliferation through miR-139-3p Upregulation by Targeting CDK16. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:189-203. [PMID: 36599649 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin was reported to facilitate the apoptosis of colon cells and inhibit tumor growth in vivo. This study aimed to explore the specific mechanism and function of baicalin on colon cells. Relative mRNA levels were tested via qPCR. Cell proliferation, viability, and cell cycle phases were evaluated using MTT, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The interaction between miR-139-3p and cyclin-dependent kinase 16 (CDK16) was measured via a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Immunohistochemistry was used to count the positivity cells in tumor tissues collected from treated xenografted tumor mice. The results showed that baicalin increased miR-139-3p expression while also decreasing CDK16 levels, blocking the cell cycle, and inhibiting cell proliferation in colon cancer cells. miR-139-3p silencing or CDK16 overexpression abolished the inhibitory effects of baicalin on colon cancer proliferation. miR-139-3p directly targeted and interacted with CDK16 at the cellular level. The protective functions of miR-139-3p knockdown on tumor cells were abrogated by silencing CDK16. The combination of baicalin treatment and CDK16 knockdown further inhibited tumor growth of xenografted tumor mice compared with the groups injected with only sh-CDK16 or baicalin in vivo. In conclusion, baicalin inhibited colon cancer growth by modulating the miR-139-3p/CDK16 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhou
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Hai Li
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Zhang
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Zuo-Wei Hu
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, Hubei Province, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, P. R. China
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10
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Amrhein JA, Berger LM, Tjaden A, Krämer A, Elson L, Tolvanen T, Martinez-Molina D, Kaiser A, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Müller S, Knapp S, Hanke T. Discovery of 3-Amino-1 H-pyrazole-Based Kinase Inhibitors to Illuminate the Understudied PCTAIRE Family. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314834. [PMID: 36499165 PMCID: PMC9736855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The PCTAIRE subfamily belongs to the CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) family and represents an understudied class of kinases of the dark kinome. They exhibit a highly conserved binding pocket and are activated by cyclin Y binding. CDK16 is targeted to the plasma membrane after binding to N-myristoylated cyclin Y and is highly expressed in post-mitotic tissues, such as the brain and testis. Dysregulation is associated with several diseases, including breast, prostate, and cervical cancer. Here, we used the N-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine moiety from the promiscuous inhibitor 1 to target CDK16, by varying different residues. Further optimization steps led to 43d, which exhibited high cellular potency for CDK16 (EC50 = 33 nM) and the other members of the PCTAIRE and PFTAIRE family with 20-120 nM and 50-180 nM, respectively. A DSF screen against a representative panel of approximately 100 kinases exhibited a selective inhibition over the other kinases. In a viability assessment, 43d decreased the cell count in a dose-dependent manner. A FUCCI cell cycle assay revealed a G2/M phase cell cycle arrest at all tested concentrations for 43d, caused by inhibition of CDK16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Alisa Amrhein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lena Marie Berger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Amelie Tjaden
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKTK Site Frankfurt-Mainz, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lewis Elson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tuomas Tolvanen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 1, 17177 Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Astrid Kaiser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manfred Schubert-Zsilavecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKTK Site Frankfurt-Mainz, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Thomas Hanke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (T.H.)
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Gu X, Shen H, Bai W, Xiang Z, Li X, Zhang R, Shi F, Li H, Zhu G, Guo S. Endometrial cancer prognosis prediction using correlation models based on CDK family genes. Front Genet 2022; 13:1021600. [PMID: 36299580 PMCID: PMC9589062 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1021600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play an important role in cell division. Given that abnormal cell proliferation caused by dysregulation of cell division is one of the major causes of endometrial cancer (EC), it is important to elucidate the role of CDK family genes in the diagnosis and prognosis of EC. In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to analyze the frequency of copy number variations and somatic mutations in 26 CDK family genes. Subsequently, the expression of these genes in EC was assessed, and their relationship with overall survival (OS) was examined via Kaplan–Meier analysis to assess their prognostic significance. A prognostic model based on seven CDK genes was constructed using Lasso and Cox regression, and the predictive performance of the model was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and column line plots. The correlation between CDK genes and immune cells was also examined. Patients with EC in the high-risk group had a poorer prognosis. The results of qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses validated that CDK16 is highly expressed in EC tissues. Patients with EC with high CDK16 expression had worse 10-year OS than patients with low CDK16 expression. These findings suggest that the prognostic model constructed based on CDK genes can help to develop individualized and targeted treatment strategies for patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Gu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Honghong Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wenqi Bai
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Fan Shi
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Guangzheng Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Suyang Guo
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- *Correspondence: Suyang Guo,
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RIOK1 mediates p53 degradation and radioresistance in colorectal cancer through phosphorylation of G3BP2. Oncogene 2022; 41:3433-3444. [PMID: 35589951 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RIO Kinase 1 (RIOK1) is involved in various pathologies, including cancer. However, the role of RIOK1 in radioresistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely unknown. In this study, we reported that RIOK1 was overexpressed in rectal cancer tissue with weaker tumor regression after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (neoCRT). Moreover, higher RIOK1 expression predicted a poor prognosis in patients with rectal cancer. Blockade of RIOK1 using Toyocamycin, a pharmacological inhibitor of RIOK1, or by knocking down its expression, decreased the resistance of CRC cells to radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo. A mechanistic study revealed that RIOK1 regulates radioresistance by suppressing the p53 signaling pathway. Furthermore, we found that RIOK1 and Ras-GAP SH3 domain binding protein 2 (G3BP2) interact with each other. RIOK1 phosphorylates G3BP2 at Thr226, which increases the activity of G3BP2. RIOK1-mediated phosphorylation of G3BP2 facilitated ubiquitination of p53 by murine double minute 2 protein (MDM2). Altogether, our study revealed the clinical significance of RIOK1 in CRC, and therapies targeting RIOK1 might alleviate the CRC tumor burden in patients.
