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Umar AW, Ahmad N, Xu M. Reviving Natural Rubber Synthesis via Native/Large Nanodiscs. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1468. [PMID: 38891415 PMCID: PMC11174458 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) is utilized in more than 40,000 products, and the demand for NR is projected to reach $68.5 billion by 2026. The primary commercial source of NR is the latex of Hevea brasiliensis. NR is produced by the sequential cis-condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) through a complex known as the rubber transferase (RTase) complex. This complex is associated with rubber particles, specialized organelles for NR synthesis. Despite numerous attempts to isolate, characterize, and study the RTase complex, definitive results have not yet been achieved. This review proposes an innovative approach to overcome this longstanding challenge. The suggested method involves isolating the RTase complex without using detergents, instead utilizing the native membrane lipids, referred to as "natural nanodiscs", and subsequently reconstituting the complex on liposomes. Additionally, we recommend the adaptation of large nanodiscs for the incorporation and reconstitution of the RTase complex, whether it is in vitro transcribed or present within the natural nanodiscs. These techniques show promise as a viable solution to the current obstacles. Based on our experimental experience and insights from published literature, we believe these refined methodologies can significantly enhance our understanding of the RTase complex and its role in in vitro NR synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wakeel Umar
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai (BNUZ), Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Ming Xu
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai (BNUZ), Zhuhai 519087, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Carbon Neutrality, Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Jiangmen 529199, China
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2
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Kuroiwa F, Suda H, Yabuki M, Atsuzawa K, Yamaguchi H, Toyota M, Kaneko Y, Yamashita S, Takahashi S, Tozawa Y. Cell-free translation system with artificial lipid-monolayer particles as a unique tool for characterizing lipid-monolayer binding proteins. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:555-560. [PMID: 38444196 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Methods for functional analysis of proteins specifically localizing to lipid monolayers such as rubber particles and lipid droplets are limited. We have succeeded in establishing a system in which artificially prepared lipid monolayer particles are added to a cell-free translation system to confirm the properties of proteins that specifically bind to lipid monolayers in a translation-coupled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Kuroiwa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiraku Suda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Maho Yabuki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kimie Atsuzawa
- Comprehensive Analysis Center for Science, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Masatsugu Toyota
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kaneko
- Department of Natural Science in the Faculty of Education, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Takahashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Tozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
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3
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Payungwong N, Sakdapipanich J, Wu J, Ho CC. The Interplay of Protein Hydrolysis and Ammonia in the Stability of Hevea Rubber Latex during Storage. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4636. [PMID: 38139887 PMCID: PMC10747496 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) latex derived from Hevea brasiliensis is a complex colloid comprising mainly rubber hydrocarbons (latex particles) and a multitude of minor non-rubber constituents such as non-rubber particles, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and soluble organic and inorganic substances. NR latex is susceptible to enzymatic attack after it leaves the trees. It is usually preserved with ammonia and, to a lesser extent, with other preservatives to enhance its colloidal stability during storage. Despite numerous studies in the literature on the influence of rubber proteins on NR latex stability, issues regarding the effect of protein hydrolysis in the presence of ammonia on latex stability during storage are still far from resolved. The present work aims to elucidate the interplay between protein hydrolysis and ammoniation in NR latex stability. Both high- and low-ammonia (with a secondary preservative) NR latexes were used to monitor the changes in their protein compositions during storage. High-ammonia (FNR-A) latex preserved with 0.6% (v/v) ammonia, a low 0.1% ammonia/TMTD/ZnO (FNR-TZ) latex, and a deproteinized NR (PDNR) latex were labeled with fluorescence agents and observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine their protein composition. Protein hydrolysis was confirmed via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results revealed that protein hydrolysis increased with the storage duration. The change in protein composition accompanying hydrolysis also allows the spatial distribution of allergenic proteins to be estimated in the latex. Concurrently, the latex stability increased with the storage duration, as measured by the latex's mechanical stability time (MST) and the zeta potential of the latex particles. As monitored by AFM, the surface roughness of the NR latex film increased markedly during extended storage compared with that of the DPNR latex, which remained smooth. These results underscore the pivotal role of ammonia in bolstering NR latex stability brought on by protein hydrolysis, which greatly impacts latex film's formation behavior. NR latex stability underpins the quality of latex-dipped goods during manufacturing, particularly those for medical gloves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narueporn Payungwong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Jitladda Sakdapipanich
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Jinrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Chee-Cheong Ho
- Faculty of Science, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Kajang 43000, Malaysia;
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4
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Tan Y, Cao J, Tang C, Liu K. Advances in Genome Sequencing and Natural Rubber Biosynthesis in Rubber-Producing Plants. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9342-9353. [PMID: 38132431 PMCID: PMC10741621 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene, NR) is an important raw material utilized widely in the manufacturing of medical, agricultural, and industrial products. Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) and several alternative rubber-producing plants (Taraxacum kok-saghyz, Lactuca sativa, and Parthenium argentatum) have the capability to produce high-quality NR. With the progress of genome sequencing, similar rubber biosynthesis pathways have been discovered among different rubber-producing plant species. NR is synthesized and stored in rubber particles, which are specialized organelles comprising a hydrophobic NR core surrounded by a lipid monolayer and membrane-bound proteins. The rubber transferase complex is considered to be the pivotal enzyme involved in catalyzing NR biosynthesis. However, the exact compositions of the RT complex in rubber-producing plants remain elusive and poorly understood. Here, we review the progress of genome sequencing, natural rubber biosynthesis, and the components of the RT complex in rubber-producing plants. We emphasize that identifying the detailed components of the RT complex holds great significance for exploring the mechanism of NR biosynthesis and accelerating molecular breeding in rubber-producing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Tan
- National Key Laboratory for Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.T.); (J.C.); (C.T.)
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of P.R. China, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jie Cao
- National Key Laboratory for Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.T.); (J.C.); (C.T.)
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of P.R. China, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chaorong Tang
- National Key Laboratory for Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.T.); (J.C.); (C.T.)
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of P.R. China, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Xishuangbanna 666100, China
| | - Kaiye Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Y.T.); (J.C.); (C.T.)
