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Qu Y, Gao N, Zhang S, Gao L, He B, Wang C, Gong C, Shi Q, Li Z, Yang S, Xiao Y. Role of N6-methyladenosine RNA modification in cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e715. [PMID: 39252821 PMCID: PMC11381670 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modification of RNA in eukaryotic cells. Previous studies have shown that m6A is pivotal in diverse diseases especially cancer. m6A corelates with the initiation, progression, resistance, invasion, and metastasis of cancer. However, despite these insights, a comprehensive understanding of its specific roles and mechanisms within the complex landscape of cancer is still elusive. This review begins by outlining the key regulatory proteins of m6A modification and their posttranslational modifications (PTMs), as well as the role in chromatin accessibility and transcriptional activity within cancer cells. Additionally, it highlights that m6A modifications impact cancer progression by modulating programmed cell death mechanisms and affecting the tumor microenvironment through various cancer-associated immune cells. Furthermore, the review discusses how microorganisms can induce enduring epigenetic changes and oncogenic effect in microorganism-associated cancers by altering m6A modifications. Last, it delves into the role of m6A modification in cancer immunotherapy, encompassing RNA therapy, immune checkpoint blockade, cytokine therapy, adoptive cell transfer therapy, and direct targeting of m6A regulators. Overall, this review clarifies the multifaceted role of m6A modification in cancer and explores targeted therapies aimed at manipulating m6A modification, aiming to advance cancer research and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Nannan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Limin Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Bing He
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Chunli Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Qiuyue Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Yufeng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University Chongqing China
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2
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Wang Y, Zhou D, Ma H, Liu D, Liang Y, Zhu S. An ultra-small organic dye nanocluster for enhancing NIR-II imaging-guided surgery outcomes. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:2941-2952. [PMID: 38581443 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The accuracy of surgery for patients with solid tumors can be greatly improved through fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS). However, existing FGS technologies have limitations due to their low penetration depth and sensitivity/selectivity, which are particularly prevalent in the relatively short imaging window (< 900 nm). A solution to these issues is near-infrared-II (NIR-II) FGS, which benefits from low autofluorescence and scattering under the long imaging window (> 900 nm). However, the inherent self-assembly of organic dyes has led to high accumulation in main organs, resulting in significant background signals and potential long-term toxicity. METHODS We rationalize the donor structure of donor-acceptor-donor-based dyes to control the self-assembly process to form an ultra-small dye nanocluster, thus facilitating renal excretion and minimizing background signals. RESULTS Our dye nanocluster can not only show clear vessel imaging, tumor and tumor sentinel lymph nodes definition, but also achieve high-performance NIR-II imaging-guided surgery of tumor-positive sentinel lymph nodes. CONCLUSION In summary, our study demonstrates that the dye nanocluster-based NIR-II FGS has substantially improved outcomes for radical lymphadenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huilong Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahai Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongye Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Boykoff N, Grimm J. Current clinical applications of Cerenkov luminescence for intraoperative molecular imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:2931-2940. [PMID: 38243119 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) is a new emerging technology that can be used for optical imaging of approved radiotracers, both in a preclinical, and even more recently, in a clinical context with rapid imaging times, low costs, and detection in real-time (Grootendorst et al. Clin Transl Imaging 4(5):353-66, 2016); Wang et al. Photonics 9(6):390, 2022). This brief review provides an overview of clinical applications of CLI with a focus on intraoperative margin assessment (IMA) to address shortcomings and provide insight for future work in this application. METHODS A literature review was performed using PubMed using the search words Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI), intraoperative margin assessment (IMA), and image-guided surgery. Articles were selected based on title, abstract, content, and application. RESULTS Original research was summarized to examine advantages and limitations of CLI compared to other modalities for IMA. The characteristics of Cerenkov luminescence (CL) are defined, and results from relevant clinical trials are discussed. Prospects of ongoing clinical trials are reviewed, along with technological advancements related to CLI. CONCLUSION CLI is a proven method for molecular imaging and shows feasibility for determining intraoperative margins if future work involves establishing quantitative approaches for attenuation and scattering, depth analysis, and radiation safety for CLI at a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Boykoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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4
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Tang Y, Liu R, Liu H, Peng R, Su B, Tu D, Wang S, Chen C, Jiang G, Jin S, Cao J, Zhang C, Bai D. Effects of Indocyanine Green (ICG) Imaging-Assisted Cholecystectomy on Intraoperative and Postoperative Complications: A meta-Analysis. Surg Innov 2024; 31:362-372. [PMID: 38656291 DOI: 10.1177/15533506241246335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate recognition of Calot's triangle during cholecystectomy is important in preventing intraoperative and postoperative complications. The use of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has become increasingly prevalent in cholecystectomy procedures. Our study aimed to evaluate the specific effects of ICG-assisted imaging in reducing complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search of databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Europe PMC, and WANFANGH DATA was conducted to identify relevant articles up to July 5, 2023. Review Manager 5.3 software was applied to statistical analysis. RESULTS Our meta-analysis of 14 studies involving 3576 patients compared the ICG group (1351 patients) to the control group (2225 patients). The ICG group had a lower incidence of postoperative complications (4.78% vs 7.25%; RR .71; 95%CI: .54-.95; P = .02). Bile leakage was significantly reduced in the ICG group (.43% vs 2.02%; RR = .27; 95%CI: .12-.62; I2 = 0; P = .002), and they also had a lower bile duct drainage rate (24.8% vs 31.8% RR = .64, 95% CI: .44-.91, P = .01). Intraoperative complexes showed no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (1.16% vs 9.24%; RR .17; 95%CI .03-1.02), but the incidence of intraoperative bleeding is lower in the ICG group. CONCLUSION ICG fluorescence imaging-assisted cholecystectomy was associated with a range of benefits, including a lower incidence of postoperative complications, decreased rates of bile leakage, reduced bile duct drainage, fewer intraoperative complications, and reduced intraoperative bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Renjie Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huanxiang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daoyuan Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shunyi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Subei People's Hospital Hepatobiliary Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Subei People's Hospital Hepatobiliary Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Subei People's Hospital Hepatobiliary Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dousheng Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Subei People's Hospital Hepatobiliary Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Yangzhou, China
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Zhang X, Wang P, Shi G, Tang C, Xue H. AUNP-12 Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probes across NIR-I to NIR-II Enable In Vivo Detection of PD-1/PD-L1 Axis in the Tumor Microenvironment. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:1064-1074. [PMID: 38980173 PMCID: PMC11261610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The innovative PD-1/PD-L1 pathway strategy is gaining significant traction in cancer therapeutics. However, fluctuating response rates of 20-40% to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, coupled with the risk of hyperprogression after immunotherapy, underscore the need for accurate patient selection and the identification of more beneficiaries. Molecular imaging, specifically near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging, is a valuable alternative for real-time, noninvasive visualization of dynamic PD-L1 expression in vivo. This research introduces AUNP-12, a novel PD-L1-targeting peptide antagonist conjugated with Cy5.5 and CH1055 for first (NIR-I) and second near-infrared (NIR-II) imaging. These probes have proven to be effective in mapping PD-L1 expression across various mouse tumor models, offering insights into tumor-immune interactions. This study highlights the potential of AUNP-12-Cy5.5 and AUNP-12-CH1055 for guiding clinical immunotherapy through precise patient stratification and dynamic monitoring, supporting the shift toward molecular imaging for personalized cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Department
of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases,
Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking
Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department
of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research
Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese People’s
Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Guangyuan Shi
- University
of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chu Tang
- Engineering
Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education,
School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian
University, Xi’an 710126, China
| | - Huadan Xue
- Department
of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases,
Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking
Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
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Zhang Z, Du Y, Shi X, Wang K, Qu Q, Liang Q, Ma X, He K, Chi C, Tang J, Liu B, Ji J, Wang J, Dong J, Hu Z, Tian J. NIR-II light in clinical oncology: opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:449-467. [PMID: 38693335 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Novel strategies utilizing light in the second near-infrared region (NIR-II; 900-1,880 nm wavelengths) offer the potential to visualize and treat solid tumours with enhanced precision. Over the past few decades, numerous techniques leveraging NIR-II light have been developed with the aim of precisely eliminating tumours while maximally preserving organ function. During cancer surgery, NIR-II optical imaging enables the visualization of clinically occult lesions and surrounding vital structures with increased sensitivity and resolution, thereby enhancing surgical quality and improving patient prognosis. Furthermore, the use of NIR-II light promises to improve cancer phototherapy by enabling the selective delivery of increased therapeutic energy to tissues at greater depths. Initial clinical studies of NIR-II-based imaging and phototherapy have indicated impressive potential to decrease cancer recurrence, reduce complications and prolong survival. Despite the encouraging results achieved, clinical translation of innovative NIR-II techniques remains challenging and inefficient; multidisciplinary cooperation is necessary to bridge the gap between preclinical research and clinical practice, and thus accelerate the translation of technical advances into clinical benefits. In this Review, we summarize the available clinical data on NIR-II-based imaging and phototherapy, demonstrating the feasibility and utility of integrating these technologies into the treatment of cancer. We also introduce emerging NIR-II-based approaches with substantial potential to further enhance patient outcomes, while also highlighting the challenges associated with imminent clinical studies of these modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaojun Qu
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qian Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kunshan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chongwei Chi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiang Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Thoracic Oncology Institute/Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhenhua Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.
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7
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Ullah Z, Roy S, Gu J, Ko Soe S, Jin J, Guo B. NIR-II Fluorescent Probes for Fluorescence-Imaging-Guided Tumor Surgery. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:282. [PMID: 38920586 PMCID: PMC11201439 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging is the most advanced imaging fidelity method with extraordinary penetration depth, signal-to-background ratio, biocompatibility, and targeting ability. It is currently booming in the medical realm to diagnose tumors and is being widely applied for fluorescence-imaging-guided tumor surgery. To efficiently execute this modern imaging modality, scientists have designed various probes capable of showing fluorescence in the NIR-II window. Here, we update the state-of-the-art NIR-II fluorescent probes in the most recent literature, including indocyanine green, NIR-II emissive cyanine dyes, BODIPY probes, aggregation-induced emission fluorophores, conjugated polymers, donor-acceptor-donor dyes, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots for imaging-guided tumor surgery. Furthermore, we point out that the new materials with fluorescence in NIR-III and higher wavelength range to further optimize the imaging results in the medical realm are a new challenge for the scientific world. In general, we hope this review will serve as a handbook for researchers and students who have an interest in developing and applying fluorescent probes for NIR-II fluorescence-imaging-guided surgery and that it will expedite the clinical translation of the probes from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia Ullah
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.U.); (S.R.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Shubham Roy
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.U.); (S.R.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Jingshi Gu
- Education Center of Experiments and Innovations, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Sai Ko Soe
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.U.); (S.R.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Jian Jin
- Education Center of Experiments and Innovations, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Z.U.); (S.R.); (S.K.S.)
