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Islam F, Labib RK, Zehravi M, Lami MS, Das R, Singh LP, Mandhadi JR, Balan P, Khan J, Khan SL, Nainu F, Nafady MH, Rab SO, Emran TB, Wilairatana P. Genus Amorphophallus: A Comprehensive Overview on Phytochemistry, Ethnomedicinal Uses, and Pharmacological Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3945. [PMID: 38068582 PMCID: PMC10707911 DOI: 10.3390/plants12233945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The genus Amorphophallus belongs to the family Araceae. Plants belonging to this genus are available worldwide and have been used in traditional medicines since ancient times, mainly in Ayurveda and Unani medical practices. Amorphophallus species are an abundant source of polyphenolic compounds; these are accountable for their pharmacological properties, such as their analgesic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiobesity, and immunomodulatory effects, as well as their ability to prevent gastrointestinal disturbance and reduce blood glucose. Moreover, Amorphophallus species contain numerous other classes of chemical compounds, such as alkaloids, steroids, fats and fixed oils, tannins, proteins, and carbohydrates, each of which contributes to the pharmacological effects for the treatment of acute rheumatism, tumors, lung swelling, asthma, vomiting, abdominal pain, and so on. Additionally, Amorphophallus species have been employed in numerous herbal formulations and pharmaceutical applications. There has been no extensive review conducted on the Amorphophallus genus as of yet, despite the fact that several experimental studies are being published regularly discussing these plants' pharmacological properties. So, this review discusses in detail the pharmacological properties of Amorphophallus species. We also discuss phytochemical constituents in the Amorphophallus species and their ethnomedicinal uses and toxicological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (F.I.); (T.B.E.)
| | - Rafiuddin Khan Labib
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashia Subha Lami
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Laliteshwar Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayan Institute of Pharmacy, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Sasaram 821305, India
| | - Jithendar Reddy Mandhadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Down Town University (AdtU), Gandhinagar 781026, India
| | - P. Balan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Erode College of Pharmacy, Erode 638112, India
| | - Jishan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Sharuk L. Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, N.B.S. Institute of Pharmacy, Ausa 413520, India
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Mohamed H. Nafady
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12568, Egypt
| | - Safia Obaidur Rab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (F.I.); (T.B.E.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Glucomannan as a Dietary Supplement for Treatment of Breast Cancer in a Mouse Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101746. [PMID: 36298611 PMCID: PMC9608331 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a water-soluble polysaccharide derived from the Amorphophallus’s tuber and, as herbal medicine has shown, can suppress tumor growth or improve health. However, there has been no investigation into the effects of KGM on breast tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, in two cohort experiments, we assessed the effect of glucomannan at daily doses of 2 and 4 mg for 28 days as a dietary supplement and also glucomannan in combination with tumor lysate vaccine as an adjuvant. Tumor volume was monitored twice weekly. In addition, TNF-α cytokines and granzyme B (Gr–B) release were measured with ELISA kits, and IL-2, IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ were used as an index for cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. Moreover, TGF-β and Foxp3 gene expression were assessed in a real-time PCR test. The results show that glucomannan as a dietary supplement increased the IFN-γ cytokine and Th1 responses to suppress tumor growth. Glucomannan as a dietary supplement at the 4 mg dose increased the IL-4 cytokine response compared to control groups. In addition, cell lysate immunization with 2 or 4 mg of glucomannan suppressed tumor growth. As an adjuvant, glucomannan at both doses showed 41.53% and 52.10% tumor suppression compared with the PBS group. Furthermore, the administration of glucomannan as a dietary supplement or adjuvant reduced regulatory T cell response through decreasing TGF-β and Foxp3 gene expression in the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, glucomannan as a dietary supplement or adjuvant enhanced the immune responses of tumor-bearing mice and decreased immune response suppression in the tumor milieu, making it a potentially excellent therapeutic agent for lowering breast tumor growth.
