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Fan X, Zhang Y, Liu W, Shao M, Gong Y, Wang T, Xue S, Nian R. A comprehensive review of engineered exosomes from the preparation strategy to therapeutic applications. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3500-3521. [PMID: 38828621 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00558a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes exhibit high bioavailability, biological stability, targeted specificity, low toxicity, and low immunogenicity in shuttling various bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. Natural exosomes, however, have limited production, targeting abilities, and therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. On the other hand, engineered exosomes have demonstrated long-term circulation, high stability, targeted delivery, and efficient intracellular drug release, garnering significant attention. The engineered exosomes bring new insights into developing next-generation drug delivery systems and show enormous potential in therapeutic applications, such as tumor therapies, diabetes management, cardiovascular disease, and tissue regeneration and repair. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advancements associated with engineered exosomes by focusing on the state-of-the-art strategies for cell engineering and exosome engineering. Exosome isolation methods, including traditional and emerging approaches, are systematically compared along with advancements in characterization methods. Current challenges and future opportunities are further discussed in terms of the preparation and application of engineered exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Mingzheng Shao
- Research Center on Advanced Chemical Engineering and Energy Materials, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China.
| | - Yibo Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingya Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Xue
- Research Center on Advanced Chemical Engineering and Energy Materials, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Nian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
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2
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Altıntaş Ö, Saylan Y. Exploring the Versatility of Exosomes: A Review on Isolation, Characterization, Detection Methods, and Diverse Applications. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16029-16048. [PMID: 37874907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial mediators of intercellular communication and can be classified based on their physical properties, biomolecular structure, and origin. Among EVs, exosomes have garnered significant attention due to their potential as therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Exosomes are released via fusion of multivesicular bodies on plasma membranes and can be isolated from various biofluids using methods such as differential ultracentrifugation, immune affinity capture, ultrafiltration, and size exclusion chromatography. Herein, an overview of different techniques for exosome characterization and isolation, as well as the diverse applications of exosome detection, including their potential use in drug delivery and disease diagnosis, is provided. Additionally, we discuss the emerging field of exosome detection by sensors, which offers an up-and-coming avenue for point-of-care diagnostic tools development. Overall, this review aims to provide a exhaustive and up-to-date summary of the current state of exosome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Altıntaş
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yeşeren Saylan
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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Li B, Gao H, Lu ZY. Janus polymer-grafted nanoparticles mimicking membrane repair proteins for the prevention of lipid membrane rupture. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37194398 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00395g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane rupture often leads to cell damage, especially when there is a lack of membrane repair proteins near the wounds due to genetic mutations in organisms. To efficiently promote the repair of the injured lipid membrane, nanomedicines may act as a promising alternative to membrane repair proteins, but the related research is still in its infancy. Herein, using dissipative particle dynamics simulations, we designed a class of Janus polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNPs) that can mimic the function of membrane repair proteins. The Janus PGNPs comprise both hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer chains grafted on nanoparticles (NPs). We track the dynamic process of the adsorption of Janus PGNPs at the damaged site in the lipid membrane and systematically assess the driving forces for this process. Our results reveal that tuning the length of the grafted polymer chains and the surface polarity of the NPs can efficiently enhance the adsorption of Janus PGNPs at the site of the damaged membrane to reduce membrane stress. After repair, the adsorbed Janus PGNPs can be successfully detached from the membrane, leaving the membrane untouched. These results provide valuable guidelines for designing advanced nanomaterials for the repair of damaged lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
| | - Huimin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
