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Shinde S, Kumari S, Prakash M, M PG, Khajuria A, Modi N, Chhabra GK, Paul P. A Cross-Sectional Survey on the Use of Tobacco, Attempts on Cessation, and Locus of Control Among College Students. Cureus 2023; 15:e46195. [PMID: 37905250 PMCID: PMC10613342 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Socio-cultural considerations (such as drug availability) and psychological traits play a significant role in predicting whether a person will use drugs in the future and dependency on the drugs. Second-, third-, and fourth-hand smoking and E-cigarettes are influencing factors for the use of tobacco in college students. This study conducted research to ascertain whether there is a potential relationship between tobacco consumption and various factors, including internal and external control sites and demographics. Materials and methods Participants in the study were found by walk-up distribution at multiple campus-wide smoking places, department announcements, and on-campus advertisements. Social media and participant references were also used in this study as recruitment tools. In addition, the locus of control questionnaire also identifies if the participating individual had extrinsic or intrinsic reinforcing routines. The classification of the participating individuals into respective internal and external locus of control was in accordance with their response survey after which a statistical analysis was done. Results This study found an association between smoking on campus and reported attempts to quit. Additionally, there is a strong association (r(85) = 0.31, p < 0.01) between reported tobacco use status and cigarette use on campus. Participants' gender and smoking status also had r(85) = 0.39, p-value < 0.01 correlation. The bulk of respondents indicated that they were seniors and off-campus living concluding for 36% (n = 34) and 60% (n = 51) of the total. Twenty-seven percent (n = 24) of the respondents were first-year college students and the rest 33% (n = 29) said their parents had no college education at all or incomplete college education. Conclusion Whenever there is a strong perception of organizational support for anti-tobacco policies, and improving compliance, there is a drastic increase in cigarette cessation and a drop in tobacco usage among those who still smoke. Perceived organizational support is strongly and positively connected with cessation among the organization's members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Shinde
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Prakash Institute of Medical Sciences, Islampur, IND
| | - Sonali Kumari
- Department of Periodontology, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, IND
| | - Manish Prakash
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, IND
| | - Prashant G M
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Davanagere, IND
| | - Anmol Khajuria
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, IND
| | - Nitin Modi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Vyas Dental College and Hospital, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Gaurav Kumar Chhabra
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, NIMS Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, IND
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education And Research, Deemed to be University, Wardha, IND
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2
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Hosseini J, Shojaeefar E, Pooladgar P, Aliakbari F, Ganji M, Hamdieh M, Kheradmand A, Fashami MA. Prevalence of substance use among Iranian male adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e885. [PMID: 36304760 PMCID: PMC9595342 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Substance use among adolescents is one of the most challenging behavioral disorders with direct consequences. It is of the essence (that) the prevalence of substance use is investigated among Iranian male adolescents. METHODS The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. All published articles titled "prevalence of substance use among Iranian adolescents" authored in Persian and English from 2004 to 2020 on Pub Med, Scopus, SID, and Google Scholar, a top list of academic research databases, were reviewed. Thirty-three out of 805 articles, hinge on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were eligible. Statistical analysis carried out in STATA 14.0.Q index, I2 index, and χ 2 test were applied. RESULTS Overall prevalence reported with (95% confidence interval) for substance use 7% (4%-11%), methamphetamine 4% (3%-6%), tobacco 10% (3%-19%), and any addictive substances 4% (2%-7%) among male adolescents respectively. Besides, overall prevalence of alcohol consumption reported 10% (8%-11%). CONCLUSION The prevalence of substance use among male adolescents is high, so it is indispensable for researchers to pay special attention to this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalil Hosseini
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ehsan Shojaeefar
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Advanced Cellular Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT)Universal Scientific and Education Network (USERN)TehranIran
| | - Parham Pooladgar
- School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Fereshteh Aliakbari
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maryam Ganji
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mostafa Hamdieh
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ali Kheradmand
- Department of Psychiatry, Taleghani Hospital Research Development Committee, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mahta Abbasi Fashami
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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3
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Zaheri H, Raziani Y, Khademi N, Moradi Y, Shahriari H, Ghanei‐Gheshlagh R. Prevalence of hookah smoking among Iranian pupils and university students: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2022; 16:425-440. [PMID: 35665461 PMCID: PMC9366573 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Zaheri
- Student Research Committee Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
| | - Yosra Raziani
- Nursing Department Komar University of Science and Technology Sulaymaniyah Iraq
| | - Nesa Khademi
- Student Research Committee Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Khorramabad Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
| | - Hossein Shahriari
- Faculty of Para Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Ghanei‐Gheshlagh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
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4