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8
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Naderi PM, Zargoosh K, Qandalee M, Firuzi O, Behmadi H, Hosseinkhani S, Ghafary SM, Durán-Valle CJ, López-Coca IM. A Fluorescent Furan-based Probe with Protected Functional Groups for Highly Selective and Non-Toxic Imaging of HT-29 Cancer Cells and 4T1 Tumors. Chempluschem 2024:e202400095. [PMID: 38787798 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Most of the previously reported fluorescent organic probes for cancer cell and tumor imaging have significant limitations including chemical toxicity, structural instability, low Stokes shift value, and the inability for selective accumulations in tumors during in vivo imaging. To overcome the mentioned challenges, we synthesized the fluorescent probes with protected polar functional groups to enhance the non-toxicity nature and increase the selectivity toward tumors. In addition, the structural rigidity of the fluorescent probes was increased by embedding aromatic rings in the probe structure. This issue enables us to obtain ultrabright cell images due to enhanced fluorescence quantum yield (ΦFL) values. After synthesis and spectral characterizations, the applicability of two furan-based and imidazole-based fluorescent probes ( abbreviated as DCPEF and DBPPI, respectively) was investigated for ultrabright in vitro and in vivo imaging of cancer cells. The probe DCPEF shows the ΦFL value of 0.946 and the Stocks shift of 86 nm. In addition, probe DBPPI offers the ΦFL value of 0.400 and a Stocks shift of 150 nm. The MTT colorimetric cytotoxicity assay showed that probe DCPEF has minimal effects against HT-29 (cancer) and Vero (normal) cells. The probe DCPEF produced ultrabright fluorescence images from HT-29 cells. In addition, in vivo imaging of cancer cells showed that probe DCPEF selectively accumulates in the 4T1 tumor in mice. The spectral and chemical stability, minimal cytotoxicity, significant Stokes shift, and high degree of selectivity for tumor cells during in vivo imaging make DCPEF an appropriate candidate to be used as a standard probe for cancer cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Mehdizadeh Naderi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Kiomars Zargoosh
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Qandalee
- Department of Basic Sciences, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, 3581631167, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hossein Behmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Soroush Moasses Ghafary
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Carlos J Durán-Valle
- IACYS, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| | - Ignacio M López-Coca
- INTERRA, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Technology, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres - 10003, Spain
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9
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Li M, Sun B, Zheng X, Ma S, Zhu S, Zhang S, Wang X. NIR-II Ratiometric Fluorescence Probes Enable Precise Determination of the Metastatic Status of Sentinel Lymph Nodes. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1339-1348. [PMID: 38382082 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Accurately determining the metastatic status of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) through noninvasive imaging with high imaging resolution and sensitivity is crucial for cancer therapy. Herein, we report a dual-tracer-based NIR-II ratiometric fluorescence nanoplatform combining targeted and nontargeted moieties to determine the metastatic status of SLNs through the recording of ratio signals. Ratiometric fluorescence imaging revealed approximately 2-fold increases in signals in tumor-draining SLNs compared to inflamed and normal SLNs. Additionally, inflamed SLNs were diagnosed by combining the ratio value with the enlarged size outputted by NIR-II fluorescence imaging. The metastatic status diagnostic results obtained through NIR-II ratiometric fluorescence signals were further confirmed by standard H&E staining, indicating that the ratiometric fluorescence strategy could achieve distant metastases detection. Furthermore, the superior imaging quality of ratiometric probes enables visualization of the detailed change in the lymphatic network accompanying tumor growth. Compared to clinically available and state-of-the-art NIR contrast agents, our dual-tracer-based NIR-II ratiometric fluorescence probes provide significantly improved performance, allowing for the quick assessment of lymphatic function and guiding the removal of tumor-infiltrating SLNs during cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zheng
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Ma
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Songling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
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10
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Wongso H, Kurniawan A, Setiadi Y, Kusumaningrum CE, Widyasari EM, Wibawa TH, Mahendra I, Febrian MB, Sriyani ME, Halimah I, Daruwati I, Gunawan R, Achmad A, Nugraha DH, Lesmana R, Nugraha AS. Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO): A Promising Molecular Target for Image-Guided Surgery of Solid Cancers. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:86-104. [PMID: 38585455 PMCID: PMC10997928 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The translocator protein 18-kDa (TSPO) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that is previously identified as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR). Furthermore, it plays a significant role in a diverse range of biochemical processes, including steroidogenesis, mitochondrial cholesterol transport, cell survival and death, cell proliferation, and carcinogenesis. Several investigations also reported its roles in various types of cancers, including colorectal, brain, breast, prostate, and lung cancers, as well as melanoma. According to a previous study, the expression of TSPO was upregulated in cancer cells, which corresponds to an aggressive phenotype and/or poor prognosis. Consequently, the potential for crafting diagnostic and prognostic tools with a focus on TSPO holds great potential. In this context, several radioligands designed to target this protein have been identified, and some of the candidates have advanced to clinical trials. In recent years, the use of hybrid probes with radioactive and fluorescence molecules for image-guided surgery has exhibited promising results in animal and human studies. This indicates that the approach can serve as a valuable surgical navigator during cancer surgery. The current hybrid probes are built from various molecular platforms, including small molecules, nanoparticles, and antibodies. Although several TSPO-targeted imaging probes have been developed, their development for image-guided surgery of cancers is still limited. Therefore, this review aims to highlight recent findings on the involvement of TSPO in carcinogenesis, as well as provide a new perspective on the potential application of TSPO-targeted hybrid probes for image-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendris Wongso
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Kurniawan
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Yanuar Setiadi
- Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Crhisterra E. Kusumaningrum
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Eva M. Widyasari
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Teguh H.A. Wibawa
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Isa Mahendra
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad B. Febrian
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Maula E. Sriyani
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Iim Halimah
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Isti Daruwati
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Gunawan
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Puspiptek, Banten 15314, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Arifudin Achmad
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Theranostics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161
- Oncology and Stem Cells Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161
| | | | - Ronny Lesmana
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Physiology Molecular, Division of Biological Activity, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Sciences, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ari S. Nugraha
- Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
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11
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Zhang L, Zhang R, Cong X, He M, Zhao X, Fan J, Peng X, Cui J, Sun W. Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probe for Monoamine Oxidase A with a Large Stokes Shift for Intraoperative Navigation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1115-1124. [PMID: 38194480 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is a dimeric flavoprotein that is found in the mitochondrial membrane. Currently, there is a lack of near-infrared fluorescent probes (NIR-FPs) with good specificity and high sensitivity for detecting MAO-A, making it difficult to accurately recognize and image cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the NIR-FP DDM-NH2 was designed and synthesized in order to detect MAO-A specifically in live biological systems. The probe comprised two functional components: dicyanoisophosphone as an NIR dye precursor and alanine as a recognition moiety. After identifying MAO-A, the probe exhibited an NIR emission peak at 770 nm with a significant Stokes shift (180 nm), 11-fold response factor, low detection limit of 99.7 nM, and considerably higher affinity toward MAO-A than that toward MAO-B, indicating high sensitivity. In addition, DDM-NH2 was effective when applied to the image-based assessment of MAO-A activity in HeLa cells, zebrafish, and tumor-bearing mice, demonstrating great potential for visualization-based research and MAO-A application in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xinyue Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Maomao He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingnan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China
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12
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Ali V, Kefayati H, Shafiee Ardestani M, Pourahmad A. Synthesis and evaluation of new magneto-fluorescent carbon dot based on manganese citrate for MRI imaging. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 37:139-148. [PMID: 37861938 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-023-01117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medical imaging techniques have widely revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of various health conditions. Among these techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has stood out as a noninvasive and versatile tool. Now, a breakthrough innovation called "manganese-carbon dots" is poised to enhance MRI imaging and provide physicians with even greater insight into the human body. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, one-pot hydrothermal method was used to fabricate magneto-fluorescent carbon quantum dots using manganese citrate, urea, and Mn2+. Manganese citrateAQ3 acted as a carbon source and contrast agent. TEM,XPS, FTIR, UV-Vis, fluorescent analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of magneto-fluorescent carbon quantum dots. The MTT assay was used to study its biocompatiblity, Finallay application of itscompound for mri imaging was investigated. RESULTS Characterization Techniques confirmed the succesful synthesis of product. MTT assay showed no toxicity of this product on HEK-293 cells. In addition, it exhibited high r1 relaxivity (7.4 mM-1 S-1) suggesting excellent potential of magneto-fluorescent carbon quantum dots as MRI T1 contrast agent and enabling specific imaging. CONCLUSION Based on the results obtained, the synthesized carbon quantum dots could be used as fluorescence/MRI bimodal platform for in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hassan Kefayati
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Pourahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
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13
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Azari F, Kennedy GT, Chang A, Low P, Basil M, Planer J, Katzen J, Eruslanov E, Albelda S, Singhal S. Molecular Imaging in Precision-Cut Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Slices. Ann Thorac Surg 2024; 117:458-465. [PMID: 37572959 PMCID: PMC10841063 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small animal models remain invaluable for the preclinical study of emerging molecular imaging agents. However, the data obtained in this setting are generated in genetically homogenous animals that do not mimic human pathophysiology. The purpose of this study was to prospectively validate precision-cut lung slices (PCLSs) obtained from patients with lung cancer as a translational tool for the development of targeted fluorophores. METHODS The lung tissue was gently inflated with 2% Low-Melt Agarose (Fisher, 16520050) to avoid lung damage and minimize inflation pressure. The slices were then loaded into specialized cylindrical cartridges and inserted into a compressotome, and slices 150 to 350 μm thick were cut. Samples were incubated with fluorophore conjugates for ex vivo validation and immunohistochemical staining for receptor expression. RESULTS A total of 184 unique 3-dimensional, architecturally preserved normal lung and non-small cell lung cancer samples were obtained between 2020 and 2022. The median nodule size was 1.1 ± 0.21 cm for benign lesions and 2.1 ± 0.19 cm for malignant nodules. A total of 101 of 135 (74.8%) malignant lesions were adenocarcinoma spectrum lung cancers. The median viability was 9.78 ± 1.86 days, and 1 μM of FAPL-S0456 (high-affinity fibroblast activation protein [FAP] targeting ligand linked to the near-infrared fluorophore S0456, On Target Laboratories)-targeted near-infrared fluorochrome localization demonstrated correlative labeling of FAP-positive tumor areas with a correlation coefficient of +0.94 (P < .01). There was no FAP fluorochrome uptake in normal lungs (r = -1; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS PCLSs comprise a novel human tissue-based translational model that can be used to validate the efficacy of molecular imaging fluorochromes. PCLSs preserve the tumor microenvironment and parenchymal architecture that closely resemble the interactions of the immune and stromal components in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feredun Azari
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory T Kennedy
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashley Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Philip Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Maria Basil
- Department of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Planer
- Department of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeremy Katzen
- Department of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evgeniy Eruslanov
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven Albelda
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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14
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Bakhti A, Shokouhi Z, Mohammadipanah F. Modulation of proteins by rare earth elements as a biotechnological tool. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129072. [PMID: 38163500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Although rare earth element (REE) complexes are often utilized in bioimaging due to their photo- and redox stability, magnetic and optical characteristics, they are also applied for pharmaceutical applications due to their interaction with macromolecules namely proteins. The possible implications induced by REEs through modification in the function or regulatory activity of the proteins trigger a variety of applications for these elements in biomedicine and biotechnology. Lanthanide complexes have particularly been applied as anti-biofilm agents, cancer inhibitors, potential inflammation inhibitors, metabolic elicitors, and helper agents in the cultivation of unculturable strains, drug delivery, tissue engineering, photodynamic, and radiation therapy. This paper overviews emerging applications of REEs in biotechnology, especially in biomedical imaging, tumor diagnosis, and treatment along with their potential toxic effects. Although significant advances in applying REEs have been made, there is a lack of comprehensive studies to identify the potential of all REEs in biotechnology since only four elements, Eu, Ce, Gd, and La, among 17 REEs have been mostly investigated. However, in depth research on ecotoxicology, environmental behavior, and biological functions of REEs in the health and disease status of living organisms is required to fill the vital gaps in our understanding of REEs applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Bakhti