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of P.R. China, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Wadeesirisak K, Castano S, Vaysse L, Bonfils F, Peruch F, Rattanaporn K, Liengprayoon S, Lecomte S, Bottier C. Interactions of REF1 and SRPP1 rubber particle proteins from Hevea brasiliensis with synthetic phospholipids: Effect of charge and size of lipid headgroup. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 679:205-214. [PMID: 37708579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
According to the fatty acid and headgroup compositions of the phospholipids (PL) from Hevea brasiliensis latex, three synthetic PL were selected (i.e. POPA: 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate POPC: 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and POPG: 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol) to investigate the effect of PL headgroup on the interactions with two major proteins of Hevea latex, i.e. Rubber Elongation Factor (REF1) and Small Rubber Particle Protein (SRPP1). Protein/lipid interactions were screened using two models (lipid vesicles in solution or lipid monolayers at air/liquid interface). Calcein leakage, surface pressure, ellipsometry, microscopy and spectroscopy revealed that both REF1 and SRPP1 displayed stronger interactions with anionic POPA and POPG, as compared to zwitterionic POPC. A particular behavior of REF1 was observed when interacting with POPA monolayers (i.e. aggregation + modification of secondary structure from α-helices to β-sheets, characteristic of its amyloid aggregated form), which might be involved in the irreversible coagulation mechanism of Hevea rubber particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanthida Wadeesirisak
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sabine Castano
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR5248, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Laurent Vaysse
- CIRAD, UPR BioWooEB, F-34398, Montpellier, France; BioWooEB, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Bonfils
- CIRAD, UPR BioWooEB, F-34398, Montpellier, France; BioWooEB, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Peruch
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Kittipong Rattanaporn
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriluck Liengprayoon
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR5248, F-33600, Pessac, France.
| | - Céline Bottier
- CIRAD, UPR BioWooEB, F-34398, Montpellier, France; BioWooEB, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.
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6
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Kwon M, Hodgins CL, Salama EM, Dias KR, Parikh A, Mackey AV, Catenza KF, Vederas JC, Ro DK. New insights into natural rubber biosynthesis from rubber-deficient lettuce mutants expressing goldenrod or guayule cis-prenyltransferase. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:1098-1111. [PMID: 37247337 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce produces natural rubber (NR) with an average Mw of > 1 million Da in laticifers, similar to NR from rubber trees. As lettuce is an annual, self-pollinating, and easily transformable plant, it is an excellent model for molecular genetic studies of NR biosynthesis. CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis was optimized using lettuce hairy roots, and NR-deficient lettuce was generated via bi-allelic mutations in cis-prenyltransferase (CPT). This is the first null mutant of NR deficiency in plants. In the CPT mutant, orthologous CPT counterparts from guayule (Parthenium argentatum) and goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) were expressed under a laticifer-specific promoter to examine how the average Mw of NR is affected. No developmental defects were observed in the NR-deficient mutants. The lettuce mutants expressing guayule and goldenrod CPT produced 1.8 and 14.5 times longer NR, respectively, than the plants of their origin. This suggests that, although goldenrod cannot synthesize a sufficiently lengthy NR, goldenrod CPT has the catalytic competence to produce high-quality NR in the cellular context of lettuce laticifers. Thus, CPT alone does not determine the length of NR. Other factors, such as substrate concentration, additional proteins, and/or the nature of protein complexes including CPT-binding proteins, influence CPT activity in determining NR length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonhyuk Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), ABC-RLRC, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Connor L Hodgins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Eman M Salama
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kayla R Dias
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Aalap Parikh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ashlyn V Mackey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Karizza F Catenza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - John C Vederas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dae-Kyun Ro
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Dong G, Wang H, Qi J, Leng Y, Huang J, Zhang H, Yan J. Transcriptome analysis of Taraxacum kok-saghyz reveals the role of exogenous methyl jasmonate in regulating rubber biosynthesis and drought tolerance. Gene 2023; 867:147346. [PMID: 36898514 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Taraxacum kok-saghyz has been identified as one of the most promising alternative rubber crops, with laticifer cells that produce high-quality rubber. To uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating natural rubber biosynthesis under MeJA induction, a reference transcriptome was constructed from nine samples of T. kok-saghyz. MeJA treatment was applied for 0 h (control), 6 h, and 24 h. A total of 7452 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in response to MeJA stress, relative to the control. Functional enrichment showed that these DEGs were primarily related to hormone signaling, defensive responses, and secondary metabolism. Combined analysis of the DEGs induced by MeJA and high-expression genes in laticifer cells further identified seven DEGs related to natural rubber biosynthesis that were upregulated in latex tissue, suggesting that these candidate genes could prove valuable in studying the mechanism of MeJA-mediated natural rubber biosynthesis. In addition, 415 MeJA-responsive DEGs were from several transcription factor families associated with drought resistance. This study helps to elucidate the mechanism of natural rubber biosynthesis in T. kok-saghyz in response to MeJA stress and identifies key candidate MeJA-induced DEGs in laticifer tissue, as well as a candidate drought-response target gene, whose knowledge will promote the breeding of T. kok-saghyz in the aspect of rubber yields and quality, and drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoquan Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Hainan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jiyan Qi
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yadong Leng
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jun Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of gardening and greening, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China.
