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Rahman M, Islam KR, Islam MR, Islam MJ, Kaysir MR, Akter M, Rahman MA, Alam SMM. A Critical Review on the Sensing, Control, and Manipulation of Single Molecules on Optofluidic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:968. [PMID: 35744582 PMCID: PMC9229244 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule techniques have shifted the paradigm of biological measurements from ensemble measurements to probing individual molecules and propelled a rapid revolution in related fields. Compared to ensemble measurements of biomolecules, single-molecule techniques provide a breadth of information with a high spatial and temporal resolution at the molecular level. Usually, optical and electrical methods are two commonly employed methods for probing single molecules, and some platforms even offer the integration of these two methods such as optofluidics. The recent spark in technological advancement and the tremendous leap in fabrication techniques, microfluidics, and integrated optofluidics are paving the way toward low cost, chip-scale, portable, and point-of-care diagnostic and single-molecule analysis tools. This review provides the fundamentals and overview of commonly employed single-molecule methods including optical methods, electrical methods, force-based methods, combinatorial integrated methods, etc. In most single-molecule experiments, the ability to manipulate and exercise precise control over individual molecules plays a vital role, which sometimes defines the capabilities and limits of the operation. This review discusses different manipulation techniques including sorting and trapping individual particles. An insight into the control of single molecules is provided that mainly discusses the recent development of electrical control over single molecules. Overall, this review is designed to provide the fundamentals and recent advancements in different single-molecule techniques and their applications, with a special focus on the detection, manipulation, and control of single molecules on chip-scale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudur Rahman
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Kazi Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Md. Rashedul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Md. Jahirul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Rejvi Kaysir
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Masuma Akter
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Md. Arifur Rahman
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - S. M. Mahfuz Alam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
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Havasi A, Sur D, Cainap SS, Lungulescu CV, Gavrilas LI, Cainap C, Vlad C, Balacescu O. Current and New Challenges in the Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: The Role of miRNA-Based Approaches as New Reliable Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1109. [PMID: 35163032 PMCID: PMC8834851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are rare tumors; however, their incidence greatly increases with age, and they occur more frequently among the elderly. They represent 5% of all pancreatic tumors, and despite the fact that low-grade tumors often have an indolent evolution, they portend a poor prognosis in an advanced stages and undifferentiated tumors. Additionally, functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors greatly impact quality of life due to the various clinical syndromes that result from abnormal hormonal secretion. With limited therapeutic and diagnostic options, patient stratification and selection of optimal therapeutic strategies should be the main focus. Modest improvements in the management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have been achieved in the last years. Therefore, it is imperative to find new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to improve patient survival and quality of life, limiting the disease burden. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous molecules that modulate the expression of thousands of genes and control numerous critical processes involved in tumor development and progression. New data also suggest the implication of miRNAs in treatment resistance and their potential as prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this review, we discusses the current and new challenges in the management of PanNETs, including genetic and epigenetic approaches. Furthermore, we summarize the available data on miRNAs as potential prognostic, predictive, or diagnostic biomarkers and discuss their function as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Havasi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.H.); (C.C.)
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- MedEuropa Radiotherapy Center, 410191 Oradea, Romania
| | - Daniel Sur
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.H.); (C.C.)
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Simona Sorana Cainap
- Department of Mother and Child, Pediatric Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | | | - Laura-Ioana Gavrilas
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Calin Cainap
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.H.); (C.C.)
