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Papadaki MA, Papadaki E, Chatziavraam S, Aggouraki D, Michaelidou K, Fotsitzoudis C, Vassilakopoulou M, Mavroudis D, Agelaki S. Prognostic Value of Fas/Fas Ligand Expression on Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and Immune Cells in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2927. [PMID: 39272785 PMCID: PMC11393959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16172927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) system is a major apoptosis-regulating pathway with a key role in tumor immune surveillance and metastasis. The expression of Fas/FasL on mammary tumor tissues holds prognostic value for breast cancer (BC) patients. We herein assessed Fas/FasL expression on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 98 patients with metastatic BC receiving first-line treatment. Fas+, FasL+, and Fas+/FasL+ CTCs were identified in 88.5%, 92.3%, and 84.6% of CTC-positive patients, respectively. In addition, Fas+/FasL+, Fas-/FasL+, and Fas-/FasL- PBMCs were identified in 70.3%, 24.2%, and 5.5% of patients, respectively. A reduced progression-free survival (PFS) was revealed among CTC-positive patients (median PFS: 9.5 versus 13.4 months; p = 0.004), and specifically among those harboring Fas+/FasL+ CTCs (median PFS: 9.5 vs. 13.4 months; p = 0.009). On the other hand, an increased overall survival (OS) was demonstrated among patients with Fas+/FasL+ PBMCs rather than those with Fas-/FasL+ and Fas-/FasL- PBMCs (median OS: 35.7 vs. 25.9 vs. 14.4 months, respectively; p = 0.008). These data provide for the first time evidence on Fas/FasL expression on CTCs and PBMCs with significant prognostic value for patients with metastatic BC, thus highlighting the role of the Fas/FasL system in the peripheral immune response and metastatic progression of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Papadaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Eleni Papadaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Sofia Chatziavraam
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Despoina Aggouraki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Kleita Michaelidou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Charalampos Fotsitzoudis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Vassilakopoulou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sofia Agelaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
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2
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Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Momeny M, Rezaei N, Fallah F, Bashash D. Immune landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma: From dysregulation of the immune responses to the potential immunotherapies. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4098. [PMID: 39034646 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a considerable global health burden due to its late diagnosis and high morbidity. The liver's specific anatomical and physiological features expose it to various antigens, requiring precise immune regulation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a comprehensive overview of the interactions between the immune system and gut microbiota in the development of HCC, as well as the relevant therapeutic approaches are discussed. Dysregulation of immune compartments within the liver microenvironment drives HCC pathogenesis, characterized by elevated regulatory cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and M2 macrophages as well as suppressive molecules, alongside reduced number of effector cells like T cells, natural killer cells, and M1 macrophages. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota also contributes to HCC by disrupting intestinal barrier integrity and triggering overactivated immune responses. Immunotherapy approaches, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, have exhibited promise in HCC management, yet adoptive cell therapy and cancer vaccination research are in the early steps with relatively less favorable outcomes. Further understanding of immune dysregulation, gut microbiota involvement, and therapeutic combination strategies are essential for advancing precision immunotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Momeny
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Webb MJ, Sangsuwannukul T, van Vloten J, Evgin L, Kendall B, Tonne J, Thompson J, Metko M, Moore M, Chiriboga Yerovi MP, Olin M, Borgatti A, McNiven M, Monga SPS, Borad MJ, Melcher A, Roberts LR, Vile R. Expression of tumor antigens within an oncolytic virus enhances the anti-tumor T cell response. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5442. [PMID: 38937436 PMCID: PMC11211353 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Although patients benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapy in a broad variety of tumors, resistance may arise from immune suppressive tumor microenvironments (TME), which is particularly true of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since oncolytic viruses (OV) can generate a highly immune-infiltrated, inflammatory TME, OVs could potentially restore ICI responsiveness via recruitment, priming, and activation of anti-tumor T cells. Here we find that on the contrary, an oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus, expressing interferon-ß (VSV-IFNß), antagonizes the effect of anti-PD-L1 therapy in a partially anti-PD-L1-responsive model of HCC. Cytometry by Time of Flight shows that VSV-IFNß expands dominant anti-viral effector CD8 T cells with concomitant relative disappearance of anti-tumor T cell populations, which are the target of anti-PD-L1. However, by expressing a range of HCC tumor antigens within VSV, combination OV and anti-PD-L1 therapeutic benefit could be restored. Our data provide a cautionary message for the use of highly immunogenic viruses as tumor-specific immune-therapeutics by showing that dominant anti-viral T cell responses can inhibit sub-dominant anti-tumor T cell responses. However, through encoding tumor antigens within the virus, oncolytic virotherapy can generate anti-tumor T cell populations upon which immune checkpoint blockade can effectively work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason J Webb
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Jacob van Vloten
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Department, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Benjamin Kendall
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jason Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Muriel Metko
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Madelyn Moore
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | | | - Michael Olin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Antonella Borgatti
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Clinical Investigation Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Mark McNiven
- Mayo Center for Biomedical Discovery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Satdarshan P S Monga
- Pittsburgh Liver Institute, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Alan Melcher
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Richard Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Joan Reece Department of Immuno-oncology, King's College London, London, UK.
