1
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Zhang X, Thomas GM. Recruitment, regulation, and release: Control of signaling enzyme localization and function by reversible S-acylation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107696. [PMID: 39168183 PMCID: PMC11417247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
An ever-growing number of studies highlight the importance of S-acylation, a reversible protein-lipid modification, for diverse aspects of intracellular signaling. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how S-acylation regulates perhaps the best-known class of signaling enzymes, protein kinases. We describe how S-acylation acts as a membrane targeting signal that localizes certain kinases to specific membranes, and how such membrane localization in turn facilitates the assembly of signaling hubs consisting of an S-acylated kinase's upstream activators and/or downstream targets. We further discuss recent findings that S-acylation can control additional aspects of the function of certain kinases, including their interactions and, surprisingly, their activity, and how such regulation might be exploited for potential therapeutic gain. We go on to describe the roles and regulation of de-S-acylases and how extracellular signals drive dynamic (de)S-acylation of certain kinases. We discuss how S-acylation has the potential to lead to "emergent properties" that alter the temporal profile and/or salience of intracellular signaling events. We close by giving examples of other S-acylation-dependent classes of signaling enzymes and by discussing how recent biological and technological advances should facilitate future studies into the functional roles of S-acylation-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Neural Sciences, Center for Neural Development and Repair, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gareth M Thomas
- Department of Neural Sciences, Center for Neural Development and Repair, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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2
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Zheng Y, Chen J, Macwan V, Dixon CL, Li X, Liu S, Yu Y, Xu P, Sun Q, Hu Q, Liu W, Raught B, Fairn GD, Neculai D. S-acylation of ATGL is required for lipid droplet homoeostasis in hepatocytes. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1549-1565. [PMID: 39143266 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01085-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles specialized in the storage of neutral lipids, cholesterol esters and triglycerides, thereby protecting cells from the toxicity of excess lipids while allowing for the mobilization of lipids in times of nutrient deprivation. Defects in LD function are associated with many diseases. S-acylation mediated by zDHHC acyltransferases modifies thousands of proteins, yet the physiological impact of this post-translational modification on individual proteins is poorly understood. Here, we show that zDHHC11 regulates LD catabolism by modifying adipose triacylglyceride lipase (ATGL), the rate-limiting enzyme of lipolysis, both in hepatocyte cultures and in mice. zDHHC11 S-acylates ATGL at cysteine 15. Preventing the S-acylation of ATGL renders it catalytically inactive despite proper localization. Overexpression of zDHHC11 reduces LD size, whereas its elimination enlarges LDs. Mutating ATGL cysteine 15 phenocopies zDHHC11 loss, causing LD accumulation, defective lipolysis and lipophagy. Our results reveal S-acylation as a mode of regulation of ATGL function and LD homoeostasis. Modulating this pathway may offer therapeutic potential for treating diseases linked to defective lipolysis, such as fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zheng
- Center for Metabolism Research, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Jishun Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Vinitha Macwan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charneal L Dixon
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Xinran Li
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Liu
- Westlake AI Therapeutics Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyun Yu
- Center for Metabolism Research, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Pinglong Xu
- Life Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- Center for Metabolism Research, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Westlake AI Therapeutics Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Center for Metabolism Research, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China.
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Dante Neculai
- Center for Metabolism Research, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China.
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3
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Caya-Bissonnette L, Béïque JC. Half a century legacy of long-term potentiation. Curr Biol 2024; 34:R640-R662. [PMID: 38981433 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
In 1973, two papers from Bliss and Lømo and from Bliss and Gardner-Medwin reported that high-frequency synaptic stimulation in the dentate gyrus of rabbits resulted in a long-lasting increase in synaptic strength. This form of synaptic plasticity, commonly referred to as long-term potentiation (LTP), was immediately considered as an attractive mechanism accounting for the ability of the brain to store information. In this historical piece looking back over the past 50 years, we discuss how these two landmark contributions directly motivated a colossal research effort and detail some of the resulting milestones that have shaped our evolving understanding of the molecular and cellular underpinnings of LTP. We highlight the main features of LTP, cover key experiments that defined its induction and expression mechanisms, and outline the evidence supporting a potential role of LTP in learning and memory. We also briefly explore some ramifications of LTP on network stability, consider current limitations of LTP as a model of associative memory, and entertain future research orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Caya-Bissonnette
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Ottawa, 451 ch. Smyth Road (3501N), Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute's Centre for Neural Dynamics and Artificial Intelligence, 451 ch. Smyth Road (3501N), Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 ch. Smyth Road (3501N), Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Béïque
- Brain and Mind Research Institute's Centre for Neural Dynamics and Artificial Intelligence, 451 ch. Smyth Road (3501N), Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 ch. Smyth Road (3501N), Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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4
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Ripoli C, Dagliyan O, Renna P, Pastore F, Paciello F, Sollazzo R, Rinaudo M, Battistoni M, Martini S, Tramutola A, Sattin A, Barone E, Saneyoshi T, Fellin T, Hayashi Y, Grassi C. Engineering memory with an extrinsically disordered kinase. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1110. [PMID: 37967196 PMCID: PMC10651130 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity plays a crucial role in memory formation by regulating the communication between neurons. Although actin polymerization has been linked to synaptic plasticity and dendritic spine stability, the causal link between actin polymerization and memory encoding has not been identified yet. It is not clear whether actin polymerization and structural changes in dendritic spines are a driver or a consequence of learning and memory. Using an extrinsically disordered form of the protein kinase LIMK1, which rapidly and precisely acts on ADF/cofilin, a direct modifier of actin, we induced long-term enlargement of dendritic spines and enhancement of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus on command. The activation of extrinsically disordered LIMK1 in vivo improved memory encoding and slowed cognitive decline in aged mice exhibiting reduced cofilin phosphorylation. The engineered memory by an extrinsically disordered LIMK1 supports a direct causal link between actin-mediated synaptic transmission and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Ripoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Onur Dagliyan
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pietro Renna
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pastore
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Paciello
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Raimondo Sollazzo
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Rinaudo
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Battistoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Martini
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sattin
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Takeo Saneyoshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tommaso Fellin
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Yasunori Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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5
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Caya-Bissonnette L, Béïque JC. Low throughput screening in neuroscience: using light to study central synapses one at a time. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:044407. [PMID: 37881180 PMCID: PMC10594030 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.4.044407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Neurophotonic approaches have fostered substantial progress in our understanding of the brain by providing an assortment of means to either monitor or manipulate neural processes. Among these approaches, the development of two-photon uncaging provides a useful and flexible approach to manipulate the activity of individual synapses. In this short piece, we explore how this technique has emerged at the intersection of chemistry, optics, and electrophysiology to enable spatially and temporally precise photoactivation for studying functional aspects of synaptic transmission and dendritic integration. We discuss advantages and limitations of this approach, focusing on our efforts to study several functional aspects of glutamate receptors using uncaging of glutamate. Among other advancements, this approach has contributed to further our understanding of the subcellular regulation, trafficking, and biophysical features of glutamate receptors (e.g., desensitization and silent synapse regulation), the dynamics of spine calcium, and the integrative features of dendrites, and how these functions are altered by several forms of plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Caya-Bissonnette
