1
|
Vanpouille C, Brichacek B, Pushkarsky T, Dubrovsky L, Fitzgerald W, Mukhamedova N, Garcia‐Hernandez S, Matthies D, Popratiloff A, Sviridov D, Margolis L, Bukrinsky M. HIV-1 Nef is carried on the surface of extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12478. [PMID: 39016173 PMCID: PMC11252832 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication in both health and disease, delivering biologically active molecules from vesicle-producing cells to recipient cells. In the context of HIV infection, EVs have been shown to carry the viral protein Nef, a key pathogenic factor associated with HIV-related co-morbidities. Despite this recognition, the specific localisation of Nef within the vesicles has remained elusive. This study addresses this critical knowledge gap by investigating Nef-containing EVs. Less than 1% of the total released Nef was associated with EVs; most Nef existed as free protein released by damaged cells. Nevertheless, activity of EV-associated Nef in downregulating the major cholesterol transporter ABCA1, a critical aspect linked to the pathogenic effects of Nef, was comparable to that of free Nef present in the supernatant. Through a series of biochemical and microscopic assays, we demonstrate that the majority of EV-associated Nef molecules are localised on the external surface of the vesicles. This distinctive distribution prompts the consideration of Nef-containing EVs as potential targets for immunotherapeutic interventions aimed at preventing or treating HIV-associated co-morbidities. In conclusion, our results shed light on the localisation and functional activity of Nef within EVs, providing valuable insights for the development of targeted immunotherapies to mitigate the impact of HIV-associated co-morbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Vanpouille
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Beda Brichacek
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical MedicineThe George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Tatiana Pushkarsky
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical MedicineThe George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Larisa Dubrovsky
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical MedicineThe George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Wendy Fitzgerald
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | | | - Sofia Garcia‐Hernandez
- Nanofabrication and Imaging CenterThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Doreen Matthies
- Unit on Structural Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Anastas Popratiloff
- Nanofabrication and Imaging CenterThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Dmitri Sviridov
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and MedicineIlia State UniversityTbilisiRepublic of Georgia
| | - Michael Bukrinsky
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical MedicineThe George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang S, Lu Y, Sun F, Qin Y, Harypursat V, Deng R, Zhang G, Chen Y, Wang T. Transcriptomic crosstalk between viral and host factors drives aberrant homeostasis of T-cell proliferation and cell death in HIV-infected immunological non-responders. J Infect 2024; 88:106151. [PMID: 38582127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunological non-responders (INRs) among people living with HIV have inherently higher mortality and morbidity rates. The underlying immunological mechanisms whereby failure of immune reconstitution occurs in INRs require elucidation. METHOD HIV-1 DNA and HIV-1 cell-associated RNA (CA-HIV RNA) quantifications were conducted via RT-qPCR. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), bioinformatics, and biological verifications were performed to discern the crosstalk between host and viral factors. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze cellular activation, proliferation, and death. RESULTS HIV-1 DNA and CA-HIV RNA levels were observed to be significantly higher in INRs compared to immunological responders (IRs). Evaluation of CD4/CD8 ratios showed a significantly negative correlation with HIV-1 DNA in IRs, but not in INRs. Bioinformatics analyses and biological verifications showed IRF7/INF-α regulated antiviral response was intensified in INRs. PBMCs of INRs expressed significantly more HIV integrase-mRNA (p31) than IRs. Resting (CD4+CD69- T-cells) and activated (CD4+CD69+ T-cells) HIV-1 reservoir harboring cells were significantly higher in INRs, with the co-occurrence of significantly higher cellular proliferation and cell death in CD4+ T-cells of INRs. CONCLUSION In INRs, the systematic crosstalk between the HIV-1 reservoir and host cells tends to maintain a persistent antiviral response-associated inflammatory environment, which drives aberrant cellular activation, proliferation, and death of CD4+ T-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengquan Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, 109 Baoyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Yanqiu Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, 109 Baoyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, 109 Baoyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, 109 Baoyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Vijay Harypursat
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, 109 Baoyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Renni Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, 109 Baoyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, 109 Baoyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400036, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paul R, Apornpong T, Prasitsuebsai W, Puthanakit T, Saphonn V, Aurpibul L, Kosalaraksa P, Kanjanavanit S, Luesomboon W, Ngampiyaskul C, Suwanlerk T, Chettra K, Shearer WT, Valcour V, Ananworanich J, Kerr S. Cognition, Emotional Health, and Immunological Markers in Children With Long-Term Nonprogressive HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2018; 77:417-426. [PMID: 29303843 PMCID: PMC5825279 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-infected children with long-term nonprogressive (LTNP) disease eventually convert to a progressive disease type, yet the extent to which these children experience the cognitive and emotional symptoms observed in typical progressive HIV (Progressors) is unknown. METHODS Eighty-eight LTNPs, 53 Progressors, and 323 healthy controls completed annual assessments of cognitive and emotional health as part of a prospective study. The 2 HIV-infected groups and the healthy controls were matched on age and sex distribution at enrollment. Plasma HIV RNA, T-cell counts/percentages, activated monocytes, perivascular monocytes, and markers of macrophage activation (sCD163 and sCD14) were compared by progression subtype. Cognitive and emotional outcomes were compared using cross-sectional linear regression analysis and longitudinal sensitivity models. RESULTS LTNPs exhibited the same cognitive phenotype and emotional dysregulation as Progressors, with worse outcomes in both groups compared with controls. In addition, cognitive and emotional symptoms were evident before children reached the minimum age for LTNP designation (8 years). Baseline plasma HIV RNA, sCD163, activated monocytes, and perivascular monocytes were lower in LTNPs versus Progressors, with no difference in T-cell counts/percentages or sCD14 levels. Most LTNPs converted to a progressive disease subtype during the study, with similar cognitive and emotion profiles between these subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric LTNPs experience cognitive and emotional difficulties that mirror symptoms of progressive disease. The abnormalities are present at young ages and persist independent of plasma T-cell counts. The findings highlight the neurodevelopmental risk of pediatric HIV, even in those with early innate disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Paul