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Hsu CY, Mustafa MA, Kumar A, Pramanik A, Sharma R, Mohammed F, Jawad IA, Mohammed IJ, Alshahrani MY, Ali Khalil NAM, Shnishil AT, Abosaoda MK. Exploiting the immune system in hepatic tumor targeting: Unleashing the potential of drugs, natural products, and nanoparticles. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155266. [PMID: 38554489 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic tumors present a formidable challenge in cancer therapeutics, necessitating the exploration of novel treatment strategies. In recent years, targeting the immune system has attracted interest to augment existing therapeutic efficacy. The immune system in hepatic tumors includes numerous cells with diverse actions. CD8+ T lymphocytes, T helper 1 (Th1) CD4+ T lymphocytes, alternative M1 macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells provide the antitumor immunity. However, Foxp3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs), M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are the key immune inhibitor cells. Tumor stroma can also affect these interactions. Targeting these cells and their secreted molecules is intriguing for eliminating malignant cells. The current review provides a synopsis of the immune system components involved in hepatic tumor expansion and highlights the molecular and cellular pathways that can be targeted for therapeutic intervention. It also overviews the diverse range of drugs, natural products, immunotherapy drugs, and nanoparticles that have been investigated to manipulate immune responses and bolster antitumor immunity. The review also addresses the potential advantages and challenges associated with these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chou-Yi Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan City 71710, Taiwan
| | | | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Atreyi Pramanik
- Institute of Pharma Sciences and Research, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Rajiv Sharma
- Institute of Pharma Sciences and Research, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Faraj Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq
| | | | - Imad Jasim Mohammed
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | - Munther Kadhim Abosaoda
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
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5
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Yi P, Yu W, Xiong Y, Dong Y, Huang Q, Lin Y, Du Y, Hua F. IL-35: New Target for Immunotherapy Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:148-158. [PMID: 37988561 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 35(IL-35) is a newly discovered inhibitory cytokine of the IL12 family. More recently, IL-35 was found to be increased in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and peripheral blood of many patients with cancer, indicating that it plays an important role in the TME. Tumors secrete cytokines that recruit myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Treg) into the TME to promote malignant progression, which is a great challenge for cancer treatment. Radiotherapy causes serious adverse effects, and tumor resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors is still an unsolved challenge. Thus, new cancer therapy approaches are urgently needed. Numerous studies have shown that IL-35 can recruit immunosuppressive cells to enable tumor immune escape by promoting the conversion of immune cells into a tumor growth-promoting phenotype as well as facilitating tumor angiogenesis. IL-35-neutralizing antibodies were found to boost the chemotherapeutic effect of gemcitabine and considerably reduce the microvascular density of pancreatic cancer in mice. Therefore, targeting IL-35 in the TME provides a promising cancer treatment target. In addition, IL-35 may be used as an independent prognostic factor for some tumors in the near future. This review intends to reveal the interplay of IL-35 with immune cells in the TME, which may provide new options for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Fuzhou First People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yao Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanchang Central Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
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6
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Vile R, Webb M, van Vloten J, Evgin L, Sangsuwannukul T, Kendall B, Tonne J, Thompson J, Metko M, Moore M, Yerovi MC, McNiven M, Monga S, Borad M, Roberts L. Chimerization of the Anti-Viral CD8 + T Cell Response with A Broad Anti-Tumor T Cell Response Reverses Inhibition of Checkpoint Blockade Therapy by Oncolytic Virotherapy. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3576281. [PMID: 38045348 PMCID: PMC10690324 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3576281/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has produced profound survival benefits in a broad variety of tumors, a proportion of patients do not respond. Treatment failure is in part due to immune suppressive tumor microenvironments (TME), which is particularly true of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since oncolytic viruses (OV) can generate a highly immune-infiltrated, inflammatory TME, we developed a vesicular stomatitis virus expressing interferon-ß (VSV-IFNß) as a viro-immunotherapy against HCC. Since HCC standard of care atezolizumab/bevacizumab incorporates ICI, we tested the hypothesis that pro-inflammatory VSV-IFNß would recruit, prime, and activate anti-tumor T cells, whose activity anti-PD-L1 ICI would potentiate. However, in a partially anti-PD-L1-responsive model of HCC, addition of VSV-IFNß abolished anti-PD-L1 therapy. Cytometry by Time of Flight showed that VSV-IFNß expanded dominant anti-viral effector CD8 T cells with concomitant, relative disappearance of anti-tumor T cell populations which are the target of anti-PD-L1. However, by expressing a range of HCC tumor antigens within VSV, the potent anti-viral response became amalgamated with an anti-tumor T cell response generating highly significant cures compared to anti-PD-L1 ICI alone. Our data provide a cautionary message for the use of highly immunogenic viruses as tumor-specific immune-therapeutics by showing that dominant anti-viral T cell responses can inhibit sub-dominant anti-tumor T cell responses. However, by chimerizing anti-viral and anti-tumor T cell responses through encoding tumor antigens within the virus, oncolytic virotherapy can be purposed for very effective immune driven tumor clearance and can generate anti-tumor T cell populations upon which immune checkpoint blockade can effectively work.