- University of Ottawa’s Brain and Mind Research Institute and Centre of Neural Dynamics, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Béïque
- University of Ottawa’s Brain and Mind Research Institute and Centre of Neural Dynamics, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Hernandez LM, Montersino A, Niu J, Guo S, Faezov B, Sanders SS, Dunbrack RL, Thomas GM. Palmitoylation-dependent control of JAK1 kinase signaling governs responses to neuropoietic cytokines and survival in DRG neurons. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104965. [PMID: 37356718 PMCID: PMC10413081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus Kinase-1 (JAK1) plays key roles during neurodevelopment and following neuronal injury, while activatory JAK1 mutations are linked to leukemia. In mice, Jak1 genetic deletion results in perinatal lethality, suggesting non-redundant roles and/or regulation of JAK1 for which other JAKs cannot compensate. Proteomic studies reveal that JAK1 is more likely palmitoylated compared to other JAKs, implicating palmitoylation as a possible JAK1-specific regulatory mechanism. However, the importance of palmitoylation for JAK1 signaling has not been addressed. Here, we report that JAK1 is palmitoylated in transfected HEK293T cells and endogenously in cultured Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) neurons. We further use comprehensive screening in transfected non-neuronal cells and shRNA-mediated knockdown in DRG neurons to identify the related enzymes ZDHHC3 and ZDHHC7 as dominant protein acyltransferases (PATs) for JAK1. Surprisingly, we found palmitoylation minimally affects JAK1 localization in neurons, but is critical for JAK1's kinase activity in cells and even in vitro. We propose this requirement is likely because palmitoylation facilitates transphosphorylation of key sites in JAK1's activation loop, a possibility consistent with structural models of JAK1. Importantly, we demonstrate a leukemia-associated JAK1 mutation overrides the palmitoylation-dependence of JAK1 activity, potentially explaining why this mutation is oncogenic. Finally, we show that JAK1 palmitoylation is important for neuropoietic cytokine-dependent signaling and neuronal survival and that combined Zdhhc3/7 loss phenocopies loss of palmitoyl-JAK1. These findings provide new insights into the control of JAK signaling in both physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiselys M Hernandez
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Audrey Montersino
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jingwen Niu
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shuchi Guo
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bulat Faezov
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Shaun S Sanders
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roland L Dunbrack
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gareth M Thomas
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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7
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Koropouli E, Wang Q, Mejías R, Hand R, Wang T, Ginty DD, Kolodkin AL. Palmitoylation regulates neuropilin-2 localization and function in cortical neurons and conveys specificity to semaphorin signaling via palmitoyl acyltransferases. eLife 2023; 12:e83217. [PMID: 37010951 PMCID: PMC10069869 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted semaphorin 3F (Sema3F) and semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) exhibit remarkably distinct effects on deep layer excitatory cortical pyramidal neurons; Sema3F mediates dendritic spine pruning, whereas Sema3A promotes the elaboration of basal dendrites. Sema3F and Sema3A signal through distinct holoreceptors that include neuropilin-2 (Nrp2)/plexinA3 (PlexA3) and neuropilin-1 (Nrp1)/PlexA4, respectively. We find that Nrp2 and Nrp1 are S-palmitoylated in cortical neurons and that palmitoylation of select Nrp2 cysteines is required for its proper subcellular localization, cell surface clustering, and also for Sema3F/Nrp2-dependent dendritic spine pruning in cortical neurons, both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we show that the palmitoyl acyltransferase ZDHHC15 is required for Nrp2 palmitoylation and Sema3F/Nrp2-dependent dendritic spine pruning, but it is dispensable for Nrp1 palmitoylation and Sema3A/Nrp1-dependent basal dendritic elaboration. Therefore, palmitoyl acyltransferase-substrate specificity is essential for establishing compartmentalized neuronal structure and functional responses to extrinsic guidance cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Koropouli
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Qiang Wang
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Rebeca Mejías
- Department of Physiology,University of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | - Randal Hand
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Tao Wang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - David D Ginty
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Alex L Kolodkin
- The Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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8
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Tahtamouni L, Alzghoul A, Alderfer S, Sun J, Ahram M, Prasad A, Bamburg J. The role of activated androgen receptor in cofilin phospho-regulation depends on the molecular subtype of TNBC cell line and actin assembly dynamics. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279746. [PMID: 36584207 PMCID: PMC9803305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly metastatic and of poor prognosis. Metastasis involves coordinated actin filament dynamics mediated by cofilin and associated proteins. Activated androgen receptor (AR) is believed to contribute to TNBC tumorigenesis. Our current work studied roles of activated AR and cofilin phospho-regulation during migration of three AR+ TNBC cell lines to determine if altered cofilin regulation can explain their migratory differences. Untreated or AR agonist-treated BT549, MDA-MB-453, and SUM159PT cells were compared to cells silenced for cofilin (KD) or AR expression/function (bicalutamide). Cofilin-1 was found to be the only ADF/cofilin isoform expressed in each TNBC line. Despite a significant increase in cofilin kinase caused by androgens, the ratio of cofilin:p-cofilin (1:1) did not change in SUM159PT cells. BT549 and MDA-MB-453 cells contain high p-cofilin levels which underwent androgen-induced dephosphorylation through increased cofilin phosphatase expression, but surprisingly maintain a leading-edge with high p-cofilin/total cofilin not found in SUM159PT cells. Androgens enhanced cell polarization in all lines, stimulated wound healing and transwell migration rates and increased N/E-cadherin mRNA ratios while reducing cell adhesion in BT549 and MDA-MB-453 cells. Cofilin KD negated androgen effects in MDA-MB-453 except for cell adhesion, while in BT549 cells it abrogated androgen-reduced cell adhesion. In SUM159PT cells, cofilin KD with and without androgens had similar effects in almost all processes studied. AR dependency of the processes were confirmed. In conclusion, cofilin regulation downstream of active AR is dependent on which actin-mediated process is being examined in addition to being cell line-specific. Although MDA-MB-453 cells demonstrated some control of cofilin through an AR-dependent mechanism, other AR-dependent pathways need to be further studied. Non-cofilin-dependent mechanisms that modulate migration of SUM159PT cells need to be investigated. Categorizing TNBC behavior as AR responsive and/or cofilin dependent can inform on decisions for therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Tahtamouni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Ahmad Alzghoul
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Sydney Alderfer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Jiangyu Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Mamoun Ahram
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ashok Prasad
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - James Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
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9
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Protein Lipidation Types: Current Strategies for Enrichment and Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042365. [PMID: 35216483 PMCID: PMC8880637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications regulate diverse activities of a colossal number of proteins. For example, various types of lipids can be covalently linked to proteins enzymatically or non-enzymatically. Protein lipidation is perhaps not as extensively studied as protein phosphorylation, ubiquitination, or glycosylation although it is no less significant than these modifications. Evidence suggests that proteins can be attached by at least seven types of lipids, including fatty acids, lipoic acids, isoprenoids, sterols, phospholipids, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, and lipid-derived electrophiles. In this review, we summarize types of protein lipidation and methods used for their detection, with an emphasis on the conjugation of proteins with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). We discuss possible reasons for the scarcity of reports on PUFA-modified proteins, limitations in current methodology, and potential approaches in detecting PUFA modifications.
