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Mon HM, Robb KA, Demou E. Effectiveness of workplace cancer screening interventions: a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:999. [PMID: 39134945 PMCID: PMC11321184 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer cases are rising globally, with a noticeable rise in younger adults. Screening and early detection are effective in decreasing mortality. Workplaces can play a role in promoting cancer screening uptake. This systematic review investigated the effectiveness of workplace breast, lung, colorectal, and cervical cancer screening interventions, and the factors impacting their effectiveness. METHODOLOGY Six databases (Embase, Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus) were searched, and cancer screening promotion and cancer screening uptake was analysed using effect direction plots. Magnitude of effectiveness (i.e., change in knowledge or screening rate) was also evaluated. RESULTS In total, 13,426 articles were identified. After screening and applying the eligibility criteria, 21 articles were included in the analysis. A positive effect direction was seen for all workplace cancer screening promotion interventions. Magnitude of effectiveness for cancer screening promotion interventions resulted in a > 30% change in knowledge or screening uptake in 4/7 of breast cancer, in 3/4 of cervical cancer and 1/3 colorectal cancer screening promotion interventions. For workplace cancer screening uptake interventions, a positive effect direction was observed for the majority (18/22). Cancer screening uptake interventions showed a > 30% change in magnitude of screening rate in 4/7 breast cancer, 5/10 colorectal cancer and in 1/5 cervical cancer workplace interventions. No studies for lung cancer were eligible. Factors positively influencing effectiveness included an interest in health and previous healthcare use, while fear of cancer and embarrassment of screening negatively influenced effectiveness. CONCLUSION Workplace cancer screening promotion and uptake interventions can effectively improve cancer screening knowledge and increase uptake of screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu Myat Mon
- College of Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, Scotland
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Khwaeng Pathum Wan, Khet Pathum Wan, Krung Thep Maha Nakhon, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kathryn A Robb
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Evangelia Demou
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, Scotland.
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Mahboobighazaani F, Karimi M, Azadbakht M, Ghahremani L. The effectiveness of educational intervention based on the Health Action Model (HAM) in improving breast cancer screening behaviors. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:21. [PMID: 38172783 PMCID: PMC10765812 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer disease is known as the most common cancer among women. Lack of knowledge and awareness is a leading cause of breast cancer, and since nearly all women are increasingly susceptible to this disease, training screening behaviors for early detection is proven essential in order to reduce breast cancer mortality. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the Health Action Model in improving breast cancer screening behaviors in women aged 30 to 69 in Kashan, Iran. METHODS This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 162 women aged 30-69 years old among the clients of Comprehensive health service centers in Kashan, Iran and they were assigned to intervention and control groups. The research instrument included a questionnaire assessed within three phases: baseline, 3-months, and 6-months, containing Health Action Model (HAM) structures and also three screening behaviors. The intervention consisted of a model-based education package and was carried out over 2 months. To evaluate the effect of the intervention, the mean of model structures and proportion screening behaviors in the third and sixth months were compared with the baseline phase. All analyses were carried out using SPSS, version 22. RESULTS The intervention and control groups were homogeneous regarding the structures of the HAM and the proportion of screening behaviors in the baseline phase (p > 0.05). In the 3-month (p < 0.05) and 6-month (p < 0.05) phases, the mean scores of the HAM constructs in the intervention group were found higher compared with the control group. Moreover, the proportion of clinical breast examinations in the intervention group was statistically higher than in the control group in the 3-month (p < 0.001) and 6-month (p < 0.001) phases. In addition, the proportion of mammography performed in the 3-month (p = 0.002) and 6-month (p < 0.001) phases were reported to be higher in the intervention group compared with the control group. CONCLUSION Overall, these results provide important insight into the effectiveness of the interventions based on the Health Action Model in promoting breast cancer screening behaviors and the determinants of such behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Mahboobighazaani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Ave, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Karimi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Ave, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Leila Ghahremani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Ave, Shiraz, Iran.
