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Matsegora Y, Kolesnichenko O, Prykhodko I, Kravchenkо O, Kуslyi V, Bayda M, Kryvokon N, Rumiantse Y, Marushchenko K, Pashchenko A. Social and psychological predictors of alcohol-related incidents involving servicemen. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MILITARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.55453/rjmm.2022.125.4.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
"The aim of the research was to determine the social and psychological predictors of alcohol-related incidents involving servicemen. The research involved 310 servicemen, who were subjected to disciplinary and administrative penalties within 2016-2021 years for the offence commitment under the influence of alcohol. The control group included 650 servicemen who joined the service within this period. The analysis of psychological features of servicemen was carried out with the help of the following methods: “Determination of Type Accentuation of Character Traits and Temper” Questionnaire, “Self-Esteem Structures of Temper Questionnaire”, “Multilevel Personality ‘Adaptability’ Questionnaire”, “Progressive Matrix”, “16 PF Questionnaire”, and “Self-Esteem Structures of Temper Questionnaire”. Cluster analysis was used to differentiate servicemen who committed incidents under the influence of alcohol. The determined typology was valuable for the organization of preventive works, events dedicated to the improvement of socialization by recruits, adequate formation of servicemen image as well as their identification in accordance with it, and events dedicated to the prevention of suicidal behaviour."
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Garavito DMN, Bjork JM. Impulsivity and Reflective Thinking in Veterans Seeking Care for Substance Use Disorder. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1563-1571. [PMID: 35819091 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2096237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Substance use disorder (SUD) is a major public health crisis, with increased overdose deaths in the past decade. This has coincided with a tremendous amount of research on those who misuse substances. However, extensive research on SUD vulnerability characteristics such as impulsivity may be complemented by research on theoretically relevant aspects of cognition. The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) was designed to measure a person's ability to subdue quick, intuitive decisions to reflect or deliberate. To some decision making theorists, this measure may help explain why some people are better able to inhibit "gut reactions" than others. Methods: We recruited 140 veterans from a Veterans Affairs medical center; 91 of whom were receiving SUD treatment. Participants completed the CRT and a measure of trait impulsivity (the UPPS-P). We ran planned ANCOVAs assessing differences in the number of correct answers on the CRT and the proportion of errors that were intuitive. Results: Participants who were receiving treatment gave significantly fewer correct, reflective answers on the CRT compared to controls. However, there were no significant differences in the proportion of errors that were due to intuitive responses. These findings did not change when controlling for age and/or trait impulsivity. Conclusion: Those suffering from SUD may exhibit cognitive deficits that do not stem from intuitive thinking. These deficits may, in turn, exacerbate issues arising from elevated impulsivity. Additional research which better incorporates decision making theory may be invaluable in providing clinically-relevant results and positive public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M N Garavito
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Mental Health Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - James M Bjork
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Mental Health Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Kim JY, Kim J, Park S, Fear N. Workplace victimization and alcohol misuse among junior military personnel: Mediating the role of anger. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:638-644. [PMID: 34332364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace victimization is one of most serious problems for affecting alcohol misuse in junior military personnel (JMP) that has been largely overlooked in research attention. Studies on workplace victimization and alcohol misuse indicate anger as mediator. Workplace victimization may affect alcohol misuse (in)directly through the mediator. METHODS A sample of JMP (N = 815) completed an offline survey, consisting of the revised Conflict Tactics Scale-2, Composite International Diagnostic Interview Screening Scale, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Frequency, t-test and chi-square test, and mediation analyses were conducted to assess the effects of workplace victimization on alcohol misuse, mediated via anger. RESULTS Victims in the workplace showed higher level of anger and alcohol misuse. In mediation analyses, workplace victimization was related to higher levels of anger, which, in turn, were associated with greater alcohol misuse. LIMITATIONS Study limitations included the use of cross-sectional data with the use of retrospective self-report. CONCLUSION Workplace victimization in JMP is prevalent (17.7%), and alcohol misuse is associated with effects of workplace victimization and anger with full mediation path. Findings suggest that eliminating workplace victimization against JMP and intervention for anger should be focused upon, and implemented for online alcohol misuse prevention in the military context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yop Kim
- School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonbeom Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Social Welfare Policy, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sookyung Park
- School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicola Fear
