1
|
Donval A, Hernandez Puente CV, Lainé A, Roman D, Vessely R, Leclercq J, Perron M, Locker M. Awakening adult neural stem cells: NOX signalling as a positive regulator of the quiescence-to-proliferation transition in the Xenopus retina. Development 2024; 151:dev201463. [PMID: 38108453 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A growing wealth of data suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling might be crucial in conferring embryonic or adult stem cells their specific properties. However, how stem cells control ROS production and scavenging, and how ROS in turn contribute to stemness, remain poorly understood. Using the Xenopus retina as a model system, we first investigated the redox status of retinal stem cells (RSCs). We discovered that they exhibit higher ROS levels compared with progenitors and retinal neurons, and express a set of specific redox genes. We next addressed the question of ROS functional involvement in these cells. Using pharmacological or genetic tools, we demonstrate that inhibition of NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production increases the proportion of quiescent RSCs. Surprisingly, this is accompanied by an apparent acceleration of the mean division speed within the remaining proliferating pool. Our data further unveil that such impact on RSC cell cycling is achieved by modulation of the Wnt/Hedgehog signalling balance. Altogether, we highlight that RSCs exhibit distinctive redox characteristics and exploit NADPH oxidase signalling to limit quiescence and fine-tune their proliferation rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Donval
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | | | - Anaïs Lainé
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Diana Roman
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Romain Vessely
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Julien Leclercq
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Morgane Locker
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Chen H, Hou W, Han Q, Wang Z. Hippo Pathway in Schwann Cells and Regeneration of Peripheral Nervous System. Dev Neurosci 2023; 45:276-289. [PMID: 37080186 DOI: 10.1159/000530621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway comprising a series of MST/LATS kinase complexes. Its key transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ regulate transcription factors such as TEAD family to direct gene expression. The regulation of Hippo pathway, especially the nuclear level change of YAP and TAZ, significantly influences the cell fate switching from proliferation to differentiation, regeneration, and postinjury repair. This review outlines the main findings of Hippo pathway in peripheral nerve development, regeneration, and tumorigenesis, especially the studies in Schwann cells. We also summarize other roles of Hippo pathway in damage repair of the peripheral nerve system and discuss the potential future research which probably contributes to novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Jing'an District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haofeng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wulei Hou
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Jing'an District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjian Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoyun Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Jing'an District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fu M, Hu Y, Lan T, Guan KL, Luo T, Luo M. The Hippo signalling pathway and its implications in human health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:376. [PMID: 36347846 PMCID: PMC9643504 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As an evolutionarily conserved signalling network, the Hippo pathway plays a crucial role in the regulation of numerous biological processes. Thus, substantial efforts have been made to understand the upstream signals that influence the activity of the Hippo pathway, as well as its physiological functions, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, organ growth, embryogenesis, and tissue regeneration/wound healing. However, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway can cause a variety of diseases, including cancer, eye diseases, cardiac diseases, pulmonary diseases, renal diseases, hepatic diseases, and immune dysfunction. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that target dysregulated Hippo components might be promising approaches for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. Here, we review the key components and upstream signals of the Hippo pathway, as well as the critical physiological functions controlled by the Hippo pathway. Additionally, diseases associated with alterations in the Hippo pathway and potential therapies targeting Hippo components will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minyang Fu
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianxia Lan
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ting Luo
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Min Luo
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meléndez García R, Haccard O, Chesneau A, Narassimprakash H, Roger J, Perron M, Marheineke K, Bronchain O. A non-transcriptional function of Yap regulates the DNA replication program. eLife 2022; 11:75741. [PMID: 35838349 PMCID: PMC9328763 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In multicellular eukaryotic organisms, the initiation of DNA replication occurs asynchronously throughout S-phase according to a regulated replication timing program. Here, using Xenopus egg extracts, we showed that Yap (Yes-associated protein 1), a downstream effector of the Hippo signalling pathway, is required for the control of DNA replication dynamics. We found that Yap is recruited to chromatin at the start of DNA replication and identified Rif1, a major regulator of the DNA replication timing program, as a novel Yap binding protein. Furthermore, we show that either Yap or Rif1 depletion accelerates DNA replication dynamics by increasing the number of activated replication origins. In Xenopus embryos, using a Trim-Away approach during cleavage stages devoid of transcription, we found that either Yap or Rif1 depletion triggers an acceleration of cell divisions, suggesting a shorter S-phase by alterations of the replication program. Finally, our data show that Rif1 knockdown leads to defects in the partitioning of early versus late replication foci in retinal stem cells, as we previously showed for Yap. Altogether, our findings unveil a non-transcriptional role for Yap in regulating replication dynamics. We propose that Yap and Rif1 function as brakes to control the DNA replication program in early embryos and post-embryonic stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Haccard
- Genome Biology, CNRS, CEA, University Paris Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Jérôme Roger
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Saclay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Saclay, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang Y, Jiang X, Li X, Sun K, Zhu X, Zhou B. Specific ablation of Hippo signalling component Yap1 in retinal progenitors and Müller cells results in late onset retinal degeneration. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2673-2689. [PMID: 35533255 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a major component of the Hippo pathway involved in development, growth, repair and homeostasis. Nonsense YAP1 mutations in humans result in autosomal dominant coloboma. Here, we generated a conditional knockout mouse model in which Yap1 was specifically deleted in embryonic retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and in mature Müller cells using a Chx10-Cre driver. Our data demonstrated that the conditional ablation of Yap1 in embryonic RPCs does not prevent normal retinal development and caused no gross changes in retinal structure during embryonic and early postnatal life. Nevertheless, Yap1 deficient in retinal Müller cells in adult mice leads to impaired visual responses and extensive late-onset retinal degeneration, characterized by reduced cell number in all retinal layers. Immunofluorescence data further revealed the degeneration and death of rod and cone photoreceptors, bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells and ganglion cells to varying degrees in aged knockout mice. Moreover, alteration of glial homeostasis and reactive gliosis were also observed. Finally, cell proliferation and TUNEL assay revealed that the broad retinal degeneration is mainly caused by enhanced apoptosis in late period. Together, this work uncovers that YAP is essential for the normal vision and retinal maintenance, highlighting the crucial role of YAP in retinal function and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeming Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kuanxiang Sun