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10
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Ribba AS, Fraboulet S, Sadoul K, Lafanechère L. The Role of LIM Kinases during Development: A Lens to Get a Glimpse of Their Implication in Pathologies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030403. [PMID: 35159213 PMCID: PMC8834001 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The organization of cell populations within animal tissues is essential for the morphogenesis of organs during development. Cells recognize three-dimensional positions with respect to the whole organism and regulate their cell shape, motility, migration, polarization, growth, differentiation, gene expression and cell death according to extracellular signals. Remodeling of the actin filaments is essential to achieve these cell morphological changes. Cofilin is an important binding protein for these filaments; it increases their elasticity in terms of flexion and torsion and also severs them. The activity of cofilin is spatiotemporally inhibited via phosphorylation by the LIM domain kinases 1 and 2 (LIMK1 and LIMK2). Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the phospho-regulation of cofilin has evolved as a mechanism controlling the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton during complex multicellular processes, such as those that occur during embryogenesis. In this context, the main objective of this review is to provide an update of the respective role of each of the LIM kinases during embryonic development.
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11
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Bamburg JR, Minamide LS, Wiggan O, Tahtamouni LH, Kuhn TB. Cofilin and Actin Dynamics: Multiple Modes of Regulation and Their Impacts in Neuronal Development and Degeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102726. [PMID: 34685706 PMCID: PMC8534876 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin family are ubiquitous among eukaryotes and are essential regulators of actin dynamics and function. Mammalian neurons express cofilin-1 as the major isoform, but ADF and cofilin-2 are also expressed. All isoforms bind preferentially and cooperatively along ADP-subunits in F-actin, affecting the filament helical rotation, and when either alone or when enhanced by other proteins, promotes filament severing and subunit turnover. Although self-regulating cofilin-mediated actin dynamics can drive motility without post-translational regulation, cells utilize many mechanisms to locally control cofilin, including cooperation/competition with other proteins. Newly identified post-translational modifications function with or are independent from the well-established phosphorylation of serine 3 and provide unexplored avenues for isoform specific regulation. Cofilin modulates actin transport and function in the nucleus as well as actin organization associated with mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Under neuronal stress conditions, cofilin-saturated F-actin fragments can undergo oxidative cross-linking and bundle together to form cofilin-actin rods. Rods form in abundance within neurons around brain ischemic lesions and can be rapidly induced in neurites of most hippocampal and cortical neurons through energy depletion or glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. In ~20% of rodent hippocampal neurons, rods form more slowly in a receptor-mediated process triggered by factors intimately connected to disease-related dementias, e.g., amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s disease. This rod-inducing pathway requires a cellular prion protein, NADPH oxidase, and G-protein coupled receptors, e.g., CXCR4 and CCR5. Here, we will review many aspects of cofilin regulation and its contribution to synaptic loss and pathology of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-970-988-9120; Fax: +1-970-491-0494
| | - Laurie S. Minamide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
| | - O’Neil Wiggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
| | - Lubna H. Tahtamouni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Thomas B. Kuhn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
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12
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LIM-Kinases in Synaptic Plasticity, Memory, and Brain Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082079. [PMID: 34440848 PMCID: PMC8391678 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory require structural and functional modifications of synaptic connections, and synaptic deficits are believed to underlie many brain disorders. The LIM-domain-containing protein kinases (LIMK1 and LIMK2) are key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton by affecting the actin-binding protein, cofilin. In addition, LIMK1 is implicated in the regulation of gene expression by interacting with the cAMP-response element-binding protein. Accumulating evidence indicates that LIMKs are critically involved in brain function and dysfunction. In this paper, we will review studies on the roles and underlying mechanisms of LIMKs in the regulation of long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), the most extensively studied forms of long-lasting synaptic plasticity widely regarded as cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. We will also discuss the involvement of LIMKs in the regulation of the dendritic spine, the structural basis of synaptic plasticity, and memory formation. Finally, we will discuss recent progress on investigations of LIMKs in neurological and mental disorders, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Williams–Beuren syndrome, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders.