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Wang LN, Huang KJ, Wang L, Cheng HY. Overexpression of Ubiquilin4 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cervical cancer. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2783-2791. [PMID: 35434088 PMCID: PMC8968826 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i9.2783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquilins (UBQLNs) are important factors for cell proteostasis maintenance. UBQLNs are involved in the modulation of the cell cycle, as well as in apoptosis, membrane receptors regulation, DNA repair, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and miRNA activities. They also affect the selection of double-strand break repair pathways. Abnormal UBQLNs expression can lead to many diseases, including cancer. Studies have found that the expression of Ubiquilin4 (UBQLN4) is associated with the development of several tumor types. However, the association between UBQLN4 and cervical cancer has not been examined yet.
AIM To investigate the expression of UBQLN4 in cervical cancer and to evaluate its correlation with disease prognosis.
METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of UBQLN4 in 117 cervical cancer tissues and 32 matching pericervical tissues. Paired t-test (two-tailed) was used to compare the differences between groups. We collected patients’ clinical characteristics, including age, histological grade, pathologic type, lymph node metastasis, and FIGO stage (2018) and compared them by chi-square test. All patients were followed for 5.5 to 6.8 years. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to compare the differences in the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) among the different groups.
RESULTS Overexpression of UBQLN4 was observed in 70.9% (83/117) of all cervical cancer tissues and in 15.6% (5/32) of the paired parauterine tissues. The expression of UBQLN4 was associated with lymph node metastasis, poor differentiation, and advanced stage, but the difference was not significant. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test results suggested the high expression of UBQLN4 was associated with short OS and PFS. Regardless of UBQLN4 expression, the patient age and FIGO stage were also associated with disease prognosis. The statistically significant variables obtained from univariate the Kaplan-Meier analysis were subjected to Cox multivariate survival regression analysis, which showed that, in addition to the FIGO stage and age, UBQLN4 was also an independent prognostic marker for OS and PFS (P = 0.011 and P = 0.024, respectively).
CONCLUSION The overexpression of UBQLN4 was associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer. Our study proposed a novel prognostic factor and improved the existing understanding of the pathogenesis of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Wang
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ke-Jin Huang
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Cheng
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
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14
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Tan W, Zhang K, Chen X, Yang L, Zhu S, Wei Y, Xie Z, Chen Y, Shang C. GPX2 is a potential therapeutic target to induce cell apoptosis in lenvatinib against hepatocellular carcinoma. J Adv Res 2022; 44:173-183. [PMID: 36725188 PMCID: PMC9936410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lenvatinib has recently become available as the first-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its molecular mechanism in HCC remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVES The current study aims to identify the molecular mechanisms of lenvatinib in HCC. METHODS Gene expression microarrays, flow cytometry, western blot, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to study the response of HCC cells to lenvatinib. Xenograft tumor of Huh7 cells was also established to detect the effect of lenvatinib in vivo. RESULTS Herein, we found that lenvatinib could induce apoptosis via increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in HCC cells. Then, microarray analysis and qRT-PCR results confirmed that GPX2 was a vital target for lenvatinib against HCC. Loss and gain function of experiment showed that regulating GPX2 levels markedly affected the lenvatinib-induced ROS levels and apoptosis in HCC cells. In addition, analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas database and the qRT-PCR results in our cohort both showed that GPX2 markedly overexpressed in tumor tissues and correlated with poor overall survival in HCC. Mechanistically, our findings further demonstrated that GPX2 was a downstream gene regulated by β-catenin, while lenvatinib could prevent nuclear translocation of β-catenin and further inhibit GPX2 expression in HCC cells. More importantly, the correlation of GPX2 expression with lenvatinib response was further analyzed in 22 HCC patients who received lenvatinib therapy, and the results showed that the objective response rate (ORR) in patients with low GPX2 expression was 44.4% (4/9), while the ORR in patients with high GPX2 levels was only 7.7% (1/13). CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that GPX2 plays an important role in lenvatinib-induced HCC cell apoptosis, which might serve as a biomarker for instruction of lenvatinib therapy in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kelin Zhang
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xinming Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenshan Medical Center, Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shanwei, Guangdong 516600, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Sicong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China,Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yingcheng Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenshan Medical Center, Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shanwei, Guangdong 516600, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yajin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Changzhen Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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15