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Departemnt of Ophthalmology, First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, Henan, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cellular feedback dynamics and multilevel regulation driven by the hippo pathway. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1515-1527. [PMID: 34374419 PMCID: PMC8421037 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a dynamic cellular signalling nexus that regulates differentiation and controls cell proliferation and death. If the Hippo pathway is not precisely regulated, the functionality of the upstream kinase module is impaired, which increases nuclear localisation and activity of the central effectors, the transcriptional co-regulators YAP and TAZ. Pathological YAP and TAZ hyperactivity consequently cause cancer, fibrosis and developmental defects. The Hippo pathway controls an array of fundamental cellular processes, including adhesion, migration, mitosis, polarity and secretion of a range of biologically active components. Recent studies highlight that spatio-temporal regulation of Hippo pathway components are central to precisely controlling its context-dependent dynamic activity. Several levels of feedback are integrated into the Hippo pathway, which is further synergized with interactors outside of the pathway that directly regulate specific Hippo pathway components. Likewise, Hippo core kinases also ‘moonlight’ by phosphorylating multiple substrates beyond the Hippo pathway and thereby integrates further flexibility and robustness in the cellular decision-making process. This topic is still in its infancy but promises to reveal new fundamental insights into the cellular regulation of this therapeutically important pathway. We here highlight recent advances emphasising feedback dynamics and multilevel regulation of the Hippo pathway with a focus on mitosis and cell migration, as well as discuss potential productive future research avenues that might reveal novel insights into the overall dynamics of the pathway.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu H, Yang J, Zhang Y, Fu H, Yan Z, Zhu Y. Vinclozolin-induced mouse penile malformation and "small testis" via miR132, miR195a together with the Hippo signaling pathway. Toxicology 2021; 460:152842. [PMID: 34182078 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vinclozolin (VCZ) is a fungicide with antiandrogen activity. Exposure to VCZ in maternal uterus may cause uterine, ovarian and testicular damage, hypospadias and prostate abnormality in the offspring. Hippo pathway, which is highly conservative and may be activated by miR132 and miR195a, can control organ size and tissue regeneration, and participate in injury and deformity. In the present study, VCZ was found to have caused penile malformation in the male offspring and also induced "small testis" when it was administered to the pregnant mice orally at a dose of 400 mg kg-1 day-1 on Days 12-18 of gestation. At 1, 3 and 7 weeks of age, VCZ could increase miR132, Mst1, Sav1, phosphorylated Yes-associated protein (pYap) and pLats, and decrease Yap in offspring penises and testes. Besides, it could also raise miR195a both in the testes of 1, 7-week and in the penises of all the three ages. In addition, we found the levels of some cyclin (Ccn) genes elevated in the testes, the expression of the androgen receptor (Ar) gene dereased and Jnks changed in the penises of offspring aged 1, 3 and 7 weeks. The results suggest that that gestational VCZ exposure could not only increase miR132 and miR195a in penises and testes of the offspring, but also activate Hippo pathway and down-regulate Ar. These may directly inhibit cell proliferation, accelerate cell death by up-regulating the expression of some Ccns, and ultimately lead to penile and testicular damage and malformations in the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Yu
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (The People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, 410002, PR China
| | - Jinru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, PR China; Department of Sanitation Monitoring, Hanzhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hanzhong City, 723000, PR China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, PR China
| | - Hu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, PR China
| | - Zhengli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, PR China
| | - Yongfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Currey L, Thor S, Piper M. TEAD family transcription factors in development and disease. Development 2021; 148:269158. [PMID: 34128986 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The balance between stem cell potency and lineage specification entails the integration of both extrinsic and intrinsic cues, which ultimately influence gene expression through the activity of transcription factors. One example of this is provided by the Hippo signalling pathway, which plays a central role in regulating organ size during development. Hippo pathway activity is mediated by the transcriptional co-factors Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), which interact with TEA domain (TEAD) proteins to regulate gene expression. Although the roles of YAP and TAZ have been intensively studied, the roles played by TEAD proteins are less well understood. Recent studies have begun to address this, revealing that TEADs regulate the balance between progenitor self-renewal and differentiation throughout various stages of development. Furthermore, it is becoming apparent that TEAD proteins interact with other co-factors that influence stem cell biology. This Primer provides an overview of the role of TEAD proteins during development, focusing on their role in Hippo signalling as well as within other developmental, homeostatic and disease contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Currey
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stefan Thor
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Piper
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Becker C, Lust K, Wittbrodt J. Igf signaling couples retina growth with body growth by modulating progenitor cell division. Development 2021; 148:dev.199133. [PMID: 33722901 PMCID: PMC8077508 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
How the body and organs balance their relative growth is of key importance for coordinating size and function. This is of particular relevance in organisms, which continue to grow over their entire life span. We addressed this issue in the neuroretina of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes), a well-studied system with which to address vertebrate organ growth. We reveal that a central growth regulator, Igf1 receptor (Igf1r), is necessary and sufficient for proliferation control in the postembryonic retinal stem cell niche: the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ). Targeted activation of Igf1r signaling in the CMZ uncouples neuroretina growth from body size control, and we demonstrate that Igf1r operates on progenitor cells, stimulating their proliferation. Activation of Igf1r signaling increases retinal size while preserving its structural integrity, revealing a modular organization in which progenitor differentiation and neurogenesis are self-organized and highly regulated. Our findings position Igf signaling as a key module for controlling retinal size and composition, with important evolutionary implications. Highlighted Article: Targeted activation of Igf1r signaling in the retinal stem cell niche increases retina size through expanding the progenitor but not stem cell population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Becker
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Katharina Lust
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Joachim Wittbrodt
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang HT, Gui T, Liu RX, Tong KL, Wu CJ, Li Z, Huang X, Xu QT, Yang J, Tang W, Sang Y, Liu W, Liu N, Ross RD, He QY, Zha ZG. Sequential targeting of YAP1 and p21 enhances the elimination of senescent cells induced by the BET inhibitor JQ1. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:121. [PMID: 33495462 PMCID: PMC7835383 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma (CHS) is the second most common bone malignancy with limited therapeutic approaches. Our previous study has found that Yes associated protein 1 (YAP1) is downregulated in CHS cells treated with bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitor JQ1. However, the precise role of YAP1 in CHS is largely unknown. Herein, we found that YAP1 expression was upregulated in CHS tissues, and positively correlated with its grading score. Loss of YAP1 inhibited CHS proliferation and induced cellular senescence, while expression of YAP1 mutants revealed YAP1/TEA domain family member (TEAD)-dependent negative regulation of p21 and subsequent cellular senescence. These results were validated by in vivo experiments using stable shYAP1 cell lines. Mechanistically, negative regulation of p21 by YAP1 occurred post-transcriptionally via Dicer-regulated miRNA networks, specifically, the miR-17 family. Furthermore, we demonstrated that sequential targeting of YAP1 and p21 enhanced the elimination of JQ1-induced senescent cells in a Bcl-2-like 1 (Bcl-XL)/Caspase-3 dependent manner. Altogether, we unveil a novel role of YAP1 signaling in mediating CHS cell senescence and propose a one-two punch approach that sequentially targets the YAP1/p21 axis to eliminate senescent cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Tian Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tao Gui
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ri-Xu Liu
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kui-Leung Tong
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong-Jie Wu
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyan Li
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Qiu-Tong Xu
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Tang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Sang
- Department of Joint Replacement and Trauma Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ryan D Ross
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qing-Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhen-Gang Zha