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13
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Lo LHY, Dong R, Lyu Q, Lai KO. The Protein Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT8 and Substrate G3BP1 Control Rac1-PAK1 Signaling and Actin Cytoskeleton for Dendritic Spine Maturation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107744. [PMID: 32521269 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitatory synapses of neurons are located on dendritic spines. Spine maturation is essential for the stability of synapses and memory consolidation, and overproduction of the immature filopodia is associated with brain disorders. The structure and function of synapses can be modulated by protein post-translational modification (PTM). Arginine methylation is a major PTM that regulates chromatin structure, transcription, and splicing within the nucleus. Here we find that the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT8 is present at neuronal synapses and its expression is upregulated in the hippocampus when dendritic spine maturation occurs. Depletion of PRMT8 leads to overabundance of filopodia and mis-localization of excitatory synapses. Mechanistically, PRMT8 promotes dendritic spine morphology through methylation of the dendritic RNA-binding protein G3BP1 and suppression of the Rac1-PAK1 signaling pathway to control synaptic actin dynamics. Our findings unravel arginine methylation as a crucial regulatory mechanism for actin cytoskeleton during synapse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Hoi-Ying Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Dong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Quanwei Lyu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-On Lai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Gory-Fauré S, Powell R, Jonckheere J, Lanté F, Denarier E, Peris L, Nguyen CH, Buisson A, Lafanechère L, Andrieux A. Pyr1-Mediated Pharmacological Inhibition of LIM Kinase Restores Synaptic Plasticity and Normal Behavior in a Mouse Model of Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:627995. [PMID: 33790791 PMCID: PMC8006432 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders is ongoing, with progress being made as brain structure and neuronal function become clearer. The central roles played by microtubules (MT) and actin in synaptic transmission and plasticity suggest that the cytoskeleton and its modulators could be relevant targets for the development of new molecules to treat psychiatric diseases. In this context, LIM Kinase - which regulates both the actin and MT cytoskeleton especially in dendritic spines, the post-synaptic compartment of the synapse - might be a good target. In this study, we analyzed the consequences of blocking LIMK1 pharmacologically using Pyr1. We investigated synaptic plasticity defects and behavioral disorders in MAP6 KO mice, an animal model useful for the study of psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Our results show that Pyr1 can modulate MT dynamics in neurons. In MAP6 KO mice, chronic LIMK inhibition by long-term treatment with Pyr1 can restore normal dendritic spine density and also improves long-term potentiation, both of which are altered in these mice. Pyr1 treatment improved synaptic plasticity, and also reduced social withdrawal and depressive/anxiety-like behavior in MAP6 KO mice. Overall, the results of this study validate the hypothesis that modulation of LIMK activity could represent a new therapeutic strategy for neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Gory-Fauré
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Grenoble Institute Neuroscience, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Rebecca Powell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Grenoble Institute Neuroscience, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Jonckheere
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Grenoble Institute Neuroscience, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabien Lanté
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Grenoble Institute Neuroscience, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Denarier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Grenoble Institute Neuroscience, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Health Department, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Leticia Peris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Grenoble Institute Neuroscience, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Chi Hung Nguyen
- Chimie et Modélisation pour la Biologie du Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR9187, Inserm U1196, Orsay, France
| | - Alain Buisson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Grenoble Institute Neuroscience, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Lafanechère
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Microenvironment, Cell Plasticity and Signaling Department, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, Inserm U1209, Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Grenoble Institute Neuroscience, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Health Department, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CEA, Grenoble, France
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15
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Ji B, Skup M. Roles of palmitoylation in structural long-term synaptic plasticity. Mol Brain 2021; 14:8. [PMID: 33430908 PMCID: PMC7802216 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are important cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory processes. N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent LTP and LTD play especially crucial roles in these functions, and their expression depends on changes in the number and single channel conductance of the major ionotropic glutamate receptor α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) located on the postsynaptic membrane. Structural changes in dendritic spines comprise the morphological platform and support for molecular changes in the execution of synaptic plasticity and memory storage. At the molecular level, spine morphology is directly determined by actin cytoskeleton organization within the spine and indirectly stabilized and consolidated by scaffold proteins at the spine head. Palmitoylation, as a uniquely reversible lipid modification with the ability to regulate protein membrane localization and trafficking, plays significant roles in the structural and functional regulation of LTP and LTD. Altered structural plasticity of dendritic spines is also considered a hallmark of neurodevelopmental disorders, while genetic evidence strongly links abnormal brain function to impaired palmitoylation. Numerous studies have indicated that palmitoylation contributes to morphological spine modifications. In this review, we have gathered data showing that the regulatory proteins that modulate the actin network and scaffold proteins related to AMPAR-mediated neurotransmission also undergo palmitoylation and play roles in modifying spine architecture during structural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjun Ji
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Skup
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Regulation of actin dynamics in dendritic spines: Nanostructure, molecular mobility, and signaling mechanisms. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 109:103564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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17
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Das PK, Asha SY, Abe I, Islam F, Lam AK. Roles of Non-Coding RNAs on Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3159. [PMID: 33126409 PMCID: PMC7693255 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) remains as one of the most aggressive human carcinomas with poor survival rates in patients with the cancer despite therapeutic interventions. Novel targeted and personalized therapies could solve the puzzle of poor survival rates of patients with ATC. In this review, we discuss the role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of gene expression in ATC as well as how the changes in their expression could potentially reshape the characteristics of ATCs. A broad range of miRNA, such as miR-205, miR-19a, miR-17-3p and miR-17-5p, miR-618, miR-20a, miR-155, etc., have abnormal expressions in ATC tissues and cells when compared to those of non-neoplastic thyroid tissues and cells. Moreover, lncRNAs, such as H19, Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex P5 (HCP5), Urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1), Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), etc., participate in transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in ATC cells. Dysregulations of these non-coding RNAs were associated with development and progression of ATC by modulating the functions of oncogenes during tumour progression. Thus, restoration of the abnormal expression of these miRNAs and lncRNAs may serve as promising ways to treat the patients with ATC. In addition, siRNA mediated inhibition of several oncogenes may act as a potential option against ATC. Thus, non-coding RNAs can be useful as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for the better management of patients with ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plabon Kumar Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (P.K.D.); (S.Y.A.)
| | - Saharia Yeasmin Asha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (P.K.D.); (S.Y.A.)
| | - Ichiro Abe
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Fukuoka 818-8502, Japan
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (P.K.D.); (S.Y.A.)