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Catalin Vlad
- Department of Surgery, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 34–36, Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Oncology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8, Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta’’, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Su S, Li X. Dive into Single, Seek Out Multiple: Probing Cancer Metastases via Single-Cell Sequencing and Imaging Techniques. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1067. [PMID: 33802312 PMCID: PMC7959126 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the cause of most cancer deaths and continues to be the biggest challenge in clinical practice and laboratory investigation. The challenge is largely due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of primary and metastatic tumor populations and the complex interactions among cancer cells and cells in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it is important to determine the genotype and phenotype of individual cells so that the metastasis-driving events can be precisely identified, understood, and targeted in future therapies. Single-cell sequencing techniques have allowed the direct comparison of the genomic and transcriptomic changes among different stages of metastatic samples. Single-cell imaging approaches have enabled the live visualization of the heterogeneous behaviors of malignant and non-malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment. By applying these technologies, we are achieving a spatiotemporal precision understanding of cancer metastases and clinical therapeutic translations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA;
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Tinganelli W, Durante M. Tumor Hypoxia and Circulating Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249592. [PMID: 33339353 PMCID: PMC7766826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a rare tumor cell subpopulation induced and selected by the tumor microenvironment's extreme conditions. Under hypoxia and starvation, these aggressive and invasive cells are able to invade the lymphatic and circulatory systems. Escaping from the primary tumor, CTCs enter into the bloodstream to form metastatic deposits or re-establish themselves in cancer's primary site. Although radiotherapy is widely used to cure solid malignancies, it can promote metastasis. Radiation can disrupt the primary tumor vasculature, increasing the dissemination of CTCs. Radiation also induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and eliminates suppressive signaling, causing the proliferation of existent, but previously dormant, disseminated tumor cells (DTCs). In this review, we collect the results and evidence underlying the molecular mechanisms of CTCs and DTCs and the effects of radiation and hypoxia in developing these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Tinganelli
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany;
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Iyer A, Gupta K, Sharma S, Hari K, Lee YF, Ramalingam N, Yap YS, West J, Bhagat AA, Subramani BV, Sabuwala B, Tan TZ, Thiery JP, Jolly MK, Ramalingam N, Sengupta D. Integrative Analysis and Machine Learning based Characterization of Single Circulating Tumor Cells. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041206. [PMID: 32331451 PMCID: PMC7230872 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We collated publicly available single-cell expression profiles of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and showed that CTCs across cancers lie on a near-perfect continuum of epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) transition. Integrative analysis of CTC transcriptomes also highlighted the inverse gene expression pattern between PD-L1 and MHC, which is implicated in cancer immunotherapy. We used the CTCs expression profiles in tandem with publicly available peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) transcriptomes to train a classifier that accurately recognizes CTCs of diverse phenotype. Further, we used this classifier to validate circulating breast tumor cells captured using a newly developed microfluidic system for label-free enrichment of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Iyer
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi 110020, India;
| | - Krishan Gupta
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi 110020, India; (K.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Shreya Sharma
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi 110020, India; (K.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Kishore Hari
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; (K.H.); (M.K.J.)
| | - Yi Fang Lee
- Biolidics Limited, 81 Science Park Drive, 02-03 The Chadwick, Singapore 118257, Singapore; (Y.F.L.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Neevan Ramalingam
- Qualcomm Incorporated, 5775 Morehouse Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA;
| | - Yoon Sim Yap
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Dr, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
| | - Jay West
- Fluidigm Corporation, 2 Tower Place, Suite 2000, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Ali Asgar Bhagat
- Biolidics Limited, 81 Science Park Drive, 02-03 The Chadwick, Singapore 118257, Singapore; (Y.F.L.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Balaram Vishnu Subramani
- School of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India;
| | - Burhanuddin Sabuwala
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India;
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health; Guangdong laboratory, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510530, China;
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; (K.H.); (M.K.J.)
| | - Naveen Ramalingam
- Fluidigm Corporation, 2 Tower Place, Suite 2000, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (D.S.); Tel.: +91-11-26907446 (D.S.)
| | - Debarka Sengupta
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi 110020, India;
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi 110020, India; (K.G.); (S.S.)
- Center for Artificial Intelligence, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi 110020, India
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (D.S.); Tel.: +91-11-26907446 (D.S.)