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155-6455 Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shokouhi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155-6455 Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadipanah
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155-6455 Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Wongso H, Kurniawan A, Forentin AM, Susilo VY, Setiadi Y, Mahendra I, Febrian MB, Rosdianto AM, Setiawan I, Goenawan H, Susianti S, Supratman U, Widyasari EM, Wibawa TH, Sriyani ME, Halimah I, Lesmana R. New hybrid radio-fluorescent probes [ 131I]-BPF-01 and [ 131I]-BPF-02 for visualisation of cancer cells: Synthesis and preliminary in vitro and ex vivo evaluations. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20710. [PMID: 37860547 PMCID: PMC10582398 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We synthesised and biologically evaluated two new hybrid probes [131I]BPF-01 and [131I]BPF-02 which were built from three structural entities: benzothiazole-phenyl, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and iodine-131. These probes were designed for potential applications in assisting surgical procedures of solid cancers. The cytotoxicity study demonstrated that fluorescent probes BPF-01 (31.23 μg/mL) and BPF-02 (250 μg/mL) were relatively not toxic to normal immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells, as indicated by the percentage of cell survival above 50 %. Furthermore, both probes displayed low to moderate anticancer activity against the breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and prostate cancer cells (LNCaP and DU-145). The probe BPF-01 apparently showed an accumulation in the tumour tissues, as suggested by ex vivo fluorescence examinations. In addition, the cellular uptake study suggests that hybrid probe [131I]-BPF-01 was potentially accumulated in the MCF-7 cell line with the highest uptake of 16.11 ± 1.52 % after 2 h of incubation, approximately 50-fold higher than the accumulation of iodine-131 (control). The magnetic bead assay suggests that [131I]-BPF-02 and [131I]-BPF-02 showed a promising capability to interact with translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO). Moreover, the computational data showed that the binding scores for ligands 7-8, BPF-01 and BPF-02, and [131I]-BPF-01 and [131I]-BPF-02 in the TSPO were considerably high. Accordingly, fluorescent probes BPF-01 and BPF-02, and hybrid probes [131I]BPF-01 and [131I]BPF-02 can be further developed for targeting cancer cells during intraoperative tumour surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendris Wongso
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Kurniawan
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Alfian M. Forentin
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Veronika Y. Susilo
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Yanuar Setiadi
- Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Isa Mahendra
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad B. Febrian
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Aziiz M. Rosdianto
- Department of Biomedical Science, Physiology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Sciences, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Iwan Setiawan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Physiology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Sciences, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Hanna Goenawan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Physiology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Sciences, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Susianti Susianti
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Eva M. Widyasari
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Teguh H.A. Wibawa
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Maula E. Sriyani
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Iim Halimah
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Puspiptek, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Department of Biomedical Science, Physiology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Sciences, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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16
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Zhang J, Zhang G, Chen Y, Li K, Zhao F, Yi H, Su L, Cao X. Regularized reconstruction based on joint smoothly clipped absolute deviation regularization and graph manifold learning for fluorescence molecular tomography. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:195004. [PMID: 37647921 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acf55a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) is an optical imaging modality that provides high sensitivity and low cost, which can offer the three-dimensional distribution of biomarkers by detecting the fluorescently labeled probe noninvasively. In the field of preclinical cancer diagnosis and treatment, FMT has gained significant traction. Nonetheless, the current FMT reconstruction results suffer from unsatisfactory morphology and location accuracy of the fluorescence distribution, primarily due to the light scattering effect and the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem.Approach.To address these challenges, a regularized reconstruction method based on joint smoothly clipped absolute deviation regularization and graph manifold learning (SCAD-GML) for FMT is presented in this paper. The SCAD-GML approach combines the sparsity of the fluorescent sources with the latent manifold structure of fluorescent source distribution to achieve more accurate and sparse reconstruction results. To obtain the reconstruction results efficiently, the non-convex gradient descent iterative method is employed to solve the established objective function. To assess the performance of the proposed SCAD-GML method, a comprehensive evaluation is conducted through numerical simulation experiments as well asin vivoexperiments.Main results.The results demonstrate that the SCAD-GML method outperforms other methods in terms of both location and shape recovery of fluorescence biomarkers distribution.Siginificance.These findings indicate that the SCAD-GML method has the potential to advance the application of FMT inin vivobiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Cultural Heritage Digitization, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Gege Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Cultural Heritage Digitization, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Cultural Heritage Digitization, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Cultural Heritage Digitization, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjun Zhao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangjian Yi
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Linzhi Su
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Cultural Heritage Digitization, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Cao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Cultural Heritage Digitization, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, People's Republic of China
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17
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Mondal A, Kang J, Kim D. Recent Progress in Fluorescent Probes for Real-Time Monitoring of Glioblastoma. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3484-3503. [PMID: 36917648 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Treating glioblastoma (GBM) by resecting to a large extent can prolong a patient's survival by controlling the tumor cells, but excessive resection may produce postoperative complications by perturbing the brain structures. Therefore, various imaging procedures have been employed to successfully diagnose and resect with utmost caution and to protect vital structural or functional features. Fluorescence tagging is generally used as an intraoperative imaging technique in glioma cells in collaboration with other surgical tools such as MRI and navigation methods. However, the existing fluorescent probes may have several limitations, including poor selectivity, less photostability, false signals, and intraoperative re-administration when used in clinical and preclinical studies for glioma surgery. The involvement of smart fluorogenic materials, specifically fluorescent dyes, and biomarker-amended cell-penetrable fluorescent probes have noteworthy advantages for precise glioma imaging. This review outlines the contemporary advancements of fluorescent probes for imaging glioma cells along with their challenges and visions, with the anticipation to develop next-generation smart glioblastoma detection modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Mondal
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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18
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Wei J, Liu C, Liang W, Yang X, Han S. Advances in optical molecular imaging for neural visualization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1250594. [PMID: 37671191 PMCID: PMC10475611 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1250594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iatrogenic nerve injury is a significant complication in surgery, which can negatively impact patients' quality of life. Currently, the main clinical neuroimaging methods, such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and high-resolution ultrasonography, do not offer precise real-time positioning images for doctors during surgery. The clinical application of optical molecular imaging technology has led to the emergence of new concepts such as optical molecular imaging surgery, targeted surgery, and molecular-guided surgery. These advancements have made it possible to directly visualize surgical target areas, thereby providing a novel method for real-time identification of nerves during surgery planning. Unlike traditional white light imaging, optical molecular imaging technology enables precise positioning and identifies the cation of intraoperative nerves through the presentation of color images. Although a large number of experiments and data support its development, there are few reports on its actual clinical application. This paper summarizes the research results of optical molecular imaging technology and its ability to realize neural visualization. Additionally, it discusses the challenges neural visualization recognition faces and future development opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzheng Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenkai Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shufeng Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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19
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Kwon MJ, House BJ, Barth CW, Solanki A, Jones JA, Davis SC, Gibbs SL. Dual probe difference specimen imaging for prostate cancer margin assessment. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:082806. [PMID: 37082104 PMCID: PMC10111791 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.8.082806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance Positive margin status due to incomplete removal of tumor tissue during radical prostatectomy for high-risk localized prostate cancer requires reoperation or adjuvant therapy, which increases morbidity and mortality. Adverse effects of prostate cancer treatments commonly include erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence, and bowel dysfunction, making successful initial curative prostatectomy imperative. Aim Current intraoperative tumor margin assessment is largely limited to frozen section analysis, which is a lengthy, labor-intensive process that is obtrusive to the clinical workflow within the operating room (OR). Therefore, a rapid method for prostate cancer margin assessment in the OR could improve outcomes for patients. Approach Dual probe difference specimen imaging (DDSI), which uses paired antibody-based probes that are labeled with spectrally distinct fluorophores, was shown herein for prostate cancer margin assessment. The paired antibody-based probes consisted of a targeted probe to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and an untargeted probe, which were used as a cocktail to stain resected murine tissue specimens including prostate tumor, adipose, muscle, and normal prostate. Ratiometric images (i.e., DDSI) of the difference between targeted and untargeted probe uptake were calculated and evaluated for accuracy using receiver operator characteristic curve analysis with area under the curve values used to evaluate the utility of the DDSI method to detect PSMA positive prostate cancer. Results Targeted and untargeted probe uptake was similar between the high and low PSMA expressing tumor due to nonspecific probe uptake after topical administration. The ratiometric DDSI approach showed substantial contrast difference between the PSMA positive tumors and their respective normal tissues (prostate, adipose, muscle). Furthermore, DDSI showed substantial contrast difference between the high PSMA expressing tumors and the minimally PSMA expressing tumors due to the ratiometric correction for the nonspecific uptake patterns in resected tissues. Conclusions Previous work has shown that ratiometic imaging has strong predictive value for breast cancer margin status using topical administration. Translation of the ratiometric DDSI methodology herein from breast to prostate cancers demonstrates it as a robust, ratiometric technique that provides a molecularly specific imaging modality for intraoperative margin detection. Using the validated DDSI protocol on resected prostate cancers permitted rapid and accurate assessment of PSMA status as a surrogate for prostate cancer margin status. Future studies will further evaluate the utility of this technology to quantitatively characterize prostate margin status using PSMA as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J. Kwon
- Oregon Health & Science University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Broderick J. House
- Oregon Health & Science University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Connor W. Barth
- Oregon Health & Science University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Allison Solanki
- Oregon Health & Science University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Jocelyn A. Jones
- Oregon Health & Science University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Scott C. Davis
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Summer L. Gibbs
- Oregon Health & Science University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Address all correspondence to Summer L. Gibbs,
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20
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Cuccurullo V, Rapa M, Catalfamo B, Cascini GL. Role of Nuclear Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping Compared to New Alternative Imaging Methods. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1219. [PMID: 37623469 PMCID: PMC10455335 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13081219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of sentinel node technology, many patients can be staged histopathologically using lymphatic mapping and selective lymphadenectomy. Structural imaging by using US, CT and MR permits precise measurement of lymph node volume, which is strongly associated with neoplastic involvement. Sentinel lymph node detection has been an ideal field of application for nuclear medicine because anatomical data fails to represent the close connections between the lymphatic system and regional lymph nodes, or, more specifically, to identify the first draining lymph node. Hybrid imaging has demonstrated higher accuracy than standard imaging in SLN visualization on images, but it did not change in terms of surgical detection. New alternatives without ionizing radiations are emerging now from "non-radiological" fields, such as ophthalmology and dermatology, where fluorescence or opto-acoustic imaging, for example, are widely used. In this paper, we will analyze the advantages and limits of the main innovative methods in sentinel lymph node detection, including innovations in lymphoscintigraphy techniques that persist as the gold standard to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cuccurullo
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Rapa
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Barbara Catalfamo
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (G.L.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Lucio Cascini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy (G.L.C.)
