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Jigeer G, Huang Z, Zou J, Zhu S, Li Y, Chen S, Yang Q, Sun L, Wu S, Gao X. Association of insomnia with diet quality and eating behavior. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01131. [PMID: 38973231 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guliyeerke Jigeer
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Siwei Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Qishan Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 063000, China
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Alomri RM, Alghamdi Y. The Prevalence and Predictors of Sleep Disorders and Their Impact on Academic Performance Among Saudi University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e61334. [PMID: 38947619 PMCID: PMC11213967 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students encounter a variety of sleep problems that have an impact on their health and academic performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of sleep disorders and their impact on academic performance among Saudi university students. METHODS This is an online cross-sectional study that involved university students and was conducted between November 2022 and February 2023 in Saudi Arabia. Sleep disorders were examined among undergraduate students through online screening surveys including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to assess excessive daytime sleepiness, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) to measure insomnia, and the Berlin questionnaire to examine obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Restless leg syndrome (RLS) was measured using the RLS rating. SPSS version 29.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for all statistical analyses. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of having excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, sleep-disordered breathing, and RLS. RESULTS The sample included 449 participants. According to the ESS, 56.6% (n=254) of students reported excessive daytime sleepiness. Using the ISI, 78.4% (n=352) of students were found to have insomnia. The Berlin questionnaire indicated that 6.7% (n=30) of students had sleep-disordered breathing. Additionally, 13.6% (n=61) of students reported having RLS. Male students had higher odds of sleep-disordered breathing compared to females (p<0.01), while marital status showed that married students had higher odds of sleep-disordered breathing (p<0.05). Students who reported nighttime sleeping had lower odds of insomnia and restless leg syndrome (p<0.05). Having regular sleeping times was associated with higher odds of insomnia (p<0.05). Napping sometimes was associated with higher odds of excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep-disordered breathing (p<0.05). Students working day and night shifts had higher odds of sleep-disordered breathing (p<0.01). Interestingly, students with comorbidities had lower odds of RLS (p<0.01). CONCLUSION This study established that sleep disturbances among students significantly reduce grade point averages (GPAs), where the most affected were male students and those who were married. The government should implement sleep education programs, provide resources for the management of sleep, encourage consistent sleep schedules, and come up with targeted interventions for at-risk groups. More research is also recommended on effective sleep interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridwan M Alomri
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences and Media, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Yaser Alghamdi
- Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, Taibah University, Madinah, SAU
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3
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Nucci D, Sommariva A, Degoni LM, Gallo G, Mancarella M, Natarelli F, Savoia A, Catalini A, Ferranti R, Pregliasco FE, Castaldi S, Gianfredi V. Association between Mediterranean diet and dementia and Alzheimer disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:77. [PMID: 38519775 PMCID: PMC10959819 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia affects 5-8% of the population aged over 65 years (~50 million worldwide). Several factors are associated with increased risk, including diet. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has shown potential protective effects against several chronic diseases. AIMS This systematic review with meta-analysis aim was to assess the association between adherence to the MedDiet and the risk of dementia in the elderly. METHODS PRISMA-2020 guidelines were followed. PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus were searched on 17 July 2023. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tool was used to assess the risk of bias. The protocol was pre-registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD 42023444368). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of the funnel plot and by Egger's regression asymmetry test. The final effect size was reported as OR or HR, depending on the study design of the included studies. RESULTS Out of 682 records, 21 were included in the analysis. The pooled OR was 0.89 (95% CI = 0.84-0.94) based on 65,955 participants (I2 = 69.94). When only cohort studies were included, HR was 0.84 (95% CI = 0.76-0.94) based on 55,205 participants (I2 = 89.70). When only Alzheimer Disease was considered OR was 0.73 (95% CI = 0.62-0.85) based on 38,292 participants (I2 = 63.85). DISCUSSION Despite the relatively low risk reduction associated with higher adherence to MedDiet among elderly, it should be considered that this population is the most affected. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to MedDiet could be an effective non-pharmacological measure to reduce the burden of dementia, even among elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Nucci
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Igiene Alimenti E Nutrizione, Dipartimento Di Igiene E Prevenzione Sanitaria, Azienda Di Tutela Della Salute (ATS) Brescia, Via Duca Degli Abruzzi, 15, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Sommariva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Mario Degoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Gallo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Mancarella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Natarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Savoia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Catalini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferranti
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Igiene Alimenti E Nutrizione, Dipartimento Di Igiene E Prevenzione Sanitaria, Azienda Di Tutela Della Salute (ATS) Brescia, Via Duca Degli Abruzzi, 15, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Silvana Castaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenza Gianfredi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Tremblay JA, Peron F, Kreitmann L, Textoris J, Brengel-Pesce K, Lukaszewicz AC, Quemeneur L, Vedrine C, Tan LK, Venet F, Rimmele T, Monneret G. A stratification strategy to predict secondary infection in critical illness-induced immune dysfunction: the REALIST score. Ann Intensive Care 2022; 12:76. [PMID: 35976460 PMCID: PMC9382015 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-022-01051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although multiple individual immune parameters have been demonstrated to predict the occurrence of secondary infection after critical illness, significant questions remain with regards to the selection, timing and clinical utility of such immune monitoring tests. RESEARCH QUESTION As a sub-study of the REALISM study, the REALIST score was developed as a pragmatic approach to help clinicians better identify and stratify patients at high risk for secondary infection, using a simple set of relatively available and technically robust biomarkers. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This is a sub-study of a single-centre prospective cohort study of immune profiling in critically ill adults admitted after severe trauma, major surgery or sepsis/septic shock. For the REALIST score, five immune parameters were pre-emptively selected based on their clinical applicability and technical robustness. Predictive power of different parameters and combinations of parameters was assessed. The main outcome of interest was the occurrence of secondary infection within 30 days. RESULTS After excluding statistically redundant and poorly predictive parameters, three parameters remained in the REALIST score: mHLA-DR, percentage of immature (CD10- CD16-) neutrophils and serum IL-10 level. In the cohort of interest (n = 189), incidence of secondary infection at day 30 increased from 8% for patients with REALIST score of 0 to 46% in patients with a score of 3 abnormal parameters, measured ad D5-7. When adjusted for a priori identified clinical risk factors for secondary infection (SOFA score and invasive mechanical ventilation at D5-7), a higher REALIST score was independently associated with increased risk of secondary infection (42 events (22.2%), adjusted HR 3.22 (1.09-9.50), p = 0.034) and mortality (10 events (5.3%), p = 0.001). INTERPRETATION We derived and presented the REALIST score, a simple and pragmatic stratification strategy which provides clinicians with a clear assessment of the immune status of their patients. This new tool could help optimize care of these individuals and could contribute in designing future trials of immune stimulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Alexis Tremblay
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Herriot Hospital, 5 place d'Arsonval, 69003, Lyon, France. .,Critical Care Service, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, H1T2M4, Canada.