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Xie Z, Hou S, Yang X, Duan Y, Han J, Wang Q, Liao C. Lessons Learned from Past Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Drug Discovery Efforts. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6356-6389. [PMID: 35235745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) has become an effective therapeutic strategy for treating various diseases, especially cancer. Over almost three decades, although great efforts have been made to discover CDK inhibitors, many of which have entered clinical trials, only four CDK inhibitors have been approved. In the process of CDK inhibitor development, many difficulties and misunderstandings have hampered their discovery and clinical applications, which mainly include inadequate understanding of the biological functions of CDKs, less attention paid to pan- and multi-CDK inhibitors, nonideal isoform selectivity of developed selective CDK inhibitors, overlooking the metabolic stability of early discovered CDK inhibitors, no effective resistance solutions, and a lack of available combination therapy and effective biomarkers for CDK therapies. After reviewing the mechanisms of CDKs and the research progress of CDK inhibitors, this perspective summarizes and discusses these difficulties or lessons, hoping to facilitate the successful discovery of more useful CDK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouling Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Shuzeng Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology─Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
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16
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Kciuk M, Gielecińska A, Mujwar S, Mojzych M, Kontek R. Cyclin-dependent kinases in DNA damage response. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188716. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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CDK15 promotes colorectal cancer progression via phosphorylating PAK4 and regulating β-catenin/ MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:14-27. [PMID: 34262144 PMCID: PMC8738751 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00828-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, there are few effective therapeutic targets for CRC patients. Here, we found that CDK15 was highly expressed in human CRC and negatively correlated with patient prognosis and overall survival in tissue microarray. Knockdown of CDK15 suppressed cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of CRC cells and inhibited tumor growth in cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) model. Importantly, knockout of CDK15 in mice retarded AOM/DSS-induced tumorigenesis and CDK15 silencing by lentivirus significantly suppressed tumor progression in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Mechanistically, CDK15 could bind PAK4 and phosphorylate PAK4 at S291 site. Phosphorylation of PAK4 at the S291 residue promoted cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth through β-catenin/c-Myc, MEK/ERK signaling pathway in CRC. Moreover, inhibition of PAK4 reversed the tumorigenic function of CDK15 in CRC cells and pharmacological targeting PAK4 suppressed tumor growth in PDX models. Thus, our data reveal the pivotal role of CDK15 in CRC progression and demonstrate CDK15 promotes CRC tumorigenesis by phosphorylating PAK4. Hence, the CDK15-PAK4 axis may serve as a novel therapeutic target for CRC.
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18
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Chen G, Kong P, Yang M, Hu W, Prise KM, Yu KN, Cui S, Qin F, Meng G, Almahi WA, Nie L, Han W. Golgi Phosphoprotein 3 Confers Radioresistance via Stabilizing EGFR in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 112:1216-1228. [PMID: 34838866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radioresistance is a major cause of treatment failure in tumor radiotherapy and the underlying mechanisms of radioresistance are still elusive. Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has been reported to associate tightly with cancer progression and chemoresistance. Herein, we explored whether GOLPH3 mediated radioresistance of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and whether targeted suppression of GOLPH3 sensitized LUAD to radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS The aberrant expression of GOLPH3 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in LUAD clinical samples. To evaluate the association between GOLPH3 and radioresistance, colony formation and apoptosis were assessed in control and GOLPH3 knockdown cells. γ-H2AX foci/level determination and micronucleus test were used to analyze DNA damage production and repair. The rescue of GOLPH3 knockdown was then performed by exogenous expression of siRNA-resistant mutant GOLPH3 to confirm the role of GOLPH3 in DNA damage repair. Mechanistically, the effect of GOLPH3 on regulating stability and nuclear accumulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the activation of DNA-PK were investigated by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation. The role of GOLPH3 in vivo in radioresistance was determined in a xenograft model. RESULTS In tumor tissues of 33 patients with LUAD, the expression of GOLPH3 showed significantly increases compared with those in matched normal tissues. Knocking down GOLPH3 reduced the clonogenic capacity, impaired DSB repair and enhanced apoptosis after irradiation. In contrast, reversal of GOLPH3 depletion rescued the impaired repair of radiation-induced DSBs. Mechanistically, loss of GOLPH3 accelerated the degradation of EGFR in lysosome, causing the reduction in EGFR levels, thereby weakening nuclear accumulation of EGFR and attenuating the activation of DNA-PK. Furthermore, adenovirus-mediated GOLPH3 knockdown could enhance the ionizing-radiation response in LUAD xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS GOLPH3 conferred resistance of LUAD to ionizing-radiation via stabilizing EGFR and targeted suppression of GOLPH3 might be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for sensitizing LUAD to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China; Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Peizhong Kong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China; Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China; Clinical Pathology Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230012, P. R. China
| | - Wanglai Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Kevin M Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - K N Yu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, 999077, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Shujun Cui
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Feng Qin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Gang Meng
- Clinical Pathology Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230012, P. R. China; Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Waleed Abdelbagi Almahi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lili Nie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China; Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Wei Han
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China; Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China..