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thomann S, Weiler SME, Marquard S, Rose F, Ball CR, Tóth M, Wei T, Sticht C, Fritzsche S, Roessler S, De La Torre C, Ryschich E, Ermakova O, Mogler C, Kazdal D, Gretz N, Glimm H, Rempel E, Schirmacher P, Breuhahn K. YAP Orchestrates Heterotypic Endothelial Cell Communication via HGF/c-MET Signaling in Liver Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5502-5514. [PMID: 33087321 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The oncogene yes-associated protein (YAP) controls liver tumor initiation and progression via cell extrinsic functions by creating a tumor-supporting environment in conjunction with cell autonomous mechanisms. However, how YAP controls organization of the microenvironment and in particular the vascular niche, which contributes to liver disease and hepatocarcinogenesis, is poorly understood. To investigate heterotypic cell communication, we dissected murine and human liver endothelial cell (EC) populations into liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and continuous endothelial cells (CEC) through histomorphological and molecular characterization. In YAPS127A-induced tumorigenesis, a gradual replacement of LSECs by CECs was associated with dynamic changes in the expression of genes involved in paracrine communication. The formation of new communication hubs connecting CECs and LSECs included the hepatocyte growth factor (Hgf)/c-Met signaling pathway. In hepatocytes and tumor cells, YAP/TEA domain transcription factor 4 (TEAD4)-dependent transcriptional induction of osteopontin (Opn) stimulated c-Met expression in EC with CEC phenotype, which sensitized these cells to the promigratory effects of LSEC-derived Hgf. In human hepatocellular carcinoma, the presence of a migration-associated tip-cell signature correlated with poor clinical outcome and the loss of LSEC marker gene expression. The occurrence of c-MET-expressing CECs in human liver cancer samples was confirmed at the single-cell level. In summary, YAP-dependent changes of the liver vascular niche comprise the formation of heterologous communication hubs in which tumor cell-derived factors modify the cross-talk between LSECs and CECs via the HGF/c-MET axis. SIGNIFICANCE: YAP-dependent changes of the liver vascular niche comprise the formation of heterologous communication hubs in which tumor cell-derived factors modify the cross-talk between EC subpopulations. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/24/5502/F1.large.jpg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Thomann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sofia M E Weiler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Marquard
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Rose
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia R Ball
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcell Tóth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teng Wei
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Fritzsche
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Eduard Ryschich
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga Ermakova
- Center for Organismal Studies, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Kazdal
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus TU Dresden, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eugen Rempel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Masson C, García-García D, Bitard J, Grellier ÉK, Roger JE, Perron M. Yap haploinsufficiency leads to Müller cell dysfunction and late-onset cone dystrophy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:631. [PMID: 32801350 PMCID: PMC7429854 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hippo signalling regulates eye growth during embryogenesis through its effectors YAP and TAZ. Taking advantage of a Yap heterozygous mouse line, we here sought to examine its function in adult neural retina, where YAP expression is restricted to Müller glia. We first discovered an unexpected temporal dynamic of gene compensation. At postnatal stages, Taz upregulation occurs, leading to a gain of function-like phenotype characterised by EGFR signalling potentiation and delayed cell-cycle exit of retinal progenitors. In contrast, Yap+/- adult retinas no longer exhibit TAZ-dependent dosage compensation. In this context, Yap haploinsufficiency in aged individuals results in Müller glia dysfunction, late-onset cone degeneration, and reduced cone-mediated visual response. Alteration of glial homeostasis and altered patterns of cone opsins were also observed in Müller cell-specific conditional Yap-knockout aged mice. Together, this study highlights a novel YAP function in Müller cells for the maintenance of retinal tissue homeostasis and the preservation of cone integrity. It also suggests that YAP haploinsufficiency should be considered and explored as a cause of cone dystrophies in human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christel Masson
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France.
| | - Diana García-García
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Juliette Bitard
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Élodie-Kim Grellier
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Jérôme E Roger
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France.
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This study shows that nonvisual mechanism(s) can guide chick eyes to recover from myopia or hyperopia bidirectionally to regain their age-matched length. Because eye growth control is phylogenetically conserved across many species, it is possible that, in general, emmetropization mechanisms are not exclusively based on a local visual feedback system. PURPOSE Across species, growing eyes compensate for imposed defocus by modifying their growth, showing the visual controls on eye growth and emmetropization. When the spectacle lens is removed, the eyes rapidly recover back to a normal size similar to that in the untreated eyes. We asked whether this recovery process was dependent on visual feedback or whether it might be guided by intrinsic nonvisual mechanisms. METHODS Chicks wore either a +7 (n = 16) or -7 D (n = 16) lens over one eye for 4 to 7 days; the fellow eye was left untreated. After lens removal, half were recovered in darkness and half in white light. Refractive error and ocular dimensions were measured before and after lens treatment and after recovery with a Hartinger refractometer and A-scan biometer, respectively. RESULTS Whereas chick eyes completely recovered from prior lens treatment under normal light after 2 days, they also partially recovered from prior hyperopia (by 60%) and myopia (by 69%) after being kept in darkness for 3 days: a +7 and -7 D lens induced a difference between the eyes of +7.08 and -4.69 D, respectively. After recovery in darkness, the eyes recovered by 3.18 and 2.88 D, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of visual cues, anisometropic eyes can modify and reverse their growth to regain a similar length to their fellow untreated eye. Because eye growth control is phylogenetically conserved across many species, it is possible that nonvisual mechanisms may contribute more generally to emmetropization and that recovery from anisometropic refractive errors may not be wholly visually controlled.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lu Q, Scott PA, Vukmanic EV, Kaplan HJ, Dean DC, Li Q. Yap1 is required for maintenance of adult RPE differentiation. FASEB J 2020; 34:6757-6768. [PMID: 32223016 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903234r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear YAP1 plays a critical role in regulation of stem cell proliferation, tissue regeneration, and organ size in many types of epithelia. Due to rapid turnover of most epithelial cell types, the cytoplasmic function of YAP1 in epithelial cells has not been well studied. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a highly polarized epithelial cell type maintained at a senescence state, and offers an ideal cell model to study the active role of YAP1 in maintenance of the adult epithelial phenotype. Here, we show that the cytoplasmic function of YAP1 is essential to maintain adult RPE differentiation. Knockout of Yap1 in the adult mouse RPE caused cell depolarization and tight junction breakdown, and led to inhibition of RPE65 expression, diminishment of RPE pigments, and retraction of microvilli and basal infoldings. These changes in RPE further prompted the loss of adjacent photoreceptor outer segments and photoreceptor death, which eventually led to decline of visual function in older mice between 6 and 12 months of age. Furthermore, nuclear β-catenin and its activity were significantly increased in mutant RPE. These results suggest that YAP1 plays an important role in active inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and is essential for downregulation of β-catenin nuclear activity and prevention of dedifferentiation of adult RPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxian Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Patrick A Scott
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Eric V Vukmanic
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Qiutang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size control, and regeneration. The core of the Hippo pathway in mammals consists of a kinase cascade, MST1/2 and LATS1/2, as well as downstream effectors, transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ. These core components of the Hippo pathway control transcriptional programs involved in cell proliferation, survival, mobility, stemness, and differentiation. The Hippo pathway is tightly regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic signals, such as mechanical force, cell-cell contact, polarity, energy status, stress, and many diffusible hormonal factors, the majority of which act through G protein-coupled receptors. Here, we review the current understanding of molecular mechanisms by which signals regulate the Hippo pathway with an emphasis on mechanotransduction and the effects of this pathway on basic biology and human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; , , ,
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; , , ,
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; , , ,