| | - Florian Peron
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Herriot Hospital, 5 place d'Arsonval, 69003, Lyon, France
| | - Louis Kreitmann
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Herriot Hospital, 5 place d'Arsonval, 69003, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Textoris
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Herriot Hospital, 5 place d'Arsonval, 69003, Lyon, France
| | - Karen Brengel-Pesce
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Herriot Hospital, 5 place d'Arsonval, 69003, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Claire Lukaszewicz
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Herriot Hospital, 5 place d'Arsonval, 69003, Lyon, France.,Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69437, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Quemeneur
- Sanofi Pasteur, Sanofi 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - Lionel K Tan
- GSK, 980 Great West Road, Brentford, Middlesex, TW8 9GS, UK
| | - Fabienne Venet
- Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69437, Lyon, France.,Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Team 'NLRP3 Inflammation and Immune Response to Sepsis', Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Rimmele
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Herriot Hospital, 5 place d'Arsonval, 69003, Lyon, France.,Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69437, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- EA 7426 "Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression" (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Hospices Civils de Lyon - bioMérieux), Joint Research Unit HCL-bioMérieux, Herriot Hospital, 5 place d'Arsonval, 69003, Lyon, France.,Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 69437, Lyon, France
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Ramón-Arbués E, Granada-López JM, Martínez-Abadía B, Echániz-Serrano E, Antón-Solanas I, Jerue BA. The Association between Diet and Sleep Quality among Spanish University Students. Nutrients 2022; 14:3291. [PMID: 36014796 PMCID: PMC9415359 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While it has long been recognized that diet is a leading behavioral risk factor for human health, recent scientific findings have also suggested that diet and sleep quality may be connected. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the association between diet and sleep quality among a group of Spanish university students. To do so, a cross-sectional study of 868 students was carried out. Sleep quality was assessed using the Spanish version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while diet was assessed using the Spanish Healthy Eating Index (SHEI). The study revealed a noteworthy rate of bad sleepers (51.6%) and students whose diet needed modifications (82.2%). Unhealthy eaters were more likely to have poor sleep quality (aOR = 4.20; CI 95%: 2.07-8.52). The unbalanced intake of vegetables (aOR = 1.63; CI 95%: 1.14-2.34), fruits (aOR = 4.08; CI 95%: 2.90-5.74), dairy products (aOR = 1.96; CI 95%: 1.41-2.72), lean meats (aOR = 1.82; CI 95%: 1.19-2.78), legumes (aOR = 1.43; CI 95%: 1.00-2.02), sweets (aOR = 1.60; CI 95%: 1.13-2.25) and sugary soft drinks (aOR = 1.46; CI 95%: 1.07-1.99) was associated with lower sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ramón-Arbués
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Group Cultural Transferences and International Projection of Aragonese Culture (H27_20D-TRANSFERCULT), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José-Manuel Granada-López
- Research Group Cultural Transferences and International Projection of Aragonese Culture (H27_20D-TRANSFERCULT), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- GIISA021—Seguridad y Cuidados Research Group, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Blanca Martínez-Abadía
- Occupational Health and Prevention Service of the Zaragoza City Council, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Echániz-Serrano
- Research Group Cultural Transferences and International Projection of Aragonese Culture (H27_20D-TRANSFERCULT), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Antón-Solanas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- GIIS094—Grupo Enfermero de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Aragón (GENIAPA), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Benjamin Adam Jerue
- Faculty of Communication and Social Sciences, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
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Ahlstrand I, Larsson I, Larsson M, Ekman A, Hedén L, Laakso K, Lindmark U, Nunstedt H, Oxelmark L, Pennbrant S, Sundler AJ, Hallgren J. Health-promoting factors among students in higher education within health care and social work: a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data in a multicentre longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1314. [PMID: 35804344 PMCID: PMC9270798 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Educational environments are considered important in strengthening students’ health status and knowledge, which are associated with good educational outcomes. It has been suggested to establish healthy universities based on a salutogenic approach – namely, health promotion. The aim of this study was to describe health-promoting resources and factors among first-semester students in higher education in healthcare and social work. Methods This cross-sectional study is based on a survey distributed among all students in seven healthcare and social work programmes at six universities in southern Sweden. The survey was carried out in 2018 using a self-reported, web-based questionnaire focussing on general health and well-being, lifestyle factors together with three validated instruments measuring health-promoting factors and processes: the Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale, Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale (SHIS) and Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ). Results Of 2283 students, 851 (37.3%) completed the survey, of whom 742 (87.1%) were women; 722 (84.8%) were enrolled on healthcare programmes, and 129 (15.2%) were enrolled on social work programmes. Most reported good general health and well-being (88.1% and 83.7%, respectively). The total mean scores for the SOC scale, SHIS and OBQ were, respectively, 59.09 (SD = 11.78), 44.04 (SD = 9.38) and 26.40 (SD = 7.07). Well-being and several healthy lifestyles were related to better general health and higher SOC, SHIS and OBQ scores. Multiple linear and logistic regressions showed that perceived well-being and no sleeping problems significantly predicted higher general health and higher SOC, SHIS and OBQ scores. Being less sedentary and non-smoking habits were significant predictors of higher SOC. Conclusions Swedish students in higher education within the healthcare and social work sector report good general health and well-being in the first semester, as well as health-promoting resources (i.e. SOC, SHIS and OBQ), and in some aspects, a healthy lifestyle. High-intensity exercise, no sleeping problems and non-smoking seem to be of importance to both general health and health-promotive resources. This study contributes to knowledge about the health promotive characteristics of students in the healthcare and social work fields, which is of importance for planning universities with a salutogenic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Ahlstrand
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Larsson
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Box 823, S-30118, Halmstad, Sweden.