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19
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Jia Q, Xie B, Zhao Z, Huang L, Wei G, Ni T. Lung cancer cells expressing a shortened CDK16 3'UTR escape senescence through impaired miR-485-5p targeting. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1347-1364. [PMID: 34687270 PMCID: PMC8936527 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing senescence in cancer cells is an emerging strategy for cancer therapy. The dysregulation and mutation of genes encoding cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) have been implicated in various human cancers. However, whether CDK can induce cancer cell senescence remains poorly understood. We observed that CDK16 expression was high in multiple cancer types, including lung cancer, whereas various replicative senescence models displayed low CDK16 expression. CDK16 knockdown caused senescence‐associated phenotypes in lung cancer cell lines. Interestingly, the CDK16 3′ UTR was shortened in cancer and lengthened in senescence models, which was regulated by alternative polyadenylation (APA). The longer 3′UTR [using the distal polyA (pA) site] generated less protein than the shorter one (using the proximal pA site). Since microRNAs (miRNAs) usually bind to the 3′UTR of target genes to suppress their expression, we investigated whether miRNAs targeting the region between the shortened and longer 3′UTR are responsible for the reduced expression. We found that miR‐485‐5p targeted the 3′UTR between the distal and proximal pA site and caused senescence‐associated phenotypes by reducing protein production from the longer CDK16 transcript. Of note, CDK16 knockdown led to a reduced expression of MYC proto‐oncogene, bHLH transcription factor (MYC) and CD274 molecule (PD‐L1), which in turn enhanced the tumor‐suppressive effects of senescent cancer cells. The present study discovered that CDK16, whose expression is under the regulation of APA and miR‐485‐5p, is a potential target for prosenescence therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiyun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaozhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leihuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Mu R, Ma Z, Lu C, Wang H, Cheng X, Tuo B, Fan Y, Liu X, Li T. Role of succinylation modification in thyroid cancer and breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021. [PMID: 34765287 DOI: 10.2156/j.ajcr.2021.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer and breast cancer is increasing year by year, and the specific pathogenesis is unclear. Posttranslational modifications constitute an important regulatory mechanism that affects the function of almost all proteins, are essential for a diverse and well-functioning proteome and can integrate metabolism with physiological and pathological processes. In recent years, posttranslational modifications, which mainly include metabolic enzyme-mediated protein posttranslational modifications, such as methylation, phosphorylation, acetylation and succinylation, have become a research hotspot. Among these modifications, lysine succinylation is a newly discovered broad-spectrum, dynamic, non-enzymatic protein post-translational modification, and it plays an important regulatory role in a variety of tumors. Studies have shown that succinylation can affect the synthesis of thyroid hormones, and the regulation of this post-translational modification can inhibit the apoptosis and migration of thyroid cancer cell lines, and promote breast cancer cell proliferation, DNA damage repair and autophagy-related regulation. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of succinylation in thyroid cancer and breast cancer is currently unclear. Therefore, this article mainly reviews the research progress of succinylation modification in thyroid cancer and breast cancer. It is expected to provide new directions and targets for the prevention and treatment of thyroid cancer and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renmin Mu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chengli Lu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Cheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yi Fan
- Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Taolang Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
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21
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FBXL6 degrades phosphorylated p53 to promote tumor growth. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2112-2125. [PMID: 33568778 PMCID: PMC8257708 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates many distinct biological processes. Its dysregulation causes various diseases, including but not limited to cancer. In this study, based on the analysis of gene expression in several colorectal cancer (CRC) datasets, we show that FBXL6, a poorly-characterized F-box protein, is amplified, over-expressed, and highly correlated with poor prognosis in human CRC patients. Mechanistically, FBXL6 targets phospho-p53 (S315) to mediate its polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thereby inhibiting p53 signaling. FBXL6 depletion inhibits proliferation of p53 wild-type (WT) CRC cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, p53 transcriptionally suppresses FBXL6 expression by binding its core promoter region. Taken together, these results identify the feed-forward loop of FBXL6-p53 as a potential therapeutic target for CRC treatments.
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22
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Luo X, Cao M, Gao F, He X. YTHDF1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:35. [PMID: 34088349 PMCID: PMC8176587 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, as the most abundant RNA modification, widely participates in the physiological process and is involved in multiple disease progression, especially cancer. YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1 (YTHDF1) is a pivotal m6A "reader" protein, which has been reported in multiple cancers. However, the role and molecular mechanism of YTHDF1 in HCC are still not fully elucidated. METHODS Based on various bioinformatics databases, q-RT PCR, western blot, and a tissue microarray containing 90 HCC samples, we examined the expression of YTHDF1 in HCC. Then, we applied the loss-of-function experiments to explore the role of YTHDF1 in HCC by in vitro and in vivo assays. Finally, we performed the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to predict the potential signaling pathway of YTHDF1 involved in HCC and further verified this prediction. RESULTS YTHDF1 was overexpressed in HCC and associated with HCC grade. Depletion of YTHDF1 markedly impaired the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle process of HCC cells. Mechanistically, YTHDF1 promoted the growth of HCC cells via activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, we also demonstrated that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mediated the promoting effect of YTHDF1 on the migration and invasion of HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS YTHDF1 contributes to the progression of HCC by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and inducing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Luo
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengdie Cao
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xingxing He
- Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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23
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Gillani SQ, Nisa MU, Sarwar Z, Reshi I, Bhat SA, Nabi N, Andrabi S. Regulation of PCTAIRE1 protein stability by AKT1, LKB1 and BRCA1. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110032. [PMID: 33932497 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PCTAIRE1, also known as CDK16, is a cyclin-dependent kinase that is regulated by cyclin Y. It is a member of the serine-threonine family of kinases and its functions have primarily been implicated in cellular processes like vesicular transport, neuronal growth and development, myogenesis, spermatogenesis and cell proliferation. However, as extensive studies on PCTAIRE1 have not yet been conducted, the signaling pathways for this kinase involved in governing many cellular processes are yet to be elucidated in detail. Here, we report the association of PCTAIRE1 with important cellular proteins involved in major cell signaling pathways, especially cell proliferation. In particular, here we show that PCTAIRE1 interacts with AKT1, a key player of the PI3K signaling pathway that is responsible for promoting cell survival and proliferation. Our studies show that PCTAIRE1 is a substrate of AKT1 that gets stabilized by it. Further, we show that PCTAIRE1 also interacts with and is degraded by LKB1, a kinase that is known to suppress cellular proliferation and also regulate cellular energy metabolism. Moreover, our results show that PCTAIRE1 is also degraded by BRCA1, a well-known tumor suppressor. Together, our studies highlight the regulation of PCTAIRE1 by key players of the major cell signaling pathways involved in regulating cell proliferation, and therefore, provide crucial links that could be explored further to elucidate the mechanistic role of PCTAIRE1 in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Misbah Un Nisa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Zarka Sarwar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Irfana Reshi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Sameer Ahmed Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Nusrat Nabi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Shaida Andrabi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India.