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; , , ,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Trujillo-Gonzalez I, Friday WB, Munson CA, Bachleda A, Weiss ER, Alam NM, Sha W, Zeisel SH, Surzenko N. Low availability of choline in utero disrupts development and function of the retina. FASEB J 2019; 33:9194-9209. [PMID: 31091977 PMCID: PMC6662989 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900444r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adequate supply of choline, an essential nutrient, is necessary to support proper brain development. Whether prenatal choline availability plays a role in development of the visual system is currently unknown. In this study, we addressed the role of in utero choline supply for the development and later function of the retina in a mouse model. We lowered choline availability in the maternal diet during pregnancy and assessed proliferative and differentiation properties of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) in the developing prenatal retina, as well as visual function in adult offspring. We report that low choline availability during retinogenesis leads to persistent retinal cytoarchitectural defects, ranging from focal lesions with displacement of retinal neurons into subretinal space to severe hypocellularity and ultrastructural defects in photoreceptor organization. We further show that low choline availability impairs timely differentiation of retinal neuronal cells, such that the densities of early-born retinal ganglion cells, amacrine and horizontal cells, as well as cone photoreceptor precursors, are reduced in low choline embryonic d 17.5 retinas. Maintenance of higher proportions of RPCs that fail to exit the cell cycle underlies aberrant neuronal differentiation in low choline embryos. Increased RPC cell cycle length, and associated reduction in neurofibromin 2/Merlin protein, an upstream regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway, at least in part, explain aberrant neurogenesis in low choline retinas. Furthermore, we find that animals exposed to low choline diet in utero exhibit a significant degree of intraindividual variation in vision, characterized by marked functional discrepancy between the 2 eyes in individual animals. Together, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that choline availability plays an essential role in the regulation of temporal progression of retinogenesis and provide evidence for the importance of adequate supply of choline for proper development of the visual system.-Trujillo-Gonzalez, I., Friday, W. B., Munson, C. A., Bachleda, A., Weiss, E. R., Alam, N. M., Sha, W., Zeisel, S. H., Surzenko, N. Low availability of choline in utero disrupts development and function of the retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isis Trujillo-Gonzalez
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Walter B. Friday
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carolyn A. Munson
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amelia Bachleda
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ellen R. Weiss
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nazia M. Alam
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Visual Restoration, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA
| | - Wei Sha
- Bioinformatics Services Division, University of North Carolina–Charlotte, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven H. Zeisel
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalia Surzenko
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Locker M, Perron M. In Vivo Assessment of Neural Precursor Cell Cycle Kinetics in the Amphibian Retina. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2019; 2019:pdb.prot105536. [PMID: 31147394 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle progression is intimately linked to cell fate commitment during development. In addition, adult stem cells show specific proliferative behaviors compared to progenitors. Exploring cell cycle dynamics and regulation is therefore of utmost importance, but constitutes a great challenge in vivo. Here we provide a protocol for evaluating in vivo the length of all cell cycle phases of neural stem and progenitor cells in the post-embryonic Xenopus retina. These cells are localized in the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ), a peripheral region of the retina that sustains continuous neurogenesis throughout the animal's life. The CMZ bears two tremendous advantages for cell cycle kinetics analyses. First, this region, where proliferative cells are sequestered, can be easily delineated. Second, the spatial organization of the CMZ mirrors the temporal sequence of retinal development, allowing for topological distinction between retinal stem cells (residing in the most peripheral margin), and amplifying progenitors (located more centrally). We describe herein how to determine CMZ cell cycle parameters using a combination of (i) a cumulative labeling assay, (ii) the percentage of labeled mitosis calculation, and (iii) the mitotic index measurement. Taken together, these techniques allow us to estimate total cell cycle length (TC) as well as the duration of all cell cycle phases (TS/G2/M/G1). Although the method presented here was adapted to the particular system of the CMZ, it should be applicable to other tissues and developmental stages as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Locker
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Husari A, Steinberg T, Dieterle MP, Prucker O, Rühe J, Jung B, Tomakidi P. On the relationship of YAP and FAK in hMSCs and osteosarcoma cells: Discrimination of FAK modulation by nuclear YAP depletion or YAP silencing. Cell Signal 2019; 63:109382. [PMID: 31376525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The HIPPO pathway effector YAP has been shown to be regulated by FAK-signaling. However, the existence of an inverse relationship between YAP and FAK is unknown. Here we demonstrate in hMSCs and in the human osteosarcoma derived cell line Saos that Verteporfin- or RNAi-dependent YAP depletion has opposing influence on FAK. While Verteporfin strikingly reduced cellular FAK protein and phosphorylation, RNAi led to an increase of both molecules and point on a generalizable aspect of the YAP/FAK interrelationship. YAP depletion also caused down-regulation of osteogenic genes in hMSCs, irrespective from the YAP intervention mode. Verteporfin induced topological changes in conjunction with reduced protein levels of β1 integrin, paxillin, and zyxin of focal adhesions (FAs) in hMSCs, suggesting FAK-decrease-related alterations in FAs, which seems to be a FAK-dependent mechanism. On the cell behavioral level, YAP-FAK-interrelation involves proliferation and senescence, as indicated by proliferation inhibition and increase of β-Galactosidase-activity in hMSCs. Our findings, derived from this dual strategy of YAP intervention, reveal a YAP-FAK relationship in conjunction with molecular and cell behavioral consequences. Moreover, they deepen the current scientific knowledge on YAP from a different scientific point of view, since this inverse YAP/FAK-relationship seems to be transferrable to other cell types, including cell entities with pathological background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Husari
- Department of Orthodontics, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 101, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Philipp Dieterle
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Oswald Prucker
- IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 101, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 101, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Britta Jung
- Department of Orthodontics, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hamon A, García-García D, Ail D, Bitard J, Chesneau A, Dalkara D, Locker M, Roger JE, Perron M. Linking YAP to Müller Glia Quiescence Exit in the Degenerative Retina. Cell Rep 2019; 27:1712-1725.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
20
|
He Q, Gao Y, Wang T, Zhou L, Zhou W, Yuan Z. Deficiency of Yes-Associated Protein Induces Cataract in Mice. Aging Dis 2019; 10:293-306. [PMID: 31011480 PMCID: PMC6457047 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataract is a major cause of blindness worldwide, its complicated and unclear etiopathogenesis limit effective therapy. Here, we found that Yap, a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, is specifically expressed in lens epithelial cells and Yap conditional knockout (cKO) in the lens leads to cataract. Histologically, Yap deficient lens show fewer epithelial cells, retention of nuclei and accumulation of morgagnian globules in the transitional zone and the posterior area. Mechanistically, GFAP-mediated Yap cKO leads to the reduced proliferation of epithelial cells, delayed fiber cell denucleation and increased cellular senescence in lens. Further RNA profiling analysis reveals Yap cKO results in a significant alteration in gene transcription that is involved in eye development, lens structure, inflammation, cellular proliferation and polarity. Collectively, our data reveal a novel function of Yap in the lens and links Yap deficiency with the development of cataract, making Yap a promising target for cataract therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- 1State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,2The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.,3College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhao Gao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,2The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.,3College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongxing Wang
- 4Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.,5State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lujun Zhou