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri-St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tanakorn Apornpong
- HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand (HIV-NAT) Research Collaboration, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wasana Prasitsuebsai
- HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand (HIV-NAT) Research Collaboration, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyawee Puthanakit
- HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand (HIV-NAT) Research Collaboration, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Pope Kosalaraksa
- Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Victor Valcour
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand (HIV-NAT) Research Collaboration, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen Kerr
- HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand (HIV-NAT) Research Collaboration, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kadkhodayan S, Jafarzade BS, Sadat SM, Motevalli F, Agi E, Bolhassani A. Combination of cell penetrating peptides and heterologous DNA prime/protein boost strategy enhances immune responses against HIV-1 Nef antigen in BALB/c mouse model. Immunol Lett 2017; 188:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
5
|
Chen YS. A comprehensive identification-evidence based alternative for HIV/AIDS treatment with HAART in the healthcare industries. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 131:111-126. [PMID: 27265053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The HIV/AIDS-related issue has given rise to a priority concern in which potential new therapies are increasingly highlighted to lessen the negative impact of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in the healthcare industry. With the motivation of "medical applications," this study focuses on the main advanced feature selection techniques and classification approaches that reflect a new architecture, and a trial to build a hybrid model for interested parties. METHODS This study first uses an integrated linear-nonlinear feature selection technique to identify the determinants influencing HAART medication and utilizes organizations of different condition-attributes to generate a hybrid model based on a rough set classifier to study evolving HIV/AIDS research in order to improve classification performance. RESULTS The proposed model makes use of a real data set from Taiwan's specialist medical center. The experimental results show that the proposed model yields a satisfactory result that is superior to the listed methods, and the core condition-attributes PVL, CD4, Code, Age, Year, PLT, and Sex were identified in the HIV/AIDS data set. In addition, the decision rule set created can be referenced as a knowledge-based healthcare service system as the best of evidence-based practices in the workflow of current clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of these key factors and provides the rationale that the proposed model is an effective alternative to analyzing sustained HAART medication in follow-up studies of HIV/AIDS treatment in practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Shyang Chen
- Department of Information Management, Hwa Hsia University of Technology, 111, Gongzhuan Rd., Zhonghe Dist., New Taipei City 235, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
HIV-1 strategies to overcome the immune system by evading and invading innate immune system. HIV & AIDS REVIEW 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hivar.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
7
|
Abdollahi A, Saffar H. The Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Infants and Children. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 11:89-96. [PMID: 27499768 PMCID: PMC4939637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that the number of HIV infected children globally has increased from 1.6 million in 2001 to 3.3 million in 2012. The number of children below 15 years of age living with HIV has increased worldwide. Published data from recent studies confirmed dramatic survival benefit for infants started anti-retroviral therapy (ART) as early as possible after diagnosis of HI. Early confirmation of HIV diagnosis is required in order to identify infants who need immediate ART. WHO has designed recommendations to improve programs for both early diagnoses of HIV infection and considering ART whenever indicated? It is strongly recommended that HIV virologocal assays for diagnosis of HIV have sensitivity of at least 95% and ideally greater than 98% and specificity of 98% or more under standardized and validated conditions. Timing of virological testing is also important. Infants infected at or around delivery may take short time to have detectable virus. Therefore, sensitivity of virological tests is lower at birth. In utero HIV infection, HIV DNA or RNA can be detected within 48 h of birth and in infants with peripartum acquisition it needs one to two weeks. Finally it is emphasized that all laboratories performing HIV tests should follow available services provided by WHO or CDC for quality assurance programs. Both clinicians and staffs providing laboratory services need regular communications, well-defined SOPs and nationally validated algorithms for optimal use of laboratory tests. Every country should use assays that have been validated by national reference laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Abdollahi
- Dept. of Pathology, Imam Hospital Complex, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Thrombosis Homeostasis Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hana Saffar
- Dept. of Pathology, Imam Hospital Complex, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gallerano D, Cabauatan CR, Sibanda EN, Valenta R. HIV-Specific Antibody Responses in HIV-Infected Patients: From a Monoclonal to a Polyclonal View. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2015; 167:223-41. [PMID: 26414324 DOI: 10.1159/000438484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infections represent a major global health threat, affecting more than 35 million individuals worldwide. High infection rates and problems associated with lifelong antiretroviral treatment emphasize the need for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic immune intervention strategies. It is conceivable that insights for the design of new immunogens capable of eliciting protective immune responses may come from the analysis of HIV-specific antibody responses in infected patients. Using sophisticated technologies, several monoclonal neutralizing antibodies were isolated from HIV-infected individuals. However, the majority of polyclonal antibody responses found in infected patients are nonneutralizing. Comprehensive analyses of the molecular targets of HIV-specific antibody responses identified that during natural infection antibodies are mainly misdirected towards gp120 epitopes outside of the CD4-binding site and against regions and proteins that are not exposed on the surface of the virus. We therefore argue that vaccines aiming to induce protective responses should include engineered immunogens, which are capable of focusing the immune response towards protective epitopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gallerano
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|