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21
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Azari F, Zhang K, Kennedy G, Bou-Samra P, Chang A, Nadeem B, Chang A, Galandarova A, Ibrahimli A, Karimov Z, Din A, Kucharczuk J, Doraid J, Pechet T, Delikatny E, Singhal S. Prospective validation of tumor folate receptor expression density with the association of pafolacianine fluorescence during intraoperative molecular imaging-guided lung cancer resections. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:2453-2465. [PMID: 36905412 PMCID: PMC10314365 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pafolacianine, a folate receptor alpha-targeted NIR tracer, has demonstrated clear efficacy in intraoperative molecular imaging-guided (IMI) lung cancer surgery. However, the selection of patients who would benefit from IMI remains challenging given the variability of fluorescence with patient-associated and histopathologic factors. Our goal in this study was to prospectively evaluate whether preoperative FRα/FRβ staining can predict pafolacianine-based fluorescence during real-time lung cancer resections. METHODS This was a prospective study conducted between 2018 and 2022 that reviewed core biopsy and intraoperative data from patients with suspected lung cancer. A total of 196 patients were deemed eligible, of whom core biopsies were taken from 38 patients and assessed for FRα and FRβ expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). All patients underwent infusion of pafolacianine 24 h prior to surgery. Intraoperative fluorescence images were captured with the VisionSense bandpass filter-enabled camera. All histopathologic assessments were performed by a board-certified thoracic pathologist. RESULTS Of the 38 patients, 5 (13.1%) were found to have benign lesions (necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, lymphoid aggregates) and 1 had metastatic non-lung nodule. Thirty (81.5%) had malignant lesions, with the vast majority (23, 77.4%) being lung adenocarcinoma (7 (22.5%) SCC). None of the benign tumors (0/5, 0%) exhibited in vivo fluorescence (mean TBR of 1.72), while 95% of the malignant tumors fluoresced (mean TBR of 3.11 ± 0.31) compared to squamous cell carcinoma (1.89 ± 0.29) of the lung and sarcomatous lung metastasis (2.32 ± 0.09) (p < 0.01). The TBR was significantly higher in the malignant tumors (p = 0.009). The median FRα and FRβ staining intensities were both 1.5 for benign tumors, while the FRα and FRβ staining intensities were 3 and 2 for malignant tumors, respectively. Increased FRα expression was significantly associated with the presence of fluorescence (p = 0.01), CONCLUSION: This prospective study sought to determine whether preoperative FRα and FRβ expression on core biopsy IHC correlates with intraoperative fluorescence during pafolacianine-guided surgery. These results, although of small sample size, including limited non-adenocarcinoma cohort, suggest that performing FRα IHC on preoperative core biopsies of adenocarcinomas as compared to squamous cell carcinomas could provide low-cost, clinically useful information for optimal patient selection which should be further explored in advanced clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feredun Azari
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kevin Zhang
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gregory Kennedy
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Patrick Bou-Samra
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Ohio State University School of Medicine, Ohio, Columbus, USA
| | - Ashley Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bilal Nadeem
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Austin Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Ziya Karimov
- Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izimir, Turkey
| | - Azra Din
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John Kucharczuk
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jarrar Doraid
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Taine Pechet
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Edward Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Nguyen AT, Kim HK. Recent Developments in PET and SPECT Radiotracers as Radiopharmaceuticals for Hypoxia Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1840. [PMID: 37514026 PMCID: PMC10385036 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a deficiency in the levels of oxygen, is a common feature of most solid tumors and induces many characteristics of cancer. Hypoxia is associated with metastases and strong resistance to radio- and chemotherapy, and can decrease the accuracy of cancer prognosis. Non-invasive imaging methods such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using hypoxia-targeting radiopharmaceuticals have been used for the detection and therapy of tumor hypoxia. Nitroimidazoles are bioreducible moieties that can be selectively reduced under hypoxic conditions covalently bind to intracellular macromolecules, and are trapped within hypoxic cells and tissues. Recently, there has been a strong motivation to develop PET and SPECT radiotracers as radiopharmaceuticals containing nitroimidazole moieties for the visualization and treatment of hypoxic tumors. In this review, we summarize the development of some novel PET and SPECT radiotracers as radiopharmaceuticals containing nitroimidazoles, as well as their physicochemical properties, in vitro cellular uptake values, in vivo biodistribution, and PET/SPECT imaging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
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Nguyen AT, Kim HK. Recent Advances of 68Ga-Labeled PET Radiotracers with Nitroimidazole in the Diagnosis of Hypoxia Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10552. [PMID: 37445730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive molecular imaging method extensively applied in the detection and treatment of various diseases. Hypoxia is a common phenomenon found in most solid tumors. Nitroimidazole is a group of bioreducible pharmacophores that selectively accumulate in hypoxic regions of the body. Over the past few decades, many scientists have reported the use of radiopharmaceuticals containing nitroimidazole for the detection of hypoxic tumors. Gallium-68, a positron-emitting radioisotope, has a favorable half-life time of 68 min and can be conveniently produced by 68Ge/68Ga generators. Recently, there has been significant progress in the preparation of novel 68Ga-labeled complexes bearing nitroimidazole moieties for the diagnosis of hypoxia. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of developing 68Ga-labeled radiopharmaceuticals with nitroimidazole moieties, their pharmacokinetics, and in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as PET imaging studies for hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
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24
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Li J, Ji A, Lei M, Xuan L, Song R, Feng X, Lin H, Chen H. Hypsochromic Shift Donor-Acceptor NIR-II Dye for High-Efficiency Tumor Imaging. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37294925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, second near-infrared window (NIR-II) dyes' development focuses on pursuing a longer absorption/emission wavelength and higher quantum yield, which usually means an extended π conjugation system, resulting in an enormous molecular weight and poor druggability. Most researchers thought that the reduced π conjugation system would bring on a blueshift spectrum that causes dim imaging qualities. Little efforts have been made to study smaller NIR-II dyes with a reduced π conjugation system. Herein, we synthesized a reduced π conjugation system donor-acceptor (D-A) probe TQ-1006 (Em = 1006 nm). Compared with its counterpart donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) structure TQT-1048 (Em = 1048 nm), TQ-1006 exhibited comparable excellent blood vessels, lymphatic drainage imaging performance, and a higher tumor-to-normal tissue (T/N) ratio. An RGD conjugated probe TQ-RGD showed an extra high contrast tumor imaging (T/N ≥ 10), further proving D-A dyes' excellent NIR-II biomedical imaging applications. Overall, the D-A framework provides a promising approach to designing next-generation NIR-II fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Li
- Molecular Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Aiyan Ji
- Molecular Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Lei
- Molecular Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Liwen Xuan
- Molecular Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ruihu Song
- Molecular Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Lin
- College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
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Azari F, Kennedy GT, Chang A, Nadeem B, Bou-Samra P, Chang A, Segil A, Bernstein E, Sullivan NT, Eruslanov E, Delikatny J, Singhal S. Sodium Multivitamin Transporter-Targeted Fluorochrome Facilitates Enhanced Metabolic Evaluation of Tumors Through Coenzyme-R Dependent Intracellular Signaling Pathways. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:569-585. [PMID: 36534331 PMCID: PMC10348344 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraoperative molecular imaging (IMI)-guided resections have been shown to improve oncologic outcomes for patients undergoing surgery for solid malignancies. The technology utilizes fluorescent tracers targeting cancer cells without the use of any ionizing radiation. However, currently available targeted IMI tracers are effective only for tumors with a highly specific receptor expression profile, and there is an unmet need for IMI tracers to label a broader range of tumor types. Here, we describe the development and testing of a novel tracer (CR)-S0456) targeted to the sodium multivitamin transporter (SMVT). METHODS Preclinical models of fibrosarcoma (HT-1080), lung (A549), breast (4T1), and renal cancers (HEK-293 T) in vitro and in vivo were used for assessment of (CR)-S0456 specific tumor labeling via sodium-mediated SMVT uptake in dipotassium phosphate or choline chloride-containing media buffer. Additionally, pharmacologic inhibition of multiple intracellular coenzyme-R obligate signaling pathways, including holocarboxylase synthetase (sulconazole nitrate), PI3K/AKT/mTOR (omipalisib), and calmodulin-dependent phosphatase (calmidazolium), were investigated to assess (CR)-S0456 uptake kinetics. Human fibrosarcoma-bearing xenografts in athymic nude mice were used for tumor and metabolic-specific labeling. Novel NIR needle confocal laser endomicroscopic (nCLE) intratumoral sampling was performed to demonstrate single-cell specific labeling by CR-S0456. RESULTS CR-S0456 localization in vitro correlated with highly proliferative cell lines (MTT) and doubling time (p < 0.05) with the highest microscopic fluorescence detected in aggressive human fibrosarcomas (HT-1080). Coenzyme-R-specific localization was demonstrated to be SMVT-specific after competitive inhibition of internal localization with excess administration of pantothenic acid. Inhibiting the activity of SMVT by affecting sodium ion hemostasis prevented the complete uptake of CR-S0456. In vivo validation demonstrated (CR)-S0456 localization to xenograft models with accurate identification of primary tumors as well as margin assessment down to 1 mm3 tumor volume. Systemic treatment of xenograft-bearing mice with a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor suppressed intratumoral cell signaling and (CR)-S0456 uptake via a reduction in SMVT expression. Novel analysis of in vivo intratumoral cytologic fluorescence using near-infrared confocal laser endomicroscopy demonstrated the absence of coenzyme-R-mediated NIR fluorescence but not fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-conjugated fluorochrome, indicating specific intracellular inhibition of coenzyme-R obligate pathways. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a SMVT-targeted NIR contrast agent can be a suitable tracer for imaging a wide range of malignancies as well as evaluating metabolic response to systemic therapies, similar to PET imaging with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feredun Azari
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, 14th floor, South Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Gregory T Kennedy