- 2The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.,3College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- 4Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.,5State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- 2The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hu J, Liu T, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Zhu F. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein promotes vascular endothelial cell dysfunction by stimulating miR-496 expression and inhibiting the Hippo pathway effector YAP. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:528-538. [PMID: 30811087 PMCID: PMC6850352 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) can damage vascular endothelial cells and cause atherosclerosis, but its epigenetic regulatory mechanism has not been fully elucidated. We show that ox‐LDL induced significant apoptosis and loss of function in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). At the same time, ox‐LDL significantly decreased the expression of Hippo–YAP/ZAP (Yes‐associated protein/YLP motif–containing 1) pathway proteins as compared to that of the control. The luciferase reporter system confirmed that microRNA (miR)‐496 silenced YAP gene expression by binding to its 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR). Ox‐LDL–treated miR‐496 overexpression HUVECs had a higher apoptosis rate and more severe dysfunction compared to the control cells. This in‐depth study shows that ox‐LDL inhibits YAP protein expression by inducing miR‐496 expression, leading to its inability to enter the nucleus, thereby losing its function as a transcriptional cofactor for activating the downstream genes. Our findings reveal that, through epigenetic modification, ox‐LDL can inhibit the normal expression of Hippo–YAP/ZAP pathway proteins via miR‐496 expression and induce vascular endothelial cell dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Research Center, China Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Te Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- Medical School, JiangSu University, Zhengjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yawei Xu
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Fu Zhu
- Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Research Center, China Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim S, Thomasy SM, Raghunathan VK, Teixeira LB, Moshiri A, FitzGerald P, Murphy CJ. Ocular phenotypic consequences of a single copy deletion of the Yap1 gene ( Yap1 +/-) in mice. Mol Vis 2019; 25:129-142. [PMID: 30820148 PMCID: PMC6382475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the effects of a single copy deletion of Yap1 (Yap1 +/-) in the mouse eye, the ocular phenotypic consequences of Yap1 +/- were determined in detail. METHODS Complete ophthalmic examinations, as well as corneal esthesiometry, the phenol red thread test, intraocular pressure, and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography were performed on Yap1 +/- and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice between eyelid opening (2 weeks after birth) and adulthood (2 months and 1 year after birth). Following euthanasia, enucleated eyes were characterized histologically. RESULTS Microphthalmia with small palpebral fissures, corneal fibrosis, and reduced corneal sensation were common findings in the Yap1 +/- mice. Generalized corneal fibrosis precluded clinical examination of the posterior structures. Histologically, thinning and keratinization of the corneal epithelium were observed in the Yap1 +/- mice in comparison with the WT mice. Distorted collagen fiber arrangement and hypercellularity of keratocytes were observed in the stroma. Descemet's membrane was extremely thin and lacked an endothelial layer in the Yap1 +/- mice. The iris was adherent to the posterior cornea along most of its surface creating a distorted contour. Most of the Yap1 +/- eyes were microphakic with swollen fibers and bladder cells. The retinas of the Yap1 +/- mice were normal at 2 weeks and 2 months of age, but the presence of retinal abnormalities, including retinoschisis and detachment, was markedly increased in the Yap1 +/- mice at 1 year of age. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the heterozygous deletion of the Yap1 gene in mice leads to complex ocular abnormalities, including microphthalmia, corneal fibrosis, anterior segment dysgenesis, and cataract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Kim
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Vijay Krishna Raghunathan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX,The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Leandro B.C. Teixeira
- Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Ala Moshiri
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Paul FitzGerald
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA,Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Suzuki N, Hirano K, Ogino H, Ochi H. Arid3a regulates nephric tubule regeneration via evolutionarily conserved regeneration signal-response enhancers. eLife 2019; 8:43186. [PMID: 30616715 PMCID: PMC6324879 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibians and fish have the ability to regenerate numerous tissues, whereas mammals have a limited regenerative capacity. Despite numerous developmental genes becoming reactivated during regeneration, an extensive analysis is yet to be performed on whether highly regenerative animals utilize unique cis-regulatory elements for the reactivation of genes during regeneration and how such cis-regulatory elements become activated. Here, we screened regeneration signal-response enhancers at the lhx1 locus using Xenopus and found that the noncoding elements conserved from fish to human function as enhancers in the regenerating nephric tubules. A DNA-binding motif of Arid3a, a component of H3K9me3 demethylases, was commonly found in RSREs. Arid3a binds to RSREs and reduces the H3K9me3 levels. It promotes cell cycle progression and causes the outgrowth of nephric tubules, whereas the conditional knockdown of arid3a using photo-morpholino inhibits regeneration. These results suggest that Arid3a contributes to the regeneration of nephric tubules by decreasing H3K9me3 on RSREs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanoka Suzuki
- Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kodai Hirano
- Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hajime Ogino
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-hiroshima, Japan
| | - Haruki Ochi
- Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The peripheral eye: A neurogenic area with potential to treat retinal pathologies? Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 68:110-123. [PMID: 30201383 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous degenerative diseases affecting visual function, including glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa, are produced by the loss of different types of retinal cells. Cell replacement therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for treating these and other retinal diseases. The retinal margin or ciliary body (CB) of mammals has been proposed as a potential source of cells to be used in degenerative conditions affecting the retina because it has been reported it might hold neurogenic potential beyond embryonic development. However, many aspects of the origin and biology of the CB are unknown and more recent experiments have challenged the capacity of CB cells to generate different types of retinal neurons. Here we review the most recent findings about the development of the marginal zone of the retina in different vertebrates and some of the mechanisms underlying the proliferative and neurogenic capacity of this fascinating region of the vertebrates eye. In addition, we performed experiments to isolate CB cells from the mouse retina, generated neurospheres and observed that they can be expanded with a proliferative ratio similar to neural stem cells. When induced to differentiate, cells derived from the CB neurospheres start to express early neural markers but, unlike embryonic stem cells, they are not able to fully differentiate in vitro or generate retinal organoids. Together with previous reports on the neurogenic capacity of CB cells, also reviewed here, our results contribute to the current knowledge about the potentiality of this peripheral region of the eye as a therapeutic source of functional retinal neurons in degenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhu JY, Lin S, Ye J. YAP and TAZ, the conductors that orchestrate eye development, homeostasis, and disease. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:246-258. [PMID: 30094836 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional coactivators established as a nexus in numerous signaling pathways, notably in Hippo signaling. Previous research revealed multifarious function of YAP and TAZ in oncology and cardiovasology. Recently, the focus has been laid on their pivotal role in eye morphogenesis and homeostasis. In this review, we synthesize advances of YAP and TAZ function during eye development in different model organisms, introduce their function in different ocular tissues and eye diseases, and highlight the potential for therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lee M, Goraya N, Kim S, Cho SH. Hippo-yap signaling in ocular development and disease. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:794-806. [PMID: 29532607 PMCID: PMC5980750 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo-Yes associated protein (Yap) pathway plays an important role in organ size control by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and stem cell renewal. Hippo-Yap signaling also functions at the level of cellular development in a variety of organs through its effects on cell cycle control, cell survival, cell polarity, and cell fate. Because of its important roles in normal development and homeostasis, abnormal regulation of this pathway has been shown to lead to pathological outcomes such as tissue overgrowth, tumor formation, and abnormal organogenesis, including ocular-specific disorders. In this review, we summarize how normal and perturbed control of Yap signaling is implicated in ocular development and disease Developmental Dynamics 247:794-806, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lee
- Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Navneet Goraya
- Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Seonhee Kim
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Seo-Hee Cho