| | - Jie Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
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Nie Z, Kang G, Yan D, Qin H, Yang L, Zeng R. Downregulation of HbFPS1 affects rubber biosynthesis of Hevea brasiliensis suffering from tapping panel dryness. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:504-520. [PMID: 36524729 PMCID: PMC10107253 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tapping panel dryness (TPD) is a century-old problem that has plagued the natural rubber production of Hevea brasiliensis. TPD may result from self-protective mechanisms of H. brasiliensis in response to stresses such as excessive hormone stimulation and mechanical wounding (bark tapping). It has been hypothesized that TPD impairs rubber biosynthesis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, we firstly verified that TPD-affected rubber trees exhibited lower rubber biosynthesis activity and greater rubber molecular weight compared to healthy rubber trees. We then demonstrated that HbFPS1, a key gene of rubber biosynthesis, and its expression products were downregulated in the latex of TPD-affected rubber trees, as revealed by transcriptome sequencing and iTRAQ-based proteome analysis. We further discovered that the farnesyl diphosphate synthase HbFPS1 could be recruited to small rubber particles by HbSRPP1 through protein-protein interactions to catalyze farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthesis and facilitate rubber biosynthesis initiation. FPP content in the latex of TPD-affected rubber trees was significantly decreased with the downregulation of HbFPS1, ultimately resulting in abnormal development of rubber particles, decreased rubber biosynthesis activity, and increased rubber molecular weight. Upstream regulator assays indicated that a novel regulator, MYB2-like, may be an important regulator of downregulation of HbFPS1 in the latex of TPD-affected rubber trees. Our findings not only provide new directions for studying the molecular events involved in rubber biosynthesis and TPD syndrome and contribute to rubber management strategies, but also broaden our knowledge of plant isoprenoid metabolism and its regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Nie
- Rubber Research Institute & Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber treesMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou571101HainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Materials Engineering for High Performance Natural Rubber, Hainnan ProvinceChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou571101HainanChina
| | - Guijuan Kang
- Rubber Research Institute & Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber treesMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou571101HainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Materials Engineering for High Performance Natural Rubber, Hainnan ProvinceChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou571101HainanChina
| | - Dong Yan
- Rubber Research Institute & Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber treesMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou571101HainanChina
| | - Huaide Qin
- Rubber Research Institute & Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber treesMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou571101HainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Materials Engineering for High Performance Natural Rubber, Hainnan ProvinceChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou571101HainanChina
| | - Lifu Yang
- Institute of Scientific and Technical InformationChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou571101HainanChina
| | - Rizhong Zeng
- Rubber Research Institute & Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber treesMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou571101HainanChina
- Key Laboratory of Materials Engineering for High Performance Natural Rubber, Hainnan ProvinceChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou571101HainanChina
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9
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Sui J, Xiao X, Yang J, Fan Y, Zhu S, Zhu J, Zhou B, Yu F, Tang C. The rubber tree RALF peptide hormone and its receptor protein kinase FER implicates in rubber production. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111510. [PMID: 36341879 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTORs (RALFs), which are secreted peptides serving as extracellular signals transduced to the inside of the cell, interact with the receptor-like kinase FERONIA (FER) and participates in various biological pathways. Here, we identified 23 RALF and 2 FER genes in Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree), and characterized their expression patterns in different tissues, across the process of leaf development, and in response to the rubber yield-stimulating treatments of tapping and ethylene. Four Hevea latex (the cytoplasm of rubber-producing laticifers)-abundant RALF isoforms, HbRALF19, HbRALF3, HbRALF22, and HbRALF16 were listed with descending expression levels. Of the four HbRALFs, expressions of HbRALF3 were markedly regulated in an opposite way by the treatments of tapping (depression) and ethylene (stimulation). All of the four latex-abundant RALFs specifically interacted with the extracellular domain of HbFER1. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing these HbRALFs displayed phenotypes similar to those reported for AtRALFs, such as shorter roots, smaller plant architecture, and delayed flowering. The application of HbRALF3 and HbRALF19 recombinant proteins significantly reduced the pH of Hevea latex, an important factor regulating latex metabolism. An in vitro rubber biosynthesis assay in a mixture of latex cytosol (C-serum) revealed a positive role of HbFER1 in rubber biosynthesis. Taken together, these data provide evidence for the participation of the HbRALF-FER module in rubber production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Sui
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; Scientific Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Xiaohu Xiao
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yujie Fan
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Sirui Zhu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jinheng Zhu
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Binhui Zhou
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Chaorong Tang
- Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province & Ministry of Education of PRC, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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10
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In Silico Genome-Wide Mining and Analysis of Terpene Synthase Gene Family in Hevea Brasiliensis. Biochem Genet 2022; 61:1185-1209. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Gutensohn M, Hartzell E, Dudareva N. Another level of complex-ity: The role of metabolic channeling and metabolons in plant terpenoid metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:954083. [PMID: 36035727 PMCID: PMC9399743 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.954083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids constitute one of the largest and most diverse classes of plant metabolites. While some terpenoids are involved in essential plant processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, growth, and development, others are specialized metabolites playing roles in the interaction of plants with their biotic and abiotic environment. Due to the distinct functions and properties of specific terpenoid compounds, there is a growing interest to introduce or modify their production in plants by metabolic engineering for agricultural, pharmaceutical, or industrial applications. The MVA and MEP pathways and the prenyltransferases providing the general precursors for terpenoid formation, as well as the enzymes of the various downstream metabolic pathways leading to the formation of different groups of terpenoid compounds have been characterized in detail in plants. In contrast, the molecular mechanisms directing the metabolic flux of precursors specifically toward one of several potentially competing terpenoid biosynthetic pathways are still not well understood. The formation of metabolons, multi-protein complexes composed of enzymes catalyzing sequential reactions of a metabolic pathway, provides a promising concept to explain the metabolic channeling that appears to occur in the complex terpenoid biosynthetic network of plants. Here we provide an overview about examples of potential metabolons involved in plant terpenoid metabolism that have been recently characterized and the first attempts to utilize metabolic channeling in terpenoid metabolic engineering. In addition, we discuss the gaps in our current knowledge and in consequence the need for future basic and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gutensohn
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Erin Hartzell
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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12
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Kutsukawa R, Imaizumi R, Suenaga‐Hiromori M, Takeshita K, Sakai N, Misawa S, Yamamoto M, Yamaguchi H, Miyagi‐Inoue Y, Waki T, Kataoka K, Nakayama T, Yamashita S, Takahashi S. Structure‐based engineering of a short‐chain
cis
‐prenyltransferase to biosynthesize nonnatural all‐
cis
‐polyisoprenoids: molecular mechanisms for primer substrate recognition and ultimate product chain‐length determination. FEBS J 2022; 289:4602-4621. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kutsukawa
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Riki Imaizumi
- Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Japan
| | | | | | | | - Shuto Misawa
- Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Japan
| | | | | | | | - Toshiyuki Waki
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Kunishige Kataoka
- Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Japan
| | - Toru Nakayama
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Japan
| | - Seiji Takahashi
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan
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13
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Biopolymer production in microbiology by application of metabolic engineering. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Reconstitution of prenyltransferase activity on nanodiscs by components of the rubber synthesis machinery of the Para rubber tree and guayule. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3734. [PMID: 35260628 PMCID: PMC8904820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber of the Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is synthesized as a result of prenyltransferase activity. The proteins HRT1, HRT2, and HRBP have been identified as candidate components of the rubber biosynthetic machinery. To clarify the contribution of these proteins to prenyltransferase activity, we established a cell-free translation system for nanodisc-based protein reconstitution and measured the enzyme activity of the protein-nanodisc complexes. Co-expression of HRT1 and HRBP in the presence of nanodiscs yielded marked polyisoprene synthesis activity. By contrast, neither HRT1, HRT2, or HRBP alone nor a complex of HRT2 and HRBP manifested such activity. Similar analysis of guayule (Parthenium argentatum) proteins revealed that three HRT1 homologs (PaCPT1–3) manifested prenyltransferase activity only when co-expressed with PaCBP, the homolog of HRBP. Our results thus indicate that two heterologous subunits form the core prenyltransferase of the rubber biosynthetic machinery. A recently developed structure modeling program predicted the structure of such heterodimer complexes including HRT1/HRBP and PaCPT2/PaCBP. HRT and PaCPT proteins were also found to possess affinity for a lipid membrane in the absence of HRBP or PaCBP, and structure modeling implicated an amphipathic α-helical domain of HRT1 and PaCPT2 in membrane binding of these proteins.