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashley Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bilal Nadeem
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Bou-Samra
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Austin Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alix Segil
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bernstein
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neil T Sullivan
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Evgeniy Eruslanov
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James Delikatny
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Bortot B, Mangogna A, Di Lorenzo G, Stabile G, Ricci G, Biffi S. Image-guided cancer surgery: a narrative review on imaging modalities and emerging nanotechnology strategies. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:155. [PMID: 37202750 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection is the cornerstone of solid tumour treatment. Current techniques for evaluating margin statuses, such as frozen section, imprint cytology, and intraoperative ultrasound, are helpful. However, an intraoperative assessment of tumour margins that is accurate and safe is clinically necessary. Positive surgical margins (PSM) have a well-documented negative effect on treatment outcomes and survival. As a result, surgical tumour imaging methods are now a practical method for reducing PSM rates and improving the efficiency of debulking surgery. Because of their unique characteristics, nanoparticles can function as contrast agents in image-guided surgery. While most image-guided surgical applications utilizing nanotechnology are now in the preclinical stage, some are beginning to reach the clinical phase. Here, we list the various imaging techniques used in image-guided surgery, such as optical imaging, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine imaging, and the most current developments in the potential of nanotechnology to detect surgical malignancies. In the coming years, we will see the evolution of nanoparticles tailored to specific tumour types and the introduction of surgical equipment to improve resection accuracy. Although the promise of nanotechnology for producing exogenous molecular contrast agents has been clearly demonstrated, much work remains to be done to put it into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bortot
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mangogna
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Lorenzo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Stabile
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Biffi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
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Song SH, Hong SJ, Lee HY, Kang HG, Han YB. Multimodal laparoscopic coincidence gamma imaging system for near-infrared fluorescence guided surgery: a preclinical study. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2023; 10:033505. [PMID: 37351312 PMCID: PMC10284170 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.10.3.033505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Minimally invasive surgery has advantages in terms of quality of life and patient outcomes. Recently, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence guided surgery has widely used for preclinical and clinical trials. However, NIR fluorescence has a maximum penetration capability of 10 mm. Radiographic imaging can be a solution to overcome the depth issue of NIR fluorescence. For this reason, the performance of the multimodal imaging system, which integrates annihilation gamma (511 keV) rays, NIR fluorescence, and color images, was evaluated. Approach The multimodal imaging system consisted of a laparoscopic module, containing an internal detector for annihilation gamma events and cameras for optical imaging, and a flat module for coincidence detection with the internal detector. The acquired images were integrated by an algorithm with post image processing and registration. To evaluate the performance of the proposed multimodal imaging system, the images of a resolution target, a square bar target filled with a fluorescence dye, and a sodium-22 point source were analyzed. A preclinical test for axillary sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy with a rat model was conducted. Results The spatial resolution of color images was equivalent to 4 lp/mm. The modulation transfer function of NIR fluorescence at 1 lp/mm was 0.83. The 511 keV gamma sensitivity and spatial resolution of the point source were 0.54 cps/kBq and 2.1 mm, respectively. The image of 511 keV gamma rays showed almost the same intensity regardless of the thickness of the tissue phantom. In the preclinical test, an integrated image of the SLN sample of the rat model was obtained with the proposed multimodal imaging system. Conclusions With the proposed laparoscopic system, a merged image of the sample was obtained with the rat model. The annihilation gamma rays showed penetration capability with the tissue-mimicking phantom superior to that of NIR fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hyun Song
- Eulji University, Graduate School of Eulji University, Department of Senior Healthcare, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jong Hong
- Eulji University, Graduate School of Eulji University, Department of Senior Healthcare, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
- Eulji University, Department of Radiological Science, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Young Lee
- Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyu Kang
- National Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Young Been Han
- Eulji University, Graduate School of Eulji University, Department of Senior Healthcare, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
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Vega JD, Hara D, Schmidt RM, Abuhaija MB, Tao W, Dogan N, Pollack A, Ford JC, Shi J. In vivo active-targeting fluorescence molecular imaging with adaptive background fluorescence subtraction. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1130155. [PMID: 36998445 PMCID: PMC10043309 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1130155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Using active tumor-targeting nanoparticles, fluorescence imaging can provide highly sensitive and specific tumor detection, and precisely guide radiation in translational radiotherapy study. However, the inevitable presence of non-specific nanoparticle uptake throughout the body can result in high levels of heterogeneous background fluorescence, which limits the detection sensitivity of fluorescence imaging and further complicates the early detection of small cancers. In this study, background fluorescence emanating from the baseline fluorophores was estimated from the distribution of excitation light transmitting through tissues, by using linear mean square error estimation. An adaptive masked-based background subtraction strategy was then implemented to selectively refine the background fluorescence subtraction. First, an in vivo experiment was performed on a mouse intratumorally injected with passively targeted fluorescent nanoparticles, to validate the reliability and robustness of the proposed method in a stringent situation wherein the target fluorescence was overlapped with the strong background. Then, we conducted in vivo studies on 10 mice which were inoculated with orthotopic breast tumors and intravenously injected with actively targeted fluorescent nanoparticles. Results demonstrated that active targeting combined with the proposed background subtraction method synergistically increased the accuracy of fluorescence molecular imaging, affording sensitive tumor detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge D. Vega
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Daiki Hara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Ryder M. Schmidt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Marwan B. Abuhaija
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Wensi Tao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nesrin Dogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Alan Pollack
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - John C. Ford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: John C. Ford, ; Junwei Shi,
| | - Junwei Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: John C. Ford, ; Junwei Shi,
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Zhang L, Guo H, Li J, Kang D, Zhang D, He X, Zhao Y, Wei D, Yu J. Multi-target reconstruction strategy based on blind source separation of surface measurement signals in FMT. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1159-1177. [PMID: 36950247 PMCID: PMC10026579 DOI: 10.1364/boe.481348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) is a promising molecular imaging technique for tumor detection in the early stage. High-precision multi-target reconstructions are necessary for quantitative analysis in practical FMT applications. The existing reconstruction methods perform well in retrieving a single fluorescent target but may fail in reconstructing a multi-target, which remains an obstacle to the wider application of FMT. In this paper, a novel multi-target reconstruction strategy based on blind source separation (BSS) of surface measurement signals was proposed, which transformed the multi-target reconstruction problem into multiple single-target reconstruction problems. Firstly, by multiple points excitation, multiple groups of superimposed measurement signals conforming to the conditions of BSS were constructed. Secondly, an efficient nonnegative least-correlated component analysis with iterative volume maximization (nLCA-IVM) algorithm was applied to construct the separation matrix, and the superimposed measurement signals were separated into the measurements of each target. Thirdly, the least squares fitting method was combined with BSS to determine the number of fluorophores indirectly. Lastly, each target was reconstructed based on the extracted surface measurement signals. Numerical simulations and in vivo experiments proved that it has the ability of multi-target resolution for FMT. The encouraging results demonstrate the significant effectiveness and potential of our method for practical FMT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Zhang
- The Xi’an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi’an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- The Xi’an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi’an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Jintao Li
- The Xi’an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi’an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Dizhen Kang
- The Xi’an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi’an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Diya Zhang
- The Xi’an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi’an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Xiaowei He
- The Xi’an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi’an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Yizhe Zhao
- The Xi’an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi’an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - De Wei
- The Xi’an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi’an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
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Fluorinated Human Serum Albumin as Potential 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probe. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041695. [PMID: 36838682 PMCID: PMC9959765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorinated human serum albumin conjugates were prepared and tested as potential metal-free probes for 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Each protein molecule was modified by several fluorine-containing compounds via the N-substituted natural acylating reagent homocysteine thiolactone. Albumin conjugates retain the protein's physical and biological properties, such as its 3D dimensional structure, aggregation ability, good solubility, proteolysis efficiency, biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity. A dual-labeled with cyanine 7 fluorescence dye and fluorine reporter group albumin were synthesized for simultaneous fluorescence imaging and 19F MRI. The preliminary in vitro studies show the prospects of albumin carriers for multimodal imaging.