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao W, Liu H, Wang J, Wang M, Shao R. Cyclizing-berberine A35 induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis by activating YAP phosphorylation (Ser127). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:98. [PMID: 29728107 PMCID: PMC5935996 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A35 is a novel synthetic cyclizing-berberine recently patented as an antitumor compound. Based on its dual targeting topoisomerase (top) activity, A35 might overcome the resistance of single-target top inhibitors and has no cardiac toxicity for not targeting top2β. In this study we further explored the biological effects and mechanisms of A35. METHODS Antitumor activity of A35 was evaluated by SRB and colony formation assay. G2/M phase arrest (especially M) and first damage of M-phase cells were investigated by flow cytometry, cytogenetic analysis, immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation and WB. The key role of phospho-YAP (Ser127) in decreasing YAP nuclear localization, subsequent G2/M arrest and proliferation inhibition were explored by YAP1-/- cells, mutated Ser127 YAP construct (Ser127A) and TUNEL. RESULTS G2/M arrest induced by A35 was independent of p53. M phase cells at low dose were firstly damaged and most damaged-cells accumulated in M phase, and that was a result of preferring targeting top2α by A35, as top2α is essential to push M phase into next phase, and targeting top2α induced cells arrested at M phase. A35 decreased YAP1 nuclear localization by activating YAP phosphorylation (Ser127) which subsequently regulated the transcription of YAP target genes associated with growth and cycle regulation to induce G2/M arrest and growth inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our studies suggested the mechanism of G2/M arrest induced by A35 and a novel role of YAP1 (Ser127) in G2/M arrest. As a dual topoisomerase inhibitor characterized by no cardiac toxicity, A35 is a promising topoisomerase anticancer agent and worthy of further development in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | | | - Rongguang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang XM, Hashimoto T, Tang R, Yang XJ. Elevated expression of human bHLH factor ATOH7 accelerates cell cycle progression of progenitors and enhances production of avian retinal ganglion cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6823. [PMID: 29717171 PMCID: PMC5931526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of vertebrate retinal projection neurons, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), is regulated by cell-intrinsic determinants and cell-to-cell signaling events. The basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein Atoh7 is a key neurogenic transcription factor required for RGC development. Here, we investigate whether manipulating human ATOH7 expression among uncommitted progenitors can promote RGC fate specification and thus be used as a strategy to enhance RGC genesis. Using the chicken retina as a model, we show that cell autonomous expression of ATOH7 is sufficient to induce precocious RGC formation and expansion of the neurogenic territory. ATOH7 overexpression among neurogenic progenitors significantly enhances RGC production at the expense of reducing the progenitor pool. Furthermore, forced expression of ATOH7 leads to a minor increase of cone photoreceptors. We provide evidence that elevating ATOH7 levels accelerates cell cycle progression from S to M phase and promotes cell cycle exit. We also show that ATOH7-induced ectopic RGCs often exhibit aberrant axonal projection patterns and are correlated with increased cell death during the period of retinotectal connections. These results demonstrate the high potency of human ATOH7 in promoting early retinogenesis and specifying the RGC differentiation program, thus providing insight for manipulating RGC production from stem cell-derived retinal organoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Mei Zhang
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takao Hashimoto
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Tang
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xian-Jie Yang
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Moon KH, Kim JW. Hippo Signaling Circuit and Divergent Tissue Growth in Mammalian Eye. Mol Cells 2018; 41:257-263. [PMID: 29665674 PMCID: PMC5935098 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate organ development is accompanied by demarcation of tissue compartments, which grow coordinately with their neighbors. Hence, perturbing the coordinative growth of neighboring tissue compartments frequently results in organ malformation. The growth of tissue compartments is regulated by multiple intercellular and intracellular signaling pathways, including the Hippo signaling pathway that limits the growth of various organs. In the optic neuroepithelial continuum, which is partitioned into the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and ciliary margin (CM) during eye development, the Hippo signaling activity operates differentially, as it does in many tissues. In this review, we summarize recent studies that have explored the relationship between the Hippo signaling pathway and growth of optic neuroepithelial compartments. We will focus particularly on the roles of a tumor suppressor, neurofibromin 2 (NF2), whose expression is not only dependent on compartment-specific transcription factors, but is also subject to regulation by a Hippo-Yap feedback signaling circuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Hwan Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Le Blay K, Préau L, Morvan-Dubois G, Demeneix B. Expression of the inactivating deiodinase, Deiodinase 3, in the pre-metamorphic tadpole retina. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195374. [PMID: 29641587 PMCID: PMC5895027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) orchestrates amphibian metamorphosis. Thus, this developmental phase is often used to study TH-dependent responses in specific tissues. However, TH signaling appears early in development raising the question of the control of TH availability in specific cell types prior to metamorphosis. TH availability is under strict temporal and tissue-specific control by deiodinases. We examined the expression of the TH-inactivating enzyme, deiodinase type 3 (D3), during early retinal development. To this end we created a Xenopus laevis transgenic line expressing GFP from the Xenopus dio3 promoter region (pdio3) and followed pdio3-GFP expression in pre-metamorphic tadpoles. To validate retinal GFP expression in the transgenic line as a function of dio3 promoter activity, we used in situ hybridization to compare endogenous dio3 expression to reporter-driven GFP activity. Retinal expression of dio3 increased during pre-metamorphosis through stages NF41, 45 and 48. Both sets of results show dio3 to have cell-specific, dynamic expression in the pre-metamorphic retina. At stage NF48, dio3 expression co-localised with markers for photoreceptors, rods, Opsin-S cones and bipolar neurons. In contrast, in post-metamorphic juveniles dio3 expression was reduced and spatially confined to certain photoreceptors and amacrine cells. We compared dio3 expression at stages NF41 and NF48 with TH-dependent transcriptional responses using another transgenic reporter line: THbZIP-GFP and by analyzing the expression of T3-regulated genes in distinct TH availability contexts. At stage NF48, the majority of retinal cells expressing dio3 were negative for T3 signaling. Notably, most ganglion cells were virtually both dio3-free and T3-responsive. The results show that dio3 can reduce TH availability at the cellular scale. Further, a reduction in dio3 expression can trigger fine-tuned T3 action in cell-type specific maturation at the right time, as exemplified here in photoreceptor survival in the pre-metamorphic retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Le Blay
- Département Adaptation du Vivant, UMR CNRS, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Laëtitia Préau
- Zoologisches Institut, Zell-und Entwicklungsbiologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ghislaine Morvan-Dubois
- Département Adaptation du Vivant, UMR CNRS, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Département Adaptation du Vivant, UMR CNRS, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu F, Wang G, Wang X, Che Z, Dong W, Guo X, Wang Z, Chen P, Hou D, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Pan Y, Yang D, Liu H. Targeting high Aurora kinases expression as an innovative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27953-27965. [PMID: 28427193 PMCID: PMC5438621 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aurora kinases A and B control tumorigenesis by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting proliferation and metastasis, however, it remains unknown whether Aurora A and B overexpressed concomitantly and its clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we obsearved Aurora A and B tended to overexpress parallelly on protein level (r = 0.8679, P < 0.0001) and their co-overexpression (Aurora AHBH), associated with the worst prognosis, was an independent predictor for the survival. Importantly, with the lower IC50 and stronger anti-tumor effect than selective inhibitors, SNS-314, the pan-inhibitor of Aurora kinases, which induced YAP (Yes-associated protein) reduction and resulted in P21 accumulation, significantly promoted the polyploidy (> 4N) formation and apoptosis in HCC. High YAP expression (YAPH) was associated with Aurora AHBH, and appeared to be an independent predictor for survival, but P21 not. Moreover, silencing YAP also induced P21 accumulation, and knockdown P21, which enhanced YAP accumulation and weakened the SNS-314-induced YAP reduction, impaired SNS-314-induced apoptosis. Therefore, P21 enhanced the apoptotic effect of SNS-314 in HCC. Taken together, our findings indicated Aurora kinases/YAP/P21 was an oncogenic signaling axis in HCC, and revealed targeting Aurora AHBH induced apoptosis by YAP suppression. Our results also provided a solid evidence for SNS-314 as a potential targeted therapy, and a proof-of-concept evidence for a possible combined therapy of SNS-314 plus Hippo pathway inhibitors on HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuchen Liu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.,Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guangyong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 411 Hospital of PLA, Shanghai 200081, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhihui Che