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15
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Sompiyachoke K, Nagasaka A, Ito T, Hemmi H. Identification and biochemical characterization of a heteromeric cis-prenyltransferase from the thermophilic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus. J Biochem 2022; 171:641-651. [PMID: 35195245 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
cis-Prenyltransferases (cPTs) form linear polyprenyl pyrophosphates, the precursors of polyprenyl or dolichyl phosphates that are essential for cell function in all living organisms. Polyprenyl phosphate serves as a sugar-carrier for pesptidoglycan cell wall synthesis in bacteria, a role which dolichyl phosphate performs analogously for protein glycosylation in eukaryotes and archaea. Bacterial cPTs are characterized by their homodimeric structure, while cPTs from eukaryotes usually require two distantly homologous subunits for enzymatic activity. This study identifies the subunits of heteromeric cPT, Af1219 and Af0707, from a thermophilic sulfur-reducing archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus. Both subunits are indispensable for cPT activity, and their protein-protein interactions were demonstrated by a pulldown assay. Gel filtration chromatography and chemical cross-linking experiments suggest that Af1219 and Af0707 likely form a heterotetramer complex. Although this expected subunit composition agrees with a reported heterotetrameric structure of human hCIT/NgBR cPT complex, the similarity of the quaternary structures is likely a result of convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty Sompiyachoke
- School of Agricultural Sciences and Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 460-8601, Japan
| | - Arisa Nagasaka
- School of Agricultural Sciences and Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 460-8601, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ito
- School of Agricultural Sciences and Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 460-8601, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hemmi
- School of Agricultural Sciences and Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 460-8601, Japan
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16
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Li HL, Wang Y, Guo D, Zhu JH, Peng SQ. Differential Expression of lncRNAs and miRNAs Between Self-Rooting Juvenile and Donor Clones Unveils Novel Insight Into the Molecular Regulation of Rubber Biosynthesis in Hevea brasiliensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:740597. [PMID: 35069613 PMCID: PMC8767119 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.740597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) is a tropical tree species that produce natural rubber. Self-rooted juvenile clones (SRJCs) are novel rubber tree planting materials developed through primary somatic embryogenesis. SRJCs have a higher rubber yield compared with donor clones (DCs). The molecular basis underlying increased rubber yield in SRJCs remains largely unknown. Here, the latex from SRJCs and DCs were collected for strand-specific and small RNA-seq methods. A total of 196 differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (DELs), and 11 differentially expressed microRNAs were identified in latex between SRJCs and DCs. Targeted genes of DELs were markedly enriched for various biological pathways related to plant hormone signal transduction, photosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and amino acids biosynthesis. DELs probably acted as cis-acting regulation was calculated, and these DELs relevant to potentially regulate rubber biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species metabolism, and epigenetic modification. Furthermore, the DELs acting as microRNA targets were studied. The interaction of microRNA and DELs might involve in the regulation of natural rubber biosynthesis.
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17
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RNASeq analysis of drought-stressed guayule reveals the role of gene transcription for modulating rubber, resin, and carbohydrate synthesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21610. [PMID: 34732788 PMCID: PMC8566568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The drought-adapted shrub guayule (Parthenium argentatum) produces rubber, a natural product of major commercial importance, and two co-products with potential industrial use: terpene resin and the carbohydrate fructan. The rubber content of guayule plants subjected to water stress is higher compared to that of well-irrigated plants, a fact consistently reported in guayule field evaluations. To better understand how drought influences rubber biosynthesis at the molecular level, a comprehensive transcriptome database was built from drought-stressed guayule stem tissues using de novo RNA-seq and genome-guided assembly, followed by annotation and expression analysis. Despite having higher rubber content, most rubber biosynthesis related genes were down-regulated in drought-stressed guayule, compared to well-irrigated plants, suggesting post-transcriptional effects may regulate drought-induced rubber accumulation. On the other hand, terpene resin biosynthesis genes were unevenly affected by water stress, implying unique environmental influences over transcriptional control of different terpene compounds or classes. Finally, drought induced expression of fructan catabolism genes in guayule and significantly suppressed these fructan biosynthesis genes. It appears then, that in guayule cultivation, irrigation levels might be calibrated in such a regime to enable tunable accumulation of rubber, resin and fructan.
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18
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Chen X, Deng Z, Yu D, Zhang X, An Z, Wu W, Liang Q, Huang X, Huang H, Cheng H. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Small Nucleolar RNAs and Their Roles in Regulating Latex Regeneration in the Rubber Tree ( Hevea brasiliensis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:731484. [PMID: 34764965 PMCID: PMC8575768 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.731484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of conserved nuclear RNAs that play important roles in the modification of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) in plants. In rubber trees, rRNAs are run off with latex flow during tapping and need to be regenerated for maintaining the functions of the laticifer cells. SnoRNAs are expected to play essential roles in the regeneration of rRNAs. However, snoRNAs in the rubber tree have not been sufficiently characterized thus far. In this study, we performed nuclear RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify snoRNAs globally and investigate their roles in latex regeneration. We identified a total of 3,626 snoRNAs by computational prediction with nuclear RNA-seq data. Among these snoRNAs, 50 were highly expressed in latex; furthermore, the results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed the abundant expression of 31 of these snoRNAs in latex. The correlation between snoRNA expression and adjusted total solid content (TSC/C) identified 13 positively yield-correlated snoRNAs. To improve the understanding of latex regeneration in rubber trees, we developed a novel insulated tapping system (ITS), which only measures the latex regenerated in specific laticifers. Using this system, a laticifer-abundant snoRNA, HbsnoR28, was found to be highly correlated with latex regeneration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to globally identify snoRNAs that might be involved in latex regeneration regulation and provide new clues for unraveling the mechanisms underlying the regulation of latex regeneration.