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Li C, Mi J, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Guo X, Zhou J, Hu Z, Tian J. New and effective EGFR-targeted fluorescence imaging technology for intraoperative rapid determination of lung cancer in freshly isolated tissue. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:494-507. [PMID: 36207638 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE During lung cancer surgery, it is very important to define tumor boundaries and determine the surgical margin distance. In previous research, systemically application of fluorescent probes can help medical professionals determine the boundaries of tumors and find small tumors and metastases, thereby improving the accuracy of surgical resection. However, there are very few safe and effective probes that can be applied to clinical trials up to now, which limits the clinical application of fluorescence imaging. Here we developed a new technology that can quickly identify the tumor area in the resected lung tissue during the operation and distinguish the tumor boundary and metastatic lymph nodes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN For animal studies, a PDX model of lung cancer was established. The tumors, lungs, and peritumoral muscle tissues of tumor-bearing mice were surgically removed and incubated with a probe targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for 20 min, and then imaged by a closed-field near-infrared two-zone (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging system. For clinical samples, ten surgically removed lung tissues and 60 lymph nodes from 10 lung cancer patients undergoing radical resection were incubated with the targeting probe immediately after intraoperative resection and imaged to identify the tumor area and distinguish the tumor boundary and metastatic lymph nodes. The accuracy of fluorescence imaging was confirmed by HE staining and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The ex vivo animal imaging experiments showed a fluorescence enhancement of tumor tissue. For clinical samples, our results showed that this new technology yielded more than 85.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity in identifying the tumor area in the resected lung tissue. The average fluorescence tumor-to-background ratio was 2.5 ± 1.3. Furthermore, we also used this technique to image metastatic lymph nodes intraoperatively and showed that metastatic lymph nodes have brighter fluorescence than normal lymph nodes, as the average fluorescence tumor-to-background signal ratio was 2.7 ± 1.1. Calculations on the results of the fluorescence signal in relation to the number of metastatic lymph nodes yielded values of 77.8% for sensitivity and 92.1% for specificity. We expect this new technology to be a useful diagnostic tool for rapid intraoperative pathological detection and margin determination. CONCLUSIONS By using fluorescently labeled anti-human EGFR recombinant antibody scFv fragment to incubate freshly isolated tissues during surgery, the probes can quickly accumulate in lung cancer tissues, which can be used to quickly identify tumor areas in the resected lung tissues and distinguish tumor boundaries and find metastases in lymph nodes. This technology is expected to be used for rapid intraoperative pathological detection and margin determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Li
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Mi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11, Xi Zhi Men South Avenue, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11, Xi Zhi Men South Avenue, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenhua Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Tian
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Affiliated With Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, People's Republic of China.
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Azari F, Kennedy G, Chang A, Nadeem B, Sullivan N, Marfatia I, Din A, Desphande C, Kucharczuk J, Delikatny EJ, Singhal S. Presence of non-Newtonian fluid in invasive pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinomas impacts fluorescence during intraoperative molecular imaging of lung cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4406-4418. [PMID: 35876868 PMCID: PMC10292759 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraoperative molecular imaging (IMI) with folate-targeted NIR tracers has been shown to improve lesion localization in more than 80% of lung adenocarcinomas. However, mucinous adenocarcinomas (MAs) and invasive mucinous adenocarcinomas (IMAs) of the lung, which are variants of adenocarcinoma, appear to have decreased fluorescence despite appropriate folate receptor expression on the tumor surface. We hypothesized that the etiology may be related to light excitation and emission through non-Newtonian fluid (mucin) produced by goblet and columnar cancer cells. METHODS Intraoperative data for 311 subjects were retrospectively reviewed from a prospectively collected 6-year database. For standardization, all patients underwent infusion of the same targeted molecular optical contrast agent (pafolacianine, folate receptor-targeted NIR fluorochrome) for lung cancer resections. Then, the ratio of the mean fluorescence intensity of the tumors and background tissues (TBR) was calculated. Tumors were examined for mucin, FRa, FRb, and immunofluorescent tracer uptake by a board-certified pathologist. The optical properties of mucin analyzed by imaging software were used to create in vitro gel models to explore the effects on NIR tracer fluorescence intensity. RESULTS A large proportion (192, 62%) of the patients were female, with an average of 62.8 years and a 34-year mean pack smoking history. There were no severe (Clavien-Dindo > III) complications related to pafolacianine infusion. A total of 195 lesions in the study were adenocarcinomas, of which 19 (6.1%) were of the mucinous subtype. A total of 14/19 of the patients had a smoking history, and more than 74% of the IMA lesions were in the lower lobes. IMA lesions had a lower in situ TBR than nonmucinous adenocarcinomas (2.64 SD 0.23) vs (3.45 SD 0.11), respectively (p < 0.05). Only 9/19 (47%) were localized in situ. Tumor bisection and removal of mucin from IMAs significantly increased pafolacianine fluorescence, with resultant TBR not being significantly different from the control group (4.67 vs 4.89) (p = 0.19). Of the 16 lesions that underwent FR expression analysis, 15/16 had FR presence on cancer cells or tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. There was no statistically significant difference in fluorescence intensity during immunofluorescence analysis (4.99 vs 5.08) (p = 0.16). Physical removal of mucin from IMAs improved the TBR from 3.11 to 4.67 (p < 0.05). In vitro analysis of the impact of synthetic non-Newtonian fluid (agarose 0.5%) on NIR tracer fluorescence showed a decrease in MFI by a factor of 0.25 regardless of the concentration for each 5 mm thickness of mucin. CONCLUSION The mucinous subtype of lung adenocarcinomas presents a unique challenge in pafolacianine-targeted IMI-guided resections. The presence of non-Newtonian fluids presents a physical barrier that dampens the excitation of the tracer and fluorescence emission detected by the camera. Knowledge of this phenomenon can allow the surgeon to critically analyze lesion fluorescence parameters during IMI-guided lung cancer resections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feredun Azari
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gregory Kennedy
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ashley Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bilal Nadeem
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Neil Sullivan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Isvita Marfatia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Azra Din
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Charuhas Desphande
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Kucharczuk
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Edward J Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 White Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Mehdizadeh Naderi P, Zargoosh K, Qandalee M, Firuzi O, Behmadi H, Hossienkhani S, Moasses Ghafary S, Durán-Valle CJ. Synthesis and application of the fluorescent furan and imidazole probes for selective in vivo and in vitro cancer cell imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 279:121455. [PMID: 35679740 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Development of imaging probes for identification of tumors in the early stages of growth can significantly reduce the tumor-related health hazards and improve our capacity for treatment of cancer. In this work, three different furan and imidazole fluorescent derivatives abbreviated as Cyclo X, SAC and SNO are introduced for in vivo and in vitro imaging of cancer cells. The fluorescence quantum yield values were 0.226, 0.400 and 0.479 for Cyclo X, SAC and SNO, respectively. The excitation and emission wavelengths of maximum intensity were (360, 452), (350, 428) and (350, 432) nm for Cyclo X, SAC and SNO, respectively. The MTT reduction assay was used to estimate the cytotoxic activity of the proposed derivatives against HT-29 (cancer) and Vero (normal) cell lines. Cyclo X showed no cytotoxic effect, while SAC and SNO showed significantly higher cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines than cisplatin as a well-known anticancer drug. In vitro fluorescence microscopic images obtained using HT-29 cells showed that Cyclo X produced very bright images. The in vivo cancer cell imaging using 4T1 tumor-bearing mice revealed that Cyclo X is selectively accumulated in the tumor without distribution in the mice body organs. The spectral and structural stability, large Stokes shift, non-cytotoxicity and high level of selectivity for in vivo imaging are properties that make Cyclo X a suitable candidate to be used for long-term monitoring of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Mehdizadeh Naderi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Kiomars Zargoosh
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Mohammad Qandalee
- Department of Basic Sciences, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Behmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Hossienkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sorous Moasses Ghafary
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Refaat A, Yap ML, Pietersz G, Walsh APG, Zeller J, Del Rosal B, Wang X, Peter K. In vivo fluorescence imaging: success in preclinical imaging paves the way for clinical applications. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:450. [PMID: 36243718 PMCID: PMC9571426 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in diagnostic imaging have provided unprecedented opportunities to detect diseases at early stages and with high reliability. Diagnostic imaging is also crucial to monitoring the progress or remission of disease and thus is often the central basis of therapeutic decision-making. Currently, several diagnostic imaging modalities (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography, among others) are routinely used in clinics and present their own advantages and limitations. In vivo near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has recently emerged as an attractive imaging modality combining low cost, high sensitivity, and relative safety. As a preclinical tool, it can be used to investigate disease mechanisms and for testing novel diagnostics and therapeutics prior to their clinical use. However, the limited depth of tissue penetration is a major challenge to efficient clinical use. Therefore, the current clinical use of fluorescence imaging is limited to a few applications such as image-guided surgery on tumors and retinal angiography, using FDA-approved dyes. Progress in fluorophore development and NIR imaging technologies holds promise to extend their clinical application to oncology, cardiovascular diseases, plastic surgery, and brain imaging, among others. Nanotechnology is expected to revolutionize diagnostic in vivo fluorescence imaging through targeted delivery of NIR fluorescent probes using antibody conjugation. In this review, we discuss the latest advances in in vivo fluorescence imaging technologies, NIR fluorescent probes, and current and future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Refaat
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - May Lin Yap
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Pietersz
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aidan Patrick Garing Walsh
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Johannes Zeller
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Synthesis of a Dual-Color Fluorescent Dendrimer for Diagnosis of Cancer Metastasis in Lymph Nodes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204314. [PMID: 36297891 PMCID: PMC9607438 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of cancer metastasis spread in lymph nodes is important in cancer diagnosis. In this study, a fluorescence imaging probe was designed for the detection of both lymph node and tumor cells using always-ON and activatable fluorescence probes with different colors. Rhodamine B (Rho), a matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)-responsive green fluorescence probe, and a tumor-homing peptide were conjugated to a carboxy-terminal dendrimer that readily accumulates in lymph nodes. The activatable green fluorescence signal increased in the presence of MMP-2, which is secreted by tumor cells. Both the always-ON Rho signal and the activatable green fluorescence signal were observed from tumor cells, but only the weak always-ON Rho signal was from immune cells. Thus, this type of dendrimer may be useful for non-invasive imaging to diagnose cancer metastasis in lymph nodes.