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Dong
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xinggang Guo
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhenguang Wang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Daisen Hou
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yida Pan
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dongqin Yang
- Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Furth N, Aylon Y, Oren M. p53 shades of Hippo. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:81-92. [PMID: 28984872 PMCID: PMC5729527 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The three p53 family members, p53, p63 and p73, are structurally similar and share many biochemical activities. Yet, along with their common fundamental role in protecting genomic fidelity, each has acquired distinct functions related to diverse cell autonomous and non-autonomous processes. Similar to the p53 family, the Hippo signaling pathway impacts a multitude of cellular processes, spanning from cell cycle and metabolism to development and tumor suppression. The core Hippo module consists of the tumor-suppressive MST-LATS kinases and oncogenic transcriptional co-effectors YAP and TAZ. A wealth of accumulated data suggests a complex and delicate regulatory network connecting the p53 and Hippo pathways, in a highly context-specific manner. This generates multiple layers of interaction, ranging from interdependent and collaborative signaling to apparent antagonistic activity. Furthermore, genetic and epigenetic alterations can disrupt this homeostatic network, paving the way to genomic instability and cancer. This strengthens the need to better understand the nuances that control the molecular function of each component and the cross-talk between the different components. Here, we review interactions between the p53 and Hippo pathways within a subset of physiological contexts, focusing on normal stem cells and development, as well as regulation of apoptosis, senescence and metabolism in transformed cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noa Furth
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Aylon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute, POB 26, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel. Tel: +972 89342358; Fax: +972 89346004; E-mail: or
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute, POB 26, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel. Tel: +972 89342358; Fax: +972 89346004; E-mail: or
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Moon KH, Kim HT, Lee D, Rao MB, Levine EM, Lim DS, Kim JW. Differential Expression of NF2 in Neuroepithelial Compartments Is Necessary for Mammalian Eye Development. Dev Cell 2017; 44:13-28.e3. [PMID: 29249622 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The optic neuroepithelial continuum of vertebrate eye develops into three differentially growing compartments: the retina, the ciliary margin (CM), and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Neurofibromin 2 (Nf2) is strongly expressed in slowly expanding RPE and CM compartments, and the loss of mouse Nf2 causes hyperplasia in these compartments, replicating the ocular abnormalities seen in human NF2 patients. The hyperplastic ocular phenotypes were largely suppressed by heterozygous deletion of Yap and Taz, key targets of the Nf2-Hippo signaling pathway. We also found that, in addition to feedback transcriptional regulation of Nf2 by Yap/Taz in the CM, activation of Nf2 expression by Mitf in the RPE and suppression by Sox2 in retinal progenitor cells are necessary for the differential growth of the corresponding cell populations. Together, our findings reveal that Nf2 is a key player that orchestrates the differential growth of optic neuroepithelial compartments during vertebrate eye development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Hwan Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Tai Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dahye Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Mahesh B Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Edward M Levine
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dae-Sik Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Galliot B, Crescenzi M, Jacinto A, Tajbakhsh S. Trends in tissue repair and regeneration. Development 2017; 144:357-364. [PMID: 28143842 DOI: 10.1242/dev.144279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The 6th EMBO conference on the Molecular and Cellular Basis of Regeneration and Tissue Repair took place in Paestum (Italy) on the 17th-21st September, 2016. The 160 scientists who attended discussed the importance of cellular and tissue plasticity, biophysical aspects of regeneration, the diverse roles of injury-induced immune responses, strategies to reactivate regeneration in mammals, links between regeneration and ageing, and the impact of non-mammalian models on regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Galliot
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 04, Switzerland
| | - Marco Crescenzi
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, National Institute of Health, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Jacinto
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cells & Development Unit, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hamon A, Masson C, Bitard J, Gieser L, Roger JE, Perron M. Retinal Degeneration Triggers the Activation of YAP/TEAD in Reactive Müller Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:1941-1953. [PMID: 28384715 PMCID: PMC6024660 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-21366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose During retinal degeneration, Müller glia cells respond to photoreceptor loss by undergoing reactive gliosis, with both detrimental and beneficial effects. Increasing our knowledge of the complex molecular response of Müller cells to retinal degeneration is thus essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this work was to identify new factors involved in Müller cell response to photoreceptor cell death. Methods Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed from wild-type and degenerating rd10 mouse retinas at P30. The changes in mRNA abundance for several differentially expressed genes were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR). Protein expression level and retinal cellular localization were determined by western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results Pathway-level analysis from whole transcriptomic data revealed the Hippo/YAP pathway as one of the main signaling pathways altered in response to photoreceptor degeneration in rd10 retinas. We found that downstream effectors of this pathway, YAP and TEAD1, are specifically expressed in Müller cells and that their expression, at both the mRNA and protein levels, is increased in rd10 reactive Müller glia after the onset of photoreceptor degeneration. The expression of Ctgf and Cyr61, two target genes of the transcriptional YAP/TEAD complex, is also upregulated following photoreceptor loss. Conclusions This work reveals for the first time that YAP and TEAD1, key downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway, are specifically expressed in Müller cells. We also uncovered a deregulation of the expression and activity of Hippo/YAP pathway components in reactive Müller cells under pathologic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annaïg Hamon
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France 2Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, Orsay, France
| | - Christel Masson
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France 2Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, Orsay, France
| | - Juliette Bitard
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France 2Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, Orsay, France
| | - Linn Gieser
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Jérôme E Roger
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France 2Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, Orsay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France 2Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tang X, Gao J, Jia X, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Pan W, He J. Bipotent progenitors as embryonic origin of retinal stem cells. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1833-1847. [PMID: 28465291 PMCID: PMC5461025 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201611057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In lower vertebrates, retinal stem cells (RSCs) capable of producing all retinal cell types are a resource for retinal tissue growth throughout life. However, the embryonic origin of RSCs remains largely elusive. Using a Zebrabow-based clonal analysis, we characterized the RSC niche in the ciliary marginal zone of zebrafish retina and illustrate that blood vessels associated with RSCs are required for the maintenance of actively proliferating RSCs. Full lineage analysis of RSC progenitors reveals lineage patterns of RSC production. Moreover, in vivo lineage analysis demonstrates that these RSC progenitors are the direct descendants of a set of bipotent progenitors in the medial epithelial layer of developing optic vesicles, suggesting the involvement of the mixed-lineage states in the RSC lineage specification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinling Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wencao Zhao
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weijun Pan
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie He