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Mishra S, Alhodieb FS, Barkat MA, Hassan MZ, Barkat HA, Ali R, Alam P, Alam O. Antitumor and hepatoprotective effect of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. in a murine model of colon cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114597. [PMID: 34492318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. (C. reflexa) is a well-known traditional herbal plant, with numerous inherent therapeutic potentials including anticancer, antitumor, antibacterial, analgesic, anthelmintic, laxative and others. Moreover, the anticancer and antitumor potentials of this herb are ongoing with several trails, thus an attempt was made to assess the anticancer and hepatoprotective potentials of traditional C. reflexa herbs. METHOD The dried ethanolic extract of C. reflexa was tested for acute oral toxicity in the treated animals subsequently their behavioral, neurological, and autonomic profiles changes were observed. The preliminary anti-cancer effects of extracts against 1, 2- Dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) induced animals were assessed through barium enema X-ray, colonoscopy, and Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) studies. The blood samples of the animals (treated and untreated) were collected and their in-vitro histological parameters were evaluated by the experienced technician. RESULTS It was observed that C. reflexa significantly reduced Disease activity indexing (DAI) level and ACF counting, as well as demonstrated similar activity as of the standard drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Histopathological results revealed that the apoptotic bodies decreased in the DMH-induced group (group II) during cancer progression while in 5-FU treated (group III) and C. reflexa treated (group IV and V) animals the apoptotic bodies were increased. Inversely, the mitotic bodies increased in group II animals and reduced in group III, IV, and V animals. In the colonic section, DMH-induced cancer assay exhibited significant effects on the levels of hemoglobin, Packed cell volume (PCV), Red blood cell (RBC) counts, Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), and was found to be less in group II animals whereas administration of C. reflexa efficiently recovered back the loss probably by healing the colon damage/depletion of cancer progression. Moreover, compared to the group II animals, the neutrophil count was within the normal range in C. reflexa administered group. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, the major hematological parameters significantly increased within DMH treated animals and exhibited extensive damage in the hepatic regions. Moreover, the histopathological findings demonstrated that the C. reflexa extracts potentially reduced the cell proliferation, with no toxicity. The C. reflexa extracts exhibited impending anti-cancer activity as well as protected the hepatic cells and thus could be potentially used in the management of colon or colorectal cancer and hepatic impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, U.P., India.
| | - Fahad Saad Alhodieb
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Arrass, Qassim University, P.O. BOX:6666, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Al Jamiah, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohd Zaheen Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Harshita Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Al Jamiah, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Perwaiz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ozair Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
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Abdel-Rasol MA, El-Beih NM, Yahya SS, El-Sayed WM. The Antitumor Activity of Ginger against Colorectal Cancer Induced by Dimethylhydrazine in Rats. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:1601-1610. [PMID: 34477526 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210903112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bowl or colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer with about two million new cases every year. CRC is the second leading cause of cancer related mortalities. OBJECTIVE The study aims to evaluate the anticancer activity of ethanolic Ginger Extract (GE) in HCT-116 colon cells and colorectal tumors induced by dimethylhydrazine (DMH). METHODS The antiproliferative activity was measured by MTT assay and the gene expression was assessed by q-RTPCR. For the antitumor study, rats were divided into five groups in random; control, group two was orally treated with 300 mg/kg of GE for 21 weeks, group three was s.c. injected with DMH (20 mg/kg) for 9 weeks, and groups four and five were treated with DMH and then treated with cisplatin (2.5 mg/kg, i.p) or GE, respectively, for 21 weeks. RESULTS GE had a significant antiproliferative activity with IC50~ 12.5 µg/ml. GE induced both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. GE induced the expression of FasL, TRAIL, p53, and caspase-8 and downregulated Bcl-2 and survivin genes. Treatment of rats with DMH resulted in 100% tumor incidence and 2.3 tumors/rat. DMH significantly elevated the serum ALT, urea, and creatinine and significantly decreased the body weight gain. DMH also caused significant reductions in the hepatic GSH level, and the activities of catalase, SOD, GST, and GR in the liver as well as the renal GSH content and γ-GT activity. The colon from rats insulted with DMH showed adenomatous polyps with polymorphism and mitosis. The mucosa and submucosa were infested with inflammatory cells while serosa and muscularis were devoid from these cells. However, the muscularis was infiltrated with cystic formation, anaplastic changes, and hemorrhage. GE was able to alleviate all the previous deleterious effects of DMH and it was superior to cisplatin in its ameliorative effects. It did so without eliciting hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity which were shown in the group treated with DMH and cisplatin. CONCLUSION This study proved that the antitumor activity of GE against the DMH induced-CRC is superior to cisplatin. GE was also safer than cisplatin and did not elicit hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. GE induced apoptosis and has carcinostatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Abdel-Rasol
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ain Shams, Abbassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia M El-Beih