| | | | - Aimée Ekman
- Department of Social Work, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Lena Hedén
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Katja Laakso
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Lindmark
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.,Centre for Oral Health, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Håkan Nunstedt
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Lena Oxelmark
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Pennbrant
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Annelie J Sundler
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Jenny Hallgren
- School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
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Montrucchio G, Sales G, Catozzi G, Bosso S, Scanu M, Vignola TV, Costamagna A, Corcione S, Urbino R, Filippini C, De Rosa FG, Brazzi L. Effectiveness of an Active and Continuous Surveillance Program for Intensive Care Units Infections Based on the EPIC III (Extended Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care) Approach. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092482. [PMID: 35566606 PMCID: PMC9101920 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of the Extended Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) III data collection protocol as an active surveillance tool in the eight Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of the Intensive and Critical Care Department of the University Hospital of Turin. A total of 435 patients were included in a six-day study over 72 ICU beds. 42% had at least one infection: 69% at one site, 26% at two sites and 5% at three or more sites. ICU-acquired infections were the most common (64%), followed by hospital-associated infections (22%) and community-acquired (20%), considering that each patient may have developed more than one infection type. 72% of patients were receiving at least one antibiotic: 48% for prophylaxis and 52% for treatment. Mortality, the length of ICU and hospital stays were 13%, 14 and 29 days, respectively, being all estimated to be significantly different in patients without and with infection (8% vs. 20%; 4 vs. 20 and 11 vs. 50 (p < 0.001). Our data confirm a high prevalence of infections, sepsis and the use of antimicrobials. The repeated punctual prevalence survey seems an effective method to carry out the surveillance of infections and the use of antimicrobials in the ICU. The use of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) definitions and the EPIC III protocol seems strategic to allow comparisons with national and international contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Montrucchio
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (A.C.); (C.F.); (L.B.)
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Hospital, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.S.); (R.U.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriele Sales
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (A.C.); (C.F.); (L.B.)
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Hospital, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.S.); (R.U.)
| | - Giulia Catozzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Stefano Bosso
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, “Cardinal Massaia” Hospital, 14100 Asti, Italy;
| | - Martina Scanu
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Hospital, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.S.); (R.U.)
| | - Titty Vita Vignola
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy;
| | - Andrea Costamagna
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (A.C.); (C.F.); (L.B.)
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Hospital, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.S.); (R.U.)
| | - Silvia Corcione
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (F.G.D.R.)
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Rosario Urbino
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Hospital, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.S.); (R.U.)
| | - Claudia Filippini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (A.C.); (C.F.); (L.B.)
| | - Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (F.G.D.R.)
| | - Luca Brazzi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (A.C.); (C.F.); (L.B.)
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Hospital, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.S.); (R.U.)
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8
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No-Touch Automated Disinfection System Based on Hydrogen Peroxide and Ethyl Alcohol Aerosols for Use in Healthcare Environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084868. [PMID: 35457735 PMCID: PMC9029184 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare-related infections are sustained by various bacteria and fungi. In recent years, various technologies have emerged for the sanitation of healthcare-related environments. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a no-touch disinfection system that aerosolizes 5% hydrogen peroxide and 10% ethyl alcohol. After selecting an environment, the Total Bacterial Count and the Total Fungal Count in the air and on a surface of the room were determined to evaluate the effectiveness of the aerosolization system. In addition, sterile stainless-steel plates inoculated with S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and Aspergillus spp. isolated from hospitalized patients and reference strains were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the system. For each organism, three plates were used: A (cleaned), B (not cleaned), and C (control). The A plates were treated with non-ionic surfactant and the aerosolization system, the B plates were subjected to the aerosolization system, and the plates C were positioned outside the room that was sanitized. Following sanitization, air and surface sampling was conducted, after which, swabs were processed for bacterial and fungal enumeration. The results showed that the air sanitization system had good efficacy for both bacteria and fungi in the air and on stainless-steel plates, particularly for the A plates.
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Qi X, Ye J, Wen Y, Liu L, Cheng B, Cheng S, Yao Y, Zhang F. Evaluating the Effects of Diet-Gut Microbiota Interactions on Sleep Traits Using the UK Biobank Cohort. Nutrients 2022; 14:1134. [PMID: 35334789 PMCID: PMC8951611 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that diet and gut microbiota had a correlation with sleep. However, the potential interaction effects of diet and gut microbiota on sleep are still unclear. The phenotypic data of insomnia (including 374,505 subjects) and sleep duration (including 372,805 subjects) were obtained from the UK Biobank cohort. The Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with 114 gut microbiota, 84 dietary habits, and 4 dietary compositions were derived from the published Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS). We used Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSC) to estimate the genetic correlation and colocalization analysis to assess whether dietary habits and insomnia/sleep duration shared a causal variant in a region of the genome. Using UK Biobank genotype data, the polygenetic risk score of gut microbiota, dietary habits, and dietary compositions were calculated for each subject. Logistic regression and linear regression models were used to assess the potential effects of diet-gut microbiota interactions on sleep phenotypes, including insomnia and sleep duration. Insomnia and sleep duration were used as dependent variables, and sex, age, the Townsend Deprivation Index scores, and smoking and drinking habits were selected as covariates in the regression analysis. All statistical analyses were conducted using R-3.5.1 software. Significant genetic correlations were discovered between insomnia/sleep duration and dietary habits. Further, we found several significant dietary compositions-gut microbiota interactions associated with sleep, such as fat × G_Collinsella_RNT (p = 1.843 × 10-2) and protein × G_Collinsella_HB (p = 7.11 × 10-3). Besides, multiple dietary habits-gut microbiota interactions were identified for sleep, such as overall beef intake × G_Desulfovibrio_RNT (p = 3.26 × 10-4), cups of coffee per day × G_Escherichia_Shigella_RNT (p = 1.14 × 10-3), and pieces of dried fruit per day × G_Bifidobacterium_RNT (p = 5.80 × 10-3). This study reported multiple diet-gut microbiota interactions associated with sleep, which may provide insights into the biological mechanisms of diet and gut microbiota affecting sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Jing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (J.Y.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.)