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7
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Chen C, Wang Z, Ding Y, Qin Y. Tumor microenvironment-mediated immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133308. [PMID: 36845131 PMCID: PMC9950271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and is the third leading cause of tumor-related mortality worldwide. In recent years, the emergency of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has revolutionized the management of HCC. Especially, the combination of atezolizumab (anti-PD1) and bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) has been approved by the FDA as the first-line treatment for advanced HCC. Despite great breakthrough in systemic therapy, HCC continues to portend a poor prognosis owing to drug resistance and frequent recurrence. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of HCC is a complex and structured mixture characterized by abnormal angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, and dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, collectively contributing to the immunosuppressive milieu that in turn prompts HCC proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment coexists and interacts with various immune cells to maintain the development of HCC. It is widely accepted that a dysfunctional tumor-immune ecosystem can lead to the failure of immune surveillance. The immunosuppressive TME is an external cause for immune evasion in HCC consisting of 1) immunosuppressive cells; 2) co-inhibitory signals; 3) soluble cytokines and signaling cascades; 4) metabolically hostile tumor microenvironment; 5) the gut microbiota that affects the immune microenvironment. Importantly, the effectiveness of immunotherapy largely depends on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Also, the gut microbiota and metabolism profoundly affect the immune microenvironment. Understanding how TME affects HCC development and progression will contribute to better preventing HCC-specific immune evasion and overcoming resistance to already developed therapies. In this review, we mainly introduce immune evasion of HCC underlying the role of immune microenvironment, describe the dynamic interaction of immune microenvironment with dysfunctional metabolism and the gut microbiome, and propose therapeutic strategies to manipulate the TME in favor of more effective immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yanru Qin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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8
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Ait-Ahmed Y, Lafdil F. Novel insights into the impact of liver inflammatory responses on primary liver cancer development. LIVER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
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9
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Riaz F, Wei P, Pan F. Fine-tuning of regulatory T cells is indispensable for the metabolic steatosis-related hepatocellular carcinoma: A review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:949603. [PMID: 35912096 PMCID: PMC9337771 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.949603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of chronic hepatic diseases are caused by nutritional imbalance. These nutritional inequities include excessive intake of alcohol and fat, which causes alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), respectively. The pathogenesis of hepatic diseases is mainly dependent on oxidative stress, autophagy, DNA damage, and gut microbiota and their metabolites. These factors influence the normal physiology of the liver and impact the hepatic microenvironment. The hepatic microenvironment contains several immune cells and inflammatory cytokines which interact with each other and contribute to the progression of chronic hepatic diseases. Among these immune cells, Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the crucial subset of CD4+ T cells that create an immunosuppressive environment. This review emphasizes the function of Tregs in the pathogenesis of ALD and NAFLD and their role in the progression of NAFLD-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Briefly, Tregs establish an immunosuppressive landscape in the liver by interacting with the innate immune cells and gut microbiota and their metabolites. Meanwhile, with the advancement of steatosis, these Tregs inhibit the proliferation, activation and functions of other cytotoxic T cells and support the progression of simple steatosis to HCC. Briefly, it can be suggested that targeting Tregs can act as a favourable prognostic indicator by modulating steatosis and insulin resistance during the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and NAFLD-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Riaz
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Pan,
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10
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Gholipour E, Kahroba H, Soltani N, Samadi P, Sarvarian P, Vakili-Samiani S, Hosein Pour Feizi AA, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Baghersalimi A, Darbandi B, Movassaghpour A, Talebi M, Motavalli R, Mehdizadeh A, Kazemi A, Yousefi M. Paediatric pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-derived exosomes regulate immune function in human T cells. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4566-4576. [PMID: 35822529 PMCID: PMC9357647 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes derived from solid tumour cells are involved in immune suppression, angiogenesis and metastasis; however, the role of leukaemia‐derived exosomes has less been investigated. Hence, changes in immune response‐related genes and human T cells apoptosis co‐incubated with exosomes isolated from patients' pre‐B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were evaluated in this in vitro study. Vein blood sample was obtained from each newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patient prior any therapy. ALL serum exosomes were isolated by ultrafiltration and characterized using Western blotting and transmission electron microscopy. Exosomes were then co‐incubated with T lymphocytes and the gene expressions, as well as functions of human T cells were quantified by qRT‐PCR. Apoptosis and caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 protein expression were also evaluated by flowcytometry and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Exosomes isolated from ALL patients affected T lymphocytes and elevated the apoptosis. Moreover, these exosomes altered the T cells profile into regulatory type by increasing the expression of FOXP3 and Tregs‐related cytokines, including TGF‐B and IL‐10. The expression level of Th17‐related transcription factors (RoRγt) and interleukins (IL‐17 and IL‐23) decreased after this treatment. According to our findings, exosomes derived from ALL patients' sera carry immunosuppressive molecules, indicating the possible effect of exosomes as liquid biomarkers for cancer staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Gholipour