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19
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Dai L, Yang H, Zhao X, Wang L. Identification of cis conformation natural rubber and proteins in Ficus altissima Blume latex. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:376-384. [PMID: 34404008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ficus altissima Blume, a horticultural plant in tropical and warm subtropical regions, can produce natural rubber with comparable molecular weight to the Hevea brasiliensis rubber. The F. altissima latex has an acidic pH (about 4.89). The rubber particle size distribution is a unimodal profile, and the peak frequency is at a size of 4.5 μm. The natural rubber of F. altissima was determined to be a cis conformation via 13C NMR. The Mp (molecular weight of the peak maxima) of the deproteinized F. altissima rubber was 9.34 × 105 Da. LC-MS was used to identify the proteins of rubber particles and serum. The most abundant protein of the creamy rubber particle layer is an acid phosphatase, while the most abundant proteins of serum were an (R)-mandelonitrilelyase and a polygalacturonase inhibitor. Pharmaceutical proteins (ficins) or enzymes related to the biosynthesis of natural medicines (a cannabidiolic acid synthase and two lupeol synthase) were identified in F. altissima latex. The data of this study may be helpful for research on the functions of latex in latex-borne plants and the biosynthesis mechanism of natural rubber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan, PR China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan, PR China.
| | - Xizhu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan, PR China.
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan, PR China.
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20
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21
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Nakano Y, Mitsuda N, Ide K, Mori T, Mira FR, Rosmalawati S, Watanabe N, Suzuki K. Transcriptome analysis of Pará rubber tree (H. brasiliensis) seedlings under ethylene stimulation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:420. [PMID: 34517831 PMCID: PMC8436496 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyioprene, NR) is an indispensable industrial raw material obtained from the Pará rubber tree (H. brasiliensis). Natural rubber cannot be replaced by synthetic rubber compounds because of the superior resilience, elasticity, abrasion resistance, efficient heat dispersion, and impact resistance of NR. In NR production, latex is harvested by periodical tapping of the trunk bark. Ethylene enhances and prolongs latex flow and latex regeneration. Ethephon, which is an ethylene-releasing compound, applied to the trunk before tapping usually results in a 1.5- to 2-fold increase in latex yield. However, intense mechanical damage to bark tissues by excessive tapping and/or over-stimulation with ethephon induces severe oxidative stress in laticifer cells, which often causes tapping panel dryness (TPD) syndrome. To enhance NR production without causing TPD, an improved understanding of the molecular mechanism of the ethylene response in the Pará rubber tree is required. Therefore, we investigated gene expression in response to ethephon treatment using Pará rubber tree seedlings as a model system. RESULTS After ethephon treatment, 3270 genes showed significant differences in expression compared with the mock treatment. Genes associated with carotenoids, flavonoids, and abscisic acid biosynthesis were significantly upregulated by ethephon treatment, which might contribute to an increase in latex flow. Genes associated with secondary cell wall formation were downregulated, which might be because of the reduced sugar supply. Given that sucrose is an important molecule for NR production, a trade-off may arise between NR production and cell wall formation for plant growth and for wound healing at the tapping panel. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic changes in gene expression occur specifically in response to ethephon treatment. Certain genes identified may potentially contribute to latex production or TPD suppression. These data provide valuable information to understand the mechanism of ethylene stimulation, and will contribute to improved management practices and/or molecular breeding to attain higher yields of latex from Pará rubber trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Nakano
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Kohei Ide
- Bridgestone Corporation, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8531, Japan
| | - Teppei Mori
- Bridgestone Corporation, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8531, Japan
| | - Farida Rosana Mira
- Laboratory for Biotechnology, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Build. 630, Puspiptek area, Serpong, Tangerang, Selatan, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Syofi Rosmalawati
- Laboratory for Biotechnology, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Build. 630, Puspiptek area, Serpong, Tangerang, Selatan, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Norie Watanabe
- Bridgestone Corporation, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8531, Japan
| | - Kaoru Suzuki
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
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22
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Xin S, Hua Y, Li J, Dai X, Yang X, Udayabhanu J, Huang H, Huang T. Comparative analysis of latex transcriptomes reveals the potential mechanisms underlying rubber molecular weight variations between the Hevea brasiliensis clones RRIM600 and Reyan7-33-97. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:244. [PMID: 34051757 PMCID: PMC8164328 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The processabilities and mechanical properties of natural rubber depend greatly on its molecular weight (MW) and molecular weight distribution (MWD). However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of molecular weight during rubber biosynthesis remain unclear. RESULTS In the present study, we determined the MW and particle size of latex from 1-year-old virgin trees and 30-year-old regularly tapped trees of the Hevea clones Reyan7-33-97 and RRIM600. The results showed that both the MW and the particle size of latex varied between these two clones and increased with tree age. Latex from RRIM600 trees had a smaller average particle size than that from Reyan7-33-97 trees of the same age. In 1-year-old trees, the Reyan7-33-97 latex displayed a slightly higher MW than that of RRIM600, whereas in 30-year-old trees, the RRIM600 latex had a significantly higher MW than the Reyan7-33-97 latex. Comparative analysis of the transcriptome profiles indicated that the average rubber particle size is negatively correlated with the expression levels of rubber particle associated proteins, and that the high-MW traits of latex are closely correlated with the enhanced expression of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) monomer-generating pathway genes and downstream allylic diphosphate (APP) initiator-consuming non-rubber pathways. By bioinformatics analysis, we further identified a group of transcription factors that potentially regulate the biosynthesis of IPP. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results revealed the potential regulatory mechanisms involving gene expression variations in IPP-generating pathways and the non-rubber isoprenoid pathways, which affect the ratios and contents of IPP and APP initiators, resulting in significant rubber MW variations among same-aged trees of the Hevea clones Reyan7-33-97 and RRIM600. Our findings provide a better understanding of rubber biosynthesis and lay the foundation for genetic improvement of rubber quality in H. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Xin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, P. R. China
| | - Ji Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, P. R. China
| | - Xianfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, P. R. China
| | - Jinu Udayabhanu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, P. R. China
| | - Huasun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, P. R. China.
| | - Tiandai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, P. R. China.