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Zaidalkilani AT, Alhaj OA, Serag El-Dine MF, Fekih-Romdhane F, AlRasheed MM, Jahrami HA, Bragazzi NL. Arab Women Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Insomnia. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 58:medicina58010017. [PMID: 35056325 PMCID: PMC8778319 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective: Sleeping difficulties affect the overall health, nutrition, and wellbeing. The Mediterranean diet has proven effective in improving the quality of life and overall health of people of all ages. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) is linked to reduced insomnia in Arabic-speaking female adults in Jordan. Materials and Methods: A self-administered, cross-sectional survey was used to detect the relationship between MD and sleep quality in Arabic-speaking female adults. Data were collected from 917 Arabic-speaking female participants of 14 Arab nationalities in Jordan between March and May 2021 via social media. All participants answered the whole questionnaire, including questions on sociodemographic aspects, Mediterranean diet adherence, sleeping habits measured with the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and lifestyle components such as smoking and dietary patterns. Results: The mean age of the 917 Arabic-speaking female participants was 36 ± 10 years. Most participants were unemployed (85%) single females (64%) with an undergraduate degree (74%). Most of them (86%) were non-smokers. More than half of the participants were Jordanians (57%). The BMI was normal for 52% of the participants, whereas 26% of them were overweight, and 12% were obese. One-way ANCOVA showed a statistically significant difference between MD adherence score categories and AIS, F (2, 914) = 3.36, p = 0.015. Among the MD adherence score categories, we found that between groups, MD scores above or equal to 10 were associated with a statistically significant difference in AIS. Cohen's value was calculated for the three MD score categories and indicated a 'small' effect size association between all adherence scores of the MD categories and AIS. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings provide preliminary evidence that participants' adherence to the MD was significantly associated with better sleep and reduced insomnia symptoms, highlighting the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayah T. Zaidalkilani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan;
| | - Omar A. Alhaj
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan;
- Correspondence: (O.A.A.); (N.L.B.)
| | - Mohamed F. Serag El-Dine
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Menofia University, Shibin el Kom 11925, Menofia Governorate, Egypt;
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Psychiatry Department “Ibn Omrane”, Razi Hospital, Manouba 2010, Tunisia;
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Maha M. AlRasheed
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Haitham A. Jahrami
- Ministry of Health, Manama 410, Bahrain;
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 323, Bahrain
| | - Nicola L. Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Departments and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Correspondence: (O.A.A.); (N.L.B.)
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Volpicelli L, Venditti M, Ceccarelli G, Oliva A. Place in Therapy of the Newly Available Armamentarium for Multi-Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens: Proposal of a Prescription Algorithm. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121475. [PMID: 34943687 PMCID: PMC8698671 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide propagation of antimicrobial resistance represents one of the biggest threats to global health and development. Multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDROs), including carbapenem-resistant non-fermenting Gram-negatives and Enterobacterales, present a heterogeneous and mutating spread. Infections by MDRO are often associated with an unfavorable outcome, especially among critically ill populations. The polymyxins represented the backbone of antibiotic regimens for Gram-negative MDROs in recent decades, but their use presents multiple pitfalls. Luckily, new agents with potent activity against MDROs have become available in recent times and more are yet to come. Now, we have the duty to make the best use of these new therapeutic tools in order not to prematurely compromise their effectiveness and at the same time improve patients’ outcomes. We reviewed the current literature on ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam and cefiderocol, focusing on antimicrobial spectrum, on the prevalence and mechanisms of resistance development and on the main in vitro and clinical experiences available so far. Subsequently, we performed a step-by-step construction of a speculative algorithm for a reasoned prescription of these new antibiotics, contemplating both empirical and targeted use. Attention was specifically posed on patients with life-risk conditions and in settings with elevated prevalence of MDRO.
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Kayaba M, Matsushita T, Katayama N, Inoue Y, Sasai-Sakuma T. Sleep-wake rhythm and its association with lifestyle, health-related quality of life and academic performance among Japanese nursing students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:225. [PMID: 34749734 PMCID: PMC8576865 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Young adults are likely to have activities and go to bed late at night due to their age-dependent delayed endogenous circadian clock. The purpose of the present study was to clarify sleep–wake rhythm and its association with lifestyle, health-related quality of life, and academic performance among nursing students. Methods Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to undergraduate nursing students at six universities in Japan. Sleep–wake rhythm was assessed using the morningness-eveningness questionnaire. A quantitative design using the generalized linear mixed effect model was utilized to identify the factors related to the evening type among female nursing students (n = 447). Results About 18% of the participants were identified as the evening type. Evening type was associated with living alone, part-time job, and club activity. Sleep duration on weekdays was shorter, meal time duration was the shortest, and the percentages of students who skipped meals and those who gained body weight were higher in the evening type than in the morning type and intermediate type. Mental health-related quality of life was lower in the intermediate type and evening type than in the morning type, while there was no difference in physical health-related quality of life among these groups. The percentages of the nursing students who have experienced absence, tardiness, falling asleep during class, and/or interference with academic achievement were higher in the evening type than in other groups. Conclusions The present study has important implications for nursing students’ biological characteristics and lifestyle, which are associated with their health-related quality of life and academic performance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12912-021-00748-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Kayaba
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan. .,Japan Somnology Center, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, 5-10-10, Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-0053, Japan.