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Tehrani H, Mahdizadeh M, Peyman N, Gholian-Aval M, Charoghchian Khorasani E, Jafari A. Exploration factors on smoking among female adolescents based on the viewpoints of Iranian adolescent girls. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:203. [PMID: 35650621 PMCID: PMC9158312 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, the prevalence of smoking in women has increased significantly. This study aimed to explain the effective factors in the tendency to smoke in female adolescents, employing a qualitative method of content analysis in Mashhad, Iran. Methods The data for this conventional content analysis were obtained by conducting semi‑structured interviews with 20 female adolescent smokers. For open coding, integrating codes, creating main category and subcategories, and extracting quotation associated with codes and subcategories, MAXQDA software version 10 was used. Results Based on the results of the study, one main category and six subcategories were identified to influence the decision to smoke. The main category was interconnection of psychological and gender experiences. The subcategories included self-management weakness, ignoring the side effects, gender orientation, negative psychological experiences, the attraction of cigarettes, and positive psychological experiences. Conclusion Psychological and gender factors play an important role in initiating people's behavior and tendency to smoke and smoking prevention programs in educational settings need to focus efforts around what is known about young women smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Tehrani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrsadat Mahdizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nooshin Peyman
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholian-Aval
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Charoghchian Khorasani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Jafari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
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5
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Bashirian S, Barati M, Karami M, Hamzeh B, Ezati E. Prevalence of water pipe smoking and associated risk factors among female adolescents. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:359. [PMID: 34761045 PMCID: PMC8552255 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_68_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of water pipe smoking is increasing among young people, but there are limited data on its use among adolescents in Iran. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of WP smoking and associated risk factors among female adolescents in Western Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in schools. It included 1302 middle school (48.1%) and high school (51.9%) female students (grades 7-12) recruited through stage random sampling and conducted in 2019 in the western city of Kermanshah, Iran. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses and descriptive statistics were executed using SPSS version 22. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) ages of the students and the ages when the participants started WP smoking were 15.22 ± 1.85 and 13.64 (1.64), respectively. Nearly 32.2% had a single experience of WP smoking during their lifetime and 20.4% were current consumers of WP. Most of the subjects smoked WPs at their friends' home (45.8%) and with their friends (47.4%). The significantly important factors that affect WP smoking in these age groups are the father's and mother's occupation, family size, living with others, father's education, having a friend who smokes WPs, friends' encouragement to smoke WP, and being in a family that smoke WPs. CONCLUSIONS Considering the increasing popularity of WP among adolescent females and its increasing prevalence, the results showed that Water pipe smoking with friends played a key role in WP smoking among female adolescents. There is a need to design interventional studies to increase people's skills and to design and implement programs to prevent water pipe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Bashirian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Majid Barati
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Karami
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Hamzeh
- Research Center for Environmental Determinacies of Health, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elahe Ezati
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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6
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Jafaralilou H, Latifi A, Khezeli M, Afshari A, Zare F. Aspects associated with waterpipe smoking in Iranian youths: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1633. [PMID: 34493239 PMCID: PMC8422668 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe is one of the oldest methods of tobacco smoking, which has become the public health challenge, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean countries such as Iran. This study aimed to investigate the waterpipe smoking (WPS) in the young people of Kermanshah in 2020, using a qualitative method. METHODS This was a qualitative study conducted with the approach of content analysis. Participants were young waterpipe user aged 17 to 25 years selected by purposeful sampling method in Kermanshah city, located in the west of Iran. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews in face-to-face and audio-recorded methods based on an interview guideline during June to August 2020. Then researchers transcribed verbatim and analyzed the content of the interviews thematically. RESULTS In this study, 23 young people who were waterpipe users at the time of the study participated. The results showed that social aspects in three sub-categories were involved in WPS including "socio-cultural aspects", "socio-environmental aspects", and "social relations". Individual aspects of waterpipe use as second category also consisted of two sub-categories including "motivational aspects" and "lack of psycho-protective aspects". CONCLUSIONS It seems that the implementation of the policy of reducing access to waterpipe in public environments is effective in reducing waterpipe consumption. It is suggested that educational and interventions, based on targeted models and theories be implemented in order to increase young people's belief and perception on dangers of WPS, and to improve their self-efficacy to smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Jafaralilou
- Department of Public Health, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Arman Latifi
- Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khezeli
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Afshari
- Department Of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing And Midwifery, Nursing Midwifery Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Zare
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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7