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24
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β-Trcp and CK1δ-mediated degradation of LZTS2 activates PI3K/AKT signaling to drive tumorigenesis and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2021; 40:1269-1283. [PMID: 33420362 PMCID: PMC7892348 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Distant metastasis is the leading cause of treatment failure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that Leucine zipper tumor suppressor 2 (LZTS2) is downregulated and correlated with poor prognosis in HCC. Furthermore, we provide evidence that LZTS2 associates with p85 to inhibit the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling and impairs HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we identify LZTS2 as a bona fide substrate of the E3 ligase β-Trcp and protein kinase CK1δ, which are responsible for the ubiquitination and degradation of LZTS2. Importantly, we show that the β-Trcp and CK1δ-mediated degradation of LZTS2 promotes HCC progression and metastasis by activating PI3K/AKT signaling. Collectively, our study not only illustrates the roles of LZTS2 in regulating HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis but also reveals a novel posttranslational modification of LZTS2 by β-Trcp and CK1δ, indicating that the β-Trcp/CK1δ/LZTS2/PI3K axis may be a novel oncogenic driver involved in HCC progression and metastasis.
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25
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Zeng Y, Jie X, Wu B, Wu G, Liu L, Xu S. IQGAP3 interacts with Rad17 to recruit the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex and contributes to radioresistance in lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:254-265. [PMID: 32896617 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
IQ motif containing GTPase-activating protein 3 (IQGAP3) has been implicated in diverse cellular processes, including neuronal morphogenesis, cell proliferation and motility, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. However, its role in cancer radioresistance is completely unknown. Here, we report that IQGAP3 is overproduced in lung cancer patients and correlates with poor clinical outcomes. Functionally, we demonstrate that depletion of IQGAP3 impairs oncogenesis and overcomes radioresistance in lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we uncover that IQGAP3 interacts with Rad17 and controls its expression to activate the ATM/Chk2 and ATR/Chk1 signaling pathways by recruiting the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex in response to DNA damage. Moreover, Rad17 is identified as the major downstream effector that mediates the functions of IQGAP3 in lung cancer. Clinically, IQGAP3 overexpression positively correlates with Rad17 upregulation in human lung cancer tissues. Collectively, these data support key role for IQGAP3 in promoting lung cancer radioresistance by interacting with Rad17 and suggest that targeting IQGAP3 may be an attractive strategy for lung cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Zeng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaohua Jie
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bian Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Shuangbing Xu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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26
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Liu Y, Jin ZR, Huang X, Che YC, Liu Q. Identification of Spindle and Kinetochore-Associated Family Genes as Therapeutic Targets and Prognostic Biomarkers in Pancreas Ductal Adenocarcinoma Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:553536. [PMID: 33224872 PMCID: PMC7667267 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.553536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The role of spindle and kinetochore-associated (SKA) genes in tumorigenesis and cancer progression has been widely studied. However, so far, the oncogenic involvement of SKA family genes in pancreatic cancer and their prognostic potential remain unknown. Methods Here, we carried out a meta-analysis of the differential expression of SKA genes in normal and tumor tissue. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were done to evaluate the correlation between SKA family gene expression and pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) prognosis. Joint-effect and stratified survival analysis as well as nomogram analysis were used to estimate the prognostic value of genes. The underlying regulatory and biological mechanisms were identified by Gene set enrichment analysis. Interaction between SKA prognosis-related genes and immune cell infiltration was assessed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource tool. Results We find that SKA1-3 are highly expressed in PDAC tissues relative to non-cancer tissues. Survival analysis revealed that high expression of SKA1 and SKA3 independently indicate poor prognosis but they are not associated with relapse-free survival. The prognostic value of SKA1 and SKA3 was further confirmed by the nomogram, joint-effect, and stratified survival analysis. Analysis of underlying mechanisms reveals that these genes influence cancer-related signaling pathways, kinases, miRNA, and E2F family genes. Notably, prognosis-related genes are inversely correlated with several immune cells infiltrating levels. Conclusion We find that SKA1 and SKA3 expression correlates with prognosis and immune cell infiltration in PDAC, highlighting their potential as pancreatic cancer prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Nanning, China
| | - Zong-Rui Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ye-Cheng Che
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First People's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Second People's Hospital of Guilin, Guilin, China
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27
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Yao G, Tang J, Yang X, Zhao Y, Zhou R, Meng R, Zhang S, Dong X, Zhang T, Yang K, Wu G, Xu S. Cyclin K interacts with β-catenin to induce Cyclin D1 expression and facilitates tumorigenesis and radioresistance in lung cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:11144-11158. [PMID: 33042275 PMCID: PMC7532664 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Radioresistance remains the major cause of local relapse and distant metastasis in lung cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly defined. This study aimed to investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of Cyclin K in lung cancer radioresistance. Methods: Expression levels of Cyclin K were measured by immunohistochemistry in human lung cancer tissues and adjacent normal lung tissues. Cell growth and proliferation, neutral comet and foci formation assays, G2/M checkpoint and a xenograft mouse model were used for functional analyses. Gene expression was examined by RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR. Protein-protein interaction was assessed by immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays. Results: We report that Cyclin K is frequently overexpressed and correlates with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. Functionally, we demonstrate that Cyclin K depletion results in reduced proliferation, defective G2/M checkpoint and enhanced radiosensitivity in lung cancer. Mechanistically, we reveal that Cyclin K interacts with and promotes the stabilization of β-catenin protein, thereby upregulating the expression of Cyclin D1. More importantly, we show that Cyclin D1 is the major effector that mediates the biological functions of Cyclin K in lung cancer. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Cyclin K positively modulates the β-catenin/Cyclin D1 axis to promote tumorigenesis and radioresistance in lung cancer, indicating that Cyclin K may represent a novel attractive biomarker for lung cancer radiotherapy.