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23
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Okada M, Unno H, Emi KI, Matsumoto M, Hemmi H. A versatile cis-prenyltransferase from Methanosarcina mazei catalyzes both C- and O-prenylations. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100679. [PMID: 33872599 PMCID: PMC8131916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyprenyl groups, products of isoprenoid metabolism, are utilized in peptidoglycan biosynthesis, protein N-glycosylation, and other processes. These groups are formed by cis-prenyltransferases, which use allylic prenyl pyrophosphates as prenyl-donors to catalyze the C-prenylation of the general acceptor substrate, isopentenyl pyrophosphate. Repetition of this reaction forms (Z,E-mixed)-polyprenyl pyrophosphates, which are converted later into glycosyl carrier lipids, such as undecaprenyl phosphate and dolichyl phosphate. MM_0014 from the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina mazei is known as a versatile cis-prenyltransferase that accepts both isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate as acceptor substrates. To learn more about this enzyme’s catalytic activity, we determined the X-ray crystal structures of MM_0014 in the presence or absence of these substrates. Surprisingly, one structure revealed a complex with O-prenylglycerol, suggesting that the enzyme catalyzed the prenylation of glycerol contained in the crystallization buffer. Further analyses confirmed that the enzyme could catalyze the O-prenylation of small alcohols, such as 2-propanol, expanding our understanding of the catalytic ability of cis-prenyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Okada
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Unno
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan; Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Emi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mayuko Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hemmi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
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Kajiura H, Yoshizawa T, Tokumoto Y, Suzuki N, Takeno S, Takeno KJ, Yamashita T, Tanaka SI, Kaneko Y, Fujiyama K, Matsumura H, Nakazawa Y. Structure-function studies of ultrahigh molecular weight isoprenes provide key insights into their biosynthesis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:215. [PMID: 33594248 PMCID: PMC7887238 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Some plant trans-1,4-prenyltransferases (TPTs) produce ultrahigh molecular weight trans-1,4-polyisoprene (TPI) with a molecular weight of over 1.0 million. Although plant-derived TPI has been utilized in various industries, its biosynthesis and physiological function(s) are unclear. Here, we identified three novel Eucommia ulmoides TPT isoforms—EuTPT1, 3, and 5, which synthesized TPI in vitro without other components. Crystal structure analysis of EuTPT3 revealed a dimeric architecture with a central hydrophobic tunnel. Mutation of Cys94 and Ala95 on the central hydrophobic tunnel no longer synthesizd TPI, indicating that Cys94 and Ala95 were essential for forming the dimeric architecture of ultralong-chain TPTs and TPI biosynthesis. A spatiotemporal analysis of the physiological function of TPI in E. ulmoides suggested that it is involved in seed development and maturation. Thus, our analysis provides functional and mechanistic insights into TPI biosynthesis and uncovers biological roles of TPI in plants. Kajiura and Yoshizawa et al. identify three new prenyltransferases in the tree Eucommia ulmoides that synthesize exceptionally high molecular weight trans-1,4-polyisoprene (TPI). Through crystal structure and mutational analyses, they identify key residues required for TPI synthesis and reveal its functional importance in seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kajiura
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Technical Research Institute, Hitachi Zosen Corporation, 2-2-11 Funamachi, Taisyo, Osaka, 551-0022, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshizawa
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yuji Tokumoto
- Technical Research Institute, Hitachi Zosen Corporation, 2-2-11 Funamachi, Taisyo, Osaka, 551-0022, Japan.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Technical Research Institute, Hitachi Zosen Corporation, 2-2-11 Funamachi, Taisyo, Osaka, 551-0022, Japan
| | - Shinya Takeno
- Technical Research Institute, Hitachi Zosen Corporation, 2-2-11 Funamachi, Taisyo, Osaka, 551-0022, Japan
| | - Kanokwan Jumtee Takeno
- Technical Research Institute, Hitachi Zosen Corporation, 2-2-11 Funamachi, Taisyo, Osaka, 551-0022, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamashita
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Tanaka
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kaneko
- Yeast Genetic Resources Lab, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Fujiyama
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Matsumura
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Yoshihisa Nakazawa
- Technical Research Institute, Hitachi Zosen Corporation, 2-2-11 Funamachi, Taisyo, Osaka, 551-0022, Japan. .,Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-josanjima, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan.
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Habib MAH, Ismail MN. Hevea brasiliensis latex proteomics: a review of analytical methods and the way forward. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:43-53. [PMID: 33108557 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber or latex from the Hevea brasiliensis is an important commodity in various economic sectors in today's modern society. Proteins have been detected in latex since the early twentieth century, and they are known to regulate various biological pathways within the H. brasiliensis trees such as the natural rubber biosynthesis, defence against pathogens, wound healing, and stress tolerance. However, the exact mechanisms of the pathways are still not clear. Proteomic analyses on latex have found various proteins and revealed how they fit into the mechanisms of the biological pathways. In the past three decades, there has been rapid latex protein identification due to the improvement of latex protein extraction methods, as well as the emergence of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS). In this manuscript, we reviewed the methods of latex protein extraction that keeps on improving over the past three decades as well as the results of numerous latex protein identification and quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Afiq Hazlami Habib
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Ismail
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Qu L, Li HL, Guo D, Wang Y, Zhu JH, Yin LY, Peng SQ. HbWRKY27, a group IIe WRKY transcription factor, positively regulates HbFPS1 expression in Hevea brasiliensis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20639. [PMID: 33244131 PMCID: PMC7692525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77805-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPS) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of farnesyl pyrophosphate, the main initiator for rubber chain initiation in Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. The transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of the FPS gene still not well understood. Here, a WRKY transcription factor designated HbWRKY27 was obtained by screening the latex cDNA library applied the HbFPS1 promoter as bait. HbWRKY27 interacted with the HbFPS1 promoter was further identified by individual Y1H and EMSA assays. HbWRKY27 belongs to group IIe WRKY subfamily which contains a typical WRKY domain and C-X5-CX23-HXH motif. HbWRKY27 was localized to the nucleus. HbWRKY27 predominantly accumulated in latex. HbWRKY27 was up-regulated in latex by ethrel, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and methyl jasmonate treatment. Transient expression of HbWRKY27 led to increasing the activity of the HbFPS1 promoter in tobacco plant, suggesting that HbWRKY27 positively regulates the HbFPS1 expression. Taken together, an upstream transcription factor of the key natural rubber biosynthesis gene HbFPS1 was identified and this study will provide novel transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of the FPS gene in Hevea brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Qu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, No.4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Hui-Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, No.4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, No.4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, No.4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jia-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, No.4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Li-Yan Yin
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Shi-Qing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, No.4 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, 571101, China.