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36
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Sperling J, Grade M, von Heesen M, Ghadim M. [Intraoperative fluorescence-guided perfusion assessment using indocyanine green-Increased safety in gastrointestinal anastomoses?]. CHIRURGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 93:934-939. [PMID: 35804154 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-022-01679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Insufficiency of gastrointestinal anastomoses represents a relevant risk of morbidity and mortality for affected patients. The perfusion quality of the ends of the intestine is the decisive parameter for ensuring sufficient healing of an anastomosis. Intraoperative fluorescence-guided perfusion assessment with indocyanine green is increasingly being used in modern visceral surgery to evaluate tissue perfusion prior to the fashioning of gastrointestinal anastomoses. This technique provides the possibility to distinguish between adequately and inadequately perfused tissue in order to place the anastomosis in the region with the best possible perfusion. Thus, surgeons have a measuring instrument that enables an objective assessment of the perfusion quality of the tissue to be undertaken in addition to a purely subjective macroscopic visual assessment, in order to achieve a better functional result for the patients. Currently, however, the value of this technique has not yet been conclusively clarified. The aim of this review article is to characterize the benefits of intraoperative fluorescence-guided perfusion assessment and to classify it with respect to its significance for routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sperling
- Klinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland.
| | - M Grade
- Klinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - M von Heesen
- Klinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - M Ghadim
- Klinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland
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Hao S, Xiong Y, Zheng M, Wang J. Bimodal polarization-sensitive imaging and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy facilitated rapid augmented reality for tissue stratification. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200101. [PMID: 35852139 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We reported the development of a bimodal large field of view (~95 cm2 ) polarization-sensitive (PS) imaging and point-wise diffuse reflectance (DR) spectroscopy platform synergising the advantages of the two modalities. PS-DR spectroscopy allows simultaneous label-free biochemical and structural analysis of the investigated tissue. For real applications, the PS imaging first grossly stratified tissue into different categories, followed by high information dimension PS-DR spectroscopy ascertaining ambiguous tissue regions identified by the PS imaging. Tested on a tissue phantom consisting of porcine esophagus muscularis propria and submucosa, it has demonstrated the system developed could complete tissue interrogation within 0.6 minutes and with separation accuracy of 95.87%. Further test on tissue phantom consisting of natural and crushed bovine tendon mimicking normal and cancerous breast tissues validated the potential of system developed to effectively and rapidly investigate large tissue area, facilitating augmented tissue boundary demarcation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System of Ministry of Education of China, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System of Ministry of Education of China, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System of Ministry of Education of China, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System of Ministry of Education of China, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Zhang S, Ji X, Zhang R, Zhao W, Dong X. Water-soluble near-infrared fluorescent heptamethine dye for lymphatic mapping applications. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 73:128910. [PMID: 35907605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The identification of sentinel lymph node (SLN) is an important method for prognostic evaluation and minimally invasive staging of metastatic tumors. Here, we report a series of near-infrared fluorescent heptamethylamine dyes (series A, B and C) with central cycloalkene ring modified by tyrosine or N-Boc tyrosine via ether linkage. N-Boc tyrosine/tyrosine modification provided enhanced absorption coefficient and fluorescence quantum yield in DMSO, however with slight hypsochromic shift compared to the mother dyes in DMSO. In PBS, series A and B were found to be more fluorescent than ICG and showed brighter images. Compound A1 was found to exhibit the most favorable imaging performance among all the dyes investigated and was selected for in vivo sentinel lymph node mapping experiments in mice. A1 showed faster response and stronger fluorescence emission than FDA-approved ICG. The lymph node tracing with A1 could be assisted by MB staining. Ex vivo imaging of harvested organs indicated that similar metabolic characteristics of A1 and ICG. Overall, A1 is advantageous over ICG and is very promising for non-invasive lymph node imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China; Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
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40
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Hao HC, Zhang G, Wang YN, Sun R, Xu YJ, Ge JF. Distinguishing cancer cells from normal cells with an organelle-targeted fluorescent marker. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5796-5803. [PMID: 35866374 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01351g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we report a hemicyanine dye that is used to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells with its ability to target different organelles. Probe 1, a red emission hemicyanine functional dye, was connected to oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine and diethylaminobenzene with a double bond. The maximum absorption peaks of probe 1 were located in the 509-552 nm range in organic solvents. Meanwhile, the probe possessed a high molar extinction coefficient (5.50 × 104 M-1 cm-1 in DMSO) with high photostability. The maximum emission wavelength of the probe ranged from 572 nm to 644 nm, and it also had a large Stokes shift (126 nm in DMSO). In particular, the probe showed weak fluorescence in water (Φ = 0.016), whereas it displayed strong fluorescence at 595 nm in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) solution (Φ = 0.13). In addition, cell colocalization experiments showed that probe 1 (3 μM) was located in the endoplasmic reticulum in cancer cells, while it could target lysosomes in normal cells. What's more, further cell imaging experiments demonstrated that the average fluorescence intensity of probe 1 (0.3 μM) in cancer cells increased with the addition of β-CD, but it did not occur in normal cells. The study provides a convenient way to distinguish cancer cells from normal ones, which has potential for application in the early detection of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chi Hao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Gang Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Ru Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Yu-Jie Xu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian-Feng Ge
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Hu T, Gu Z, Williams GR, Strimaite M, Zha J, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Tan C, Liang R. Layered double hydroxide-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6126-6176. [PMID: 35792076 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Against the backdrop of increased public health awareness, inorganic nanomaterials have been widely explored as promising nanoagents for various kinds of biomedical applications. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), with versatile physicochemical advantages including excellent biocompatibility, pH-sensitive biodegradability, highly tunable chemical composition and structure, and ease of composite formation with other materials, have shown great promise in biomedical applications. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the recent advances in LDH-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Firstly, the material categories and advantages of LDH-based nanomaterials are discussed. The preparation and surface modification of LDH-based nanomaterials, including pristine LDHs, LDH-based nanocomposites and LDH-derived nanomaterials, are then described. Thereafter, we systematically describe the great potential of LDHs in biomedical applications including drug/gene delivery, bioimaging diagnosis, cancer therapy, biosensing, tissue engineering, and anti-bacteria. Finally, on the basis of the current state of the art, we conclude with insights on the remaining challenges and future prospects in this rapidly emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Zi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gareth R Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Margarita Strimaite
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jiajia Zha
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Zhan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, P. R. China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Chaoliang Tan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Ruizheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
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Lou KL, Wang PY, Yang RQ, Gao YY, Tian HN, Dang YY, Li Y, Huang WH, Chen M, Liu XL, Zhang GJ. Fabrication of tumor targeting rare-earth nanocrystals for real-time NIR-IIb fluorescence imaging-guided breast cancer precise surgery. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 43:102555. [PMID: 35390525 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The near-infrared fluorescence imaging has been integrated into the operating room to guide tumor resection, potentially reducing the positive margin rates in breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Relative to the widely used first near-infrared fluorescence imaging, imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) region possesses higher contrast and deeper tissue penetration, particularly in the NIR-IIb window, offering many new opportunities for imaging-guided BCS. Here, we fabricated the c(RGDfC) functionalized erbium-based rare-earth nanoparticles (ErNPs@cRGD) with superior optical property in NIR-IIb region. Owing to deeper tissue penetration and efficient tumor targeting, ErNPs@cRGD-based NIR-IIb fluorescence imaging achieved enhanced signal-to-background ratios in tumor visualization, which was able to guide more complete tumor resection, identify multiple microtumors and distinguish malignant lesions from normal tissues in various mice models. Based on these, this NIR-IIb imaging strategy for surgical navigation can significantly reduce positive margin rates and improve prognosis, laying a foundation for the clinical resection of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Liang Lou
- Cancer Center and Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rui-Qin Yang
- Cancer Center and Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yi-Yang Gao
- Cancer Center and Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Na Tian
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen & Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yong-Ying Dang
- Cancer Center and Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-He Huang
- Cancer Center and Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Min Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Cancer Center and Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast & Thyroid Cancers, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Yokomizo S, Henary M, Buabeng ER, Fukuda T, Monaco H, Baek Y, Manganiello S, Wang H, Kubota J, Ulumben AD, Lv X, Wang C, Inoue K, Fukushi M, Kang H, Bao K, Kashiwagi S, Choi HS. Topical pH Sensing NIR Fluorophores for Intraoperative Imaging and Surgery of Disseminated Ovarian Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201416. [PMID: 35567348 PMCID: PMC9286000 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) aids surgeons with real-time visualization of small cancer foci and borders, which improves surgical and prognostic efficacy of cancer. Despite the steady advances in imaging devices, there is a scarcity of fluorophores available to achieve optimal FGS. Here, 1) a pH-sensitive near-infrared fluorophore that exhibits rapid signal changes in acidic tumor microenvironments (TME) caused by the attenuation of intramolecular quenching, 2) the inherent targeting for cancer based on chemical structure (structure inherent targeting, SIT), and 3) mitochondrial and lysosomal retention are reported. After topical application of PH08 on peritoneal tumor regions in ovarian cancer-bearing mice, a rapid fluorescence increase (< 10 min), and extended preservation of signals (> 4 h post-topical application) are observed, which together allow for the visualization of submillimeter tumors with a high tumor-to-background ratio (TBR > 5.0). In addition, PH08 is preferentially transported to cancer cells via organic anion transporter peptides (OATPs) and colocalizes in the mitochondria and lysosomes due to the positive charges, enabling a long retention time during FGS. PH08 not only has a significant impact on surgical and diagnostic applications but also provides an effective and scalable strategy to design therapeutic agents for a wide array of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yokomizo
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
- Department of Radiological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan University7‐2‐10 Higashi‐OguArakawaTokyo116–8551Japan
| | - Maged Henary
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and TherapeuticsGeorgia State University100 Piedmont Avenue SEAtlantaGA30303USA
| | - Emmanuel R. Buabeng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and TherapeuticsGeorgia State University100 Piedmont Avenue SEAtlantaGA30303USA
| | - Takeshi Fukuda
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOsaka City University Graduate School of Medicine1‐4‐3, AsahimachiAbeno‐kuOsaka545–8585Japan
| | - Hailey Monaco
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Yoonji Baek
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Sophia Manganiello
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Haoran Wang
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Jo Kubota
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Amy Daniel Ulumben
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Xiangmin Lv
- Vincent Center for Reproductive BiologyVincent Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Vincent Center for Reproductive BiologyVincent Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Kazumasa Inoue
- Department of Radiological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan University7‐2‐10 Higashi‐OguArakawaTokyo116–8551Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukushi
- Department of Radiological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan University7‐2‐10 Higashi‐OguArakawaTokyo116–8551Japan
| | - Homan Kang
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Kai Bao
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
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Abstract