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28
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Xu T, Zeng Y, Shi L, Yang Q, Chen Y, Wu G, Li G, Xu S. Targeting NEK2 impairs oncogenesis and radioresistance via inhibiting the Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway in cervical cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:183. [PMID: 32907622 PMCID: PMC7488040 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NEK2, a serine/threonine kinase involved in mitosis, has been found to function in chromosome instability, tumor progression and metastasis, but its role in cervical cancer radioresistance remains unknown. METHODS We detected the protein levels of NEK2 in cervical carcinoma tissues and paired paracarcinoma tissues by immunohistochemistry. The roles of NEK2 in oncogenesis were examined using cell growth and colony formation assays, EdU assay, apoptosis assay as well as in vivo mouse model. γ-H2AX and Rad51 foci formation, neutral comet assay and clonogenic cell survival assay were applied to determine the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells. RNA-seq was performed to identify the downstream effector of NEK2. The gene expression levels were measured by Real-time PCR. RESULTS We report that NEK2 protein level is overexpressed and correlated with the tumor stage and lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer tissues. Furthermore, we provided evidence that depletion of NEK2 impairs oncogenesis and enhances radiosensitivity in cervical cancer. Using RNA sequencing, we identify Wnt1 as a key downstream effector of NEK2. Knockdown of NEK2 downregulates the mRNA and protein levels of Wnt1, thereby inhibiting the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. More importantly, the observed consequences induced by NEK2 depletion in cervical cancer cells can be partially rescued by Wnt1 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that NEK2 activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via Wnt1 to drive oncogenesis and radioresistance in cervical cancer, indicating that NEK2 may be a promising target for the radiosensitization of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Xu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yulan Zeng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Linli Shi
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yeshan Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guiling Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Shuangbing Xu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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29
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Huang Y, Yang X, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Meng R, Zhang S, Dong X, Xu S, Wu G. UBE2O targets Mxi1 for ubiquitination and degradation to promote lung cancer progression and radioresistance. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:671-684. [PMID: 32901121 PMCID: PMC7862231 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UBE2O, an E2/E3 hybrid ubiquitin-protein ligase, has been implicated in the regulation of adipogenesis, erythroid differentiation, and tumor proliferation. However, its role in cancer radioresistance remains completely unknown. Here, we uncover that UBE2O interacts and targets Mxi1 for ubiquitination and degradation at the K46 residue. Furthermore, we show that genetical or pharmacological blockade of UBE2O impairs tumor progression and radioresistance in lung cancer in vitro and in vivo, and these effects can be restored by Mxi1 inhibition. Moreover, we demonstrate that UBE2O is overexpressed and negatively correlated with Mxi1 protein levels in lung cancer tissues. Collectively, our work reveals that UBE2O facilitates tumorigenesis and radioresistance by promoting Mxi1 ubiquitination and degradation, suggesting that UBE2O is an attractive radiosensitization target for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Huang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xijie Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rui Meng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaorong Dong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuangbing Xu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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30
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Zhang W, Lin X, Li X, Wang M, Sun W, Han X, Sun D. Survival prediction model for non-small cell lung cancer based on somatic mutations. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3206. [PMID: 32367667 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 5-year survival rate of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is only 15%. Screening some combined gene mutations could predict the survival of NSCLC patients and also provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC. The present study aimed to identify signature mutations for survival prediction of NSCLC. METHODS Clinical and gene mutation information for 949 NSCLC patients was downloaded from TCGA. High frequency mutation and common mutation genes were analyzed based on 1000 cancer related genes. The LASSO-COX model was used to screen gene mutation points and analyze their survival, and then a survival prediction model was established. Fifty NSCLC patients were collected and 1000 targeted genes were enriched by targeted next generation sequencing. The results were used to verify the combination of common mutation genes and the function of the survival model, and then to clarify their clinical significance. RESULTS Ten variables were screened out after LASSO-COX analysis, including age, tumor stage, EGFR c.[2,573 T>G], PIK3CA c.[1624G>A], TP53 c.[375G>T], TP53 c.[527G>T], TP53 c.[733G>T], TP53 c.[734G>T], TP53 c.[743G>T], NFE2L2 c.[100C>G]. Except for TP53 c.[743G>T] and NFE2L2 c.[100C>G], the residual six hot spot mutations of EGFR, PIK3CA and TP53 could be regarded as a signature mutations for forecasting the survival time of NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS The combination of six hot spot mutations of EGFR, PIK3CA and TP53 is expected to be used for predicting the survival time of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuefeng Lin
- Department of Nursing, Tianjin Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingpeng Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Daqiang Sun
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
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31