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Zhang K, Li R, Chen X, Yan H, Li H, Zhao X, Huang H, Chen S, Liu Y, Wang K, Han Z, Han Z, Kong D, Chen X, Li Z. Renal Endothelial Cell-Targeted Extracellular Vesicles Protect the Kidney from Ischemic Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204626. [PMID: 36416304 PMCID: PMC9875634 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell injury plays a critical part in ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) and participates in the progression of AKI. Targeting renal endothelial cell therapy may ameliorate vascular injury and further improve the prognosis of ischemic AKI. Here, P-selectin as a biomarker of ischemic AKI in endothelial cells is identified and P-selectin binding peptide (PBP)-engineered extracellular vesicles (PBP-EVs) with imaging and therapeutic functions are developed. The results show that PBP-EVs exhibit a selective targeting tendency to injured kidneys, while providing spatiotemporal information for the early diagnosis of AKI by quantifying the expression of P-selectin in the kidneys by molecular imaging. Meanwhile, PBP-EVs reveal superior nephroprotective functions in the promotion of renal repair and inhibition of fibrosis by alleviating inflammatory infiltration, improving reparative angiogenesis, and ameliorating maladaptive repair of the renal parenchyma. In conclusion, PBP-EVs, as an ischemic AKI theranostic system that is designed in this study, provide a spatiotemporal diagnosis in the early stages of AKI to help guide personalized therapy and exhibit superior nephroprotective effects, offering proof-of-concept data to design EV-based theranostic strategies to promote renal recovery and further improve long-term outcomes following AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Zhang
- School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Rongrong Li
- School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Xiaoniao Chen
- Beijing Tongren Eye CenterBeijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100730China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100853China
| | - Hongyu Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Huifang Li
- School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Xiaotong Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenan453003China
| | - Haoyan Huang
- School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Shang Chen
- School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Kai Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Zhibo Han
- Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Stem CellShangraoJiangxi334000China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Engineering Technologies for Cell PharmaceuticalNational Engineering Research Center of Cell ProductsAmCellGene Co., LtdTianjin300457China
| | - Zhong‐Chao Han
- Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Stem CellShangraoJiangxi334000China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Engineering Technologies for Cell PharmaceuticalNational Engineering Research Center of Cell ProductsAmCellGene Co., LtdTianjin300457China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Perinatal Stem CellsBeijing Institute of Health and Stem CellsHealth & Biotech CoBeijing100176China
| | - Deling Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Xiang‐Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100853China
| | - Zongjin Li
- School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100853China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue RegenerationXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenan453003China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive RegulationTianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology ObstetricsNankai University Affiliated Hospital of Obstetrics and GynecologyTianjin300100China
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Li L, Zuo X, Liu D, Luo H, Zhang H, Peng Q, Wang G, Zhu H. Plasma exosomal RNAs has potential as both clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets of dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:2672-2681. [PMID: 34698812 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dermatomyositis (DM) is characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and cutaneous manifestations. Plasma exosomes (EXOs) contain proteins, RNAs, DNA, and lipid cargoes and are transferred among cells. Deeply investigated plasma EXO RNAs potentially improve our understanding of DM pathogenesis. We aimed to identify new potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of DM. METHODS The RNAs (mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA) profiles of plasma EXOs were evaluated by sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq 3000 platform. Differentially expressed (DE) RNAs and bioinformatic analyses were performed. Human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSkMCs) were stimulated with plasma EXOs, rapamycin or IFN-β. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to detect related genes and proteins. RESULTS A total of 689 DE mRNAs, 53 DE miRNAs and 452 DE lncRNAs were identified in DM plasma EXOs. Bioinformatic analysis inferred that plasma EXOs were secreted mainly by CD8+ T cells, regulatory T cells and natural killer cells. The DE miRNAs participated in the autophagy, TGF-β and Wnt signalling pathways. Three DE miRNAs (hsa-miR-125a-3p, hsa-miR-1246 and hsa-miR-3614-5p) were correlated with serological indices, organs involvement and myositis-specific autoantibodies. The DE lncRNAs participated in autophagy, interferon-β production and mTOR signalling. DM plasma EXOs can induce autophagy in HSkMCs by regulating 3 miRNAs (hsa-miR-125a-3p, hsa-miR-1246 and hsa-miR-3614-5p) and 3 lncRNAs (ENST00000584157.1, ENST00000523380.1, and ENST00000560054.1), which formed an autophagy network, playing the muscle damage roles. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides an overview of distinct RNAs profiles in DM plasma EXOs, and verified some miRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The findings provide important clues for more in-depth explorations of plasma EXOs in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Li
- The Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,The Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- The Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Di Liu
- The Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hui Luo
- The Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Huali Zhang
- The Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Peng
- The Department of Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guochun Wang
- The Department of Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- The Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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6