- Diretor of the King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Bjork JM, Reisweber J, Burchett JR, Plonski PE, Konova AB, Lopez-Guzman S, Dismuke-Greer CE. Impulsivity and Medical Care Utilization in Veterans Treated for Substance Use Disorder. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1741-1751. [PMID: 34328052 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1949603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity has been defined by acting rashly during positive mood states (positive urgency; PU) or negative mood states (negative urgency; NU) and by excessive de-valuation of deferred rewards. These behaviors reflect a "live in the now" mentality that is not only characteristic of many individuals with severe substance use disorder (SUD) but also impedes medical treatment compliance and could result in repeated hospitalizations or other poor health outcomes. Purpose/objectives: We sought preliminary evidence that impulsivity may relate to adverse health outcomes in the veteran population. Impulsivity measured in 90 veterans receiving inpatient or outpatient SUD care at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center was related to histories of inpatient/residential care costs, based on VA Health Economics Resource Center data. Results: We found that positive urgency, lack of persistence and lack of premeditation, but not sensation-seeking or preference for immediate or risky rewards, were significantly higher in veterans with a history of one or more admissions for VA-based inpatient or residential health care that either included (n = 30) or did not include (n = 29) an admission for SUD care. Among veterans with a history of inpatient/residential care for SUD, NU and PU, but not decision-making behavior, correlated with SUD care-related costs. Conclusions/Importance: In veterans receiving SUD care, questionnaire-assessed trait impulsivity (but not decision-making) related to greater care utilization within the VA system. This suggests that veterans with high impulsivity are at greater risk for adverse health outcomes, such that expansion of cognitive interventions to reduce impulsivity may improve their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Bjork
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, McGuire Research Institute, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jarrod Reisweber
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, McGuire Research Institute, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jason R Burchett
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, McGuire Research Institute, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul E Plonski
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, McGuire Research Institute, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Anna B Konova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Behavioral Health Care, and the Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Reingle Gonzalez JM, Bishopp SA, Jetelina KK, Paddock E, Gabriel KP, Cannell MB. Does military veteran status and deployment history impact officer involved shootings? A case-control study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019; 41:e245-e252. [PMID: 30281075 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite veterans' preference hiring policies by law enforcement agencies, no studies have examined the nature or effects of military service or deployments on health outcomes. This study will examine the effect of military veteran status and deployment history on law enforcement officer (LEO)-involved shootings. METHODS Ten years of data were extracted from Dallas Police Department records. LEOs who were involved in a shooting in the past 10 years were frequency matched on sex to LEOs never involved in a shooting. Military discharge records were examined to quantify veteran status and deployment(s). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of veteran status and deployment history on officer-involved shooting involvement. RESULTS Records were abstracted for 516 officers. In the adjusted models, veteran LEOs who were not deployed were significantly more likely to be involved in a shooting than non-veteran officers. Veterans with a deployment history were 2.9 times more likely to be in a shooting than non-veteran officers. CONCLUSIONS Military veteran status, regardless of deployment history, is associated with increased odds of shootings among LEOs. Future studies should identify mechanisms that explain this relationship, and whether officers who experienced firsthand combat exposure experience greater odds of shooting involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katelyn K Jetelina
- University of Texas School of Public Health, 6011 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ellen Paddock
- University of Texas School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- University of Texas School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX, USA
| | - M Brad Cannell
- University of Texas School of Public Health, 6011 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
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Gavrysh I, Arbour S, Hambley J, Sivagnanasundaram L. Comparing Treatment Outcomes Among Canadian Military and Civilian Substance Users Attending the Same Residential Treatment Program. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2016.1148494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Stahlman S, Javanbakht M, Cochran S, Shoptaw S, Hamilton AB, Gorbach PM. A comparison of self-reported sexual risk behaviours between US civilian and active duty military women. Sex Health 2015; 12:272-5. [PMID: 25844558 DOI: 10.1071/sh14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Women in the US military report a high prevalence of sexual risk behaviours, such as binge drinking and new or multiple sexual partnerships. However, demographical differences pose challenges to making comparisons with civilians. Two public-use datasets were used to compare prevalence of sexual risk behaviours between sexually active military and civilian women, after adjusting for demographic factors. It was found that women in the military reported a higher prevalence of binge drinking and new/multiple sexual partners as compared with civilians, which suggests that military women are a high-risk group and the military environment may at least partially facilitate these risk behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna Stahlman
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - Marjan Javanbakht
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - Susan Cochran
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - Steven Shoptaw
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - Alison B Hamilton
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - Pamina M Gorbach
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
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