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Afrashteh S, Ansarifar A, Vali M, Nami Nazari L, Keshtkar N, Memar S, Mohebbi E, Hadji M, Ostovar A, Zendehdel K, Marzban M. Geographic distribution and time trends of water-pipe use among Iranian youth and teenage students: A meta-analysis and systematic review. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2021; 22:285-315. [PMID: 34486927 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2021.1943097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Water-pipe tobacco smoking is harmful to health, yet its rate of prevalence remains uncertain. Recent evidence has shown that the prevalence of water-pipe smoking among students is higher than in the general population. In this study, a systematic review of related literature on water-pipe use was conducted, and for this purpose, 76 articles were examined in the study. In this vein, geographic distribution and time trends of water-pipe consumption in Iran were considered. The results of this study showed that lifetime, last-year, and last-month prevalence of water-pipe smoking use among Iranian students were 28.78 (25.07-32.49), 20.84 (16.01-25.66), and 16.36 (11.86-20.85), respectively. The results also showed a wide variation by the region and sex in Iran. This study has shown the importance of addressing public prevention and alerting programs in schools and universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Afrashteh
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | - Mohebat Vali
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Sara Memar
- Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Elham Mohebbi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Hadji
- Health Unit, Faculty of Social Science, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Maryam Marzban
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.,The Persian Gulf Martyrs, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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8
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Rezaei H, Amidi Mazaheri M, Fathian Dastgerdi Z, Rahimi M, Eslami AA. Assessment of the questionnaire of cognitive factors and adolescent smoking behavior: A psychometric study. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.1916847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Rezaei
- School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, The Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Maryam Amidi Mazaheri
- School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, The Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zohre Fathian Dastgerdi
- School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, The Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Majid Rahimi
- School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, The Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Eslami
- School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, The Islamic Republic of Iran
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9
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Khani Jeihooni A, Mobaraei A, Kiani A, Afzali Harsini P, Karami Ghazi Khani S. The effect of the educational intervention on empowerment of male high school students in prevention of smoking. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.1916844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khani Jeihooni
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mobaraei
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Amin Kiani
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Pooyan Afzali Harsini
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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10
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Weinberg M, Enosh G, Auosh-Khalaila J. Cigarettes versus water-pipes: Differences and similarities in factors predicting the use of cigarettes and water-pipes among young male adults according to the planned-behaviour theory. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2021; 29:369-375. [PMID: 32658370 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette and water-pipe smoking are responsible for substantial harmful health consequences. However, studies have often examined these two types of smoking in separate study samples. Thus, this study examined differences and similarities among factors predicting cigarette and water-pipe smoking according to planned-behaviour theory within the same sample. Two hundred and twenty-one young Arab Israeli male adults (N = 221) completed demographic, self-esteem and planned-behaviour questionnaires. The study findings demonstrated that perceived ability to control one's water-pipe use was significantly higher than perceived ability to control one's use of cigarettes. With regard to attitudes, norms and intentions, no significant differences were found between cigarette and water-pipe use. Hierarchal multiple regressions showed that being Muslim, self-esteem, negative attitudes and negative norms contributed to the explained variance of both cigarette and water-pipe smoking. Self-control contributed to the variance in cigarette smoking, but not water-pipe smoking. The findings make an important contribution to our understanding of the differences and similarities in the factors predicting cigarette and water-pipe use among young male adults. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weinberg
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Guy Enosh
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jameela Auosh-Khalaila
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Anuar N, Idris NS, Mohd Zin F, Abdul Rahman R, Ahmad I, Ibrahim MI. The Effectiveness of Smoking Prevention Module Towards Knowledge and Smoking Refusal Skills among Adolescents in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3353-3359. [PMID: 31759359 PMCID: PMC7062996 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.11.3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study the effectiveness of the smoking prevention module towards knowledge on smoking and its harmful effects and smoking refusal skills among secondary school students in Kelantan, Malaysia. Methods: A quasi experimental interventional study involving 166 non-smokers adolescents, aged 13 to 14 years old were carried out in two schools located in two different suburbs. Both schools had equal number of participants. One school was given the smoking prevention module for intervention while the control school only received the module after the study had been completed. The knowledge on smoking and its harmful effects and smoking refusal skill score were assessed using a set of validated Malay questionnaires at baseline, two weeks and eight weeks after the intervention. Repeated measure ANCOVA was used to analyse the mean score difference of both groups at baseline and after intervention. Result: Baseline analysis shows no significant difference in knowledge score between the study groups (p = 0.713) while post intervention, it shows significant inclination of knowledge score in intervention group and the difference was significant after controlling the gender [F(df) = 15.96(1.5), p <0.001]. The mean baseline for refusal skills score in the control and intervention groups were 30.89(6.164) and 28.02(6.241) respectively (p= 0.003). Post intervention, there is a significant difference in the crude mean and the estimated marginal means for smoking refusal skills score between the two groups after controlling for sex [F(df) = 5.66(1.8), p = 0.005]. Conclusion: This smoking prevention module increased the level of knowledge on smoking and its harmful effects and smoking refusal skill among the secondary school students. Thus, it is advocated to be used as one of the standard modules to improve the current method of teaching in delivering knowledge related to harmful effects of smoking and smoking refusal skill to the adolescents in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norlina Anuar
