1
|
Sweeney MR, Nichols HB, Jones RR, Olshan AF, Keil AP, Engel LS, James P, Jackson CL, Sandler DP, White AJ. Light at night and the risk of breast cancer: Findings from the Sister study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107495. [PMID: 36084405 PMCID: PMC9561075 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light at night (LAN) may alter estrogen regulation through circadian disruption. High levels of outdoor LAN may increase breast cancer risk, but studies have largely not considered possible residual confounding from correlated environmental exposures. We evaluated the association between indoor and outdoor LAN and incident breast cancer. METHODS In 47,145 participants in the prospective Sister Study cohort living in the contiguous U.S., exposure to outdoor LAN was determined using satellite-measured residential data and indoor LAN was self-reported (light/TV on, light from outside the room, nightlight, no light). We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between outdoor and indoor LAN and breast cancer risk. Models were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, annual household income, neighborhood disadvantage, latitude, and population density as a proxy for urbanicity. To evaluate the potential for residual confounding of the outdoor LAN and breast cancer relationship by factors associated with urbanicity, we considered further adjustment for exposures correlated with outdoor LAN including NO2 [Spearman correlation coefficient, rho (ρ) = 0.78], PM2.5 (ρ = 0.36), green space (ρ = - 0.41), and noise (ρ = 0.81). RESULTS During 11 years of follow-up, 3,734 breast cancer cases were identified. Outdoor LAN was modestly, but non-monotonically, associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (Quintile 4 vs 1: HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.99-1.22; Quintile 5 vs 1: HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.93-1.16); however, no association was evident after adjustment for correlated ambient exposures (Quintile 4 vs 1: HR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.86-1.14; Quintile 5 vs 1: HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.74-1.06). Compared to those with no indoor LAN exposure, sleeping with a light or TV on was associated with a HR = 1.09 (95% CI: 0.97-1.23) in the adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS Outdoor LAN does not appear to increase the risk of breast cancer after adjustment for correlated environmental exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina R Sweeney
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hazel B Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexander P Keil
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chandra L Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Muscogiuri G, Poggiogalle E, Barrea L, Tarsitano MG, Garifalos F, Liccardi A, Pugliese G, Savastano S, Colao A. Exposure to artificial light at night: A common link for obesity and cancer? Eur J Cancer 2022; 173:263-275. [PMID: 35940056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) has been associated with disruption of the circadian system, which has been pointed out to have detrimental effects on health. Exposure to outdoor ALAN is very frequent in industrialised countries due to nocturnal light pollution and the relevant involvement of the total workforce in shift work and night work. Ecological and epidemiologic studies highlight the association between exposure to ALAN and several diseases, mainly obesity and cancer. More recently, also indoor ALAN exposure has been investigated. Among several multifactorial mechanisms linking ALAN exposure and health risks, suppression of melatonin secretion plays a pivotal role leading to alterations in circadian rhythm patterns, that are detrimental in terms of appetite regulation, and dysfunctions in metabolic signalling and cell growth in cancer. In addition, gut dysbiosis, inflammation, hypovitaminosis D, imbalance in cytokine secretion and levels are responsible for the multiple relationship linking circadian dysregulation due to ALAN exposure and obesity, and cancer. Therefore, the current manuscript summarises human and basic studies pointing out the impact of ALAN exposure on health, mostly focusing on obesity and cancer. Based on extant evidence, prevention strategies for obesity and cancer should be prompted, targeting exposure to ALAN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy; Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Poggiogalle
- Department of Experimental Medicine - Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria G Tarsitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine - Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Garifalos
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Liccardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy; Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Patel SA, Kondratov RV. Clock at the Core of Cancer Development. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:150. [PMID: 33672910 PMCID: PMC7918730 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To synchronize various biological processes with the day and night cycle, most organisms have developed circadian clocks. This evolutionarily conserved system is important in the temporal regulation of behavior, physiology and metabolism. Multiple pathological changes associated with circadian disruption support the importance of the clocks in mammals. Emerging links have revealed interplay between circadian clocks and signaling networks in cancer. Understanding the cross-talk between the circadian clock and tumorigenesis is imperative for its prevention, management and development of effective treatment options. In this review, we summarize the role of the circadian clock in regulation of one important metabolic pathway, insulin/IGF1/PI3K/mTOR signaling, and how dysregulation of this metabolic pathway could lead to uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation and growth. Targeting the circadian clock and rhythms either with recently discovered pharmaceutical agents or through environmental cues is a new direction in cancer chronotherapy. Combining the circadian approach with traditional methods, such as radiation, chemotherapy or the recently developed, immunotherapy, may improve tumor response, while simultaneously minimizing the adverse effects commonly associated with cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonal A. Patel
- Fusion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Hamilton, ON L8P 0A6, Canada;
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Roman V. Kondratov
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiao Q, James P, Breheny P, Jia P, Park Y, Zhang D, Fisher JA, Ward MH, Jones RR. Outdoor light at night and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2363-2372. [PMID: 32488897 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Circadian disruption may play a role in breast carcinogenesis. Previous studies reported relationships between outdoor light at night (LAN) and the breast cancer risk, but their findings are mixed. There is also a need to examine LAN and breast cancer incidence according to different individual and environmental characteristics to identify subpopulations at greater risk associated with LAN exposure. We studied residential outdoor LAN estimated from satellite imagery at baseline (1996) in relation to postmenopausal breast cancer incidence over ~16 years of follow-up in 186 981 postmenopausal women including 12 318 incident postmenopausal breast cancer cases in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and two-sided 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the relationship between quintiles of LAN and postmenopausal breast cancer risk, overall and by hormone receptor status and cancer stage. We found that when compared to women in the lowest quintile of baseline LAN, those in the highest quintile had a 10% increase in postmenopausal breast cancer risk (HR (95% CI), 1.10 (1.02, 1.18), P-trend, .002). The association appeared to be stronger for estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer (1.12 [1.02, 1.24], .007) than for ER-negative cancer (1.07 [0.85, 1.34], .66). Our findings also suggested that the relationship between LAN and breast cancer risk may differ by individual characteristics, such as smoking, alcohol drinking, sleep duration and BMI, and neighborhood environment. In conclusion, our study suggests that higher outdoor LAN exposure may be a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick Breheny
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Peng Jia
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,International Initiative on Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yikyung Park
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Health and Human physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jared A Fisher
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Haim A, Boynao S, Elsalam Zubidat A. Consequences of Artificial Light at Night: The Linkage between Chasing Darkness Away and Epigenetic Modifications. Epigenetics 2019. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.84789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
|
6
|
Zubidat AE, Fares B, Fares F, Haim A. Artificial Light at Night of Different Spectral Compositions Differentially Affects Tumor Growth in Mice: Interaction With Melatonin and Epigenetic Pathways. Cancer Control 2019; 25:1073274818812908. [PMID: 30477310 PMCID: PMC6259078 DOI: 10.1177/1073274818812908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lighting technology is rapidly advancing toward shorter wavelength illuminations
that offer energy-efficient properties. Along with this advantage, the increased
use of such illuminations also poses some health challenges, particularly breast
cancer progression. Here, we evaluated the effects of artificial light at night
(ALAN) of 4 different spectral compositions (500-595 nm) at 350 Lux on melatonin
suppression by measuring its urine metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, global DNA
methylation, tumor growth, metastases formation, and urinary corticosterone
levels in 4T1 breast cancer cell-inoculated female BALB/c mice. The results
revealed an inverse dose-dependent relationship between wavelength and melatonin
suppression. Short wavelength increased tumor growth, promoted lung metastases
formation, and advanced DNA hypomethylation, while long wavelength lessened
these effects. Melatonin treatment counteracted these effects and resulted in
reduced cancer burden. The wavelength suppression threshold for
melatonin-induced tumor growth was 500 nm. These results suggest that short
wavelength increases cancer burden by inducing aberrant DNA methylation mediated
by the suppression of melatonin. Additionally, melatonin suppression and global
DNA methylation are suggested as promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and
therapy of breast cancer. Finally, ALAN may manifest other physiological
responses such as stress responses that may challenge the survival fitness of
the animal under natural environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Zubidat