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Houman Kahroba
- Departments of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Nasim Soltani
- Master of Science Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing, Faculity of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Samadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Sarvarian
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Vakili-Samiani
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Adel Baghersalimi
- Pediatric Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Bahram Darbandi
- Pediatric Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roza Motavalli
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdolhassan Kazemi
- Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Jiang H, Tang W, Song Y, Jin W, Du Q. Induction of Apoptosis by Metabolites of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Da Huang): A Review of the Potential Mechanism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:806175. [PMID: 35308206 PMCID: PMC8924367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.806175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a global disease with a high mortality rate and limited treatment options. Alternations in apoptosis of tumor cells and immune cells have become an important method for detailing the underlying mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Bcl-2 family, Caspase family, Fas and other apoptosis-related proteins have also become antagonistic targets of HCC. Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, RR), a traditional Chinese herb, has recently demonstrated antitumor behaviors. Multiple active metabolites of RR, including emodin, rhein, physcion, aloe-emodin, gallic acid, and resveratrol, can successfully induce apoptosis and inhibit HCC. However, the underlying mechanisms of these metabolites inhibiting the occurrence and development of HCC by inducing apoptosis is complicated owing to the multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics of traditional Chinese herbs. Accordingly, this article reviews the pathways of apoptosis, the relationship between HCC and apoptosis, the role and mechanism of apoptosis induced by mitochondrial endoplasmic reticulum pathway and death receptor pathway in HCC and the mechanism of six RR metabolites inhibiting HCC by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wuyinuo Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Song
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanyu Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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12
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Mao T, Yang R, Luo Y, He K. Crucial role of T cells in NAFLD-related disease: A review and prospect. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1051076. [PMID: 36457551 PMCID: PMC9705593 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1051076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a series of hepatic manifestations, starting with liver steatosis and potentially evolving towards nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its incidence is increasing worldwide. Several factors including metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, lipotoxicity contribute to the liver inflammation. Several immune cell-mediated inflammatory processes are involved in NAFLD in which T cells play a crucial part in the progression of the disease. In this review, we focus on the role of different subsets of both conventional and unconventional T cells in pathogenesis of NAFLD. Factors regarding inflammation and potential therapeutic approaches targeting immune cells in NASH are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kang He, ; Yi Luo,
| | - Kang He
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kang He, ; Yi Luo,
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Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Prospects for the Cancer Therapy. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121355. [PMID: 34947886 PMCID: PMC8704694 DOI: 10.3390/life11121355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. HCC patients may benefit from liver transplantation, hepatic resection, radiofrequency ablation, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, and targeted therapies. The increased infiltration of immunosuppressive immune cells and the elevated expression of immunosuppressive factors in the HCC microenvironment are the main culprits of the immunosuppressive nature of the HCC milieu. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment can substantially attenuate antitumoral immune responses and facilitate the immune evasion of tumoral cells. Immunotherapy is an innovative treatment method that has been promising in treating HCC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell transfer (ACT), and cell-based (primarily dendritic cells) and non-cell-based vaccines are the most common immunotherapeutic approaches for HCC treatment. However, these therapeutic approaches have not generally induced robust antitumoral responses in clinical settings. To answer to this, growing evidence has characterized immune cell populations and delineated intercellular cross-talk using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies. This review aims to discuss the various types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and highlight their roles in HCC development. Besides, we discuss the recent advances in immunotherapeutic approaches for treating HCC, e.g., ICIs, dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines, non-cell-based vaccines, oncolytic viruses (OVs), and ACT. Finally, we discuss the potentiality of scRNA-seq to improve the response rate of HCC patients to immunotherapeutic approaches.
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ABL1 Is a Prognostic Marker and Associated with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:1379706. [PMID: 34484330 PMCID: PMC8413061 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1379706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The role of ABL1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the potential role of ABL1 in the progression of HCC using bioinformatics methods. Methods We analyzed the expression, prognostic potential, and immune cell effect of ABL1 in HCC by using a variety of datasets. Results ABL1 is highly expressed in HCC and associated with unfavorable overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Functional network analysis revealed that ABL1 plays an important role in mitochondrial activity, ATP metabolism, protein translation and metabolism, various neurological diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and notch signaling pathway. In addition, we found that ABL1 expression was closely correlated with B cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Furthermore, ABL1 expression was positively associated with the expression levels of immune checkpoint genes, such as PD-1L, TIM3, TIGIT, and CTLA4. Conclusion ABL1 is associated with immune infiltration and prognosis of HCC.