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Suhaila Idris
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Mohd Zin
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Razlina Abdul Rahman
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ismail Ibrahim
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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12
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Dadipoor S, Kok G, Aghamolaei T, Heyrani A, Ghaffari M, Ghanbarnezhad A. Factors associated with hookah smoking among women: A systematic review. Tob Prev Cessat 2019; 5:26. [PMID: 32411889 PMCID: PMC7205165 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/110586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to determine factors associated with hookah smoking among women on a global scale based on a systematic review of related literature. Intervention Mapping was the guiding framework for this review. METHODS Searches were performed in Web of Science, PubMed, Iranian databases, Elsevier, Embase, Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar, and the World Health Organization (WHO) website, using keywords related to hookah and associated terms. Studies in English or Persian, published between 1990 and 2018, were included in this review if they were available in full text and had a target population of women. Determinants of hookah smoking at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional/organizational, community, and political levels, were extracted. RESULTS Positive attitude, social-psychological needs, low perceived risk, social-cultural acceptance of hookah, easy access and lack of laws were among the reasons given for consuming hookah. Because hookah smoking is a multifactorial issue, the qualitative method alone was not sufficient to identify the determinants of hookah smoking among women. The opinions of experts in the field of smoking control had been largely neglected in the obtained studies, and most quantitative studies lacked a theoretical framework. CONCLUSIONS To reduce the rate of hookah consumption, actions to be taken include changing women’s positive attitude toward hookah, learning to resist friends’ pressure to smoke, highlighting the unpleasantness of hookah smoking by segregating places with transparent walls within public places, showing in the virtual world that hookah smoking is socially unacceptable, limiting access to hookah tobacco products, and effectively implementing rules that restrict hookah smoking in public places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Dadipoor
- Health Education and Health Promotion, Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Gerjo Kok
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Teamur Aghamolaei
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ali Heyrani
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohtasham Ghaffari
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Centre, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Ghanbarnezhad
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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13
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Mohammadi M, Ghaleiha A, Rahnama R. Effectiveness of a Peer-Led Behavioral Intervention Program on Tobacco Use-Related Knowledge, Attitude, Normative Beliefs, and Intention to Smoke among Adolescents at Iranian Public High Schools. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:111. [PMID: 31360358 PMCID: PMC6592138 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_493_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theory-based tobacco use prevention programs in schools were implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of this peer-led intervention on tobacco use-related knowledge, attitude, normative beliefs, and intention to tobacco use of school children aged 14-17 years old. METHODS A school-based cluster randomized controlled intervention study was conducted among 1st, 2nd, and 3rd grade high school children in Sanandaj City, Iran. 4-h integrated tobacco use prevention program comprising of four structured modules was developed and delivered to the intervention group by trained peer educator. Outcome measures comprised changes in students' smoking-related knowledge, attitude, normative beliefs, and intention to tobacco use from baseline to 6-month follow-up through validated anonymous questionnaire. RESULTS The present study showed an intervention effect on tobacco use-related knowledge, normative beliefs, and intention to tobacco use but not attitude. The results indicated that there was significant decrease in intention to tobacco use (P ≤ 0.013) observed after 6-month postintervention. The intervention module was also effective in improving smoking knowledge (P ≤ 0.001), normative beliefs with regard to perceived prevalence of cigarette smoking and water-pipe use among adults and adolescents (P ≤ 0.001) in intervention group 6-month postintervention. CONCLUSIONS Participation in the peer-led education program to tobacco use prevention may have improvement in knowledge, normative beliefs, and intention to tobacco use. An implementation of the peer-led behavioral intervention components in the school setting may have a beneficial effect on public health by decreasing intention to tobacco use among nonsmoker adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Mohammadi
- Rasht Health Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Ghaleiha
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rozina Rahnama
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