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Noman S, Shahar HK, Rahman HA, Ismail S, Aljaberi MA, Abdulrahman MN. Factor structure and internal reliability of breast cancer screening Champion's Health Belief Model Scale in Yemeni women in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:437. [PMID: 34965865 PMCID: PMC8715606 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reliability and validity of the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) used in assessing the belief of women regarding breast cancer (BC) and breast cancer screening (BCS) have been examined on various populations. However, the use of this tool has not been adequately assessed for its validity in ethnic minorities. This study assessed the validity and reliability of CHBMS by analyzing the factor structure and internal reliability of the factors among Yemeni women in Malaysia. METHODS A survey was conducted among 103 female teachers from 10 schools. SPSS version 22.0 was utilized in analyzing the data. Descriptive statistics were computed for the socio-demographic characteristics. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used in assessing the internal reliability. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to analyze the factor structure of the translated items. Parallel analysis was performed to determine the number of factors accurately. RESULTS The alpha coefficients of the factors had acceptable values ranging between 0.76 and 0.87. The factor analysis yielded six and five factors for breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography (MMG), with a total explained variance of 47.69% and 52.63%, respectively. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index values of 0.64 and 0.72, and the Bartlett's Test of Sphericity (P = 0.0001) for BSE and MMG, respectively, verified the normality distribution and the adequacy of the sample size for EFA. All the items on each factor were from the same construct that were consistent with the number of factors obtained in the scale development study. The items achieved adequate factor loadings that ranged between 0.47 and 0.88. CONCLUSIONS The translated version of the CHBMS is a validated scale used in assessing the beliefs related to BC and BCS among Yemeni women living in Malaysia. Healthcare workers could use the scales to assess women's beliefs on BC and BCS. This instrument could be used to test the effectiveness of the intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Noman
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen.
| | - Hayati Kadir Shahar
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute of Ageing (MyAgeing), 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hejar Abdul Rahman
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Suriani Ismail
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Musheer A Aljaberi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
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Ruco A, Dossa F, Tinmouth J, Llovet D, Jacobson J, Kishibe T, Baxter N. Social Media and mHealth Technology for Cancer Screening: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e26759. [PMID: 34328423 PMCID: PMC8367160 DOI: 10.2196/26759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a leading cause of death, and although screening can reduce cancer morbidity and mortality, participation in screening remains suboptimal. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of social media and mobile health (mHealth) interventions for cancer screening. METHODS We searched for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies of social media and mHealth interventions promoting cancer screening (breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers) in adults in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Communication & Mass Media Complete from January 1, 2000, to July 17, 2020. Two independent reviewers screened the titles, abstracts, and full-text articles and completed the risk of bias assessments. We pooled odds ratios for screening participation using the Mantel-Haenszel method in a random-effects model. RESULTS We screened 18,008 records identifying 39 studies (35 mHealth and 4 social media). The types of interventions included peer support (n=1), education or awareness (n=6), reminders (n=13), or mixed (n=19). The overall pooled odds ratio was 1.49 (95% CI 1.31-1.70), with similar effect sizes across cancer types. CONCLUSIONS Screening programs should consider mHealth interventions because of their promising role in promoting cancer screening participation. Given the limited number of studies identified, further research is needed for social media interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42019139615; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=139615. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035411.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlinda Ruco
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fahima Dossa
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jill Tinmouth
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Prevention & Cancer Control, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Diego Llovet
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Prevention & Cancer Control, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jenna Jacobson
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ted Rogers School of Management, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Teruko Kishibe
- Library Services, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy Baxter