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Grove M, Kim H, Santerre M, Krupka AJ, Han SB, Zhai J, Cho JY, Park R, Harris M, Kim S, Sawaya BE, Kang SH, Barbe MF, Cho SH, Lemay MA, Son YJ. YAP/TAZ initiate and maintain Schwann cell myelination. eLife 2017; 6:e20982. [PMID: 28124973 PMCID: PMC5287714 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear exclusion of the transcriptional regulators and potent oncoproteins, YAP/TAZ, is considered necessary for adult tissue homeostasis. Here we show that nuclear YAP/TAZ are essential regulators of peripheral nerve development and myelin maintenance. To proliferate, developing Schwann cells (SCs) require YAP/TAZ to enter S-phase and, without them, fail to generate sufficient SCs for timely axon sorting. To differentiate, SCs require YAP/TAZ to upregulate Krox20 and, without them, completely fail to myelinate, resulting in severe peripheral neuropathy. Remarkably, in adulthood, nuclear YAP/TAZ are selectively expressed by myelinating SCs, and conditional ablation results in severe peripheral demyelination and mouse death. YAP/TAZ regulate both developmental and adult myelination by driving TEAD1 to activate Krox20. Therefore, YAP/TAZ are crucial for SCs to myelinate developing nerve and to maintain myelinated nerve in adulthood. Our study also provides a new insight into the role of nuclear YAP/TAZ in homeostatic maintenance of an adult tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Grove
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Center for Neural Repair, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Hyukmin Kim
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Center for Neural Repair, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Maryline Santerre
- FELS Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Alexander J Krupka
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Seung Baek Han
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Center for Neural Repair, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Jinbin Zhai
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Center for Neural Repair, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Jennifer Y Cho
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Center for Neural Repair, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Raehee Park
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Center for Neural Repair, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Michele Harris
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Seonhee Kim
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Center for Neural Repair, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Bassel E Sawaya
- FELS Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Shin H Kang
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Center for Neural Repair, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Seo-Hee Cho
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Center for Neural Repair, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Michel A Lemay
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Center for Neural Repair, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yap is essential for retinal progenitor cell cycle progression and RPE cell fate acquisition in the developing mouse eye. Dev Biol 2016; 419:336-347. [PMID: 27616714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Yap functions as a transcriptional regulator by acting together with sequence-specific DNA binding factors and transcription cofactors to mediate cell proliferation in developing epithelial tissues and tumors. An upstream kinase cascade controls nuclear localization and function in response to partially identified exogenous signals, including cell-to-cell contact. Nevertheless, its role in CNS development is poorly understood. In order to investigate Yap function in developing CNS, we characterized the cellular outcomes after selective Yap gene ablation in developing ocular tissues. When Yap was lost, presumptive retinal pigment epithelium acquired anatomical and molecular characteristics resembling those of the retinal epithelium rather than of RPE, including loss of pigmentation, pseudostratified epithelial morphology and ectopic induction of markers for retinal progenitor cells, like Chx10, and neurons, like β-Tubulin III. In addition, developing retina showed signs of progressive degeneration, including laminar folding, thinning and cell loss, which resulted from multiple defects in cell proliferation and survival, and in junction integrity. Furthermore, Yap-deficient retinal progenitors displayed decreased S-phase cells and altered cell cycle progression. Altogether, our studies not only illustrate the canonical function of Yap in promoting the proliferation of progenitors, but also shed new light on its evolutionarily conserved, instructive role in regional specification, maintenance of junctional integrity and precise regulation of cell proliferation during neuroepithelial development.
Collapse
|
39
|
Dee A, Li K, Heng X, Guo Q, Li JYH. Regulation of self-renewing neural progenitors by FGF/ERK signaling controls formation of the inferior colliculus. Development 2016; 143:3661-3673. [PMID: 27578777 DOI: 10.1242/dev.138537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The embryonic tectum displays an anteroposterior gradient in development and produces the superior colliculus and inferior colliculus. Studies suggest that partition of the tectum is controlled by different strengths and durations of FGF signals originated from the so-called isthmic organizer at the mid/hindbrain junction; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. We show that deleting Ptpn11, which links FGF with the ERK pathway, prevents inferior colliculus formation by depleting a previously uncharacterized stem cell zone. The stem-zone loss is attributed to shortening of S phase and acceleration of cell cycle exit and neurogenesis. Expression of a constitutively active Mek1 (Mek1DD), the known ERK activator, restores the tectal stem zone and the inferior colliculus without Ptpn11. By contrast, Mek1DD expression fails to rescue the tectal stem zone and the inferior colliculus in the absence of Fgf8 and the isthmic organizer, indicating that FGF and Mek1DD initiate qualitatively and/or quantitatively distinctive signaling. Together, our data show that the formation of the inferior colliculus relies on the provision of new cells from the tectal stem zone. Furthermore, distinctive ERK signaling mediates Fgf8 in the control of cell survival, tissue polarity and cytogenetic gradient during the development of the tectum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dee
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-6403, USA
| | - Kairong Li
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-6403, USA
| | - Xin Heng
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-6403, USA
| | - Qiuxia Guo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-6403, USA
| | - James Y H Li
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-6403, USA .,Institute for Systems Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
In this review, Meng et al. focus on recent developments in our understanding of the molecular actions of the core Hippo kinase cascade and discuss key open questions in Hippo pathway regulation and function. The Hippo pathway was initially identified in Drosophila melanogaster screens for tissue growth two decades ago and has been a subject extensively studied in both Drosophila and mammals in the last several years. The core of the Hippo pathway consists of a kinase cascade, transcription coactivators, and DNA-binding partners. Recent studies have expanded the Hippo pathway as a complex signaling network with >30 components. This pathway is regulated by intrinsic cell machineries, such as cell–cell contact, cell polarity, and actin cytoskeleton, as well as a wide range of signals, including cellular energy status, mechanical cues, and hormonal signals that act through G-protein-coupled receptors. The major functions of the Hippo pathway have been defined to restrict tissue growth in adults and modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in developing organs. Furthermore, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway leads to aberrant cell growth and neoplasia. In this review, we focus on recent developments in our understanding of the molecular actions of the core Hippo kinase cascade and discuss key open questions in the regulation and function of the Hippo pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Toshiro Moroishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Thuret R, Auger H, Papalopulu N. Analysis of neural progenitors from embryogenesis to juvenile adult in Xenopus laevis reveals biphasic neurogenesis and continuous lengthening of the cell cycle. Biol Open 2015; 4:1772-81. [PMID: 26621828 PMCID: PMC4736028 DOI: 10.1242/bio.013391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenopus laevis is a prominent model system for studying neural development, but our understanding of the long-term temporal dynamics of neurogenesis remains incomplete. Here, we present the first continuous description of neurogenesis in X. laevis, covering the entire period of development from the specification of neural ectoderm during gastrulation to juvenile frog. We have used molecular markers to identify progenitors and neurons, short-term bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation to map the generation of newborn neurons and dual pulse S-phase labelling to characterise changes in their cell cycle length. Our study revealed the persistence of Sox3-positive progenitor cells from the earliest stages of neural development through to the juvenile adult. Two periods of intense neuronal generation were observed, confirming the existence of primary and secondary waves of neurogenesis, punctuated by a period of quiescence before metamorphosis and culminating in another period of quiescence in the young adult. Analysis of multiple parameters indicates that neural progenitors alternate between global phases of differentiation and amplification and that, regardless of their behaviour, their cell cycle lengthens monotonically during development, at least at the population level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Thuret
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Hélène Auger
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nancy Papalopulu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|