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Yusof NA, Zin FM, Idris NS, Mohammad R. Alternative Tobacco Products Use among Late Adolescents in Kelantan, Malaysia. Korean J Fam Med 2019; 40:254-260. [PMID: 31109161 PMCID: PMC6669394 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.18.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising prevalence of alternative tobacco and nicotine products (ATNPs) use among adolescents is a global concern that has been attributed to the reemergence of preexisting alternative tobacco products and emergence of new ones in the market. This study examined ATNP use among late adolescents. The association between ATNP use and reasons for using them was explored. METHODS This cross-sectional study conducted in 2016 involving 388 late adolescents from six government colleges in Kelantan, Malaysia, aged 18 to 19 years. They were requested to answer self-directed questionnaires with items on sociodemographic information and types of ATNP used. Other variables obtained include the environmental influence and reasons for using the products. Regression analyses between the dependent and independent variables were conducted using IBM SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS The prevalence of ATNP use among late adolescents was 14.4%. The male sex, cigarette smoking status, and peer use were significantly associated with ATNP use. Several reasons for use were not significantly associated with ATNP use: perception of ATNP being less harmful and less addictive compared with cigarettes, curiosity, less expensive than cigarettes, to aid smoking cessation, and pleasurable flavors and taste. CONCLUSION The prevalence of ATNP use among late adolescents studying in government colleges in Kelantan is significant. There is higher perception on ATNP being less harmful and addictive than the conventional cigarette among the users compared with non-users. Significant associations are seen for the male sex, peer use, and concurrent cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Azreen Yusof
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Mohd Zin
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Suhaila Idris
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rosediani Mohammad
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Dehdari T, Mirzaei N, Taghdisi MH, Khosropour A, Zare N. Psychometric Properties of the Iranian Brief Version of the Transtheoretical Model Instrument in Terms of Hookah Tobacco Smoking Cessation. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2019; 10:102-111. [PMID: 31069034 PMCID: PMC6494985 DOI: 10.22122/ahj.v10i2.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Transtheoretical model (TTM) has been recognized as a common theoretical model in researches in terms of addictive behaviors. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian brief version of the TTM for hookah tobacco smoking cessation in a sample of Iranian rural adults who were in the preparation stage for hookah cessation. Methods This was a validation study on Iranian rural adult hookah smokers by the TTM instrument. First, to translate the questionnaire items from English to Persian, backward-forward procedure was used. Face and content validity of the instrument items were assessed. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to determine the construct validity of the instrument. For this aim, 300 participants completed the instrument. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated to examine the internal consistency and reliability of the subscales of the instrument. Findings The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) of the items were ≥ 0.80 and ≥ 0.60, respectively. Based on CFA, the data fitted the TTM model. root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), the goodness of fit index (GFI), adjusted GFI, and comparative fit index (CFI) were 0.037, 0.960, 0.910, and 0.950, respectively. At this stage, 6 items were deleted. The ICC and Cronbach's alpha of the subscales ranged between 0.60-0.74 and 0.71-0.86, respectively. The final instrument with 29 items was confirmed. Conclusion The findings suggest that translating Persian brief version of the TTM instrument was a reliable and valid tool to identify the determinants of hookah smoking cessation among Iranian rural adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Dehdari
- Assistant Professor, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Mirzaei
- PhD Student, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Hossein Taghdisi
- Professor, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Khosropour
- Department of Mathematics, School of Mathematics, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Iran
| | - Najaf Zare
- Professor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine AND Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Lassi G, Taylor AE, Mahedy L, Heron J, Eisen T, Munafò MR. Locus of control is associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption in young adults of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181133. [PMID: 31031995 PMCID: PMC6458410 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Individuals appraise events as a consequence of their own actions (i.e. internal locus of control, LoC) or as the outcome of chance or others' will (i.e. external LoC). We hypothesized that having a more external LoC would be associated with higher risk of tobacco and alcohol use. Few studies have examined this association using large prospective data. We evaluated within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) the associations between LoC at 16 and tobacco and alcohol consumption at 17 and 21 years using logistic regression. A more external LoC at age 16 (N = 4656) was associated with higher odds of being a weekly smoker at age 17 (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.10-1.25) and 21 (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07-1.21) and with dependence measured using the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence at age 17 (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05-1.51) and 21 (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.05-1.49). Individuals with external LoC at age 16 were more likely to be hazardous drinkers according to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test at age 17 (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.15) but not at 21 (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96-1.06). Having a more external LoC at age 16 is associated with increased tobacco consumption at age 17 and 21 and alcohol consumption at 17 years. LoC may represent an intervention target for preventing substance use and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Lassi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Genomics Research, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A. E. Taylor
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - L. Mahedy
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J. Heron
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - T. Eisen