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Alfred K. Lam
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
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18
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Xiong J, Wang H, Mu F, Liu Z, Bao Y, Sun Y. MiR-125b-5p Inhibitor Might Protect Against Sevoflurane-induced Cognitive Impairments by Targeting LIMK1. Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 16:382-391. [PMID: 31490755 DOI: 10.2174/1567202616666190906145936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research has shown that exposure to anesthesia might increase the risks of cognitive impairments and learning difficulties. MiR-125b-5p contributed to anesthesia-induced hippocampal apoptosis. However, the role of miR-125b-5p in sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairments remains unclear. METHODS Firstly, sevoflurane was used to establish a rat model and cognitive impairment was detected by the Morris water maze (MWM) test. The hippocampus was observed by HE staining. The lentivirus-miR-125b-5p antagomiR was transfected into rats to decrease miR-125b-5p. The interaction between miR-125b-5p and LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1) was confirmed by the luciferase reporter assay. The mRNA and expression levels of related genes and mRNA were examined by the Quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. RESULTS Sevoflurane induced the cognitive dysfunction presenting with longer latency time and few platform crossings in rats. Moreover, miR-125b-5p was observed to be up-regulated in both sevoflurane-anesthesia rats and sevoflurane-treated SH-SY5Y cells. More importantly, a decrease in miR-125b-5p could prevent sevoflurane-induced hippocampal apoptosis and inflammation in rats. Moreover, LIMK1 was the target gene of miR-125b-5p. Interestingly, si-LIMK1 could restore the sevoflurane-induced cell apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells, which was alleviated by miR-125b-5p inhibitor. Finally, the miR-125b-5p inhibitor shortened the time to find the platform and increased the number of platform crossings compared to sevoflurane-anesthesia rats in the Morris water maze test. At the same time, the expression of LIMK1 was dramatically increased. CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings suggested that miR-125b-5p inhibitor could protect against the sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairments by targeting LIMK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, 100093, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, 100730, China
| | - Feng Mu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, 100093, China
| | - Zhanxue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, 100093, China
| | - Yin Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, 100730, China
| | - Yongxing Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, 100093, China
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19
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Shimell JJ, Shah BS, Cain SM, Thouta S, Kuhlmann N, Tatarnikov I, Jovellar DB, Brigidi GS, Kass J, Milnerwood AJ, Snutch TP, Bamji SX. The X-Linked Intellectual Disability Gene Zdhhc9 Is Essential for Dendrite Outgrowth and Inhibitory Synapse Formation. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2422-2437.e8. [PMID: 31747610 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational lipid modification that facilitates vesicular transport and subcellular localization of modified proteins. This process is catalyzed by ZDHHC enzymes that are implicated in several neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. Loss-of-function mutations in ZDHHC9 have been identified in patients with X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) and associated with increased epilepsy risk. Loss of Zdhhc9 function in hippocampal cultures leads to shorter dendritic arbors and fewer inhibitory synapses, altering the ratio of excitatory-to-inhibitory inputs formed onto Zdhhc9-deficient cells. While Zdhhc9 promotes dendrite outgrowth through the palmitoylation of the GTPase Ras, it promotes inhibitory synapse formation through the palmitoylation of another GTPase, TC10. Zdhhc9 knockout mice exhibit seizure-like activity together with increased frequency and amplitude of both spontaneous and miniature excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents. These findings present a plausible mechanism for how the loss of ZDHHC9 function may contribute to XLID and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J Shimell
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bhavin S Shah
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stuart M Cain
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Samrat Thouta
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Naila Kuhlmann
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Igor Tatarnikov
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - D Blair Jovellar
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - G Stefano Brigidi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jennifer Kass
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Austen J Milnerwood
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shernaz X Bamji
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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20
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Lynn MB, Lee KFH, Soares C, Naud R, Béïque JC. A Synthetic Likelihood Solution to the Silent Synapse Estimation Problem. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107916. [PMID: 32697998 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional features of synaptic populations are typically inferred from random electrophysiological sampling of small subsets of synapses. Are these samples unbiased? Here, we develop a biophysically constrained statistical framework to address this question and apply it to assess the performance of a widely used method based on a failure-rate analysis to quantify the occurrence of silent (AMPAR-lacking) synapses. We simulate this method in silico and find that it is characterized by strong and systematic biases, poor reliability, and weak statistical power. Key conclusions are validated by whole-cell recordings from hippocampal neurons. To address these shortcomings, we develop a simulator of the experimental protocol and use it to compute a synthetic likelihood. By maximizing the likelihood, we infer silent synapse fraction with no bias, low variance, and superior statistical power over alternatives. Together, this generalizable approach highlights how a simulator of experimental methodologies can substantially improve the estimation of physiological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Lynn
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kevin F H Lee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Cary Soares
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Richard Naud
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Centre for Neural Dynamics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; University of Ottawa's Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Physics, STEM Complex, Room 336, 150 Louis Pasteur Private, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Jean-Claude Béïque
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Centre for Neural Dynamics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; University of Ottawa's Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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21
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Albanesi JP, Barylko B, DeMartino GN, Jameson DM. Palmitoylated Proteins in Dendritic Spine Remodeling. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:22. [PMID: 32655390 PMCID: PMC7325885 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-responsive changes in the actin cytoskeleton are required for the biogenesis, motility, and remodeling of dendritic spines. These changes are governed by proteins that regulate the polymerization, depolymerization, bundling, and branching of actin filaments. Thus, processes that have been extensively characterized in the context of non-neuronal cell shape change and migration are also critical for learning and memory. In this review article, we highlight actin regulatory proteins that associate, at least transiently, with the dendritic plasma membrane. All of these proteins have been shown, either in directed studies or in high-throughput screens, to undergo palmitoylation, a potentially reversible, and stimulus-dependent cysteine modification. Palmitoylation increases the affinity of peripheral proteins for the membrane bilayer and contributes to their subcellular localization and recruitment to cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Albanesi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Barbara Barylko
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - George N. DeMartino
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - David M. Jameson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
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22
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Moutin E, Hemonnot AL, Seube V, Linck N, Rassendren F, Perroy J, Compan V. Procedures for Culturing and Genetically Manipulating Murine Hippocampal Postnatal Neurons. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:19. [PMID: 32425766 PMCID: PMC7204911 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal hippocampal cultures are simple and valuable models for studying neuronal function. While embryonic cultures are widely used for different applications, mouse postnatal cultures are still challenging, lack reproducibility and/or exhibit inappropriate neuronal activity. Yet, postnatal cultures have major advantages such as allowing genotyping of pups before culture and reducing the number of experimental animals. Herein we describe a simple and fast protocol for culturing and genetically manipulating hippocampal neurons from P0 to P3 mice. This protocol provides reproducible cultures exhibiting a consistent neuronal development, normal excitatory over inhibitory neuronal ratio and a physiological neuronal activity. We also describe simple and efficient procedures for genetic manipulation of neurons using transfection reagent or lentiviral particles. Overall, this method provides a detailed and validated protocol allowing to explore cellular mechanisms and neuronal activity in postnatal hippocampal neurons in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enora Moutin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Laure Hemonnot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique (LabEx ICST), Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Seube
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique (LabEx ICST), Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Linck
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique (LabEx ICST), Montpellier, France
| | - François Rassendren
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique (LabEx ICST), Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Perroy