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Chen Y, Wang X, Deng X, Zhang Y, Liao R, Li Y, Yang H, Chen K. DNA Damage Repair Status Predicts Opposite Clinical Prognosis Immunotherapy and Non-Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676922. [PMID: 34335575 PMCID: PMC8320764 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) that activate tumor-specific immune responses bring new hope for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). However, there are still some problems, such as uncertain curative effects and low objective response rates, which limit the curative effect of immunotherapy. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to guide the use of ICIs in HCC based on molecular typing. We downloaded the The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver hepatocellular carcinoma(TCGA-LIHC) and Mongolian-LIHC cohort. Unsupervised clustering was applied to the highly variable data regarding expression of DNA damage repair(DDR). The CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the proportions of immune cells. The connectivity map(CMap) and pRRophetic algorithms were used to predict the drug sensitivity. There were significant differences in DDR molecular subclasses in HCC(DDR1 and DDR2), and DDR1 patients had low expression of DDR-related genes, while DDR2 patients had high expression of DDR-related genes. Of the patients who received traditional treatment, DDR2 patients had significantly worse overall survival(OS) than DDR1 patients. In contrast, of the patients who received ICIs, DDR2 patients had significantly prolonged OS compared with DDR1 patients. Of the patients who received traditional treatment, patients with high DDR scores had worse OS than those with low DDR scores. However, the survival of patients with high DDR scores after receiving ICIs was significantly higher than that of patients with low DDR scores. The DDR scores of patients in the DDR2 group were significantly higher than those of patients in the DDR1 group. The tumor microenvironment(TME) of DDR2 patients was highly infiltrated by activated immune cells, immune checkpoint molecules and proinflammatory molecules and antigen presentation-related molecules. In this study, HCC patients were divided into the DDR1 and DDR2 group. Moreover, DDR status may serve as a potential biomarker to predict opposite clinical prognosis immunotherapy and non-immunotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Chen
- The Third Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The Third Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Wang
- No. 2 Ward of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- No. 2 Ward of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofan Deng
- The Third Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The Third Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Third Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The Third Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Liao
- The Third Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The Third Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Youzan Li
- The Third Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The Third Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongji Yang
- The Third Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The Third Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Chen
- The Third Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The Third Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplant Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunosuppressive Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115801. [PMID: 34071550 PMCID: PMC8198390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer has the fourth highest mortality rate of all cancers worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most prevalent subtype. Despite great advances in systemic therapy, such as molecular-targeted agents, HCC has one of the worst prognoses due to drug resistance and frequent recurrence and metastasis. Recently, new therapeutic strategies such as cancer immunosuppressive therapy have prolonged patients' lives, and the combination of an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and VEGF inhibitor is now positioned as the first-line therapy for advanced HCC. Since the efficacy of ICIs depends on the tumor immune microenvironment, it is necessary to elucidate the immune environment of HCC to select appropriate ICIs. In this review, we summarize the findings on the immune microenvironment and immunosuppressive approaches focused on monoclonal antibodies against cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and programmed cell death protein 1 for HCC. We also describe ongoing treatment modalities, including adoptive cell transfer-based therapies and future areas of exploration based on recent literature. The results of pre-clinical studies using immunological classification and animal models will contribute to the development of biomarkers that predict the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy and aid in the selection of appropriate strategies for HCC treatment.
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Leone P, Solimando AG, Fasano R, Argentiero A, Malerba E, Buonavoglia A, Lupo LG, De Re V, Silvestris N, Racanelli V. The Evolving Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050532. [PMID: 34065489 PMCID: PMC8160723 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of most common cancers and the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Commonly, HCC development occurs in a liver that is severely compromised by chronic injury or inflammation. Liver transplantation, hepatic resection, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), and targeted therapies based on tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors are the most common treatments. The latter group have been used as the primary choice for a decade. However, tumor microenvironment in HCC is strongly immunosuppressive; thus, new treatment approaches for HCC remain necessary. The great expression of immune checkpoint molecules, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte activating gene 3 protein (LAG-3), and mucin domain molecule 3 (TIM-3), on tumor and immune cells and the high levels of immunosuppressive cytokines induce T cell inhibition and represent one of the major mechanisms of HCC immune escape. Recently, immunotherapy based on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as single agents or in combination with kinase inhibitors, anti-angiogenic drugs, chemotherapeutic agents, and locoregional therapies, offers great promise in the treatment of HCC. This review summarizes the recent clinical studies, as well as ongoing and upcoming trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Leone
- Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (A.G.S.); (R.F.); (E.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (A.G.S.); (R.F.); (E.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Rossella Fasano
- Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (A.G.S.); (R.F.); (E.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | | | - Eleonora Malerba
- Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (A.G.S.); (R.F.); (E.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, “L. and A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Buonavoglia
- Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (A.G.S.); (R.F.); (E.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Luigi Giovanni Lupo
- Department of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Valli De Re
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers—Bio-Proteomics Facility, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (A.G.S.); (R.F.); (E.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Unit of Internal Medicine “Guido Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (A.G.S.); (R.F.); (E.M.); (A.B.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-5478050