Lymph node mapping for tumor micrometastasis is of great significance for the prevention, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. Currently, the traditional clinical detection methods (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or positron emission tomography/computed tomography) in clinical lymph node mapping still have some inherent disadvantages, which have prompted the development of various fluorescent probes for lymph node mapping. However, the conventional fluorescent probes such as indocyanine green or methylene blue in lymph node mapping are still accompanied by several problems such as impaired surgical field vision due to dye staining or less accumulation and shorter retention time in the lymph node. In a recent achievement, newly designed nanoparticles are prepared with novel properties that could be attractive for lymph node mapping. In this review, we will provide details on the progress of various nanoparticles for lymph node mapping and emphasize other multivariant properties in different nanoparticles, including strong tumor-targeting affinity and specificity, self-luminescence, and even with the function to kill metastatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Han
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ruirui Kang
- The Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chunquan Zhang
- The Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P.R. China
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Niu P, Zhu J, Wei L, Liu X. Application of Fluorescent Probes in Reactive Oxygen Species Disease Model. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:437-472. [PMID: 35639641 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2080495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in living activities as signaling molecules that regulate the living activities of organisms. There are many types of ROS, mainly including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hydroxyl radical (•OH), peroxyl radical (ROO•), singlet oxygen (1O2), peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and superoxide anion radical (O2-•) etc. Existing studies have shown that changes in ROS levels are closely associated with the development of many diseases, such as inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative damage. Small molecule fluorescent probes have been widely used in biology, pathology and medical diagnosis due to their advantages of noninvasive, high sensitivity and in vivo real-time detection. It is extremely important to better apply small-molecule fluorescent probes to detect ROS levels in organisms to achieve early diagnosis of diseases and assessment of therapeutic conditions. This work focuses on summarizing the representative applications of some fluorescent probes in ROS disease models in recent years. This article focuses on summarizing the construction methods of various ROS-related disease models, and classifying and analyzing the basic ideas and methods of fluorescent probes applied to disease models according to the characteristics of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Niu
- Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, Henan Province, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, Henan Province, China
| | - Liuhe Wei
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Xingjiang Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
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Zhang P, Ma C, Song F, Fan G, Sun Y, Feng Y, Ma X, Liu F, Zhang G. A review of advances in imaging methodology in fluorescence molecular tomography. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac5ce7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) is a promising non-invasive optical molecular imaging technology with strong specificity and sensitivity that has great potential for preclinical and clinical studies in tumor diagnosis, drug development and therapeutic evaluation. However, the strong scattering of photons and insufficient surface measurements make it very challenging to improve the quality of FMT image reconstruction and its practical application for early tumor detection. Therefore, continuous efforts have been made to explore more effective approaches or solutions in the pursuit of high-quality FMT reconstructions. Approach. This review takes a comprehensive overview of advances in imaging methodology for FMT, mainly focusing on two critical issues in FMT reconstructions: improving the accuracy of solving the forward physical model and mitigating the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem from a methodological point of view. More importantly, numerous impressive and practical strategies and methods for improving the quality of FMT reconstruction are summarized. Notably, deep learning methods are discussed in detail to illustrate their advantages in promoting the imaging performance of FMT thanks to large datasets, the emergence of optimized algorithms and the application of innovative networks. Main results. The results demonstrate that the imaging quality of FMT can be effectively promoted by improving the accuracy of optical parameter modeling, combined with prior knowledge, and reducing dimensionality. In addition, the traditional regularization-based methods and deep neural network-based methods, especially end-to-end deep networks, can enormously alleviate the ill-posedness of the inverse problem and improve the quality of FMT image reconstruction. Significance. This review aims to illustrate a variety of effective and practical methods for the reconstruction of FMT images that may benefit future research. Furthermore, it may provide some valuable research ideas and directions for FMT in the future, and could promote, to a certain extent, the development of FMT and other methods of optical tomography.
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Tian Y, Tang C, Shi G, Wang G, Du Y, Tian J, Zhang H. Novel fluorescent GLUT1 inhibitor for precision detection and fluorescence image-guided surgery in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:450-462. [PMID: 35478458 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Early detection and complete resection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are crucial to improving patient survival and prognosis. However, specifically targeted imaging probes for OSCC detection are limited. This study aimed to synthesize a novel near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) probe for precision detection and fluorescence image-guided surgery in OSCC. Bioinformatics data indicated that glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is highly expressed in patients with OSCC. We demonstrated high and specific GLUT1 expression upon immunohistochemical staining of samples from 20 patients with OSCC. The specific expression of GLUT1 was further validated in both human OSCC cell lines and OSCC tumor xenografts. Based on these findings, the GLUT1 inhibitor WZB117 was utilized to synthesize a novel NIRF imaging probe, WZB117-IR820. The fluorescence molecular imaging data revealed that WZB117-IR820 could specifically bind to the tumor areas in an orthotopic OSCC mouse model after intravenous injection and could be further applied for precision fluorescence image-guided surgery with no residual tumor in the orthotopic CAL27-fLUC mouse tumor model. For further clinical translational application in patients with OSCC, precise delineation of OSCC tumor areas was achieved following topical application of the WZB117-IR820 imaging probe and was validated by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. In conclusion, we synthesized a novel fluorescent imaging probe, WZB117-IR820, which has potential clinical applications for early detection and fluorescence image-guided surgery in OSCC with no observable toxicity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chu Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Shanxi, China
| | - Guangyuan Shi
- University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Guorong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haizhong Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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48
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Feng X, Cao Y, Zhuang P, Cheng R, Zhang X, Liu H, Wang G, Sun SK. Rational synthesis of IR820-albumin complex for NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided surgical treatment of tumors and gastrointestinal obstruction. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12136-12144. [PMID: 35481109 PMCID: PMC9023119 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00449f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IR820, an analog of FDA-approved indocyanine green, is a promising second near-infrared window (NIR-II) fluorescence probe with better NIR-II fluorescence stability and great clinical transformation potential. Moreover, its fluorescence can be further remarkably enhanced by the interaction with albumin. Therefore, it is significant to flexibly design IR820-albumin complex using endogenous or exogenetic albumin to meet the requirements of different biological applications. Herein, we show the rational synthesis of IR820-albumin complex for NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided surgical treatment of tumors and gastrointestinal obstruction. We compared the NIR-II fluorescence imaging ability of IR820 pre-incubated with albumin or not to visualize tumors and the gastrointestinal tract in vivo and found that the formation of IR820-albumin was essential for the intense NIR-II fluorescence. For imaging-guided tumor treatment, after intravenous injection of free IR820, IR820-albumin complex can be formed in vivo due to the presence of plenty of albumin in the blood. For imaging-guided gastrointestinal obstruction removal, IR820-albumin complex should be synthesized in vitro before oral administration. NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided surgeries were successfully realized in both tumor resection and gastrointestinal obstruction removal. Besides, toxicity assessments in vitro and in vivo confirmed the good biocompatibility of IR820. Our study provides a flexible paradigm for IR820-based NIR-II fluorescence imaging and surgical navigation towards different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Feng
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300203 China
| | - Yuan Cao
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300203 China
| | - Pengrui Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300211 China
| | - Ran Cheng
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300203 China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300203 China
| | - Hong Liu
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer Tianjin 300060 China
| | - Guohe Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300203 China
| | - Shao-Kai Sun
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300203 China
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49
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Zhang Z, He K, Chi C, Hu Z, Tian J. Intraoperative fluorescence molecular imaging accelerates the coming of precision surgery in China. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2531-2543. [PMID: 35230491 PMCID: PMC9206608 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose China has the largest cancer population globally. Surgery is the main choice for most solid cancer patients. Intraoperative fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) has shown its great potential in assisting surgeons in achieving precise resection. We summarized the typical applications of intraoperative FMI and several new trends to promote the development of precision surgery. Methods The academic database and NIH clinical trial platform were systematically evaluated. We focused on the clinical application of intraoperative FMI in China. Special emphasis was placed on a series of typical studies with new technologies or high-level evidence. The emerging strategy of combining FMI with other modalities was also discussed. Results The clinical applications of clinically approved indocyanine green (ICG), methylene blue (MB), or fluorescein are on the rise in different surgical departments. Intraoperative FMI has achieved precise lesion detection, sentinel lymph node mapping, and lymphangiography for many cancers. Nerve imaging is also exploring to reduce iatrogenic injuries. Through different administration routes, these fluorescent imaging agents provided encouraging results in surgical navigation. Meanwhile, designing new cancer-specific fluorescent tracers is expected to be a promising trend to further improve the surgical outcome. Conclusions Intraoperative FMI is in a rapid development in China. In-depth understanding of cancer-related molecular mechanisms is necessary to achieve precision surgery. Molecular-targeted fluorescent agents and multi-modal imaging techniques might play crucial roles in the era of precision surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunshan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Computer Science and Beijing Key Lab of Human-Computer Interaction, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chongwei Chi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhenhua Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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50
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Rho J, Quan YH, Choi BH, Han KN, Kim BM, Choi YH, Kim HK. Near-infrared fluorescent imaging with indocyanine green in rabbit and patient specimens of esophageal cancer. J Thorac Dis 2022; 13:6314-6322. [PMID: 34992811 PMCID: PMC8662470 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background We aimed to assess the possibility of detecting esophageal cancer after intravenous injection of indocyanine green (ICG) in preclinical and clinical models. Methods Forty-five rabbits were surgically implanted with VX2 tumors into the esophageal muscular layer 2 weeks before esophagectomy. The rabbits received intravenous injection of ICG at doses of 1, 2, or 5 mg/kg at 3, 6, 12, 24, or 48 h before surgical removal of esophagus. Twelve patients scheduled to undergo esophagectomy were also enrolled, and all received 2 mg/kg of ICG intravenously at 3, 6, 12, or 24 h before surgical removal of esophagus. The fluorescence intensity was measured in all resected specimens from the rabbits and patients using a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging system after surgery. Results Esophageal tumors were successfully established in all rabbits, and fluorescent signals were detected in all animal and patient specimens. Tumor-to-normal ratio (TNR) analysis showed that higher doses resulted in a greater TNR. Injection of at least 2 mg/kg of ICG was required for clear visualization of the tumor, and the TNR was highest at 12 h after injection. The TNR in patients was also highest at 12 h (P=0.0004), with 2 mg/kg of ICG. None of the patients had major complications following ICG injection. Conclusions NIR fluorescence imaging can be used to visualize esophageal cancer after systemic injection of ICG. ICG at 2 mg/kg at 12 h is optimal for tumor detection. However, since the clinical trials were conducted in a small number of patients, further studies are needed in larger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Rho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu Hua Quan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byeong Hyeon Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kook Nam Han
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Beop-Min Kim
- Department of Interdisciplinary Bio/Micro Technology, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Koo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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