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Omachi BA, van Onselen A, Kolanisi U. Nutrition knowledge and health vulnerability of mothers of pre-school children in north-central, Nigeria. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292252. [PMID: 38295048 PMCID: PMC10829998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores the contribution of nutrition knowledge to the health status of pre-school children's mothers in Niger State, North-Central, Nigeria. DESIGN The study is a descriptive cross-sectional design using a quantitative data collection method. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS A multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 450 mothers of pre-school children across Niger state, Nigeria. Chi-square and linear regression were used to test the level of statistical significance (at p < 0.05). Socioeconomic and demographic information, anthropometric indices and nutrition knowledge were obtained using semi-structured questionnaires. Feeding patterns were also assessed using a qualitative 7-day dietary recall. RESULT The results showed that the majority (63.8%) of the mothers were within 26-35 years, and more than half (51.6%) of the mothers lacked knowledge of a "balanced diet". Fruits, vegetables, and dairy products were the least consumed food group among the mothers (7.1% and 9.1%, respectively). Place of residence, occupation, and method of waste disposal were significantly associated with maternal minimum dietary diversity adequacy (p<0.05). Over half (57.6%) of the mothers were within the normal BMI range, and the mean waist/hip ratio was 0.82± 0.08. Social media/online was the most (36.4%) explored source of nutrition information among the mothers. This study shows no significant association between nutrition knowledge and adequacy of minimum dietary diversity among the mothers of preschool children (p = 0.09, χ2 = 13.682). CONCLUSION Dietary diversity among mothers was associated with the socioeconomic status and BMI of the mothers, which were strong determinants of meal quality and health outcomes in Nigeria and other developing countries experiencing food insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Unathi Kolanisi
- University of Zululand, eMpageni, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
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Adam M, Kwinda Z, Dronavalli M, Leonard E, Nguyễn VK, Tshivhase V, Bärnighausen T, Pillay Y. Effect of Short, Animated Video Storytelling on Maternal Knowledge and Satisfaction in the Perinatal Period in South Africa: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e47266. [PMID: 37831505 PMCID: PMC10612008 DOI: 10.2196/47266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovative mobile health (mHealth) interventions can improve maternal knowledge, thereby supporting national efforts to reduce preventable maternal and child mortality in South Africa. Studies have documented a potential role for mobile video content to support perinatal health messaging, enhance maternal satisfaction, and overcome literacy barriers. Short, animated storytelling (SAS) is an innovative, emerging approach to mHealth messaging. OBJECTIVE We aimed to measure the effect of SAS videos on maternal knowledge and user satisfaction for mothers enrolled in antenatal care programs at 2 public health facilities in the Tshwane District of South Africa. METHODS We used a randomized controlled trial with a nested evaluation of user satisfaction. Participants were randomized 1:1 into Standard-of-Care (SOC) Control, and SAS Intervention groups. The intervention videos were delivered through WhatsApp, and 1 month later, participants responded to telephone surveys assessing their knowledge. The intervention group then participated in a nested evaluation of user satisfaction. RESULTS We surveyed 204 participants. Of them, 49.5% (101/204) were aged between 25 and 34 years. Almost all participants self-identified as Black, with the majority (190/204, 93.2%) having completed secondary school. The mean overall knowledge score was 21.92/28. We observed a slight increase of 0.28 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] -0.58 to 1.16) in the overall knowledge score in the intervention arm. We found that those with secondary education or above scored higher than those with only primary education by 2.24 (95% UI 0.76-4.01). Participants aged 35 years or older also scored higher than the youngest age group (18-24 years) by 1.83 (95% CI 0.39-3.33). Finally, the nested user satisfaction evaluation revealed high maternal satisfaction (4.71/5) with the SAS video series. CONCLUSIONS While the SAS videos resulted in high user satisfaction, measured knowledge gains were small within a participant population that was already receiving perinatal health messages through antenatal clinics. The higher knowledge scores observed in older participants with higher education levels suggest that boosting maternal knowledge in younger mothers with lower education levels should continue to be a public health priority in South Africa. Given the high maternal satisfaction among the SAS video-users in this study, policy makers should consider integrating similar approaches into existing, broad-reaching perinatal health programs, such as MomConnect, to boost satisfaction and potentially enhance maternal engagement. While previous studies have shown the promise of animated video health education, most of this research has been conducted in high-income countries. More research in underresourced settings is urgently needed, especially as access to mobile technology increases in the Global South. Future studies should explore the effect of SAS videos on maternal knowledge in hard-to-reach populations with limited access to antenatal care, although real-world logistical challenges persist when implementing studies in underresourced South African populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION Pan African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR202203673222680; https://tinyurl.com/362cpuny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Adam
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Digital Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Zwannda Kwinda