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Shi X, Li Q, Wang Y. Impact of regulatory T cells on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e23957. [PMID: 33545975 PMCID: PMC7837976 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis aimed to systematically review current available literature to assess the impact of regulatory T cells (Tregs) on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We will browse the online databases of PubMed and Cochrane Library. The summary hazard ratio (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) will be combined to present the value reported in the study. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis will provide useful guidance in treatment of HCC based on the reported evidences regarding the impact of Tregs on the prognosis of HCC. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER 10.17605/OSF.IO/3Q8PW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Shi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital & Yancheng First Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Qisong Li
- College of Medical Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, P.R. China
| | - Yungang Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital & Yancheng First Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
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Fu Y, Liu S, Zeng S, Shen H. From bench to bed: the tumor immune microenvironment and current immunotherapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:396. [PMID: 31500650 PMCID: PMC6734524 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks the most common primary liver malignancy and the third leading cause of tumor-related mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, despite advances in HCC treatment, less than 40% of HCC patients are eligible for potentially curative therapies. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising approaches for cancer treatment. It has been proven therapeutically effective in many types of solid tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma. As an inflammation-associated tumor, it's well-evidenced that the immunosuppressive microenvironment of HCC can promote immune tolerance and evasion by various mechanisms. Triggering more vigorous HCC-specific immune response represents a novel strategy for its management. Pre-clinical and clinical investigations have revealed that various immunotherapies might extend current options for needed HCC treatment. In this review, we provide the recent progress on HCC immunology from both basic and clinical perspectives, and discuss potential advances and challenges of immunotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojie Fu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Sengupta A, Keswani T, Sarkar S, Ghosh S, Mukherjee S, Bhattacharyya A. Autophagic induction modulates splenic plasmacytoid dendritic cell mediated immune response in cerebral malarial infection model. Microbes Infect 2019; 21:475-484. [PMID: 31185303 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Splenic plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) possess the capability to harbor live replicative Plasmodium parasite. Isolated splenic pDC from infected mice causes malaria when transferred to naïve mice. Incomplete autophagic degradation might cause poor antigen processing and poor immune response. Induction of autophagic flux by rapamycin treatment led to better prognosis by boosting pDC centered immune response against the pathogen. Splenic pDC from rapamycin-treated infected mice, caused less parasitemia in naïve mice. The downregulation of adhesion with unaltered phagocytic potential of the cells post autophagic induction restricted excessive parasite burden within them. Rapamycin-treated pDC played a better role in antigen presentation. They showed higher expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, DEC205, MHCI. Rapamycin-treated pDC induced CD28 expression on CD8+ T cells and suppressed FasL level. This cells also influenced differentiation of effector, memory T cell population. The increase in IL10: TNFα ratio, Treg: Th17 ratio and lowering of myeloid DC: plasmacytoid DC ratio was observed. It shifted the overaggressive inflammation mediated Th1 pathway that is reported to incur host damage, to a better well-balanced cytokine profile exhibiting Th2 pathway. Autophagic flux induction within pDC proved to be beneficial in combating malarial pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Sengupta
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| | - Tarun Keswani
- Basic and Clinical Immunology of Parasitic Diseases, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre of Infection and Immunity Lille, F-59000 Lille, France, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France.
| | - Samrat Sarkar
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| | - Soubhik Ghosh
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| | - Saikat Mukherjee
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| | - Arindam Bhattacharyya
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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Yan K, Fu Y, Zhu N, Wang Z, Hong JL, Li Y, Li WJ, Zhang HB, Song JH. Repression of lncRNA NEAT1 enhances the antitumor activity of CD8 +T cells against hepatocellular carcinoma via regulating miR-155/Tim-3. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 110:1-8. [PMID: 30710754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy is a promising method for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in which CD8+T cells play a key role. The influence of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear-enriched autosomal transcript 1(NEAT1) on the antitumor activity of CD8+T cells was clarified in this study. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from HCC patients, and the expressions of NEAT1 and Tim-3 were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. CD8+T cell apoptosis and cell percentage were analyzed via flow cytometry. The cytolysis activity of CD8+T cells against HCC cells was examined. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assay were performed to explore the interaction between NEAT1 and miR-155. RESULTS NEAT1 and Tim-3 were up-regulated in the PBMCs of patients with HCC (n = 20) compared with healthy subjects (n = 20). Down-regulation of NEAT1 restrained CD8+T cell apoptosis and enhanced the cytolysis activity, while interference of miR-155 showed the opposite effects by up-regulating Tim-3. Binding and interaction between NEAT1 and miR-155 were validated in CD8+T cells. Down-regulation of NEAT1 restrained CD8+T cell apoptosis and enhanced the cytolysis activity through the miR-155/Tim-3 pathway. Repression of NEAT1 suppressed tumor growth in HCC mice. CONCLUSION Via modulating the miR-155/Tim-3 pathway, repression of NEAT1 restrained CD8+T cell apoptosis and enhanced the cytolysis activity against HCC, implying an effective target for improving the outcome of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yan
- Fifth Department of Liver Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Fifth Department of Liver Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Nan Zhu
- Fifth Department of Liver Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Fifth Department of Liver Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jin-Ling Hong
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Putuo District Central Hospital, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei-Jing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hai-Bin Zhang
- Fifth Department of Liver Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Jing-Hai Song
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China.