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Mamdouhi T, Twomey JD, McSweeney KM, Zhang B. Fugitives on the run: circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in metastatic diseases. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:297-305. [PMID: 31053984 PMCID: PMC6647404 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the bloodstream signals the existence of a tumor and denotes risk of metastatic spread. CTCs can be isolated and analyzed to monitor cancer progression and therapeutic response. However, CTC isolation devices have shown considerable variation in detection rates, limiting their use as a routine diagnostic and monitoring tool. In this review, we discuss recent advances in CTC detection methodologies and associated clinical studies. We provide perspective on the future direction of CTC isolation and molecular characterization towards developing reliable biomarkers that monitor disease progression or therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Mamdouhi
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Julianne D Twomey
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - K Melodi McSweeney
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Baolin Zhang
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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7
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Tao L, Su L, Yuan C, Ma Z, Zhang L, Bo S, Niu Y, Lu S, Xiu D. Postoperative metastasis prediction based on portal vein circulating tumor cells detected by flow cytometry in periampullary or pancreatic cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:7405-7425. [PMID: 31496801 PMCID: PMC6689556 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s210332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of flow cytometry (FCM) detection of portal vein circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in predicting postoperative metastasis. Methods Samples of portal venous blood and peripheral blood were collected from 39 patients during surgery, and CTCs were detected by FCM, with confirmation by laser confocal microscopy and single-cell sequencing. Results Among all patients, a portal EpCAM+CD45- percentage ≥24.5×10−4 (P=0.06), peripheral EpCAM+CD45- count ≥97/5 mL (P=0.034), peripheral EpCAM+CD45- percentage ≥4.4×10−4 (P=0.042), and CA242≥3.5 U/mL (P=0.027) were significant predictors of metastasis. Further analysis showed that the portal EpCAM+CD45- ratio ≥24.5×10−4 is a predictor of metastasis (P=0.025) in pancreatic cancer after curative resection. Conclusion CTCs detected by FCM in portal venous blood are of significant value for the prediction of postoperative metastasis in pancreatic or periampullary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyuan Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Su
- Medical and Health Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolai Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiping Bo
- Department of Clinical Research, Yikon Genomics Co. Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Niu
- Department of Clinical Research, Yikon Genomics Co. Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Lu
- Department of Clinical Research, Yikon Genomics Co. Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianrong Xiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Späth SS, Marjani SL, Zhang W, Pan X. Characterization of cancer genomic heterogeneity by next-generation sequencing advances precision medicine in cancer treatment. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2018; 1:29-48. [PMID: 30687561 PMCID: PMC6333046 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pby007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease with unique genomic and phenotypic features that differ
between individual patients and even among individual tumor regions. In recent years,
large-scale genomic studies and new next-generation sequencing technologies have uncovered
more scientific details about tumor heterogeneity, with significant implications for the
choice of specific molecular biomarkers and clinical decision making. Genomic
heterogeneity significantly contributes to the generation of a diverse cell population
during tumor development and progression, representing a determining factor for variation
in tumor treatment response. It has been considered a prominent contributor to therapeutic
failure, and increases the likelihood of resistance to future therapies in most common
cancers. The understanding of molecular heterogeneity in cancer is a fundamental component
of precision oncology, enabling the identification of genomic alteration of key genes and
pathways that can be targeted therapeutically. Here, we review the emerging knowledge of
tumor genomics and heterogeneity, as well as potential implications for precision medicine
in cancer treatment and new therapeutic discoveries. An analysis and interpretation of the
TCGA database was included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | | | - Sadie L Marjani
- Department of Biology, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT, USA
| | - Wengeng Zhang
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
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Chen RJ, Kuo HC, Cheng LH, Lee YH, Chang WT, Wang BJ, Wang YJ, Cheng HC. Apoptotic and Nonapoptotic Activities of Pterostilbene against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010287. [PMID: 29346311 PMCID: PMC5796233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death. The outcomes of current therapeutic strategies against cancer often ironically lead to even increased mortality due to the subsequent drug resistance and to metastatic recurrence. Alternative medicines are thus urgently needed. Cumulative evidence has pointed out that pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystilbene, PS) has excellent pharmacological benefits for the prevention and treatment for various types of cancer in their different stages of progression by evoking apoptotic or nonapoptotic anti-cancer activities. In this review article, we first update current knowledge regarding tumor progression toward accomplishment of metastasis. Subsequently, we review current literature regarding the anti-cancer activities of PS. Finally, we provide future perspectives to clinically utilize PS as novel cancer therapeutic remedies. We, therefore, conclude and propose that PS is one ideal alternative medicine to be administered in the diet as a nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jane Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (R.-J.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Hsiao-Che Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (H.-C.K.); (W.-T.C.)
| | - Li-Hsin Cheng
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (R.-J.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (H.-C.K.); (W.-T.C.)