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ain Shams, Abbassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa S Yahya
- Department of Hormones, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wael M El-Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ain Shams, Abbassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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Khan G N, Kumar N, Ballal R A, Datta D, Belle VS. Unveiling antioxidant and anti-cancer potentials of characterized Annona reticulata leaf extract in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal cancer in Wistar rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 12:579-589. [PMID: 34674920 PMCID: PMC8642649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Annona reticulata (AR) also known as bullock's heart, is a traditional herb. AR leaf extract was initially investigated for its anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-helminthic, anti-stress, and wound healing properties. Only a few in vitro cancer studies have been conducted on AR. Although few studies have linked AR leaf extract to many cancers, comprehensive studies addressing regulation, biological functions, and molecular mechanisms leading to CC pathogenesis are clearly lacking. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to explore the antioxidant and anti-cancer potentials of AR leaf extract in CC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MTT assay was used to test the anti-proliferative activity of AR leaf extract in vitro on the HCT116 cell line. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical characterization was carried out using gas chromatography: mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was used to establish CC model in female Wistar rats. The acute toxicity of AR leaf extract was tested in accordance with OECD guidelines. Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF) count, organ index, and hematological estimations were used to screen for in vivo anti-cancer potential. The antioxidant activity of colon homogenate was determined. RESULTS The alcoholic leaf extract (IC50, 0.55 μg/ml) was found to be more potent than the aqueous extract. Using GC-MS, a total of 108 compounds were quantified in the alcoholic leaf extract. The LD 50 value was found to be safe at a dose of 98.11 mg/kg of body weight. AR alcoholic leaf extract significantly (p < 0.05) decreased ACF count and normalized colon length/weight ratio. AR leaf extract increased RBC, hemoglobin and platelets levels. The AR alcoholic leaf extract reduced the DMH-induced tumors and significantly (p < 0.05) increased the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and decreased the lipid peroxidase activity. AR leaf extract reduced the inflammation caused by DMH and helped to repair the colon's damaged muscle layers. CONCLUSION Based on the findings from the present study, it can be concluded that the alcoholic leaf extract of AR has antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties and can aid in the prevention of CC development and dysplasia caused by DMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Khan G
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Abhijna Ballal R
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Datta
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijetha Shenoy Belle
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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López-Mejía A, Ortega-Pérez LG, Magaña-Rodríguez OR, Ayala-Ruiz LA, Piñón-Simental JS, Hernández DG, Rios-Chavez P. Protective effect of Callistemon citrinus on oxidative stress in rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112070. [PMID: 34435594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Callistemon citrinus has terpenes effective in inducing antioxidant enzymes, an important mechanism involved in cancer chemoprevention. This study investigated the chemopreventive efficacy of herbal preparation of C. citrinus leaves against the oxidative stress produced during the colorectal cancer (CRC) in male Wistar rats. The amelioration of toxicity in a model of CRC induced with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was determined by assessing antioxidant enzymes, phase II enzymes activities and lipid peroxidation (LPO) products after 22 weeks of treatment. C. citrinus was administered at a daily oral dose of 250 mg/kg. The activities in proximal, middle and distal colon, liver, kidney and heart were determined. C. citrinus showed a strong antioxidant activity that correlated with the high content of phenolics and terpenoids. DMH treated animals showed a decrease of the enzymes activity in most tissues and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH). Conversely, the levels of lipid peroxidation products were increased. Macroscopic examination revealed the protective effect of C. citrinus in damaged organs caused by DMH. Moreover, histopathological examination of the liver displayed normal structure in the C. citrinus-treated group, unlike the DMH-treated group. C. citrinus supplementation significantly maintained or increased the antioxidant enzyme activities, whereas lipid peroxidation products levels were reduced to values similar to the level of control group. The ability of C. citrinus to induce the antioxidant system reduced the damage of oxidative stress, which makes this plant a good candidate to be used as a prevention agent in treatment of diseases such as colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López-Mejía
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Cd. Universitaria, C.P 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Luis Gerardo Ortega-Pérez
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Cd. Universitaria, C.P 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Oliver Rafid Magaña-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Cd. Universitaria, C.P 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Luis Alberto Ayala-Ruiz
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Cd. Universitaria, C.P 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Jonathan Saúl Piñón-Simental
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Cd. Universitaria, C.P 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Daniel Godínez Hernández
- Instituto Químico-Biológicas Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-2, Cd Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Patricia Rios-Chavez
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Cd. Universitaria, C.P 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, México.