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Xu B, Li M, Yu Y, He J, Hu S, Pan M, Lu S, Liao K, Pan Z, Zhou Y, Zhu J. Effects of harmaline on cell growth of human liver cancer through the p53/p21 and Fas/FasL signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1931-1936. [PMID: 29434892 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of harmaline on the viability and apoptosis of human liver carcinoma were investigated in vitro. HepG2 cells were treated with harmaline (0-10 µM), and the proliferation and apoptosis of HepG2 cells were investigated using an MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The protein expression of cellular tumor antigen p53 (p53), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (Fas), Fas ligand (FasL) and caspase-8 was subsequently measured using western blotting. In addition, an ELISA was used to analyze caspase-8/3 activity. Harmaline significantly increased p53, p21, Fas and FasL protein expression in HepG2 cells. Additionally, treatment with harmaline significantly increased the expression of caspase-8 and caspase-8/3 activity. The results from the present study suggest that harmaline suppresses the viability, but induces the apoptosis, of human liver carcinoma cells through upregulation of the p53/p21 and Fas/FasL signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Minpeng Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Siqin Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Shifeng Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Ke Liao
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Zhuang Pan
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Yanxun Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Jiye Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
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Kurmyshkina OV, Kovchur PI, Schegoleva LV, Volkova TO. T- and NK-cell populations with regulatory phenotype and markers of apoptosis in circulating lymphocytes of patients with CIN3 or microcarcinoma of the cervix: evidence for potential mechanisms of immune suppression. Infect Agent Cancer 2017; 12:56. [PMID: 29075318 PMCID: PMC5646147 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Processes and mechanisms responsible for systemic immune suppression in early-stage cervical cancer remain substantially underinvestigated. In this work, we focused on studying the frequencies of circulating regulatory T (CD4 and CD8 Tregs) and NK (NKregs) cells in parallel with assessment of apoptotic markers expression in T cells from patients with preinvasive and microinvasive cervical cancer, with the aim to determine whether up-regulation of apoptosis-associated markers in Т lymphocytes accompanies cervical cancer development and correlates with the change in percentages of regulatory cell populations at systemic level during the initial stages of invasive cervical cancer progression. METHODS Fourty two women with histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3, including carcinoma in situ) or cervical cancer (stage IA) and 30 healthy women (control) were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood samples were taken immediately before surgery or any treatment and immediately subjected to multicolor flow cytometry. RESULTS Analysis of a combination of CD4/CD8, CD25, CD127, and FoxP3 markers revealed a statistically significant increase in the frequencies of Tregs within both the CD4 and CD8 subsets of circulating lymphocytes in patients with CIN3 and stage IA cancer. In contrast, lower numbers of NKregs (defined as CD16dim/negCD56bright subpopulation) and increased CD56dim/CD56bright NK ratio were found in patients compared to controls, with the percentage of CD16brightCD56dim cells (major subtype of circulating NKs) showing no difference. Patients also exhibited an increased expression of CD95 in total peripheral blood T lymphocytes, along with increased level of Annexin V binding to CD95-positive cells, suggesting higher susceptibility of T cells to apoptosis and potential involvement of CD95-dependent pathway in early-stage cervical cancer. Differential analysis of CD4 and CD8 T cells revealed different trends in the change of CD95 expression, confirming that this change likely has different functional significance for these two subsets. A search for correlations between the phenotypic parameters analyzed in this study was performed to demonstrate that women with early neoplastic lesions of the cervix, such as carcinoma in situ and microinvasive carcinoma, displayed a coordinated increase in expression of Treg markers in circulating lymphocytes, along with more pronounced cross-relationships between Treg numbers, CD95 expression on T cells, and apoptosis, compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that a diversity of immune regulatory mechanisms that provide support for initial stages of invasive growth in cervical cancer patients includes systemic changes in the ratios between the principal regulatory and effector lymphocyte populations both within adaptive and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Kurmyshkina
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Innate Immunity, Institute of High-Tech Biomedicine, Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel I Kovchur
- Department of Hospital Surgery, ENT Diseases, Ophthalmology, Dentistry, Oncology, Urology, Institute of Medicine, Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ludmila V Schegoleva
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Cybernetics, Institute of Mathematics and Information Technologies, Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana O Volkova
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Immunology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Institute of Medicine, Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation.,Institute of High-Tech Biomedicine, Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation
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Sun L, Xu G, Liao W, Yang H, Xu H, Du S, Zhao H, Lu X, Sang X, Mao Y. Clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of regulatory T cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:39658-39672. [PMID: 28487498 PMCID: PMC5503641 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to resolve this issue. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and the Web of Science were searched to identify eligible studies performed up to November 2016. A total of 3,854 HCC patients from 27 cohort studies were included. The meta-analysis revealed that high levels of Tregs were associated with poor overall survival (OS; HR = 1.95, P < 0.00001) and disease-free survival (DFS; HR = 1.82, P < 0.00001). However, the prognostic effect varied greatly according to the site of the Tregs. Higher intratumoral and peripheral blood levels of Tregs were associated with shorter OS and DFS, whereas a high peritumoral Tregs level was not associated with decreased OS and DFS. Trial design, therapy and method of detection had no effect on prognosis of Tregs. Moreover, the patients with high Tregs infiltration had multiple tumors, high AFP level, poor differentiation, later TNM stage, and vascular invasion. The present study demonstrates that high levels of intratumoral and peripheral blood Tregs predict multiple tumors, high AFP level, poor differentiation, later TNM stage, and vascular invasion and might be a promising prognostic factor in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejia Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenjun Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shunda Du
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
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Plasma Level of Interleukin-35 as an Independent Prognostic Indicator in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:3513-3521. [PMID: 27699510 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major type of liver cancer with poor prognosis. AIM The aim of the study was to determine the prognostic significance of plasma interleukin-35 level in hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS A total of 153 hepatocellular carcinoma patients and 153 healthy controls were enrolled. Blood samples were obtained at admission. Plasma interleukin-35 level was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Distribution of T cell subset and expression of Fas/FasL protein were detected by flow cytometry. The patients were followed up for 2 years. Poor prognosis was defined as death of hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS The plasma levels of interleukin-35 were significantly higher in the patients than the controls (25.1 ± 13.1, 9.3 ± 6.3 pg/mL, P < 0.001). After adjusted for multiple confounding factors, the multivariate logistic regression analyses reported that high level of interleukin-35 (≥25.0 pg/mL) was associated with the poor prognosis in the patients (OR 6.63, 95 % CI 3.27-13.47). Compared with the patients with low level of interleukin-35 (<25.0 pg/mL), the patients with high level of interleukin-35 showed higher frequencies of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and CD3+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001) and also showed higher apoptosis levels of CD8+ T cells (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Circulating interleukin-35 concentration might be an independent prognostic indicator in hepatocellular carcinoma. Such prognostic significance could be partly involved in the activation of regulatory T cell and the apoptosis of CD8+ T cell.