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Compan
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique (LabEx ICST), Montpellier, France
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23
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Halasz E, Townes-Anderson E, Wang W. LIM kinases in synaptic plasticity and their potential as therapeutic targets. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1471-1472. [PMID: 31997806 PMCID: PMC7059582 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.274333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Halasz
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ellen Townes-Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Sanders SS, De Simone FI, Thomas GM. mTORC1 Signaling Is Palmitoylation-Dependent in Hippocampal Neurons and Non-neuronal Cells and Involves Dynamic Palmitoylation of LAMTOR1 and mTOR. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:115. [PMID: 31001086 PMCID: PMC6454084 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) Complex 1 (mTORC1) controls growth and proliferation of non-neuronal cells, while during neuronal development mTORC1 responds to glutamate and neurotrophins to promote neuronal migration and dendritic arborization. Recent studies reveal that mTORC1 signaling complexes are assembled on lysosomal membranes, but how mTORC1 membrane targeting is regulated is not fully clear. Our examination of palmitoyl-proteomic databases and additional bioinformatic analyses revealed that several mTORC1 proteins are predicted to undergo covalent modification with the lipid palmitate. This process, palmitoylation, can dynamically target proteins to specific membranes but its roles in mTORC1 signaling are not well described. Strikingly, we found that acute pharmacological inhibition of palmitoylation prevents amino acid-dependent mTORC1 activation in HEK293T cells and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent mTORC1 activation in hippocampal neurons. We sought to define the molecular basis for this finding and found that the mTORC1 proteins LAMTOR1 and mTOR itself are directly palmitoylated, while several other mTORC1 proteins are not palmitoylated, despite strong bioinformatic prediction. Interestingly, palmitoylation of LAMTOR1, whose anchoring on lysosomal membranes is important for mTORC1 signaling, was rapidly increased prior to mTORC1 activation. In contrast, mTOR palmitoylation was decreased by stimuli that activate mTORC1. These findings reveal that specific key components of the mTOR pathway are dynamically palmitoylated, suggesting that palmitoylation is not merely permissive for mTOR activation but is instead actively involved in mTORC1-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun S Sanders
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Francesca I De Simone
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gareth M Thomas
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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25
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Matt L, Kim K, Chowdhury D, Hell JW. Role of Palmitoylation of Postsynaptic Proteins in Promoting Synaptic Plasticity. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:8. [PMID: 30766476 PMCID: PMC6365469 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many postsynaptic proteins undergo palmitoylation, the reversible attachment of the fatty acid palmitate to cysteine residues, which influences trafficking, localization, and protein interaction dynamics. Both palmitoylation by palmitoyl acyl transferases (PAT) and depalmitoylation by palmitoyl-protein thioesterases (PPT) is regulated in an activity-dependent, localized fashion. Recently, palmitoylation has received attention for its pivotal contribution to various forms of synaptic plasticity, the dynamic modulation of synaptic strength in response to neuronal activity. For instance, palmitoylation and depalmitoylation of the central postsynaptic scaffold protein postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) is important for synaptic plasticity. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of studies linking palmitoylation of postsynaptic proteins to synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Matt
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karam Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dhrubajyoti Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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26
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Soares C, Lee KFH, Béïque JC. Metaplasticity at CA1 Synapses by Homeostatic Control of Presynaptic Release Dynamics. Cell Rep 2018; 21:1293-1303. [PMID: 29091767 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hebbian and homeostatic forms of plasticity operate on different timescales to regulate synaptic strength. The degree of mechanistic overlap between these processes and their mutual influence are still incompletely understood. Here, we report that homeostatic synaptic strengthening induced by prolonged network inactivity compromised the ability of CA1 synapses to exhibit LTP. This effect could not be accounted for by an obvious deficit in the postsynaptic capacity for LTP expression, since neither the fraction of silent synapses nor the ability to induce LTP by two-photon glutamate uncaging were reduced by the homeostatic process. Rather, optical quantal analysis reveals that homeostatically strengthened synapses display a reduced capacity to maintain glutamate release fidelity during repetitive stimulation, ultimately impeding the induction, and thus expression, of LTP. By regulating the short-term dynamics of glutamate release, the homeostatic process thus influences key aspects of dynamic network function and exhibits features of metaplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary Soares
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kevin F H Lee
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Béïque
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute's Centre for Neural Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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27
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Zaręba-Kozioł M, Figiel I, Bartkowiak-Kaczmarek A, Włodarczyk J. Insights Into Protein S-Palmitoylation in Synaptic Plasticity and Neurological Disorders: Potential and Limitations of Methods for Detection and Analysis. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:175. [PMID: 29910712 PMCID: PMC5992399 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
S-palmitoylation (S-PALM) is a lipid modification that involves the linkage of a fatty acid chain to cysteine residues of the substrate protein. This common posttranslational modification (PTM) is unique among other lipid modifications because of its reversibility. Hence, like phosphorylation or ubiquitination, it can act as a switch that modulates various important physiological pathways within the cell. Numerous studies revealed that S-PALM plays a crucial role in protein trafficking and function throughout the nervous system. Notably, the dynamic turnover of palmitate on proteins at the synapse may provide a key mechanism for rapidly changing synaptic strength. Indeed, palmitate cycling on postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), the major postsynaptic density protein at excitatory synapses, regulates the number of synaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) and thus affects synaptic transmission. Accumulating evidence suggests a relationship between impairments in S-PALM and severe neurological disorders. Therefore, determining the precise levels of S-PALM may be essential for understanding the ways in which this PTM is regulated in the brain and controls synaptic dynamics. Protein S-PALM can be characterized using metabolic labeling methods and biochemical tools. Both approaches are discussed herein in the context of specific methods and their advantages and disadvantages. This review clearly shows progress in the field, which has led to the development of new, more sensitive techniques that enable the detection of palmitoylated proteins and allow predictions of potential palmitate binding sites. Unfortunately, one significant limitation of these approaches continues to be the inability to use them in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zaręba-Kozioł
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Figiel
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bartkowiak-Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Włodarczyk
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Jiang H, Zhang X, Chen X, Aramsangtienchai P, Tong Z, Lin H. Protein Lipidation: Occurrence, Mechanisms, Biological Functions, and Enabling Technologies. Chem Rev 2018; 118:919-988. [PMID: 29292991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein lipidation, including cysteine prenylation, N-terminal glycine myristoylation, cysteine palmitoylation, and serine and lysine fatty acylation, occurs in many proteins in eukaryotic cells and regulates numerous biological pathways, such as membrane trafficking, protein secretion, signal transduction, and apoptosis. We provide a comprehensive review of protein lipidation, including descriptions of proteins known to be modified and the functions of the modifications, the enzymes that control them, and the tools and technologies developed to study them. We also highlight key questions about protein lipidation that remain to be answered, the challenges associated with answering such questions, and possible solutions to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiao Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Pornpun Aramsangtienchai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhen Tong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hening Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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29
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Protein S-palmitoylation in cellular differentiation. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:275-285. [PMID: 28202682 PMCID: PMC5310721 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reversible protein S-palmitoylation confers spatiotemporal control of protein function by modulating protein stability, trafficking and activity, as well as protein-protein and membrane-protein associations. Enabled by technological advances, global studies revealed S-palmitoylation to be an important and pervasive posttranslational modification in eukaryotes with the potential to coordinate diverse biological processes as cells transition from one state to another. Here, we review the strategies and tools to analyze in vivo protein palmitoylation and interrogate the functions of the enzymes that put on and take off palmitate from proteins. We also highlight palmitoyl proteins and palmitoylation-related enzymes that are associated with cellular differentiation and/or tissue development in yeasts, protozoa, mammals, plants and other model eukaryotes.