- 1 The Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - B Fares
- 2 Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,3 Department of Molecular Genetics, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - F Fares
- 2 Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,3 Department of Molecular Genetics, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - A Haim
- 1 The Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Circadian disruption and increase of oxidative stress in male and female volunteers after bright light exposure before bed time. Mol Cell Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
8
|
Agbaria S, Haim A, Fares F, Zubidat AE. Epigenetic modification in 4T1 mouse breast cancer model by artificial light at night and melatonin - the role of DNA-methyltransferase. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:629-643. [PMID: 30746962 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1574265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Currently, one of the most disputed hypotheses regarding breast cancer (BC) development is exposure to short wavelength artificial light at night (ALAN) as multiple studies suggest a possible link between them. This link is suggested to be mediated by nocturnal melatonin suppression that plays an integral role in circadian regulations including cell division. The objective of the research was to evaluate effects of 1 × 30 min/midnight ALAN (134 µ Wcm-2, 460 nm) with or without nocturnal melatonin supplement on tumor development and epigenetic responses in 4T1 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. Mice were monitored for body mass (Wb) and tumor volume for 3 weeks and thereafter urine samples were collected at regular intervals for determining daily rhythms of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SMT). Finally, mice were sacrificed and the tumor, lungs, liver, and spleen were excised for analyzing the total activity of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) and global DNA methylation (GDM) levels. Mice exposed to ALAN significantly reduced 6-SMT levels and increased Wb, tumor volume, and lung metastasis compared with controls. These effects were diminished by melatonin. The DNMT activity and GDM levels showed tissue-specific response. The enzymatic activity and GDM levels were lower in tumor and liver and higher in spleen and lungs under ALAN compared with controls. Our results suggest that ALAN disrupts the melatonin rhythm and potentially leading to increased BC burden by affecting DNMT activity and GDM levels. These data may also be applicable to early detection and management of BC by monitoring melatonin and GDM levels as early biomarker of ALAN circadian disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Agbaria
- a Department of Human Biology , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
| | - Abraham Haim
- b The Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
| | - Fuad Fares
- a Department of Human Biology , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel.,c Department of Molecular Genetics , Carmel Medical Center , Haifa , Israel
| | - Abed E Zubidat
- b The Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Johns LE, Jones ME, Schoemaker MJ, McFadden E, Ashworth A, Swerdlow AJ. Domestic light at night and breast cancer risk: a prospective analysis of 105 000 UK women in the Generations Study. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:600-606. [PMID: 29360812 PMCID: PMC5830585 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Circadian disruption caused by exposure to light at night (LAN) has been proposed as a risk factor for breast cancer and a reason for secular increases in incidence. Studies to date have largely been ecological or case-control in design and findings have been mixed. Methods: We investigated the relationship between LAN and breast cancer risk in the UK Generations Study. Bedroom light levels and sleeping patterns at age 20 and at study recruitment were obtained by questionnaire. Analyses were conducted on 105 866 participants with no prior history of breast cancer. During an average of 6.1 years of follow-up, 1775 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs), adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: There was no association between LAN level and breast cancer risk overall (highest compared with lowest LAN level at recruitment: HR=1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88–1.15), or for invasive (HR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.85–1.13) or in situ (HR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.83–1.11) breast cancer, or oestrogen-receptor (ER) positive (HR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.84–1.14); or negative (HR=1.16, 95% CI: 0.82–1.65) tumours separately. The findings did not differ by menopausal status. Adjusting for sleep duration, sleeping at unusual times (non-peak sleep) and history of night work did not affect the results. Night waking with exposure to light, occurring around age 20, was associated with a reduced risk of premenopausal breast cancer (HR for breast cancer overall=0.74, 95% CI: 0.55–0.99; HR for ER-positive breast cancer=0.69, 95% CI: 0.49–0.97). Conclusions: In this prospective cohort analysis of LAN, there was no evidence that LAN exposure increased the risk of subsequent breast cancer, although the suggestion of a lower breast cancer risk in pre-menopausal women with a history of night waking in their twenties may warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise E Johns