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Abdel-Rasol M, El-Beih NM, Yahya SMM, Ismail MA, El-Sayed WM. The Antitumor Activity of a Novel Fluorobenzamidine against Dimethylhydrazine- Induced Colorectal Cancer in Rats. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:450-463. [PMID: 31736450 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191021162411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. The incidence of deaths is expected to be 11.4 million in 2030. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant and antitumor activities of a novel Bithiophene- Fluorobenzamidine (BFB) against DMH-induced colorectal cancer in rats. METHODS The antiproliferative activity of BFB against HCT-116 colon cancer cells and apoptotic genes was assessed. In vivo study was also conducted in which 80 adult male rats were divided into 5 groups; control, BFB, and the other 3 groups were injected with DMH (20mg/kg, s.c., for 9 weeks). Group 4 was injected with 5 doses of cisplatin (2.5mg/kg, i.p over 21 weeks) and group 5 was injected with 3 doses/week of BFB (2.5mg/kg, i.p, for 21 weeks). RESULTS BFB exhibited weak to moderate in vitro antioxidant activity. It had a strong antiproliferative activity with IC50 ~0.3µg/ml. BFB induced extrinsic apoptosis through the upregulation of FasL, TRAL, p53 and caspase-8, and intrinsic apoptosis through the downregulation of Bcl-2 and survivin. BFB decreased the tumor incidence, multiplicity and size and improved the decreased body weight. BFB also ameliorated the functions of kidney and liver and antioxidants deteriorated by DMH. BFB significantly improved the pathological changes caused by DMH in colon tissues. CONCLUSION BFB showed a very promising antitumor activity against colorectal cancer induced by DMH in rats without causing hepato- or nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdel-Rasol
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ain Shams, Abbassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia M El-Beih
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ain Shams, Abbassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa M M Yahya
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Wael M El-Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ain Shams, Abbassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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de Lima DAN, Pelegrini BB, Uechi FAA, Varago RC, Pimenta BB, Kaneshima AMDS, Kaneshima EN, Souza PDC, Pedroso RB, Silveira TGV, Becker TCA. Evaluation of Antineoplasic Activity of Zingiber Officinale Essential Oil in the Colorectal Region of Wistar Rats. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2141-2147. [PMID: 32711443 PMCID: PMC7573421 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.7.2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aberrant Crypt (AC) and Aberrant Crypt Focus (ACF) are considered pre-neoplasic lesions, ranging from hyperplasia to different degrees of dysplasia in the colon. This work aimed to evaluate and quantify the chemopreventive activity of Zingiber officinale essential oil in the colorectal region of Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS We extracted the essential oil from ginger rhizomes and carried out ACF induction, in rats, with 1.2 Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at a 20 mg/kg dose. The experimental groups were GI (negative control); GII (positive induction control); GIII (DMH + essential oil); GIV (DMH +5-Florouracil) and GV (essential oil). The histological techniques used were methylene blue, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) dyeing, and immunohistochemistry (IHQ). RESULTS The major essential oil compounds were citral (17.25%), δ-citral (10.25%), camphene (9.55%), α-zingiberene (7.57%), nerol (6.37%) and plelandrene (6.83%). For the presence of AC or ACF, we did not observe them in GI and GV, while in GII and GIII, they were observed, in high values, in both regions, but only in the distal region, there was a significant difference between them. For GIV, for both regions, there were significant lower numbers of AC when compared to GIII. As observed, with HE, there were hyperplastic and dysplastic ACF in the proximal and distal portions of the colon. For IHQ analyses, there were positively PCNA antibody marked cells in all experimental groups. Yet, there was no significant correlation of mitotic index among them. Moreover, the results of GIII compared to GIV were very similar. CONCLUSION In this sense, the Zingiber officinale essential oil has good antioxidant potential because it presents a mixture of monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds. Thus, it is able to develop a chemoprotective effect, as it presented similar results to the standard drug, showing cell proliferation control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Bueno Pimenta
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringa, UEM, Brazil.