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Yuan B, Ding G, Ma J, Wang L, Yu L, Ruan X, Zhang X, Zhang W, Wang X, Xie Q. Comparison of Morphological Characteristics and Determination of Different Patterns for Rubber Particles in Dandelion and Different Rubber Grass Varieties. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111561. [PMID: 33202722 PMCID: PMC7696596 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Russian dandelion Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS) is one promising alternative crop for natural rubber production. However, it is easily confused with other dandelions. In this study, we performed a systematical comparison of the morphological characteristics for different TKS varieties and common dandelion Taraxacum officinale (TO). Our results demonstrated that several obvious differences in morphology can be found between TKS and TO. TO leaf is a pinnate shape, its margin is heavily jagged and its base is cuneate, but TKS leaf is more cuneate and its leaf margin is nearly smooth and round. There are obvious differences for the outer bracts of TO and TKS flower buds. TKS bracts are oblanceolate, apex obtuse, margin smooth and sinuate, and its outer layer of flower buds and faceplate involucre sepal is buckled inward to form a certain angle. TKS is self-incompatible, and its seeds are spindle-shaped achene and show upright plumpness. A large amount of laticifer cells and rubber particles can be detected from many TKS tissues, and dry roots of TKS contain high contents of natural rubber. Laticifer cells and rubber particles can only be examined in the vein, stem, and roots of TKS. Our statical results also revealed that the numbers of laticifer cells and rubber particles have a positive relationship with the rubber content in TKS roots. These morphological features can help us to easily distinguish TKS from common dandelion and approximately estimate the rubber content in the roots of different TKS varieties for TKS breeding in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Y.); (L.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Guohua Ding
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Junjun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Y.); (L.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xueyu Ruan
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wangfeng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Agricultural College, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Y.); (L.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (Q.X.); Tel.: +86-898-65891065 (Q.X.)
| | - Quanliang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Y.); (L.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Agricultural College, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (Q.X.); Tel.: +86-898-65891065 (Q.X.)
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Lipid Composition of Latex and Rubber Particles in Hevea brasiliensis and Taraxacum kok-saghyz. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215110. [PMID: 33153210 PMCID: PMC7662343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber is usually synthesized in the rubber particles present in the latex of rubber-producing plants such as the Pará rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) and rubber dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz). Since the detailed lipid compositions of fresh latex and rubber particles of the plants are poorly known, the present study reports detailed compound lipid composition, focusing on phospholipids and galactolipids in the latex and rubber particles of the plants. In the fresh latex and rubber particles of both plants, phospholipids were much more dominant (85-99%) compared to galactolipids. Among the nine classes of phospholipids, phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were most abundant, at ~80%, in both plants. Among PCs, PC (36:4) and PC (34:2) were most abundant in the rubber tree and rubber dandelion, respectively. Two classes of galactolipids, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol and digalactosyl diacylglycerol, were detected as 12% and 1%, respectively, of total compound lipids in rubber tree, whereas their percentages in the rubber dandelion were negligible (< 1%). Overall, the compound lipid composition differed only slightly between the fresh latex and the rubber particles of both rubber plants. These results provide fundamental data on the lipid composition of rubber particles in two rubber-producing plants, which can serve as a basis for artificial rubber particle production in the future.
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Li Y, Wei H, Yang J, Du K, Li J, Zhang Y, Qiu T, Liu Z, Ren Y, Song L, Kang X. High-quality de novo assembly of the Eucommia ulmoides haploid genome provides new insights into evolution and rubber biosynthesis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:183. [PMID: 33328448 PMCID: PMC7603500 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00406-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the acquisition of a high-quality haploid chromosome-scale genome assembly for the first time in a tree species, Eucommia ulmoides, which is known for its rubber biosynthesis and medicinal applications. The assembly was obtained by applying PacBio and Hi-C technologies to a haploid that we specifically generated. Compared to the initial genome release, this one has significantly improved assembly quality. The scaffold N50 (53.15 MB) increased 28-fold, and the repetitive sequence content (520 Mb) increased by 158.24 Mb, whereas the number of gaps decreased from 104,772 to 128. A total of 92.87% of the 26,001 predicted protein-coding genes identified with multiple strategies were anchored to the 17 chromosomes. A new whole-genome duplication event was superimposed on the earlier γ paleohexaploidization event, and the expansion of long terminal repeats contributed greatly to the evolution of the genome. The more primitive rubber biosynthesis of this species, as opposed to that in Hevea brasiliensis, relies on the methylerythritol-phosphate pathway rather than the mevalonate pathway to synthesize isoprenyl diphosphate, as the MEP pathway operates predominantly in trans-polyisoprene-containing leaves and central peels. Chlorogenic acid biosynthesis pathway enzymes were preferentially expressed in leaves rather than in bark. This assembly with higher sequence contiguity can foster not only studies on genome structure and evolution, gene mapping, epigenetic analysis and functional genomics but also efforts to improve E. ulmoides for industrial and medical uses through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Wei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental, Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Du
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Qiu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyu Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianjun Song
- Hebei Huayang Fine Seeds and Seedlings Co., Ltd., 054700, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Kang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Combinatorial Metabolic Engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the Enhanced Production of the FPP-Derived Sesquiterpene Germacrene. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7040135. [PMID: 33114339 PMCID: PMC7712416 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7040135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Farnesyl diphosphate (FPP)-derived isoprenoids represent a diverse group of plant secondary metabolites with great economic potential. To enable their efficient production in the heterologous host Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we refined a metabolic engineering strategy using the CRISPR/Cas9 system with the aim of increasing the availability of FPP for downstream reactions. The strategy included the overexpression of mevalonate pathway (MVA) genes, the redirection of metabolic flux towards desired product formation and the knockout of genes responsible for competitive reactions. Following the optimisation of culture conditions, the availability of the improved FPP biosynthesis for downstream reactions was demonstrated by the expression of a germacrene synthase from dandelion. Subsequently, biosynthesis of significant amounts of germacrene-A was observed in the most productive strain compared to the wild type. Thus, the presented strategy is an excellent tool to increase FPP-derived isoprenoid biosynthesis in yeast.