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Bour-Jr Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 707010, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40401, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.W.); (H.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-6-235-3535 (ext. 5804) (Y.-J.W.); +886-6-235-3535 (ext. 5544) (H.-C.C.); Fax: +886-6-275-2484 (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Hung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (H.-C.K.); (W.-T.C.)
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.W.); (H.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-6-235-3535 (ext. 5804) (Y.-J.W.); +886-6-235-3535 (ext. 5544) (H.-C.C.); Fax: +886-6-275-2484 (Y.-J.W.)
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10
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Huang Q, Wang Y, Chen X, Wang Y, Li Z, Du S, Wang L, Chen S. Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for Early Cancer Diagnosis Using Circulating Tumor Cells as a Liquid Biopsy. Nanotheranostics 2018; 2:21-41. [PMID: 29291161 PMCID: PMC5743836 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.22091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that shed from a primary tumor and circulate in the bloodstream. As a form of “tumor liquid biopsy”, CTCs provide important information for the mechanistic investigation of cancer metastasis and the measurement of tumor genotype evolution during treatment and disease progression. However, the extremely low abundance of CTCs in the peripheral blood and the heterogeneity of CTCs make their isolation and characterization major technological challenges. Recently, nanotechnologies have been developed for sensitive CTC detection; such technologies will enable better cell and molecular characterization and open up a wide range of clinical applications, including early disease detection and evaluation of treatment response and disease progression. In this review, we summarize the nanotechnology-based strategies for CTC isolation, including representative nanomaterials (such as magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, silicon nanopillars, nanowires, nanopillars, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, quantum dots, and graphene oxide) and microfluidic chip technologies that incorporate nanoroughened surfaces and discuss their key challenges and perspectives in CTC downstream analyses, such as protein expression and genetic mutations that may reflect tumor aggressiveness and patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shiming Du
- Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Lianrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Brain Center, Zhongnan Hospital, and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Schissler AG, Li Q, Chen JL, Kenost C, Achour I, Billheimer DD, Li H, Piegorsch WW, Lussier YA. Analysis of aggregated cell-cell statistical distances within pathways unveils therapeutic-resistance mechanisms in circulating tumor cells. Bioinformatics 2017; 32:i80-i89. [PMID: 27307648 PMCID: PMC4908332 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION As 'omics' biotechnologies accelerate the capability to contrast a myriad of molecular measurements from a single cell, they also exacerbate current analytical limitations for detecting meaningful single-cell dysregulations. Moreover, mRNA expression alone lacks functional interpretation, limiting opportunities for translation of single-cell transcriptomic insights to precision medicine. Lastly, most single-cell RNA-sequencing analytic approaches are not designed to investigate small populations of cells such as circulating tumor cells shed from solid tumors and isolated from patient blood samples. RESULTS In response to these characteristics and limitations in current single-cell RNA-sequencing methodology, we introduce an analytic framework that models transcriptome dynamics through the analysis of aggregated cell-cell statistical distances within biomolecular pathways. Cell-cell statistical distances are calculated from pathway mRNA fold changes between two cells. Within an elaborate case study of circulating tumor cells derived from prostate cancer patients, we develop analytic methods of aggregated distances to identify five differentially expressed pathways associated to therapeutic resistance. Our aggregation analyses perform comparably with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and better than differentially expressed genes followed by gene set enrichment. However, these methods were not designed to inform on differential pathway expression for a single cell. As such, our framework culminates with the novel aggregation method, cell-centric statistics (CCS). CCS quantifies the effect size and significance of differentially expressed pathways for a single cell of interest. Improved rose plots of differentially expressed pathways in each cell highlight the utility of CCS for therapeutic decision-making. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION http://www.lussierlab.org/publications/CCS/ CONTACT: yves@email.arizona.edu or piegorsch@math.arizona.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grant Schissler
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics (CB2) Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics Department of Medicine BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Qike Li
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics (CB2) Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics Department of Medicine BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - James L Chen
- Division of Bioinformatics, Departments of Biomedical Informatics Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Colleen Kenost
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics (CB2) Department of Medicine BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Ikbel Achour
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics (CB2) Department of Medicine BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - D Dean Billheimer