| | - Toshiko Matsushita
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Yokohama Kanazawa-ku, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Noriko Katayama
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, Kamishinano 16-48, Yokohama Totsuka-ku, Kanagawa, 244-0806, Japan
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.,Japan Somnology Center, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, 5-10-10, Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-0053, Japan
| | - Taeko Sasai-Sakuma
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.,Japan Somnology Center, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, 5-10-10, Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-0053, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Kaga 2-11-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
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Nucci D, Santangelo OE, Nardi M, Provenzano S, Gianfredi V. Wikipedia, Google Trends and Diet: Assessment of Temporal Trends in the Internet Users' Searches in Italy before and during COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2021; 13:3683. [PMID: 34835939 PMCID: PMC8620684 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We obtained data from Google Trends and Wikipedia in order to assess whether an analysis of Internet searches could provide information on the Internet users' behaviour/interest in diets. Differences in seasonality, year and before/during COVID-19 pandemic were assessed. From Wikipedia, we extracted the number of times a page is viewed by users, aggregated on monthly and seasonal bases. We also used Google Trends to evaluate the frequency of the users' web searches. The Mediterranean diet was the most frequently (33.9%), followed by the pescatarian diet (9.0%). Statistically, significant seasonal differences were found for the Mediterranean, vegetarian, Atkins, Scarsdale, and zone diets and pescetarianism. The most commonly searched diet and consequent diet-related queries on Google resulted to be: Dukan diet, Dukan and weight loss. Ketogenic, FODMAP and intermittent fasting diets were statistically more frequently searched during the pandemic compared with before. Our data show a different trend of searches based on the seasonality, year and the pandemic. These data could be useful for scientists, practitioners and policy makers because they can inform educational campaigns via the Internet, especially in periods when the population is more receptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Nucci
- Nutritional Support Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy; (D.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Omar Enzo Santangelo
- Regional Health Care and Social Agency of Lodi, ASST Lodi, Piazza Ospitale, 10, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Mariateresa Nardi
- Nutritional Support Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy; (D.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Sandro Provenzano
- Local Health Unit of Trapani, ASP Trapani, Via G. Mazzini, 1, 91100 Trapani, Italy;
| | - Vincenza Gianfredi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4-6, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Gallego-Gómez JI, González-Moro MTR, González-Moro JMR, Vera-Catalán T, Balanza S, Simonelli-Muñoz AJ, Rivera-Caravaca JM. Relationship between sleep habits and academic performance in university Nursing students. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:100. [PMID: 34140029 PMCID: PMC8212524 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep disorders are composed of a group of diseases of increasing prevalence and with social-health implications to be considered a public health problem. Sleep habits and specific sleep behaviors have an influence on the academic success of students. However, the characteristics of sleep and sleep habits of university students as predictors of poor academic performance have been scarcely analyzed. In the present study, we aimed to investigate sleep habits and their influence on academic performance in a cohort of Nursing Degree students. Methods This was a cross-sectional and observational study. An anonymous and self-administered questionnaire was used, including different scales such as the ‘Morningness and Eveningness scale’, an author-generated sleep habit questionnaire, and certain variables aimed at studying the socio-familial and academic aspects of the Nursing students. The association of sleep habits and other variables with poor academic performance was investigated by logistic regression. The internal consistency and homogeneity of the ‘sleep habits questionnaire’ was assessed with the Cronbach’s alpha test. Results Overall, 401 students (mean age of 22.1 ± 4.9 years, 74.8 % females) from the Nursing Degree were included. The homogeneity of the ‘sleep habits questionnaire’ was appropriate (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.710). Nursing students were characterized by an evening chronotype (20.2 %) and a short sleep pattern. 30.4 % of the Nursing students had bad sleep habits. Regarding the academic performance, 47.9 % of the students showed a poor one. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, a short sleep pattern (adjusted OR = 1.53, 95 % CI 1.01–2.34), bad sleep habits (aOR = 1.76, 95 % CI 1.11–2.79), and age < 25 years (aOR = 2.27, 95 % CI 1.30–3.98) were independently associated with a higher probability of poor academic performance. Conclusions Almost 1/3 of the Nursing students were identified as having bad sleep habits, and these students were characterized by an evening chronotype and a short sleep pattern. A short sleep pattern, bad sleep habits, and age < 25 years, were independently associated with a higher risk of poor academic performance. This requires multifactorial approaches and the involvement of all the associated actors: teachers, academic institutions, health institutions, and the people in charge in university residences, among others. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12912-021-00635-x.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tomás Vera-Catalán
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Serafín Balanza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Agustín Javier Simonelli-Muñoz
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences,, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, 04007, Almería, Spain.
| | - José Miguel Rivera-Caravaca
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERCV, 30120, Murcia, Spain
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López-Moreno M, Garcés-Rimón M, Miguel M, Iglesias-López MT. Influence of eating habits and alcohol consumption on the academic performance among a university population in the community of Madrid: A pilot study. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07186. [PMID: 34169161 PMCID: PMC8207223 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between dietary habits and alcohol consumption on academic performance among university students. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University located in Madrid, Spain. PARTICIPANTS 56 university students of nursing (45 women and 11 men). The study complies with the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the University Ethics Committee (36/2018). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Dietary intake and habits assessed with validated survey, alcohol consumption and academic performance. ANALYSIS Chi-square test, Student's t-test, ANOVA analysis, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis analysis and Shapiro-Wilk test. RESULTS The average daily energy intake of the students was 1918 ± 725 kcal and, on average, alcohol accounted for 6%. The increased energy contribution from alcohol was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI). Moreover, an inverse association was also found in alcohol intake according to Body Mass Index (BMI) (p < 0.02). Students with failing grades (53.6%) reported a higher daily alcohol intake than those who passed (42.2 %) (32 g/day versus 24 g/day) (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption is related to both poor academic performance as well as diminished quality of life. Thus, it is of vital importance to undertake awareness campaigns at various levels to dissuade alcohol consumption especially at early ages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Garcés-Rimón
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Alimentaria, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miguel
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL; CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Iglesias-López
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Alimentaria, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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D'Ambrosio A, Garlasco J, Quattrocolo F, Vicentini C, Zotti CM. Data quality assessment and subsampling strategies to correct distributional bias in prevalence studies. BMC Med Res Methodol 2021; 21:90. [PMID: 33931025 PMCID: PMC8088017 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-021-01277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent a major Public Health issue. Hospital-based prevalence studies are a common tool of HAI surveillance, but data quality problems and non-representativeness can undermine their reliability. Methods This study proposes three algorithms that, given a convenience sample and variables relevant for the outcome of the study, select a subsample with specific distributional characteristics, boosting either representativeness (Probability and Distance procedures) or risk factors’ balance (Uniformity procedure). A “Quality Score” (QS) was also developed to grade sampled units according to data completeness and reliability. The methodologies were evaluated through bootstrapping on a convenience sample of 135 hospitals collected during the 2016 Italian Point Prevalence Survey (PPS) on HAIs. Results The QS highlighted wide variations in data quality among hospitals (median QS 52.9 points, range 7.98–628, lower meaning better quality), with most problems ascribable to ward and hospital-related data reporting. Both Distance and Probability procedures produced subsamples with lower distributional bias (Log-likelihood score increased from 7.3 to 29 points). The Uniformity procedure increased the homogeneity of the sample characteristics (e.g., − 58.4% in geographical variability). The procedures selected hospitals with higher data quality, especially the Probability procedure (lower QS in 100% of bootstrap simulations). The Distance procedure produced lower HAI prevalence estimates (6.98% compared to 7.44% in the convenience sample), more in line with the European median. Conclusions The QS and the subsampling procedures proposed in this study could represent effective tools to improve the quality of prevalence studies, decreasing the biases that can arise due to non-probabilistic sample collection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12874-021-01277-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D'Ambrosio