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Venkatachalam K, Vinayagam R, Arokia Vijaya Anand M, Isa NM, Ponnaiyan R. Biochemical and molecular aspects of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis: a review. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:2-18. [PMID: 32440334 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) is a member in the class of hydrazines, strong DNA alkylating agent, naturally present in cycads. DMH is widely used as a carcinogen to induce colon cancer in animal models. Exploration of DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis in rodent models provides the knowledge to perceive the biochemical, molecular, and histological mechanisms of different stages of colon carcinogenesis. The procarcinogen DMH, after a series of metabolic reactions, finally reaches the colon, there produces the ultimate carcinogen and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further alkylate the DNA and initiate the development of colon carcinogenesis. The preneolpastic lesions and histopathological observations of DMH-induced colon tumors may provide typical understanding about the disease in rodents and humans. In addition, this review discusses about the action of biotransformation and antioxidant enzymes involved in DMH intoxication. This understanding is essential to accurately identify and interpret alterations that occur in the colonic mucosa when evaluating natural or pharmacological compounds in DMH-induced animal colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikkumar Venkatachalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain-17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ramachandran Vinayagam
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632 115, India
| | | | - Nurulfiza Mat Isa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rajasekar Ponnaiyan
- Department of Zoology, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620020, India
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Li JY, Sun F, Zhou HF, Yang J, Huang C, Fan H. A Systematic Review Exploring the Anticancer Activity and Mechanisms of Glucomannan. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:930. [PMID: 31507423 PMCID: PMC6715771 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucomannan, long recognized as the active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Konjac glucomannan, is a naturally occurring polysaccharide existing in certain plant species and fungi. Due to its special property to also serve as a dietary supplement, glucomannan has been widely applied in clinic to lower body weight and circulation cholesterol level and to treat constipation, diabetes, and arterial sclerosis. Besides the regulatory role engaged with gastroenterological and metabolic syndrome, recently, its therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanisms in treating cancerous diseases have been appreciated by mounting researches. The present review aims to emphasize the multifaceted aspects of how glucomannan exerts its anti-tumor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Sun
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Feng Zhou
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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López-Mejia A, Ortega-Pérez LG, Godinez-Hernández D, Nateras-Marin B, Meléndez-Herrera E, Rios-Chavez P. Chemopreventive effect of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels against colon cancer induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:1417-1426. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Orientin, a flavanoid, mitigates 1, 2 dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal lesions in Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:977-987. [PMID: 30319939 PMCID: PMC6180431 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DMH induced preneoplastic lesions in colonic mucosa. Orientin treatment reduced DMH induction of cytochrome P450. Orientin attenuates DMH induced aberrant crypt formation. Orientin suppresses colonic tumor cell proliferation.
Orientin, a c- glycosyl flavonoid found copiously in roobios tea and various medicinal plants is well known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. The present study aims to investigate the anti-cancer efficacy of orientin on 1,2 dimethyl hydrazine induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and cell proliferation in Wistar rats. Rats were randomly divided into six groups and fed with high fat diet. Group 1 left as untreated control. Group 2 administered with DMH (20 mg/kg body weight) for initial 4 weeks and left untreated. Group 3 received orientin (10 mg/kg body weight) alone for the entire period. Group 4 received orientin along with DMH for initial 4 weeks and left untreated; Group 5 administered DMH for initial 4 weeks and treated with orientin for remaining 12 weeks; Group 6 administered DMH and treated with orientin throughout the entire period. Our preclinical findings suggest that the administration of orientin decreases the occurrence of DMH induced colonic polyps and aberrant crypt foci, augments antioxidant defense and altered the activities of drug metabolizing phase I and phase II enzymes in colonic and hepatic tissues and thereby ensuring the detoxification of carcinogen. Furthermore, orientin attenuates the aberrant crypt foci formation and reinstates the DMH induced cell proliferation, as evident from the AgNORs staining of colonic tissues of experimental rats. Thus, our study emphasizes that orientin may prevent DMH induced precancerous lesions and proven to be a potent antioxidant and antiproliferative agent.
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13
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Chen X, Yuan LQ, Li LJ, Lv Y, Chen PF, Pan L. Suppression of gastric cancer by extract from the tuber of amorphophallus konjac via induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1051-1058. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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14
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Pandurangan AK, Esa NM. Luteolin, a bioflavonoid inhibits colorectal cancer through modulation of multiple signaling pathways: a review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:5501-8. [PMID: 25081655 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.14.5501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin, 3', 4', 5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone, belongs to a group of naturally occurring compounds called flavonoids that are found widely in the plant kingdom. It possesses many beneficial properties including antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic and anti-proliferative actions. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Many signaling pathways are deregulated during the progression of colon cancer. In this review we aimed to analyze the protection offered by luteolin on colon cancer. During colon cancer genesis, luteolin known to reduce oxidative stress thereby protects the cell to undergo damage in vivo. Wnt/β-catenin signaling, deregulated during neoplastic development, is modified by luteolin. Hence, luteolin can be considered as a potential drug to treat CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail :
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15
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Goh TB, Yian KR, Mordi MN, Mansor SM. Antioxidant value and Antiproliferative Efficacy of Mitragynine and a Silane Reduced Analogue. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.14.5659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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