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Bashirian S, Barati M, Mohammadi Y, MoaddabShoar L, Dogonchi M. Evaluation of an Intervention Program for Promoting Breast Self-Examination Behavior in Employed Women in Iran. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021; 15:1178223421989657. [PMID: 33716505 PMCID: PMC7917430 DOI: 10.1177/1178223421989657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the world. Screening is the basis for early detection. However, the mortality rate is still high in Iranian women related to not screening and timely check-ups. We offered a theory-based intervention program to improve breast cancer screening behavior in women. Methods: This interventional study was conducted in 135 employed women in 2019. Their screening behavior was investigated using a questionnaire based on the Protection Motivation and Social Support Theories. We compared the efficacy of 2 educational interventions (a workshop and an E-learning program) between 2 intervention groups and a control group. The results were collected 3 months after the interventions had taken place. Data were analyzed in SPSS 23 using descriptive statistics, chi-square, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the paired sample t-test. Results: We found a significant difference between the mean score of knowledge and the theoretical constructs (P value < .001) before and after the interventions. Our results also showed that both the intervention methods had a similar effect and that there was a significant difference in the performance of breast self-examinations between the intervention and control groups after the intervention (P value < .001). Conclusion: Given the cost-effectiveness and feasibility of implementing an E-learning program, we would recommend that health care planners assist in designing and implementing this effective form of intervention to encourage many more women to perform self-examinations to aid breast cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Bashirian
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Majid Barati
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Younes Mohammadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leila MoaddabShoar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mitra Dogonchi
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, School of Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.,School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Heydari E, Dehdari T, Solhi M. Can adopting skin cancer preventive behaviors among seafarers be increased via a theory-based mobile phone-based text message intervention? A randomized clinical trial. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:134. [PMID: 33446158 PMCID: PMC7807693 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main occupational hazards for seafarers is the long exposure to sunlight. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of a mobile phone-based text message intervention in adopting skin cancer preventive behaviors among a sample of seafarers in Genaveh port located in Bushehr province, Iran. METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, 136 seafarers were randomly selected and assigned to the intervention (n = 68) or a control groups (n = 68). As a theoretical basis, we followed the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) variables to develop the text messages. The data related to PMT variables and skin cancer preventive behaviors were collected through a questionnaire. Forty-five text messages were designed, pre-tested and sent to the seafarers' phones in the intervention group in 45 days. Both groups were followed up 1 month after the intervention. Data collected in the two stages were analyzed using paired-samples t-test, ANCOVA, and Chi-square tests. RESULTS Following the intervention, the mean scores of adopting skin cancer preventive behaviors (p = 0.001), perceived self-efficacy (p = 0.01), protection motivation (p = 0.02), and fear (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group. There was significant reduction in the response costs (p = 0.05) and perceived rewards (p = 0.01) scores in the intervention group compared with the control group after the intervention. However, there were no significant differences in the perceived vulnerability (p = 0.14), perceived severity (p = 0.09), and response efficacy (p = 0.64) between the two groups after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study indicated the effectiveness of mobile phone-based text message intervention for increasing skin cancer preventive behaviors in Iranian seafarers. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry for Clinical Trial (the link to trial: https://www.irct.ir/trial/7572 ). Registered 16 July, 2016. Prospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Heydari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Dehdari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Solhi
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
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Noman S, Shahar HK, Abdul Rahman H, Ismail S, Abdulwahid Al-Jaberi M, Azzani M. The Effectiveness of Educational Interventions on Breast Cancer Screening Uptake, Knowledge, and Beliefs among Women: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010263. [PMID: 33396424 PMCID: PMC7795851 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There have been various systematic reviews on the significance of educational interventions as necessary components to encourage breast cancer screening (BCS) and reduce the burden of breast cancer (BC). However, only a few studies have attempted to examine these educational interventions comprehensively. This review paper aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of various educational interventions in improving BCS uptake, knowledge, and beliefs among women in different parts of the world. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search on four electronic databases, specifically PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, was performed in May 2019. A total of 22 interventional studies were reviewed. Theory- and language-based multiple intervention strategies, which were mainly performed in community and healthcare settings, were the commonly shared characteristics of the educational interventions. Most of these studies on the effectiveness of interventions showed favorable outcomes in terms of the BCS uptake, knowledge, and beliefs among women. Educational interventions potentially increase BCS among women. The interpretation of the reported findings should be treated with caution due to the heterogeneity of the studies in terms of the characteristics of the participants, research designs, intervention strategies, and outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Noman
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.N.); (H.A.R.); (S.I.); (M.A.A.-J.)
| | - Hayati Kadir Shahar
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.N.); (H.A.R.); (S.I.); (M.A.A.-J.)