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30
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Shaw AE, Bamburg JR. Peptide regulation of cofilin activity in the CNS: A novel therapeutic approach for treatment of multiple neurological disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 175:17-27. [PMID: 28232023 PMCID: PMC5466456 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cofilin is a ubiquitous protein which cooperates with many other actin-binding proteins in regulating actin dynamics. Cofilin has essential functions in nervous system development including neuritogenesis, neurite elongation, growth cone pathfinding, dendritic spine formation, and the regulation of neurotransmission and spine function, components of synaptic plasticity essential for learning and memory. Cofilin's phosphoregulation is a downstream target of many transmembrane signaling processes, and its misregulation in neurons has been linked in rodent models to many different neurodegenerative and neurological disorders including Alzheimer disease (AD), aggression due to neonatal isolation, autism, manic/bipolar disorder, and sleep deprivation. Cognitive and behavioral deficits of these rodent models have been largely abrogated by modulation of cofilin activity using viral-mediated, genetic, and/or small molecule or peptide therapeutic approaches. Neuropathic pain in rats from sciatic nerve compression has also been reduced by modulating the cofilin pathway within neurons of the dorsal root ganglia. Neuroinflammation, which occurs following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, but which also accompanies many other neurodegenerative syndromes, is markedly reduced by peptides targeting specific chemokine receptors, which also modulate cofilin activity. Thus, peptide therapeutics offer potential for cost-effective treatment of a wide variety of neurological disorders. Here we discuss some recent results from rodent models using therapeutic peptides with a surprising ability to cross the rodent blood brain barrier and alter cofilin activity in brain. We also offer suggestions as to how neuronal-specific cofilin regulation might be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa E Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1870, United States
| | - James R Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1870, United States.
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31
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Dienel SJ, Bazmi HH, Lewis DA. Development of transcripts regulating dendritic spines in layer 3 pyramidal cells of the monkey prefrontal cortex: Implications for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 105:132-141. [PMID: 28576707 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain cognitive deficits in schizophrenia appear to emerge from altered postnatal development of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Dendritic spines on DLPFC layer 3 pyramidal cells are essential for certain cognitive functions, change in density over development, and are reduced in number in schizophrenia. Altered expression of molecular regulators of actin filament assembly and stability, which are essential for spine formation and maintenance, is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of spine deficits in the disease. However, the normal developmental expression patterns of these molecular regulators of dendritic spines, which might provide insight into the timing of spine deficits in schizophrenia, are unknown. Therefore, we quantified the expression from birth to adulthood of key transcripts regulating dendritic spine density in monkey DLPFC. Layer 3 pyramidal cells, and tissue samples containing layers 3 or 6, were captured by laser microdissection and selected transcripts were quantified using PCR. In layer 3 pyramidal cells, the expression levels of most of the transcripts studied changed early, and not late, in postnatal development. These developmental shifts in expression were generally not detected in tissue homogenates of layers 3 or 6, suggesting that the changes may be enriched in layer 3 pyramidal cells. The timing of these shifts in expression suggests that early, rather than later, postnatal development may be a vulnerable period for layer 3 pyramidal neurons. Disruption of the normal developmental trajectories of these transcripts may contribute to layer 3 pyramidal neuron spine deficits in individuals who are later diagnosed with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Dienel
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Holly H Bazmi
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - David A Lewis
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
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32
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Globa AK, Bamji SX. Protein palmitoylation in the development and plasticity of neuronal connections. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 45:210-220. [PMID: 28366531 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein palmitoylation, or the reversible addition of the fatty acid, palmitate, onto substrate proteins, can impact the structure and stability of proteins as well as regulate protein-protein interactions and the trafficking and localization of proteins to cell membranes. This posttranslational modification is mediated by palmitoyl-acyltransferases, consisting of a family of 23 zDHHC proteins in mammals. This review focuses on the subcellular distribution of zDHHC proteins within the neuron and the regulation of zDHHC trafficking and function by synaptic activity. We review recent studies identifying actin binding proteins, cell adhesion molecules and synaptic scaffolding proteins as targets of palmitoylation, and examine the implications of activity-mediated palmitoylation in the establishment and plasticity of neuronal connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Globa
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shernaz X Bamji
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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33
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Electroacupuncture Regulates Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity via miR-134-Mediated LIMK1 Function in Rats with Ischemic Stroke. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:9545646. [PMID: 28116173 PMCID: PMC5237739 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9545646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MircoRNAs (miRs) have been implicated in learning and memory, by regulating LIM domain kinase (LIMK1) to induce synaptic-dendritic plasticity. The study aimed to investigate whether miRNAs/LIMK1 signaling was involved in electroacupuncture- (EA-) mediated synaptic-dendritic plasticity in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion induced cognitive deficit (MICD). Compared to untreatment or non-acupoint-EA treatment, EA at DU20 and DU24 acupoints could shorten escape latency and increase the frequency of crossing platform in Morris water maze test. T2-weighted imaging showed that the MICD rat brain lesions were located in cortex, hippocampus, corpus striatum, and thalamus regions and injured volumes were reduced after EA. Furthermore, we found that the density of dendritic spine and the number of synapses in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells were obviously reduced at Day 14 after MICD. However, synaptic-dendritic loss could be rescued after EA. Moreover, the synaptic-dendritic plasticity was associated with increases of the total LIMK1 and phospho-LIMK1 levels in hippocampal CA1 region, wherein EA decreased the expression of miR-134, negatively regulating LIMK1 to enhance synaptic-dendritic plasticity. Therefore, miR-134-mediated LIMK1 was involved in EA-induced hippocampal synaptic plasticity, which served as a contributor to improving learning and memory during the recovery stage of ischemic stroke.