- Oncology Translational Medicine Unit, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - M. R. Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Anbarlouei M, Sarbakhsh P, Dadashzadeh H, Ghiasi A, Ataieasl M, Dorosti A, Mohammadpoorasl A. Cigarette and hookah smoking and their relationship with self-esteem and communication skills among high school students. Health Promot Perspect 2018; 8:230-236. [PMID: 30087847 PMCID: PMC6064751 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2018.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tobacco smoking is one of the most important public health problems that may be prevented. There is limited information about its relationship with communication skills. Findings on the relationships between self-esteem and cigarette/hookah smoking are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between cigarette and hookah smoking,self-esteem and communication skills among a representative sample of high school students. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 1321 tenth-grade students (14-17 years) was selected through multi-stage proportionally cluster sampling in Tabriz, 2017. The participants completed a self–administered multiple choice questionnaire including questions about cigarette smoking, hookah smoking, self-esteem, and communication skills. Results: After controlling for potential confounders, the results demonstrated that higher score of self-esteem protects students against being in advanced stages of cigarette smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.99, P=0.012). However, there was no significant association between self-esteem score and the hookah smoking. Also, there was no significant association between communication skills score and cigarette and hookah smoking. Conclusion: According to our findings, self-esteem was associated with cigarette smoking, but not with hookah smoking. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant association between communication skills score and cigarette and hookah smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Anbarlouei
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Sarbakhsh
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Dadashzadeh
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akbar Ghiasi
- Research assistant of Health Services Administration, Department of Health Services Administration, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Maryam Ataieasl
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbasali Dorosti
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asghar Mohammadpoorasl
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Ayar D, Bektas M, Bektas I, Sal Altan S, Ayar U. Effects of adolescents’ self-efficacy and social anxiety on attitudes toward pros and cons of smoking. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2018.1459899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dijle Ayar
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Bektas
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Bektas
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sema Sal Altan
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ugur Ayar
- Information Computer Technology, Ihsan Celikten Middle School, Izmir, Turkey
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19
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Karimy M, Koohestani HR, Araban M. The association between attitude, self-efficacy, and social support and adherence to diabetes self-care behavior. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2018; 10:86. [PMID: 30534204 PMCID: PMC6260748 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-018-0386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes is a chronic illness which requires lifelong self-care behaviors. The objective of the present research was to investigate the association of self-efficacy, attitude and social support with adherence to diabetes self-care behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2017, 403 diabetic patients of Zarandieh, Iran participated. They were evaluated by valid and reliable questionnaires comprised of items on diabetes self-care, self-efficacy in dealing with problems, social support and attitude towards self-care. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 applying t test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS The results indicated that patients with higher self-care scores had better self-efficacy, social support, and attitude towards self-care. Moreover, self-efficacy, social support, and attitude towards self-care variables accounted for 39.5% of the total variance of self-care behavior. Furthermore, social support (β = 0.87), self-efficacy (β = 0.52), and attitude towards self-care (β = 0.42) were respectively the most important predictors of self-care behaviors. CONCLUSION Social support, self-efficacy and attitude towards self-care behaviors were associated with self-care behaviors in patient with diabetes. They might suggest that educational programs specifically target these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Karimy
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Koohestani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Marzieh Araban
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Public Health School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, 61375-15751 Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Public Health School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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20
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Singh SK, Enzhong L, Reidpath DD, Allotey P. Shisha (waterpipe) smoking initiation among youth in Malaysia and global perspective: a scoping review (2006-2015). Public Health 2017; 144:78-85. [PMID: 28274388 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the initiating factors of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) among youth. STUDY DESIGN The analytic framework for this scoping review was performed using the methodology outlined by Arksey and O'Malley, which includes identification of the research question, study selection, charting the data, collating, summarizing and reporting the results that were primarily guided by the research question; 'what is known about the initiation of shisha smoking among youth?' METHODS Electronic databases such as Cochrane, MEDLINE and PsycINFO were used to search for relevant articles. Articles included were all in English and published within the year of 2006 to 2015. Inclusion criteria; i) age range of 10 to 29 years; ii) examined the reasons why youth started or tried WTS; iii) in full text. Therefore, 26 articles were included in this scoping review. RESULTS This review has identified and classified the initiating factors of WTS among youth in four subtopics: individual factors, interpersonal influences, cigarettes and alcohol use, and media influences. Individual factors and interpersonal influences played an important role in initiation factors of WTS among youth. CONCLUSION This study concludes that public health professionals within the Southeast Asia region need to promote innovative preventive measures through peer-to-peer led interventions that are also easily assessable on social media platforms. The public health messages need to address the misconceptions of risk associated to WTS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine, MAEPS Building, MARDI Complex, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - L Enzhong
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine, MAEPS Building, MARDI Complex, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - D D Reidpath
- Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P Allotey
- Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Shojaeifar M, Niknami S, Mirbalochzahi A, Khammarnia M, Khorram A. Comparison of the effect of educational methods on students' knowledge, attitude and behavior about hookah smoking. Electron Physician 2017; 9:3870-3877. [PMID: 28465820 PMCID: PMC5410919 DOI: 10.19082/3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking tobacco by hookah may seriously affect the health of smokers and those exposed to smoke. This study aimed to compare the effect of educational digital media versus pamphlets on the reduction of hookah use among male high school students in Zahedan, Iran. METHODS A semi-experimental study was conducted on 200 male high school students of Zahedan using multi-stage random sampling for three months in 2014. The samples were divided into two groups - the test (educated using digital films) and the control (educated using pamphlets) groups, and measurement was performed before and after intervention. The data collection instrument was a 53-item questionnaire consisting of demographic, knowledge, attitude, behavior and self-efficacy questions. Its validity and reliability were confirmed. The results before and after the intervention were analyzed using SPSS version 18, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson-product moment correlation coefficient and Chi square test as well as one directional variance analysis. RESULTS There was no significant relation between demographic and basic variables before intervention (p>0.05); however, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and hookah using preventive behavior were significantly different between the two groups after the intervention (p<0.05). Moreover, there was a meaningful relation among the demographic characteristics including age and attitude- the previous educational year's GPA and self-efficacy; and there was a significant relation between father education and self-efficacy. Moreover, there was a significant relation between the main variables of the study, concerning the relation of knowledge and attitude- knowledge and self-efficacy, and attitude and self-efficacy. CONCLUSION Educational digital media is more efficient than the pamphlet in the reduction of hookah use among the students; and that the media may be applied to prevent of hookah use among students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shojaeifar
- M.Sc. Student of Health Education, Department of Health Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamsodin Niknami
- Ph.D. of Health Education, Associate Professor, Department of Health Education, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mirbalochzahi
- Instructor of Health Education, Faculty Member, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khammarnia
- Ph.D. of Health Care Management, Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Khorram
- M.Sc. Student of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Correlates of nicotine dependence among adolescent waterpipe smokers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 168:230-238. [PMID: 27716576 PMCID: PMC5086296 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Waterpipe smoking is addictive and its use is increasing globally among youth, yet little is known about the factors associated with nicotine dependence (ND) among waterpipe smokers. We investigated the factors associated with ND symptoms among a sample of Lebanese adolescents who smoke a waterpipe. METHODS We collected data on factors potentially associated with ND (individual, socio-demographic, environmental, smoking patterns) among 160 current (past 30days) waterpipe smokers recruited from 8th and 9th school grades in Lebanon. We assessed the loss of autonomy over tobacco using the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC), ND using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10), and the number of ND symptoms endorsed. RESULTS Depressive symptoms, lower self-esteem, and having at least one sibling who smokes a waterpipe were associated with the presence of ND symptoms, while enrollment in public schools, smoking a waterpipe ≥30min per session, and believing that cigarette smoking is harmful to health were associated with endorsement of a higher number of ND symptoms. Smoking a whole waterpipe head without sharing and being in 9th grade in this study were associated with the presence and endorsement of a higher number of ND symptoms. CONCLUSIONS We identified specific social and psychological characteristics, waterpipe smoking patterns, and beliefs about harmful effects of smoking associated with the presence of ND among adolescent waterpipe smokers. Considering these factors when planning policies to prevent ND among waterpipe smokers is warranted.
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Varga S, Piko BF. Being lonely or using substances with friends? A cross-sectional study of Hungarian adolescents' health risk behaviours. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1107. [PMID: 26547688 PMCID: PMC4637146 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying adolescents' health risk behaviours is oddly significant in Central and Eastern European countries, where the prevalence of smoking and drinking among 14-18 year old students is significantly high. The goal of our study is to examine the role of social psychological and social behavioural variables in health risk behaviours among Hungarian adolescents. METHODS Our sample was comprised of three high schools of Debrecen (the second largest city of Hungary). In all, 501 students filled in the questionnaire from 22 classes (14-22 years old). Students aged above 18 years were excluded for the purpose of the study, giving a total sample size of 471 high school students. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS According to our results (1) social behavioural factors (namely, smoking and alcohol use of the best friend and peer group) proved to be better predictors of adolescents' health risk behaviours as compared to the included social psychological attributes (2); among the latter ones, loneliness and shyness were negatively related with both smoking and drinking, while competitiveness was a predictor of drinking prevalence among boys. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that social behavioural factors, including smoking and drinking of friends, are oddly important predictors of Hungarian adolescents' health risk behaviours. According to our results, health policy should pay more attention to peer norms related to smoking and drinking during school health promotion. Developing health protective social norms may be an indispensable component of effective health promotion in high schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Varga
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Bettina F Piko
- School of Ph. D. studies, Semmelweis University, Ulloi str. 26, 1085, Budapest, Hungary. .,Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Szeged, Szentharomsag str. 5, 6722, Szeged, Hungary.