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Dohmen M, Krieg S, Agalaridis G, Zhu X, Shehata SN, Pfeiffenberger E, Amelang J, Bütepage M, Buerova E, Pfaff CM, Chanda D, Geley S, Preisinger C, Sakamoto K, Lüscher B, Neumann D, Vervoorts J. AMPK-dependent activation of the Cyclin Y/CDK16 complex controls autophagy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1032. [PMID: 32098961 PMCID: PMC7042329 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master sensor of the cellular energy status that is crucial for the adaptive response to limited energy availability. AMPK is implicated in the regulation of many cellular processes, including autophagy. However, the precise mechanisms by which AMPK controls these processes and the identities of relevant substrates are not fully understood. Using protein microarrays, we identify Cyclin Y as an AMPK substrate that is phosphorylated at Serine 326 (S326) both in vitro and in cells. Phosphorylation of Cyclin Y at S326 promotes its interaction with the Cyclin-dependent kinase 16 (CDK16), thereby stimulating its catalytic activity. When expressed in cells, Cyclin Y/CDK16 is sufficient to promote autophagy. Moreover, Cyclin Y/CDK16 is necessary for efficient AMPK-dependent activation of autophagy. This functional interaction is mediated by AMPK phosphorylating S326 of Cyclin Y. Collectively, we define Cyclin Y/CDK16 as downstream effector of AMPK for inducing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Dohmen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Translational & Clinical Research Aachen (CTC-A), Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Krieg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georgios Agalaridis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elisabeth Pfeiffenberger
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jan Amelang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Bütepage
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elena Buerova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolina M Pfaff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- AstraZeneca GmbH, Tinsdaler Weg 183, 22880, Wedel, Germany
| | - Dipanjan Chanda
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Geley
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Preisinger
- Proteomics Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Aachen, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Dietbert Neumann
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Maastricht, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jörg Vervoorts
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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32
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Haupt S, Caramia F, Herschtal A, Soussi T, Lozano G, Chen H, Liang H, Speed TP, Haupt Y. Identification of cancer sex-disparity in the functional integrity of p53 and its X chromosome network. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5385. [PMID: 31772231 PMCID: PMC6879765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The disproportionately high prevalence of male cancer is poorly understood. We tested for sex-disparity in the functional integrity of the major tumor suppressor p53 in sporadic cancers. Our bioinformatics analyses expose three novel levels of p53 impact on sex-disparity in 12 non-reproductive cancer types. First, TP53 mutation is more frequent in these cancers among US males than females, with poorest survival correlating with its mutation. Second, numerous X-linked genes are associated with p53, including vital genomic regulators. Males are at unique risk from alterations of their single copies of these genes. High expression of X-linked negative regulators of p53 in wild-type TP53 cancers corresponds with reduced survival. Third, females exhibit an exceptional incidence of non-expressed mutations among p53-associated X-linked genes. Our data indicate that poor survival in males is contributed by high frequencies of TP53 mutations and an inability to shield against deregulated X-linked genes that engage in p53 networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Franco Caramia
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Alan Herschtal
- Department of Biometrics Novotech, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - Thierry Soussi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Cancer Center Karolinska, Solna, Sweden.,INSERM, U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hu Chen
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Terence P Speed
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Han Q, Han C, Liao X, Huang K, Wang X, Yu T, Yang C, Li G, Han B, Zhu G, Liu Z, Zhou X, Liu J, Su H, Shang L, Peng T, Ye X. Prognostic value of Kinesin-4 family genes mRNA expression in early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6487-6502. [PMID: 31489986 PMCID: PMC6826000 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the potential prognostic value of Kinesin-4 family genes mRNA expression in early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS Kaplan-Meier survival analysis method with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were performed to figure out the association between Kinesin-4 family genes expression and PDAC patients overall survival time. Joint-effect survival analysis and stratified survival analysis were carried out to assess the prognosis prediction value of prognosis-related gene. Nomogram was constructed for the individualized prognosis prediction. In addition, we had used the gene set enrichment analysis and genome-wide co-expression analysis to further explore the potential mechanism. RESULTS KIF21A expression level was significantly associated with PDAC patient clinical prognosis outcome and patient with a high expression of KIF21A would have a shorter overall survival time. The prognosis prediction significance of KIF21A was well validated by the joint-effect survival analysis, stratified survival analysis, and nomogram. Meanwhile, the gene set enrichment analysis and genome-wide co-expression analysis revealed that KIF21A might involve in DNA damage and repair, transcription and translation process, post-translation protein modification, cell cycle, carcinogensis genes and pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our current research demonstrated that KIF21A could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for patient with early-stage PDAC after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfa Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chuangye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ketuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiangkun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Tingdong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chengkun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhengqian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Liming Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningPeople's Republic of China