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Li L, Zuo X, Liu D, Luo H, Zhu H. The Functional Roles of RNAs Cargoes Released by Neutrophil-Derived Exosomes in Dermatomyositis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:727901. [PMID: 34603043 PMCID: PMC8484304 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.727901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by cutaneous manifestations. We first identified the profiles of noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs and miRNAs) in peripheral neutrophil exosomes (EXOs) of DM patients and explored their potential functional roles. Bioinformatics analyses were performed with R packages. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to validate the altered RNAs in DM neutrophil EXO-stimulated human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) and human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSkMCs). In DM neutrophil EXOs, 124 upregulated lncRNAs (with 1,392 target genes), 255 downregulated lncRNAs (with 1867 target genes), 17 upregulated miRNAs (with 2,908 target genes), and 15 downregulated miRNAs (with 2,176 target genes) were identified. GO analysis showed that the differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and DE miRNAs participated in interleukin-6 and interferon-beta production, skeletal muscle cell proliferation and development, and endothelial cell development and differentiation. KEGG analysis suggested that DE lncRNAs and DE miRNAs were enriched in the PI3K–Akt, MAPK, AMPK and FoxO signalling pathways. Many novel and valuable DE lncRNAs and DE miRNAs interacted and cotargeted in the PI3K–Akt, MAPK, AMPK and FoxO signalling pathways. Our study suggests that neutrophil EXOs participate in DM pathogenesis through lncRNAs and miRNAs in the PI3K–Akt, MAPK, AMPK and FoxO signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Li
- The Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- The Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Di Liu
- The Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Luo
- The Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- The Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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7
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Li Y, Yu Y, Xie Z, Ye X, Liu X, Xu B, Mao J. Serum-derived exosomes accelerate scald wound healing in mice by optimizing cellular functions and promoting Akt phosphorylation. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1675-1684. [PMID: 34014413 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Wound exudate holds great clinical and research potential in wound repair via paracrine signaling. In essence, exudate is modified serum that contains a high concentration of exosomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of serum-derived exosomes in scald wound healing of NIH mice skin and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Hence, we constructed a deep second-degree scald model in NIH mice, testing the benefits of exosomes in the scald wound healing. The scratch wound assay, apoptosis assay and MTT assay were conducted to assess the effects of serum-derived exosomes on migration, apoptosis and proliferation of HaCaT cells and fibroblasts. Our results showed that serum-derived exosomes injected subcutaneously entered cells and effectively accelerated wound healing processes in mice. Additionally, serum-derived exosomes optimized functions of cells related to skin injury repair by stimulating fibroblast proliferation, promoting HaCaT cell migration, and suppressing apoptosis of HaCaT cells induced by heat stress. Further study revealed that serum-derived exosomes enhanced phosphorylation of the serine-threonine kinase Akt in scalded skin tissue. These results suggest a potential clinical use of serum-derived exosomes for treating skin scald.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Li
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xie
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Ye
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Mao
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Leng L, Dong X, Gao X, Ran N, Geng M, Zuo B, Wu Y, Li W, Yan H, Han G, Yin H. Exosome-mediated improvement in membrane integrity and muscle function in dystrophic mice. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1459-1470. [PMID: 33333294 PMCID: PMC8058444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating genetic disorder that leads to compromised cellular membranes, caused by the absence of membrane-bound dystrophin protein. Muscle membrane leakage results in disrupted intracellular homeostasis, protein degradation, and muscle wasting. Improving muscle membrane integrity may delay disease progression and extend the lifespan of DMD patients. Here, we demonstrate that exosomes, membranous extracellular vesicles, can elicit functional improvements in dystrophic mice by improving muscle membrane integrity. Systemic administration of exosomes from different sources induced phenotypic rescue and mitigated pathological progression in dystrophic mice without detectable toxicity. Improved membrane integrity conferred by exosomes inhibited intracellular calcium influx and calcium-dependent activation of calpain proteases, preventing the degradation of the destabilized dystrophin-associated protein complex. We show that exosomes, particularly myotube-derived exosomes, induced functional improvements and alleviated muscle deterioration by stabilizing damaged muscle membrane in dystrophic mice. Our findings suggest that exosomes may have therapeutic implications for DMD and other diseases with compromised membranes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calpain/genetics
- Cell Membrane/genetics
- Cell Membrane/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Exosomes/genetics
- Exosomes/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Peptide Hydrolases/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Leng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xianjun Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ning Ran
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Mengyuan Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Bingfeng Zuo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Technology, Tianjin Ever Union Biotechnology, Tianjin 301900, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Gang Han
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Guangdong Road, Tianjin 300203, China.