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
| | - J Garlasco
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - F Quattrocolo
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - C Vicentini
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - C M Zotti
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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Marendić M, Polić N, Matek H, Oršulić L, Polašek O, Kolčić I. Mediterranean diet assessment challenges: Validation of the Croatian Version of the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) Questionnaire. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247269. [PMID: 33647026 PMCID: PMC7920370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean diet (MD) is among the most commonly investigated diets and recognized as one of the healthiest dietary patterns. Due to its complexity, geographical and cultural variations, it also represents a challenge for quantification. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess reliability and validity of the Croatian version of the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS), using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) as the referent test. We included the exploratory sample of 360 medical students, and a confirmatory sample of 299 health studies students from the University of Split, Croatia. Test-retest reliability and validity of the MDSS were tested using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), while Cohen's kappa statistic was used to test correct classification of subjects into MD adherent/non-adherent category. A very good reliability was shown for the overall MDSS score (ICC = 0.881 [95% CI 0.843-0.909]), and a moderate reliability for the binary adherence (κ = 0.584). Concurrent validity of the MDSS was also better when expressed as a total score (ICC = 0.544 [0.439-0.629]) as opposed to the adherence (κ = 0.223), with similar result in the confirmatory sample (ICC = 0.510 [0.384-0.610]; κ = 0.216). Disappointingly, only 13.6% of medical students were adherent to the MD according to MDSS, and 19.7% according to the MEDAS questionnaire. Nevertheless, MDSS score was positively correlated with age (ρ = 0.179: P = 0.003), self-assessed health perception (ρ = 0.123; P = 0.047), and mental well-being (ρ = 0.139: P = 0.022). MDSS questionnaire is a short, reliable and reasonably valid instrument, and thus useful for assessing the MD adherence, with better results when used as a numeric score, even in the population with low MD adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Marendić
- University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- University Postgraduate Doctoral Study Program Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Polić
- Institute of Emergency Medicine of Split-Dalmatia County, Split, Croatia
| | | | | | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- * E-mail:
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Early Prediction of Seven-Day Mortality in Intensive Care Unit Using a Machine Learning Model: Results from the SPIN-UTI Project. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10050992. [PMID: 33801207 PMCID: PMC7957866 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10050992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) were at higher risk of worsen prognosis and mortality. Here, we aimed to evaluate the ability of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) to predict the risk of 7-day mortality, and to test a machine learning algorithm which combines the SAPS II with additional patients’ characteristics at ICU admission. We used data from the “Italian Nosocomial Infections Surveillance in Intensive Care Units” network. Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithm was used to classify 3782 patients according to sex, patient’s origin, type of ICU admission, non-surgical treatment for acute coronary disease, surgical intervention, SAPS II, presence of invasive devices, trauma, impaired immunity, antibiotic therapy and onset of HAI. The accuracy of SAPS II for predicting patients who died from those who did not was 69.3%, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.678. Using the SVM algorithm, instead, we achieved an accuracy of 83.5% and AUC of 0.896. Notably, SAPS II was the variable that weighted more on the model and its removal resulted in an AUC of 0.653 and an accuracy of 68.4%. Overall, these findings suggest the present SVM model as a useful tool to early predict patients at higher risk of death at ICU admission.
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Khaled SM, Petcu C, Al-Thani MA, Al-Hamadi AMHA, Daher-Nashif S, Zolezzi M, Woodruff P. Prevalence and associated factors of DSM-5 insomnia disorder in the general population of Qatar. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:84. [PMID: 33557765 PMCID: PMC7869071 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-03035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies of insomnia in the Middle East remain scarce. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of insomnia and explore its associations in the general population of Qatar. With almost 100 nationalities, Qatar is one of the most culturally diverse, richest, and fastest developing countries in the Arabian Peninsula. METHODS A probability sample of community-dwelling adults were surveyed in February of 2019. A total of 1611 respondents completed face-to-face interviews in Arabic or English. Logistic regression modeled associations with insomnia, our dependent variable, as defined by a score of ≤16 on the eight-item Sleep Condition Indicator or according to criteria for insomnia in the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition or DSM-5. RESULTS Approximately, 5.5% of the sample screened positive for insomnia and the 30-day prevalence of those who met all the DSM-5 criteria for insomnia disorder was 3.0%. In addition, 2.0% of the sample screened positive for depression and 3.4% for anxiety in the past 2 weeks. Multivariable analysis showed the following were significantly associated with insomnia: Arab ethnicity, young age, unemployment, being married, having less than high school education, fair or poor health, anxiety, and depression. CONCLUSIONS Insomnia prevalence was in the lower range of previously reported DSM-defined estimates from developed Western countries. Our findings highlight the need for raising awareness and improving sleep hygiene in potential risk groups such as younger adults and those of Arab ethnicity, in addition to incorporating insomnia screening in the provision of mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Mawfek Khaled
- Social and Economic Survey Research Institute as opposed to Research Institute seperate from Social and Economic Survey, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Catalina Petcu
- Social and Economic Survey Research Institute as opposed to Research Institute seperate from Social and Economic Survey, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maryam Ali Al-Thani
- Social and Economic Survey Research Institute as opposed to Research Institute seperate from Social and Economic Survey, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aisha Mohammed H. A. Al-Hamadi
- Social and Economic Survey Research Institute as opposed to Research Institute seperate from Social and Economic Survey, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Suhad Daher-Nashif
- College of Medicine, QU-Health and not the other way around, Doha, Qatar
| | - Monica Zolezzi
- College of Pharmacy, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Woodruff
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Three-Year Trends of Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antibiotic Use in Acute Care Hospitals: Findings from 2016-2018 Point Prevalence Surveys in Sicily, Italy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 10:antibiotics10010001. [PMID: 33375105 PMCID: PMC7822200 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated point prevalence surveys (PPSs) of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antibiotic use are crucial to monitor trends over years at regional level, especially in countries with decentralized healthcare systems. Here, we reported the results of three PPSs conducted in Sicilian acute care hospitals (Italy) from 2016 to 2018, according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control protocol. Overall, prevalence of patients with at least one HAI was 5.1% in 2016, 4.7% in 2017, and 5.1% in 2018, without a significant trend over years (p = 0.434). At the patient level, the most important factor associated with HAIs was antibiotic use, since patients receiving at least one antimicrobial were more likely to be infected than those who did not receive antimicrobials (OR = 18.87; 95%CI = 13.08–27.22). The analysis of the prevalence of antibiotic use indicated a significant trend across years of the PPSs: 50.5% of patients received at least one antimicrobial agent in 2016, 55.2% in 2017, and 53.7% in 2018 (p < 0.001). The most common indication for antimicrobial prescription was medical prophylaxis, while third-generation cephalosporins represented the most frequently used class of antimicrobial agents, followed by fluoroquinolones and combinations of penicillins. Our study confirms that HAIs still remain a major public health issue, which could be intensified by antibiotic abuse. This raises the need for infection prevention and control and antibiotic stewardship programs aimed to improve knowledge about appropriate antibiotic prescription and to reduce the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials.