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Zong Y, Li Q, Zhang F, Xian X, Wang S, Xia J, Li J, Tuo Z, Xiao G, Liu L, Li G, Zhang S, Wu G, Liu J. SDH5 Depletion Enhances Radiosensitivity by Regulating p53: A New Method for Noninvasive Prediction of Radiotherapy Response. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:6380-6395. [PMID: 31588224 PMCID: PMC6771232 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for lung cancer but lacks a reliable prediction method. Cell-free nucleic acids in plasma have been reported as a novel tumor marker. Here, we evaluate circulating succinate dehydrogenase 5 (SDH5) mRNA in plasma and SDH5 protein in tumors, assess their predictive value in lung cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: SDH5 expression was measured in peripheral blood samples and fresh tumor specimens from 208 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and correlated with clinical outcomes. SDH5 knockout mice and human xenograft mice were used to evaluate radiosensitivity. Cell growth, apoptosis, and the DNA damage response were assessed. Relevant RNA and protein levels were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Immunoprecipitation and GST pulldown assays were performed to detect protein-protein interactions. Polyubiquitination of p53 was examined by an in vitro ubiquitination assay. Results: Plasma and tumor SDH5 mRNA levels were positively correlated (rho=0.894, P<0.001). Patients with relatively low SDH5 levels in plasma (0.47, 0.12-0.89) and tumors (3.85, 0.96-7.23) had a better prognosis after radiotherapy (median PFS: 30.0 versus 15.0 months, hazard ratio: 0.276, 95% CI: 0.201-0.379, P<0.001). In SDH5 knockout mice, the lung epithelial cells exhibited increased DNA damage after radiation. In human lung xenograft mice, SDH5-deficient tumors had a smaller volume after radiotherapy. Furthermore, SDH5 depletion inhibits p53 degradation via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway, which promotes apoptosis and enhances radiosensitivity in NSCLC. Conclusion: Our findings provide a novel noninvasive method for prediction of response to radiotherapy and may have significant implications for cancer radiotherapy.
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RNA Sequencing of Peripheral Blood Revealed that the Neurotropic TRK Receptor Signaling Pathway Shows Apparent Correlation in Recovery Following Spinal Cord Injury at Small Cohort. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:221-233. [PMID: 30993646 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can be lethal; however, the precise mechanisms underlying healing are unclear, limiting the development of effective therapies. In this study, the molecular mechanisms involved in SCI were investigated. Clinical peripheral blood samples from normal individuals and patients with incomplete SCI (ISCI) and complete SCI (CSCI) were analyzed by RNA-Seq. The expression levels of EPHA4, CDK16, BAD, MAP2 Normal 2, EGR, and RHOB differed significantly between the SCI group and normal individuals, and these results were verified by q-PCR. A gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were mostly enriched for the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway. We verified the expression of neurotrophic factors and found that they were all expressed most highly in the SCI group. The results of this study demonstrate that neurotrophic factors are highly expressed after SCI and the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway may be involved in the initiation of nerve system regeneration.
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Liu N, Wang KS, Qi M, Zhou YJ, Zeng GY, Tao J, Zhou JD, Zhang JL, Chen X, Peng C. Vitexin compound 1, a novel extraction from a Chinese herb, suppresses melanoma cell growth through DNA damage by increasing ROS levels. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:269. [PMID: 30400954 PMCID: PMC6219156 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitex negundo L (Verbenaceae) is an aromatic shrub that is abundant in Asian countries. A series of compounds from Vitex negundo have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive malignancies. A significant feature of melanoma is its resistance to traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel treatments for melanoma. METHODS We first examined the effects of VB1 (vitexin compound 1) on cell viability by CCK-8 (cell counting kit) and Colony Formation Assay; And then, we analyzed the apoptosis and cell cycle by flow cytometry, verified apoptosis by Immunoblotting. The in vivo effect of VB1 was evaluated in xenograft mouse model. Potential mechanisms of VB1's antitumor effects were explored by RNA sequencing and the key differential expression genes were validated by real-time quantitative PCR. Finally, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected by flow cytometry, and the DNA damage was revealed by Immunofluorescence and Immunoblotting. RESULTS In this study, we show that VB1, which is a compound purified from the seed of the Chinese herb Vitex negundo, blocks melanoma cells growth in vitro and in vivo, arrests the cell cycle in G2/M phase and induces apoptosis in melanoma cell lines, whereas the effects are not significantly observed in normal cells. To study the details of VB1, we analyzed the alteration of gene expression profiles after treatment with VB1 in melanoma cells. The findings showed that VB1 can affect various pathways, including p53, apoptosis and the cell cycle pathway, in a variety of melanoma cell lines. Furthermore, we confirmed that VB1 restored the P53 pathway protein level, and then we demonstrated that VB1 significantly induced the accumulation of ROS, which resulted in DNA damage in melanoma cell lines. Interestingly, our results showed that VB1 also increased the ROS levels in BRAFi (BRAF inhibitor)-resistant melanoma cells, leading to DNA cytotoxicity, which caused G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings indicate that vitexin compound 1 might be a promising therapeutic Chinese medicine for melanoma treatment regardless of BRAFi resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kuan Song Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Qi
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Jun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science,Central, South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guang Yao Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science,Central, South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Da Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery of Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Lin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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