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics (CB2) Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Haiquan Li
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics (CB2) Department of Medicine BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Walter W Piegorsch
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Yves A Lussier
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics (CB2) Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics Department of Medicine BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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12
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Vu TQ, de Castro RMB, Qin L. Bridging the gap: microfluidic devices for short and long distance cell-cell communication. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1009-1023. [PMID: 28205652 PMCID: PMC5473339 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01367h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is a crucial component of many biological functions. For example, understanding how immune cells and cancer cells interact, both at the immunological synapse and through cytokine secretion, can help us understand and improve cancer immunotherapy. The study of how cells communicate and form synaptic connections is important in neuroscience, ophthalmology, and cancer research. But in order to increase our understanding of these cellular phenomena, better tools need to be developed that allow us to study cell-cell communication in a highly controlled manner. Some technical requirements for better communication studies include manipulating cells spatiotemporally, high resolution imaging, and integrating sensors. Microfluidics is a powerful platform that has the ability to address these requirements and other current limitations. In this review, we describe some new advances in microfluidic technologies that have provided researchers with novel methods to study intercellular communication. The advantages of microfluidics have allowed for new capabilities in both single cell-cell communication and population-based communication. This review highlights microfluidic communication devices categorized as "short distance", or primarily at the single cell level, and "long distance", which mostly encompasses population level studies. Future directions and translation/commercialization will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Quang Vu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA and Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ricardo Miguel Bessa de Castro
- College of Engineering, Swansea University Singleton Park, Swansea, UK and Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Lidong Qin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA. and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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13
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Zhong GX, Feng SD, Shen R, Wu ZY, Chen F, Zhu X. The clinical significance of the Ezrin gene and circulating tumor cells in osteosarcoma. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:527-533. [PMID: 28223819 PMCID: PMC5308564 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s125589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of an osteosarcoma and the Ezrin gene expressed in CTCs. Patients and methods CTC enrichment was done with CanPatrol™ CTC enrichment technique in 41 patients with osteosarcoma. The characterization of CTCs was performed using a multiple messenger RNA in situ analysis (MRIA). The expression of the Ezrin gene in CTCs was detected by RNA probe technology. The correlations of CTC counts, cell type and the expression level of the Ezrin gene with clinical stage and metastasis of osteosarcoma were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software. Results The CTC counts correlated significantly with Enneking stage (P<0.001). The ratio of mesenchymal CTCs correlated with the distant metastases (P<0.001). Ezrin gene expression in CTCs correlated significantly with distant metastases (χ2=152.51, P=0.000). Conclusion The ratio of mesenchymal CTCs in the peripheral blood of osteosarcoma correlates with distant metastases. High expression of Ezrin gene in CTCs correlates with distant metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shao-Dan Feng
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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14
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Babahosseini H, Strobl JS, Agah M. Microfluidic Iterative Mechanical Characteristics (iMECH) Analyzer for Single-Cell Metastatic Identification. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2017; 9:847-855. [PMID: 29034007 PMCID: PMC5637398 DOI: 10.1039/c6ay03342c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the development of a microfluidic biosensor called the iterative mechanical characteristics (iMECH) analyzer which enables label-free biomechanical profiling of individual cells for distinction between metastatic and non-metastatic human mammary cell lines. Previous results have demonstrated that pulsed mechanical nanoindentation can modulate the biomechanics of cells resulting in distinctly different biomechanical responses in metastatic and non-metastatic cell lines. The iMECH analyzer aims to move this concept into a microfluidic, clinically more relevant platform. The iMECH analyzer directs a cyclic deformation regimen by pulling cells through a test channel comprised of narrow deformation channels and interspersed with wider relaxation regions which together simulate a dynamic microenvironment. The results of the iMECH analysis of human breast cell lines revealed that cyclic deformations produce a resistance in non-metastatic 184A1 and MCF10A cells as determined by a drop in their average velocity in the iterative deformation channels after each relaxation. In contrast, metastatic MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells exhibit a loss of resistance as measured by a velocity raise after each relaxation. These distinctive modulatory mechanical responses of normal-like non-metastatic and metastatic cancer breast cells to the pulsed indentations paradigm provide a unique bio-signature. The iMECH analyzer represents a diagnostic microchip advance for discriminating metastatic cancer at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Babahosseini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, US