- Clinton Health Access Initiative South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mithilesh Dronavalli
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Leonard
- Clinton Health Access Initiative South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Vān Kính Nguyễn
- Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vusani Tshivhase
- Clinton Health Access Initiative South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Africa Health Research Institute, Somkhele, South Africa
| | - Yogan Pillay
- Clinton Health Access Initiative South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Pretoria, South Africa
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Favaretti C, Adam M, Greuel M, Hachaturyan V, Gates J, Bärnighausen T, Vandormael A. Participant engagement with a short, wordless, animated video on COVID-19 prevention: a multi-site randomized trial. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daab179. [PMID: 35137068 PMCID: PMC8690074 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 misinformation has spread rapidly across social media. To counter misinformation, we designed a short, wordless and animated video (called the CoVideo) to deliver scientifically informed and emotionally compelling information about preventive COVID-19 behaviours. After 15 163 online participants were recruited from Germany, Mexico, Spain, the UK and the USA, we offered participants in the attention placebo control (APC) and do-nothing arms the option to watch the CoVideo (without additional compensation) as post-trial access to treatment. The objective of our study was to evaluate participant engagement by quantifying (i) the proportion of participants opting to watch the CoVideo and (ii) the duration of time spent watching the CoVideo. We quantified the CoVideo opt-in and view time by experimental arm, age, gender, educational status, country of residence and COVID-19 prevention knowledge. Overall engagement with the CoVideo was high: 72% of the participants [CI: 71.1%; 73.0%] opted to watch the CoVideo with an average view time of 138.9 out of 144.0 s [CI: 138.4; 139.4], with no statistically significant differences by arm. Older participants (35-59 years) and participants with higher COVID-19 prevention knowledge had higher view times than their counterparts. Spanish participants had the highest opt-in percentage whereas Germans exhibited the shortest view times of the five countries. Short, wordless and animated storytelling videos, optimized for 'viral spread' on social media, can enhance global engagement with COVID-19 prevention messages by transcending cultural, language and literary barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Favaretti
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, 130.3 Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Maya Adam
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 453 Quarry Road Palo Alto, CA 94304-5660, USA
| | - Merlin Greuel
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, 130.3 Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Violetta Hachaturyan
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, 130.3 Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jennifer Gates
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai One Gustave L. Levy Place New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, 130.3 Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Private Bag X7, Congella, Durban 4013, South Africa
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, 9 Bow Street, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alain Vandormael
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, 130.3 Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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Adam M, Mohan D, Forster S, Chen S, Gates J, Yu F, Bärnighausen T. Hope as a predictor for COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the US: a cross-sectional survey of 11,955 adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2072138. [PMID: 35659447 PMCID: PMC9359385 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2072138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread vaccine uptake is critical for ending the COVID-19 pandemic. As public health officials focus on overcoming vaccine hesitancy, simultaneously boosting hope may be equally important in the US. We analyzed data from an online cross-sectional survey conducted in June 2021. Participants were 11,955 US adults (ages 18-83) of various ethnicities, living in urban and rural settings. Of these, 71.3% had some college education. Mean age was 32.3 years and 72.4% reported being vaccinated against COVID-19. Main measures were COVID-19 self-reported vaccination status (vaccine uptake), vaccine hesitancy (Adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale), and hope (Adult Hope Scale). The US grand mean hope score fell within the low-hope range. COVID-19 vaccine uptake was positively associated with hope, even after adjusting for vaccine hesitancy, gender, age, ethnicity, income, and urban vs. rural residence. The strong relationship between hope, vaccine confidence and vaccine uptake persisted across US populations at risk for low vaccine uptake. Our mediation analysis revealed that, for every unit increase in hope, the probability of being vaccinated went up by 5% points. Of this association, 52% was not mediated by vaccine hesitancy, but rather through a direct pathway from hope to vaccine uptake. Mediation analyses of US populations at risk of low vaccine uptake revealed similar findings. Hope may play an important role in vaccine uptake by reducing vaccine hesitancy and by directly enhancing vaccine uptake. Especially in populations at risk of low vaccine uptake, vaccine interventions that boost hope may augment public health efforts to increase US vaccination rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Adam
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Diwakar Mohan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sebastian Forster
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simiao Chen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Fengyun Yu
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Wellcome Trust’s Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa
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