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34
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Montersino A, Thomas GM. Slippery signaling: Palmitoylation-dependent control of neuronal kinase localization and activity. Mol Membr Biol 2016; 32:179-88. [PMID: 27241460 DOI: 10.1080/09687688.2016.1182652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Modification of proteins with the lipid palmitate, a process called palmitoylation, is important for the normal function of neuronal cells. However, most attention has focused on how palmitoylation regulates the targeting and trafficking of neurotransmitter receptors and non-enzymatic scaffold proteins. In this review we discuss recent studies that suggest that palmitoylation also plays additional roles in neurons by controlling the localization, interactions and perhaps even the activity of protein kinases that play key roles in physiological neuronal regulation and in neuropathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Montersino
- a Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair) and
| | - Gareth M Thomas
- a Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair) and.,b Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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35
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Control of Dendritic Spine Morphological and Functional Plasticity by Small GTPases. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:3025948. [PMID: 26989514 PMCID: PMC4775798 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3025948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural plasticity of excitatory synapses is a vital component of neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and behaviour. Abnormal development or regulation of excitatory synapses has also been strongly implicated in many neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. In the mammalian forebrain, the majority of excitatory synapses are located on dendritic spines, specialized dendritic protrusions that are enriched in actin. Research over recent years has begun to unravel the complexities involved in the regulation of dendritic spine structure. The small GTPase family of proteins have emerged as key regulators of structural plasticity, linking extracellular signals with the modulation of dendritic spines, which potentially underlies their ability to influence cognition. Here we review a number of studies that examine how small GTPases are activated and regulated in neurons and furthermore how they can impact actin dynamics, and thus dendritic spine morphology. Elucidating this signalling process is critical for furthering our understanding of the basic mechanisms by which information is encoded in neural circuits but may also provide insight into novel targets for the development of effective therapies to treat cognitive dysfunction seen in a range of neurological disorders.
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36
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Lee KFH, Soares C, Thivierge JP, Béïque JC. Correlated Synaptic Inputs Drive Dendritic Calcium Amplification and Cooperative Plasticity during Clustered Synapse Development. Neuron 2016; 89:784-99. [PMID: 26853305 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that instruct the assembly of fine-scale features of synaptic connectivity in neural circuits are only beginning to be understood. Using whole-cell electrophysiology, two-photon calcium imaging, and glutamate uncaging in hippocampal slices, we discovered a functional coupling between NMDA receptor activation and ryanodine-sensitive intracellular calcium release that dominates the spatiotemporal dynamics of activity-dependent calcium signals during synaptogenesis. This developmentally regulated calcium amplification mechanism was tuned to detect and bind spatially clustered and temporally correlated synaptic inputs and enacted a local cooperative plasticity rule between coactive neighboring synapses. Consistent with the hypothesis that synapse maturation is spatially regulated, we observed clustering of synaptic weights in developing dendritic arbors. These results reveal developmental features of NMDA receptor-dependent calcium dynamics and local plasticity rules that are suited to spatially guide synaptic connectivity patterns in emerging neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin F H Lee
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Cary Soares
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Thivierge
- Centre for Neural Dynamics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Béïque
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Centre for Neural Dynamics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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37
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Palmitoylation controls DLK localization, interactions and activity to ensure effective axonal injury signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 113:763-8. [PMID: 26719418 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514123113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual leucine-zipper kinase (DLK) is critical for axon-to-soma retrograde signaling following nerve injury. However, it is unknown how DLK, a predicted soluble kinase, conveys long-distance signals and why homologous kinases cannot compensate for loss of DLK. Here, we report that DLK, but not homologous kinases, is palmitoylated at a conserved site adjacent to its kinase domain. Using short-hairpin RNA knockdown/rescue, we find that palmitoylation is critical for DLK-dependent retrograde signaling in sensory axons. This functional importance is because of three novel cellular and molecular roles of palmitoylation, which targets DLK to trafficking vesicles, is required to assemble DLK signaling complexes and, unexpectedly, is essential for DLK's kinase activity. By simultaneously controlling DLK localization, interactions, and activity, palmitoylation ensures that only vesicle-bound DLK is active in neurons. These findings explain how DLK specifically mediates nerve injury responses and reveal a novel cellular mechanism that ensures the specificity of neuronal kinase signaling.
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38
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Fukata Y, Murakami T, Yokoi N, Fukata M. Local Palmitoylation Cycles and Specialized Membrane Domain Organization. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2015; 77:97-141. [PMID: 26781831 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Palmitoylation is an evolutionally conserved lipid modification of proteins. Dynamic and reversible palmitoylation controls a wide range of molecular and cellular properties of proteins including the protein trafficking, protein function, protein stability, and specialized membrane domain organization. However, technical difficulties in (1) detection of palmitoylated substrate proteins and (2) purification and enzymology of palmitoylating enzymes have prevented the progress in palmitoylation research, compared with that in phosphorylation research. The recent development of proteomic and chemical biology techniques has unexpectedly expanded the known complement of palmitoylated proteins in various species and tissues/cells, and revealed the unique occurrence of palmitoylated proteins in membrane-bound organelles and specific membrane compartments. Furthermore, identification and characterization of DHHC (Asp-His-His-Cys) palmitoylating enzyme-substrate pairs have contributed to elucidating the regulatory mechanisms and pathophysiological significance of protein palmitoylation. Here, we review the recent progress in protein palmitoylation at the molecular, cellular, and in vivo level and discuss how locally regulated palmitoylation machinery works for dynamic nanoscale organization of membrane domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Fukata
- Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Murakami
- Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Norihiko Yokoi
- Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukata
- Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
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39
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Blanc M, David F, Abrami L, Migliozzi D, Armand F, Bürgi J, van der Goot FG. SwissPalm: Protein Palmitoylation database. F1000Res 2015; 4:261. [PMID: 26339475 PMCID: PMC4544385 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6464.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational modification that regulates many key biological processes, although the full extent and functions of protein S-palmitoylation remain largely unexplored. Recent developments of new chemical methods have allowed the establishment of palmitoyl-proteomes of a variety of cell lines and tissues from different species. As the amount of information generated by these high-throughput studies is increasing, the field requires centralization and comparison of this information. Here we present SwissPalm (
http://swisspalm.epfl.ch), our open, comprehensive, manually curated resource to study protein S-palmitoylation. It currently encompasses more than 5000 S-palmitoylated protein hits from seven species, and contains more than 500 specific sites of S-palmitoylation. SwissPalm also provides curated information and filters that increase the confidence in true positive hits, and integrates predictions of S-palmitoylated cysteine scores, orthologs and isoform multiple alignments. Systems analysis of the palmitoyl-proteome screens indicate that 10% or more of the human proteome is susceptible to S-palmitoylation. Moreover, ontology and pathway analyses of the human palmitoyl-proteome reveal that key biological functions involve this reversible lipid modification. Comparative analysis finally shows a strong crosstalk between S-palmitoylation and other post-translational modifications. Through the compilation of data and continuous updates, SwissPalm will provide a powerful tool to unravel the global importance of protein S-palmitoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Blanc
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice David
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.,Bioinformatics and biostatistics Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Migliozzi
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Florence Armand
- Proteomic Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Bürgi
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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