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, US
| | - Jeannine S. Strobl
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, US
| | - Masoud Agah
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, US
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15
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Wu Y, Park KJJ, Deighan C, Amaya P, Miller B, Pan Q, Zborowski M, Lustberg M, Chalmers J. Multiparameter Evaluation of the Heterogeneity of Circulating Tumor Cells Using Integrated RNA In Situ Hybridization and Immunocytochemical Analysis. Front Oncol 2016; 6:234. [PMID: 27878106 PMCID: PMC5099140 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are routinely identified as cytokeratin (CK)-positive, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-positive, and CD45-negative and are enriched based on EpCAM. However, there are a number of methodological challenges regarding both isolation and characterization of these rare CTCs including downregulation or absence of EpCAM in a variety of solid tumors leading to the omission of subpopulations of CTCs, difficulties in analyzing RNA and protein targets in CTCs due to the rarity of these cells, and low levels of targets and technological limitations of visualizing the targets of interest on each individual cell. Building on our previous CTC research on CD45-based negative magnetic separation and four-color fluorescent immunocytochemical (ICC) staining, RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) was applied to fluorescently target mRNA sequences corresponding to tumor-related genes at the single CTC level. Multiple categories of markers are targeted including CK, human epidermal growth factor receptor family markers, Hedgehog pathway markers, human papillomavirus markers, and protein arginine methyltransferase 5. In addition, an integrated method of RNA ISH and fluorescent ICC staining was developed to visualize CTCs on both mRNA and protein levels. The robustness of the integrated co-ICC and RNA ISH staining was demonstrated by a series of tests on representative tumor markers of different categories. The integrated staining can incorporate the advantages of both RNA ISH and fluorescent ICC staining and provide more intense signals and more specific bindings. With this integrated staining methodology, distinct staining patterns were applied in this report to facilitate the searching and characterization of rare subgroups of CTCs. These results support the existence of diverse groups of CTCs at both protein and mRNA transcript levels and provide an analytical tool for the research on CTCs of rare subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Wu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Kyoung-Joo Jenny Park
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Clayton Deighan
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Peter Amaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Brandon Miller
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Quintin Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Maciej Zborowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Maryam Lustberg
- Breast Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Cancer Hospital, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center , Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Jeffery Chalmers
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Analytical Cytometry Shared Resource, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Calabuig-Fariñas S, Jantus-Lewintre E, Herreros-Pomares A, Camps C. Circulating tumor cells versus circulating tumor DNA in lung cancer-which one will win? Transl Lung Cancer Res 2016; 5:466-482. [PMID: 27826528 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2016.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies appear to be a reliable alternative to conventional biopsies that can provide both precise molecular data useful for improving the clinical management of lung cancer patients as well as a less invasive way of monitoring tumor behavior. These advances are supported by important biotechnological developments in the fields of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Analysis of CTCs and ctDNA may be useful in treatment selection, for response monitoring, and in studying resistance mechanisms. This review focuses on the most recent technological achievements and the most relevant clinical applications for lung cancer patients in the CTC and ctDNA fields, highlighting those that are already (or are close to) being implemented in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, General University Hospital Research Foundation, University General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;; Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eloísa Jantus-Lewintre
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, General University Hospital Research Foundation, University General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;; Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Herreros-Pomares
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, General University Hospital Research Foundation, University General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;; Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Camps
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, General University Hospital Research Foundation, University General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain;; Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain;; Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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