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Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Self-efficacy as Mediators in the Mediation of Sleep Quality and Grades in Nursing Students. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113265. [PMID: 33113807 PMCID: PMC7692202 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
University is a period in which students can experience a considerable amount of challenges that may influence their health lifestyles. The aim of this article is to discover the role of therapeutic adherence to the Mediterranean diet and self-efficacy as mediators in the relationship between sleep quality and the average grades of nursing students. The sample was made up of 334 nursing students, with a mean age of 21.84 years (SD = 6.24). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality questionnaires, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the Baessler and Shwarzer General Self-efficacy Scale were administered. The results of the multiple mediational model determined that quality of sleep has a direct influence on academic performance. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and quality of sleep have an effect on the degree of self-efficacy of nursing students. This study demonstrates that good sleep quality and adherence to the Mediterranean diet improve academic performance in nursing students. Future research should include multicenter longitudinal studies.
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Predictors of sleep quality among university students: the use of advanced machine learning techniques. Sleep Breath 2020; 25:1119-1126. [PMID: 32700289 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02150-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the prevalence of sleep disturbances among university students and investigate potential correlated factors and their relative importance in quantifying sleep quality using advanced machine learning techniques. METHODS A total of 1600 university students participated in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic information was collected, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was administered to assess sleep quality among university students. Study variables were evaluated using logistic regression and advanced machine learning techniques. Study variables that were significant in the logistic regression and had high mean decrease in model accuracy in the machine learning technique were considered important predictors of sleep quality. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the sample was 26.65 (6.38) and 57% of them were females. The prevalence of poor sleep quality in our sample was 70%. The most accurate and balanced predictive model was the random forest model with a 74% accuracy and a 95% specificity. Age and number of cups of tea per day were identified as protective factors for a better sleep quality, while electronics usage hours, headache, other systematic diseases, and neck pain were found risk factors for poor sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS Six predictors of poor sleep quality were identified in university students in which 2 of them were protective and 3 were risk factors. The results of this study can be used to promote health and well-being in university students, improve their academic performance, and assist in developing appropriate interventions.
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Epidemiology and burden of sepsis acquired in hospitals and intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med 2020; 46:1536-1551. [PMID: 32591853 PMCID: PMC7381455 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sepsis is recognized as a global public health problem, but the proportion due to hospital-acquired infections remains unclear. We aimed to summarize the epidemiological evidence related to the burden of hospital-acquired (HA) and ICU-acquired (ICU-A) sepsis. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Global Index Medicus from 01/2000 to 03/2018. We included studies conducted hospital-wide or in intensive care units (ICUs), including neonatal units (NICUs), with data on the incidence/prevalence of HA and ICU-A sepsis and the proportion of community and hospital/ICU origin. We did random-effects meta-analyses to obtain pooled estimates; inter-study heterogeneity and risk of bias were assessed. RESULTS Of the 13,239 studies identified, 51 met the inclusion criteria; 22 were from low- and middle-income countries. Twenty-eight studies were conducted in ICUs, 13 in NICUs, and ten hospital-wide. The proportion of HA sepsis among all hospital-treated sepsis cases was 23.6% (95% CI 17-31.8%, range 16-36.4%). In the ICU, 24.4% (95% CI 16.7-34.2%, range 10.3-42.5%) of cases of sepsis with organ dysfunction were acquired during ICU stay and 48.7% (95% CI 38.3-59.3%, range 18.7-69.4%) had a hospital origin. The pooled hospital incidence of HA sepsis with organ dysfunction per 1000 patients was 9.3 (95% CI 7.3-11.9, range 2-20.6)). In the ICU, the pooled incidence of HA sepsis with organ dysfunction per 1000 patients was 56.5 (95% CI 35-90.2, range 9.2-254.4) and it was particularly high in NICUs. Mortality of ICU patients with HA sepsis with organ dysfunction was 52.3% (95% CI 43.4-61.1%, range 30.1-64.6%). There was a significant inter-study heterogeneity. Risk of bias was low to moderate in ICU-based studies and moderate to high in hospital-wide and NICU studies. CONCLUSION HA sepsis is of major public health importance, and the burden is particularly high in ICUs. There is an urgent need to improve the implementation of global and local infection prevention and management strategies to reduce its high burden among hospitalized patients.
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Associations between Chronotype, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Sexual Opinion among University Students. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061900. [PMID: 32604818 PMCID: PMC7353170 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A person's chronotype determines different habits, among which are eating and physical activity. Furthermore, at the university stage, social and organisational factors have a direct effect on students' daily attitudes and habits. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is linked to better sleep quality and less social jet lag, but association with chronotype or sexual opinion remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between chronotype, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and sexual opinion. A multicentre observational study enrolled 457 students, from the University of Castilla-La Mancha and the University of Cordoba. Sociodemographic data and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, chronotype, physical activity, and sexual opinion were collected with validated questionnaires. The study period was from December 2017 to January 2018. Our results reported that students with an evening chronotype (E-type), with evening preferences, had a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet and showed a higher tendency towards erotophilia. E-type students reported a significantly lower intake of fruits, vegetables, pulses, cereals, and olive oil, and higher breakfast skipping. Therefore, among the measures to promote healthy habits (obesity prevention, sexual education, socialisation, etc.), chronotype and an analysis of the impact of the schedules established by the universities must be considered.