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Correlation and Significance of Urinary Soluble Fas and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Bladder Urothelial Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:383509. [PMID: 26798188 PMCID: PMC4698549 DOI: 10.1155/2015/383509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the correlation and significance between the urine soluble Fas (sFas) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in patients with urothelial bladder carcinoma (UC). METHODS The level of sFas was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the expression of VEGF protein in UC surgical specimens was screened by immunohistochemical method. These data were analyzed through SPSS 13.0 software. RESULTS The urinary sFas levels were significantly higher in the patients with UC than in those without cancer (168.0 ng/mL ± 84.6 versus 56.2 ng/mL ± 37.0; P < 0.05) and in the cases with a higher stage or grade than in those with a lower stage or grade (each P < 0.05). They had a positive relationship between the expression of VEGF protein and the pathological stage or grade in UC tissues (each P < 0.05). Spearman rank correlation test showed a significant correlation between sFas levels and VEGF expressions (R = 0.882, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The effects of sFas and VEGF may play important roles together in the occurrence and progression of UC. Joint detection of urine sFas plus VEGF protein may provide valuable solutions to improve the diagnosis and treatment of UC.
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Pang L, Zhao X, Liu W, Deng J, Tan X, Qiu L. Anticancer Effect of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma HSC-3 Cells through the Caspases. Nutrients 2015; 7:3200-18. [PMID: 25951128 PMCID: PMC4446747 DOI: 10.3390/nu7053200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bear bile was used as a traditional medicine or tonic in East Asia, and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the most important compound in bear bile. Further, synthetic UDCA is also used in modern medicine and nutrition; therefore, its further functional effects warrant research, in vitro methods could be used for the fundamental research of its anticancer effects. In this study, the apoptotic effects of UDCA in human oral squamous carcinoma HSC-3 cells through the activation of caspases were observed by the experimental methods of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) assay, DAPI (4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining, flow cytometry analysis, RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) assay and Western blot assay after HSC-3 cells were treated by different concentrations of UDCA. With 0 to 400 μg/mL UDCA treatment, UDCA had strong growth inhibitory effects in HSC-3 cells, but had almost no effect in HOK normal oral cells. At concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 μg/mL, UDCA could induce apoptosis compared to untreated control HSC-3 cells. Treatment of 400 μg/mL UDCA could induce more apoptotic cancer cells than 100 and 200 μg/mL treatment; the sub-G1 DNA content of 400 μg/mL UDCA treated cancer cells was 41.3% versus 10.6% (100 μg/mL) and 22.4% (200 μg/mL). After different concentrations of UDCA treatment, the mRNA and protein expressions of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Bax, Fas/FasL (Fas ligand), TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), DR4 (death receptor 4) and DR5 (death receptor 5) were increased in HSC-3 cells, and mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), Bcl-xL (B-cell lymphoma-extra large), XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein), cIAP-1 (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1), cIAP-2 (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 2) and survival were decreased. Meanwhile, at the highest concentration of 400 μg/mL, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Bax, Fas/FasL, TRAIL, DR4, DR5, and IκB-α expression levels were the highest, and Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, XIAP, cIAP-1, cIAP-2, survival, and NF-κB expression levels were the lowest. These results proved that UDCA could induce apoptosis of HSC-3 cancer cells through caspase activation, and the higher concentration of UDCA had stronger effects in vitro. UDCA might be a good nutrient for oral cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Pang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Institute of Functional Ecological Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Weiwei Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jiang Deng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Xiaotong Tan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
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Wang X, Zhang L, Jiang Z. T-helper cell-mediated factors in drug-induced liver injury. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:695-700. [PMID: 25752261 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) leads to a large burden on the healthcare system due to its potential morbidity and mortality. The key for predicting and preventing DILI is to understand the underlying mechanisms. Hepatic inflammation is one of the most common features of DILI. The inflammation can be attributed to the innate immune response. The adaptive immune system is also affected by the innate immune response resulting in liver damage. T-helper cells are important regulators of acquired immunity. T-helper cell-mediated immune responses play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of a variety of liver disorders. This review summarizes recent advances in the T-helper cell-mediated factors in DILI and potential mechanisms, which may lead to a better understanding of DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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