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Karimy M, Zareban I, Araban M, Montazeri A. An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) Used to Predict Smoking Behavior Among a Sample of Iranian Medical Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH RISK BEHAVIORS & ADDICTION 2015; 4:e24715. [PMID: 26495261 PMCID: PMC4609501 DOI: 10.5812/ijhrba.24715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking among the youth is an important public health concern. Although several studies have investigated the correlates of smoking behavior, no theory-based study has particularly assessed this problem among medical students. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict smoking behavior among a sample of Iranian medical students. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study carried out in Ahvaz, Iran, 2014. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire, which included items on demographics, smoking behavior, and components of the TPB model (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and intention), and an added construct on smoking refusal skill. Data were analyzed using descriptive correlation, and linear regression statistics by SPSS, version 16. RESULTS One hundred and seventy medical students with a mean age of 21.25 (SD = 2.9) years were enrolled in the study. Of them, 24 (13.5%) students were smokers. All components of the TPB model and smoking refusal skill were statistically significant as to intention to smoke (P < 0.001). The TPB constructs with and without smoking refusal skill accounted for 77% (adjusted R2) and 78% of the variance observed for intention to smoke, respectively. The results also revealed the highest weight for perceived behavior control (β= -0.40). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicated that all TPB variables are useful tools for prediction of the smoking behaviors among students. Particularly, students' perceived behavioral control and attitudes towards smoking were found to be important determinants of smoking intentions. Thus, the findings could be used for planning effective tobacco control programs targeting University students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Karimy
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, IR Iran
| | - Iraj Zareban
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Marzieh Araban
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Ali Montazeri
- Department Mental Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, IR Iran
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Bektas I, Bektas M, Selekoglu Y, Kudubes AA, Altan SS, Ayar D. Effects of Perceived Smoking-Cancer Relationship and Cardiovascular Health Attitudes on Childrens' Views of Smoking. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:2801-5. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.7.2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Paek YJ, Lee S, Kim YH, Lee KS, Yim HW, Kim MS, Kim CH, Jeung O. Effect on smoking quit rate of telling smokers their health risk appraisal in terms of health age: a randomized control trial. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:4963-8. [PMID: 24998572 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.12.4963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated whether providing health risk appraisal for Koreans (KHRA) in terms of 'health age' during smoking cessation program would effectively help smokers quit smoking or not. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 332 male smokers aged between 30-65 years old, registered for a smoking cessation program in a public health center in a city, were recruited and underwent a baseline survey from January 2010 to February 2011. They were then prospectively randomized to a conventional counseling group (n=165) or a KHRA group (n=167), and received conventional counseling or KHRA-based counseling for six months. Abstinence rates were identified through carbon monoxide measurement (at the 4th and 24th weeks) or urinary cotinine level (at the 12th week). RESULTS The abstinence rate confirmed by exhaled carbon monoxide was significantly higher in the KHRA group (61.1%) than the control group (49.1%) at the 4th week (absolute difference 12.0%, 95% CI: 1.4%-22.6%). However, there was no difference in abstinence rates between the two groups at the 12th and 24th weeks. The predicting factors of 24 week's smoking cessation success were age, older than 50 years old (OR 2.02, 95% CI: 1.16-3.52), lower Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence score less than 4 (OR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.03-3.29), and higher Self Efficacy/Temptation score (OR 1.79, 95% CI: 1.05-3.06). CONCLUSIONS Smoking cessation counseling with KHRA could be effective compared to conventional counseling in the short period of smoking cessation. Further study is needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of KHRA in tobacco dependence treatment and to establish the indication and target population of this tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Paek
- Department of Family Medicine, Health Promotion Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Geonggi-do, Korea E-mail :
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Akl EA, Ward KD, Bteddini D, Khaliel R, Alexander AC, Lotfi T, Alaouie H, Afifi RA. The allure of the waterpipe: a narrative review of factors affecting the epidemic rise in waterpipe smoking among young persons globally. Tob Control 2015; 24 Suppl 1:i13-i21. [PMID: 25618895 PMCID: PMC4345979 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this narrative review is to highlight the determinants of the epidemic rise in waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) among youth globally. The Ecological Model of Health Promotion (EMHP) was the guiding framework for the review. Data sources The following electronic databases were searched: Cochrane library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Search terms included waterpipe and its many variant terms. Study selection Articles were included if they were published between 1990 and 2014, were in English, were available in full text and included the age group 10–29 years. Data extraction Articles which analysed determinants of WTS at any of the levels of the EMHP were retained regardless of methodological rigour: 131 articles are included. Articles were coded in a standard template that abstracted methods as well as results. Data synthesis The review found that methodologies used to assess determinants of WTS among youth were often conventional and lacked rigor: 3/4 of the studies were cross-sectional surveys and most enrolled non-representative samples. Within the framework, the review identified determinants of WTS at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, organisational, community and policy levels. Conclusions The review suggests potential interventions to control WTS among youth, with emphasis on creative utilisation of social media, and tobacco control policies that include the specificities of WTS. The review further suggests the need for rigorous qualitative work to better contextualise determinants, and prospective observational and experimental studies that track and manipulate them to assess their viability as intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Akl
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - K D Ward
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - D Bteddini
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - R Khaliel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A C Alexander
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - T Lotfi
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - H Alaouie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - R A Afifi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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