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Scamardo MS, Dolce P, Esposito EP, Raimondi F, Triassi M, Zarrilli R. Trends, risk factors and outcomes of healthcare-associated infections in a neonatal intensive care unit in Italy during 2013-2017. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:34. [PMID: 32183842 PMCID: PMC7079437 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-0799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur frequently in intensive care units (NICUs). The aim of this study was to analyze the results of surveillance of HAIs in a III level NICU in Naples, Italy during 2013–2017 and to compare with those obtained during 2006–2010. Methods The surveillance included 1265 neonates of all birth weight (BW) classes with > 2 days NICU stay. Infections were defined using standard Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions adapted to neonatal pathology. Results A total of 125 HAIs were registered during 2013–2017 with a frequency of 9.9% and an incidence density of 3.2 per 1000 patient days. HAIs occurred in all BW classes with a decreasing trend from the lowest to the highest BW classes (p = < 0.001). Central line-associated blood stream infection (CLABSI) was the most frequent infection (69.6%), followed by ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (20%), urinary tract infection (UTI) (8.8%) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (1.6%). Also, CLABSI and VAP incidence density decreased from lower to highest BW classes showing a significant trend (p = 0.007). Most frequent pathogens responsible for CLABSI were: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) (25.3%), Candida parapsilosis (21.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.7), Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.8%). No microbiological diagnosis was achieved for 20.7% of CLABSI. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (20%), and CONS (20%) were the most frequent pathogens responsible for VAP. CLABSI incidence density showed no differences between 2006 and 2010 and 2013–2017, while VAP incidence density for the 751–100 g BW class was higher during 2006–2010 than during 2013–2017 (p = 0.006). A higher incidence of the CLABSI caused by Gram positive bacteria (p = 0.002) or by undetermined etiology (p = 0.01) was observed during 2013–2017 than during 2006–2010, while a significant lower incidence of VAP caused by Gram-negative bacteria was found during 2013–2017 than during 2006–2010 (p = 0.007). Conclusion HAIs in the NICU developed in all BW classes with a decreasing trend from the lowest to the highest BW classes in both study periods. Differences in the aetiology of CLABSI and VAP were found between the two study periods. This reinforces the importance of HAIs surveillance protocol in the NICU, which monitors microbiological isolates and use of medical devices for all BW classes of neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Silvia Scamardo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini n.5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Dolce
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini n.5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Eliana Pia Esposito
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini n.5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini n.5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Zarrilli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini n.5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Spread of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Hub and Spoke Connected Health-Care Networks: A Case Study from Italy. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010037. [PMID: 31878097 PMCID: PMC7022417 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The study describes the spread of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) in a regional healthcare network in Italy. The project included several stages: (1) Establishment of a laboratory-based regional surveillance network, including all the acute care hospitals of the Marches Region (n = 20). (2) Adoption of a shared protocol for the surveillance of Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms (MDROs). Only the first CRKP isolate for each patient has been included in the surveillance in each hospital. The anonymous tracking of patients, and their subsequent microbial records within the hospital network, allowed detection of networks of inter-hospital exchange of CRKP and its comparison with transfer of patients within the hospital network. Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis has been used to study selected isolates belonging to different hospitals. 371,037 admitted patients have been included in the surveillance system. CRKP has shown an overall incidence rate of 41.0 per 100,000 days of stay (95% confidence interval, CI 38.5–43.5/100,000 DOS), a CRKP incidence rate of isolation in blood of 2.46/100,000 days of stay (95% CI 1.89–3.17/100,000 days of stay (DOS) has been registered; significant variability has been registered in facilities providing different levels of care. The network of CRKP patients’ exchange was correlated to that of the healthcare organization, with some inequalities and the identification of bridges in CRKP transfers. More than 73% of isolates were closely related. Patients’ exchange was an important route of spread of antimicrobial resistance, highlighting the pivotal role played by the hub, and selected institution to be used in prioritizing infection control efforts.
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Rostami H, Khayyatzadeh SS, Tavakoli H, Bagherniya M, Mirmousavi SJ, Farahmand SK, Tayefi M, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. The relationship between adherence to a Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern and insomnia. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:234. [PMID: 31362734 PMCID: PMC6668174 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to a DASH- style diet has been reported to be associated with several health-related outcomes. A limited number of reports suggest that diet is an important behavioral determinant of insomnia. The current study aimed to explore the relationship between adherence to a DASH diet and the prevalence of insomnia in adolescent girls. METHODS A total of 488 adolescent girls aged 12-18 years old were recruited from different regions of Khorasan Razavi in northeastern of Iran, using a random cluster sampling method. DASH scores were determined according to the method of Fung et al. A validated Iranian version of the Insomnia Severity Index questionnaire was used to assess sleep insomnia. To assess the association between the DASH dietary pattern and insomnia, we applied logistic regression analysis in crude and adjusted models. RESULTS As may be expected, participants in the upper quintile of the DASH diet had significantly higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, low fat dairy products, fish and nuts and lower consumption of refined grains, red and processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets. We found that a high adherence to a DASH-style diet was associated with a lower odds of insomnia (OR: 0.51; 95% CI 0.26-1.00) compared with those with lowest adherence. Similar results were found after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS There is an inverse association between adherence to DASH dietary patterns and insomnia. Further prospective studies are required to demonstrate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Rostami
- 0000 0000 9975 294Xgrid.411521.2Health research center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- 0000 0000 9975 294Xgrid.411521.2Health research center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Tavakoli
- 0000 0000 9975 294Xgrid.411521.2Health research center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- 0000 0001 1498 685Xgrid.411036.1Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Jamal Mirmousavi
- 0000 0004 0610 7204grid.412328.eCommunity Medicine, Community Medicine Department, Medical School, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Seyed Kazem Farahmand
- 0000 0001 2198 6209grid.411583.aTraditional Medicine Department, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Tayefi
- 0000 0001 2198 6209grid.411583.aDepartment of Cardiovascular, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Science (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex UK
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 99199-91766, Iran. .,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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