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Michael E Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Emily McFadden
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Research Centre at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.,Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.,Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zubidat AE, Haim A. Artificial light-at-night - a novel lifestyle risk factor for metabolic disorder and cancer morbidity. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 28:295-313. [PMID: 28682785 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Both obesity and breast cancer are already recognized worldwide as the most common syndromes in our modern society. Currently, there is accumulating evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies suggesting that these syndromes are closely associated with circadian disruption. It has been suggested that melatonin (MLT) and the circadian clock genes both play an important role in the development of these syndromes. However, we still poorly understand the molecular mechanism underlying the association between circadian disruption and the modern health syndromes. One promising candidate is epigenetic modifications of various genes, including clock genes, circadian-related genes, oncogenes, and metabolic genes. DNA methylation is the most prominent epigenetic signaling tool for gene expression regulation induced by environmental exposures, such as artificial light-at-night (ALAN). In this review, we first provide an overview on the molecular feedback loops that generate the circadian regulation and how circadian disruption by ALAN can impose adverse impacts on public health, particularly metabolic disorders and breast cancer development. We then focus on the relation between ALAN-induced circadian disruption and both global DNA methylation and specific loci methylation in relation to obesity and breast cancer morbidities. DNA hypo-methylation and DNA hyper-methylation, are suggested as the most studied epigenetic tools for the activation and silencing of genes that regulate metabolic and monostatic responses. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical and therapeutic roles of MLT suppression and DNA methylation patterns as novel biomarkers for the early detection of metabolic disorders and breast cancer development.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gu F, Xu S, Devesa SS, Zhang F, Klerman EB, Graubard BI, Caporaso NE. Longitude Position in a Time Zone and Cancer Risk in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:1306-1311. [PMID: 28450580 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circadian disruption is a probable human carcinogen. From the eastern to western border of a time zone, social time is equal, whereas solar time is progressively delayed, producing increased discrepancies between individuals' social and biological circadian time. Accordingly, western time zone residents experience greater circadian disruption and may be at an increased risk of cancer.Methods: We examined associations between the position in a time zone and age-standardized county-level incidence rates for total cancers combined and 23 specific cancers by gender using the data of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (2000-2012), including four million cancer diagnoses in white residents of 607 counties in 11 U.S. states. Log-linear regression was conducted, adjusting for latitude, poverty, cigarette smoking, and state. Bonferroni-corrected P values were used as the significance criteria.Results: Risk increased from east to west within a time zone for total and for many specific cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (both genders) and cancers of the stomach, liver, prostate, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in men and cancers of the esophagus, colorectum, lung, breast, and corpus uteri in women.Conclusions: Risk increased from the east to the west in a time zone for total and many specific cancers, in accord with the circadian disruption hypothesis. Replications in analytic epidemiologic studies are warranted.Impact: Our findings suggest that circadian disruption may not be a rare phenomenon affecting only shift workers, but is widespread in the general population with broader implications for public health than generally appreciated. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(8); 1306-11. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Gu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.,Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Shangda Xu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.,Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Susan S Devesa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Fanni Zhang
- Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim KY, Lee E, Kim YJ, Kim J. The association between artificial light at night and prostate cancer in Gwangju City and South Jeolla Province of South Korea. Chronobiol Int 2016; 34:203-211. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1259241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Young Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon City, South Korea
| | - Eunil Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine and School of Public Health Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine and School of Public Health Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinsun Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine and School of Public Health Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|