- Malaysian Research Institute of Ageing (MyAgeing), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Hejar Abdul Rahman
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.N.); (H.A.R.); (S.I.); (M.A.A.-J.)
| | - Suriani Ismail
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.N.); (H.A.R.); (S.I.); (M.A.A.-J.)
| | - Musheer Abdulwahid Al-Jaberi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.N.); (H.A.R.); (S.I.); (M.A.A.-J.)
| | - Meram Azzani
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Saujana Putra Campus, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia;
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Joghtaei Z, Peyman N, Noori R, Esmaily H, Moradi M. Effect of Education Based on Health Belief Model by Using Virtual Social Network Messenger on Promoting Pediculosis Preventive Behaviors among School Girls. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/jech.7.4.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Noman S, Shahar HK, Abdul Rahman H, Ismail S. Effectiveness of An Educational Intervention of Breast Cancer Screening Practices Uptake, Knowledge, and Beliefs among Yemeni Female School Teachers in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Study Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041167. [PMID: 32059587 PMCID: PMC7068409 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer spread among women worldwide. Whereas many studies have discussed the significance of breast cancer screening among women in various countries, few have attempted to discuss this topic among female school teachers. As teachers educate and communicate with students, this may play an essential role in health education and in promoting healthy behavior, such as breast cancer screening. The primary goal of this study is to develop and implement an educational intervention of breast cancer screening and evaluate its effectiveness among Yemeni female school teachers in Malaysia. This was carried out as per the health belief model. A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted among 183 Yemeni female school teachers in twelve schools in Klang Valley, Malaysia. A random assignment of the target schools was made to include them within the intervention or control group. Participants in the intervention group were offered a 90-min session for one-day educational intervention on breast cancer screening. On the other hand, participants in the control group were offered the same educational materials at the end of the study. Relevant data was collected at baseline, one month following the intervention, and then three- and six-months follow-up assessments. Analysis of such data was done via IBM SPSS software 25.0 by generalized estimating equations (GEE) to assess the differential changes over time. A primary outcome embodied in breast cancer screening practice uptake was expected. Secondary outcomes include the target group’s knowledge on and beliefs of breast cancer screening. This study intends to contribute to the credibility and effectiveness of utilizing a theory-based breast cancer screening intervention in order to raise the awareness of women on conducting breast cancer screening.