| | - HaiFang Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China; School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Guangdong Road, Tianjin 300203, China; Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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9
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Dong X, Lei Y, Yu Z, Wang T, Liu Y, Han G, Zhang X, Li Y, Song Y, Xu H, Du M, Yin H, Wang X, Yan H. Exosome-mediated delivery of an anti-angiogenic peptide inhibits pathological retinal angiogenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5107-5126. [PMID: 33859737 PMCID: PMC8039955 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pathological angiogenesis is the hallmark of many vision-threatening diseases. Anti-VEGF is a primary treatment with substantial beneficial effects. However, such agents require frequent intravitreal injections. Our previous work established a method for effectively modifying exosomes (EXOs) for loading therapeutic peptides. Here, we used this system to load the anti-angiogenic peptide KV11, aiming to establish an EXO-based therapy strategy to suppress neovascularization in the retina. Methods: Using an anchoring peptide, CP05, we linked KV11 to endothelial cell (EC) derived EXOs, yielding EXOKV11. We tested the delivery efficiency of EXOKV11 via two commonly used ocular injection methods: retro-orbital injection and intravitreal injection. Deploying an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model and a VEGF injection model, we tested the effects of EXOKV11 on neovascular formation, EC proliferation, and vascular permeability. In vitro experiments were used to test the mechanism and to analyze the effects of EXOKV11 on EC proliferation, migration, and sprouting. Results: By using the EXO loading system, KV11 was more efficiently delivered to the blood vessels of the mouse retina via retro-orbital injection. In both OIR model and VEGF injection model, EXOKV11 was more effective than KV11 alone in inhibiting neovascularization and vessel leakage. The therapeutic effect of retro-orbital injection of EXOKV11 was comparable to the intravitreal injection of VEGF-trap. Mechanistically, KV11 alone inhibited VEGF-downstream signaling, while EXOKV11 showed a stronger effect. Conclusions: We used EXOs as a carrier for intraocular delivery of KV11. We showed that KV11 itself has an anti-angiogenic effect through retro-orbital injection, but that this effect was greatly enhanced when delivered with EXOs. Thus, this system has the potential to treat proliferative retinopathy via retro-orbital injection which is a less invasive manner compared with intravitreal injection.
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Lam NT, Gartz M, Thomas L, Haberman M, Strande JL. Influence of microRNAs and exosomes in muscle health and diseases. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2020; 41:269-284. [PMID: 31564031 PMCID: PMC7101267 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs are short, (18-22 nt) non-coding RNAs involved in important cellular processes due to their ability to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Exosomes are small (50-200 nm) extracellular vesicles, naturally secreted from a variety of living cells and are believed to mediate cell-cell communication through multiple mechanisms, including uptake in destination cells. Circulating microRNAs and exosome-derived microRNAs can have key roles in regulating muscle cell development and differentiation. Several microRNAs are highly expressed in muscle and their regulation is important for myocyte homeostasis. Changes in muscle associated microRNA expression are associated with muscular diseases including muscular dystrophies, inflammatory myopathies, and congenital myopathies. In this review, we aim to highlight the biology of microRNAs and exosomes as well as their roles in muscle health and diseases. We also discuss the potential crosstalk between skeletal and cardiac muscle through exosomes and their contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Thien Lam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Melanie Gartz
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Leah Thomas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Margaret Haberman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Medical College of Wisconsin, CVC/MEB 4679, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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11
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Zhang Y, Bi J, Huang J, Tang Y, Du S, Li P. Exosome: A Review of Its Classification, Isolation Techniques, Storage, Diagnostic and Targeted Therapy Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6917-6934. [PMID: 33061359 PMCID: PMC7519827 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s264498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 579] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, carrying nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and other bioactive substances to play a role in the body's physiological and pathological processes. Compared to synthetic carriers such as liposomes and nanoparticles, the endogeneity and heterogeneity of exosomes give them extensive and unique advantages in the field of disease diagnosis and treatment. However, the storage stability, low yield, low purity, and weak targeting of exosomes limit its clinical application. For this reason, further exploration is needed to optimize the above problems and facilitate future functional studies of exosomes. In this paper, the origin, classification, preparation and characterization, storage stability and applications of exosome delivery system are summarized and discussed by searching a large number of literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayao Bi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyue Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Xiao Y, Zhu H, Li L, Gao S, Liu D, Dai B, Li Q, Duan H, Yang H, Li Q, Zhang H, Luo H, Zuo X. Global analysis of protein expression in muscle tissues of dermatomyositis/polymyosisits patients demonstrated an association between dysferlin and human leucocyte antigen A. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 58:kez085. [PMID: 30907425 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES DM and PM are characterized by myofibre damage with inflammatory cell infiltration due to the strong expressions of MHC class I HLA-A and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Dysferlin (DYSF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that anchors in the sarcolemma of myofibres. DYSF mutation is closely associated with inherited myopathies. This study aimed to determine the role of DYSF in the development of DM/PM. METHODS Mass spectrometry was performed in muscle tissues from DM/PM patients and controls. The DYSF levels in muscle tissue, peripheral blood cells and serum were detected by Western blotting, IF, flow cytometry or ELISA. Double IF and co-immunoprecipitation were used to investigate the relationship between DYSF and HLA-A. RESULTS Mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis findings suggested the dysregulated proteins in DM/PM patients participated in common biological processes and pathways, such as the generation of precursor metabolites and energy. DYSF was upregulated in the muscle tissue and serum of DM/PM patients. DYSF was mainly expressed in myofibres and co-localized with HLA-A and MCP-1. DYSF and HLA-A expressions were elevated in myocytes and endothelial cells after being stimulated by patient serum and IFN-β. However, no direct interactions were found between DYSF and HLA-A by co-immunoprecipitation. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the dysregulated proteins involved in common and specific biological processes in DM/PM patient samples. DYSF is upregulated and exhibits a potential role along with that of HLA-A and MCP-1 in inflammatory cell infiltration and muscle damage during the development of DM/PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liya Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siming Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingying Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuxiang Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huiqian Duan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quanzhen Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Huali Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Rheumatology and Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Bu H, He D, He X, Wang K. Exosomes: Isolation, Analysis, and Applications in Cancer Detection and Therapy. Chembiochem 2018; 20:451-461. [PMID: 30371016 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived small extracellular vesicles that are naturally secreted by all types of cells and widely distributed in various biofluids. They carry a variety of key bioactive molecules (e.g., nucleic acids, proteins, growth factors, cytokines) from their parent cells and convey them to neighboring or even distant cells through circulation. In recent years, tumor-derived exosomes have attracted great interest from investigators because they actively participate in nearly all aspects of tumor development and facilitate both tumor growth and metastasis through exosome-mediated intercellular communication. The vesicular contents are increasingly considered potential biomarkers for tumor diagnoses and prognosis. With the progress made in isolation and analytical technologies, the functions of exosomes and their contents in tumor development are also becoming clearer. In this review article we describe the recent developments in exosome isolation techniques and analysis of exosomal contents. We also address their applications in cancer detection and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Dinggeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
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Dai Y, Liang S, Dong X, Zhao Y, Ren H, Guan Y, Yin H, Li C, Chen L, Cui L, Banerjee S. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel DAG1 mutation in a patient with rare, mild and late age of onset muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:811-818. [PMID: 30450679 PMCID: PMC6349151 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy‐dystroglycanopathy (limb‐girdle), type C, 9 (MDDGC9) is the rarest type of autosomal recessive muscular dystrophies. MDDGC9 is manifested with an early onset in childhood. Patients with MDDGC9 usually identified with defective glycosylation of DAG1, hence it is known as “dystroglycanopathies”. Here, we report a Chinese pedigree presented with mild MDDGC9. The proband is a 64 years old Chinese man. In this family, both the proband and proband's younger brother have been suffering from mild and late onset MDDGC9. Muscle biopsy showed that the left deltoid muscle with an advanced stage of dystrophic change. Immunohistochemistry staining of dystrophin, α‐sarcoglycan, β‐sarcoglycan and dysferlin are normal. Molecular genetic analysis of the proband has been done with whole exome sequencing. A homozygous novel missense mutation (c.2326C>T; p.R776C) in the exon 3 of the DAG1 gene has been identified in the proband. Sanger sequencing revealed that this missense mutation is co‐segregated well among the affected and unaffected (carrier) family members. This mutation is not detected in 200 normal healthy control individuals. This novel homozygous missense mutation (c.2326C>T) causes substitution of arginine by cystine at the position of 776 (p.R776C) which is evolutionarily highly conserved. Immunoblotting studies revealed that a significant reduction of α‐dystroglycan expression in the muscle tissue. The novelty of our study is that it is a first report of DAG1 associated muscular dystrophy‐dystroglycanopathy (limb‐girdle), type C, 9 (MDDGC9) with mild and late age of onset. In Chinese population this is the first report of DAG1 associated MDDGC9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dai
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengran Liang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhuan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Ren
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhou Guan
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifang Yin
- Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Cui
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Neurosciences Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Santasree Banerjee
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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