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Alameer A, Mahfouz MS, Alamir Y, Ali N, Darraj A. Effect of Health Education on Female Teachers' Knowledge and Practices Regarding Early Breast Cancer Detection and Screening in the Jazan Area: a Quasi-Experimental Study. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2019; 34:865-870. [PMID: 29951902 PMCID: PMC6785574 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-018-1386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Educational programs are important tools for breast cancer prevention. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of health education in improving the knowledge and practices of female teachers regarding screening tools and the early detection of breast cancer. A two-group quasi-experimental design was conducted among 150 female teachers, who were selected from 75 schools of the Jazan General Administration of Education. Schools were chosen by a simple cluster randomization method and non-randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Eligible participants were recruited by a simple randomization method, proportional to the total number of teachers at each school. Those in the intervention group (n = 75) were compared to the control group (n = 75) at baseline, as well as at 6 weeks and 3 months post-intervention. Knowledge of breast cancer screening tools was measured using a modified version of the Breast Cancer Knowledge test. Breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, and mammography practices were also measured. Compared to the control group, the intervention group showed a statistically significant increase in knowledge and practice levels at both 6 weeks and 3 months post-intervention. Thus, the results of this study provide evidence that group health education programs are effective in improving breast cancer knowledge and practices in female teachers. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT03398057 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Alameer
- Jazan Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1121, Abu Arish 45911, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Salih Mahfouz
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Alamir
- Health Education and Promotion Department, Faculty of Public health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasir Ali
- Health Education and Promotion Department, Faculty of Public health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Darraj
- Jazan Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1121, Abu Arish 45911, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Saei Ghare Naz M, Simbar M, Rashidi Fakari F, Ghasemi V. Effects of Model-Based Interventions on Breast Cancer Screening Behavior of Women: a Systematic Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2031-2041. [PMID: 30139040 PMCID: PMC6171373 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.8.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a great concern for women’s health; early detection can play a key role in reducing associated morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to systematically assess the effectiveness of model-based interventions for breast cancer screening behavior of women. Methods: We searched Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane library and Google scholar search engines for systematic reviews, clinical trials, pre- and post-test or quasi-experimental studies (with limits to publication dates from 2000-2017), Keywords were: breast cancer, screening, systematic review, trials, and health model. In this review, qualitative analysis was used to assess the heterogeneity of data. Results: Thirty six articles with 17,770 female participants were included in this review. The Health belief model was used in twenty three articles as the basis for intervention. Two articles used both the Health belief model and the Health Promotion Model, 5 articles used Health belief model and The Trans theoretical Model, 2 used Hthe ealth belief model and Theory planned behavior, 2 used the Health belief model and the Trans theoretical Model, 2 used the Trans theoretical Model, 1 used social cognitive theory, and 1 used Systematic Comprehensive Health Education and Promotion Model. The results showed that model-based educational interventions are more effective for BSE and CBE and mammography screening behavior of women compare to no model based intervention. The Health belief model was the most popular model for promoting breast cancer screening behavior. Conclusions: Educational model-based interventions promote self-care and create a foundation for improving breast cancer screening behavior of women and increase policy makers’ awareness and efforts towards its enhancement breast cancer screening behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Student Research committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khademolhosseini F, Noroozi A, Tahmasebi R. The Effect of Health Belief Model-Based Education through Telegram Instant Messaging Services on Pap smear performance. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2221-2226. [PMID: 28843259 PMCID: PMC5697484 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.8.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pap smear is an effective screening method for early detection of cervical cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effect of education based on Health Belief Model (HBM) through Telegram instant messaging services on the Pap smear test. Material and methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study which was performed on 106 eligible women (48 participants in the intervention group and 47 participants in the control group). The patients in both groups completed the written consent form and questionnaires at the beginning of the study. In intervention group, the educational content based on HBM was regularly sent via Telegram during one month. After education and three months later, both groups completed questionnaires. Then, the data was analyzed with using SPSS version 22. Results: The findings showed that the two groups at first were similar in demographic characteristics. In the intervention group, the mean difference of the scores before and immediate post training on the knowledge and all of the constructs were significant (P<0.001). Also, the mean difference of the scores before and three months after training on knowledge and all of the constructs (except for perceived barriers) has increased and about the perceived barriers this difference has decreased significantly compared to the score before the training. In the control group, changes in knowledge and other constructs were not significant in during the study. Within the three months after the training, 23 participants (47.9%) in the intervention group, and 4 participants (5.8%) in the control group performed Pap smear which indicates a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Conclusion: With regard to the individuals’ access to mobile phone, content posted by Telegram on the HBM-based education affects the women’s belief and behavior regarding Pap smear test.
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VanDyke SD, Shell MD. Health Beliefs and Breast Cancer Screening in Rural Appalachia: An Evaluation of the Health Belief Model. J Rural Health 2016; 33:350-360. [DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santana D. VanDyke
- School of Medicine; The University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Madelynn D. Shell
- Department of Social Sciences; The University of Virginia's College at Wise; Wise Virginia
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