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Structural basis of heterotetrameric assembly and disease mutations in the human cis-prenyltransferase complex. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5273. [PMID: 33077723 PMCID: PMC7573591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cis-prenyltransferase (hcis-PT) is an enzymatic complex essential for protein N-glycosylation. Synthesizing the precursor of the glycosyl carrier dolichol-phosphate, mutations in hcis-PT cause severe human diseases. Here, we reveal that hcis-PT exhibits a heterotetrameric assembly in solution, consisting of two catalytic dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase (DHDDS) and inactive Nogo-B receptor (NgBR) heterodimers. Importantly, the 2.3 Å crystal structure reveals that the tetramer assembles via the DHDDS C-termini as a dimer-of-heterodimers. Moreover, the distal C-terminus of NgBR transverses across the interface with DHDDS, directly participating in active-site formation and the functional coupling between the subunits. Finally, we explored the functional consequences of disease mutations clustered around the active-site, and in combination with molecular dynamics simulations, we propose a mechanism for hcis-PT dysfunction in retinitis pigmentosa. Together, our structure of the hcis-PT complex unveils the dolichol synthesis mechanism and its perturbation in disease. The human cis-prenyltransferase (hcis-PT) complex synthesizes the precursor of the glycosyl carrier dolichol-phosphate and as such it is essential for protein N-glycosylation. The crystal structure of the complex reveals unusual tetrameric architecture and provides insights into dolichol synthesis mechanism and functional consequences of disease-associated hcis-PT mutations.
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Kang G, Yan D, Chen X, Li Y, Yang L, Zeng R. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of a novel WRKY transcription factor HbWRKY83 possibly involved in rubber production of Hevea brasiliensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:483-493. [PMID: 32827873 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and developmental processes and various stress responses, and are also associated with jasmonic acid (JA) signaling in the regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis in plants. The regulatory networks mediated by WRKY proteins in the latex production of Hevea brasiliensis (the Pará rubber tree) are poorly understood. In this study, one novel WRKY gene (designated HbWRKY83) was identified from the latex of H. brasiliensis, and its functions were characterized via gene expression analysis in both the latex and HbWRKY83-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis. HbWRKY83 gene contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 921 bp encoding a 306-amino-acid protein which is clustered with group IIc WRKY TF. HbWRKY83 is a nuclear-localized protein with transcriptional activity. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated that the transcription level of HbWRKY83 was up-regulated by exogenous methyl jasmonate, Ethrel (ethylene releaser) stimulation, and bark tapping (mechanical wounding). Compared with the wild-type plants, overexpression of HbWRKY83 improved the tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis lines to drought and salt stresses by enhancing the expression levels of ethylene-insensitive3 transcription factors (EIN3s) and several stress-responsive genes, including Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases CSD1 (Cu/Zn-SOD1) and CSD2 (Cu/Zn-SOD2), related to reactive oxygen species scavenging. Additionally, these genes were also significantly up-regulated by bark tapping. In combination, these results suggest that HbWRKY83 might act as a positive regulator of rubber production by activating the expression of JA-, ethylene-, and wound-responsive genes in the laticiferous cells of rubber trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijuan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Lifu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Rizhong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China.
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Edani BH, Grabińska KA, Zhang R, Park EJ, Siciliano B, Surmacz L, Ha Y, Sessa WC. Structural elucidation of the cis-prenyltransferase NgBR/DHDDS complex reveals insights in regulation of protein glycosylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20794-20802. [PMID: 32817466 PMCID: PMC7456142 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008381117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cis-prenyltransferase (cis-PTase) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of glycosyl carrier lipids required for protein glycosylation in the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we report the crystal structure of the human NgBR/DHDDS complex, which represents an atomic resolution structure for any heterodimeric cis-PTase. The crystal structure sheds light on how NgBR stabilizes DHDDS through dimerization, participates in the enzyme's active site through its C-terminal -RXG- motif, and how phospholipids markedly stimulate cis-PTase activity. Comparison of NgBR/DHDDS with homodimeric cis-PTase structures leads to a model where the elongating isoprene chain extends beyond the enzyme's active site tunnel, and an insert within the α3 helix helps to stabilize this energetically unfavorable state to enable long-chain synthesis to occur. These data provide unique insights into how heterodimeric cis-PTases have evolved from their ancestral, homodimeric forms to fulfill their function in long-chain polyprenol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban H Edani
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Kariona A Grabińska
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Rong Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Eon Joo Park
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Benjamin Siciliano
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Liliana Surmacz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ya Ha
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520;
| | - William C Sessa
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520;
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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Identification and Characterization of Glycoproteins and Their Responsive Patterns upon Ethylene Stimulation in the Rubber Latex. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155282. [PMID: 32722428 PMCID: PMC7432319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber is an important industrial material, which is obtained from the only commercially cultivated rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. In rubber latex production, ethylene has been extensively used as a stimulant. Recent research showed that post-translational modifications (PTMs) of latex proteins, such as phosphorylation, glycosylation and ubiquitination, are crucial in natural rubber biosynthesis. In this study, comparative proteomics was performed to identify the glycosylated proteins in rubber latex treated with ethylene for different days. Combined with Pro-Q Glycoprotein gel staining and mass spectrometry techniques, we provided the first visual profiling of glycoproteomics of rubber latex and finally identified 144 glycosylated protein species, including 65 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) after treating with ethylene for three and/or five days. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation showed that these ethylene-responsive glycoproteins are mainly involved in cell parts, membrane components and metabolism. Pathway analysis demonstrated that these glycosylated rubber latex proteins are mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, degradation function and cellular processes in rubber latex metabolism. Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that these DAPs are mainly centered on acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGS) in the mevalonate pathway for natural rubber biosynthesis. In our glycoproteomics, three protein isoforms of HMGS2 were identified from rubber latex, and only one HMGS2 isoform was sharply increased in rubber latex by ethylene treatment for five days. Furthermore, the HbHMGS2 gene was over-expressed in a model rubber-producing grass Taraxacum Kok-saghyz and rubber content in the roots of transgenic rubber grass was significantly increased over that in the wild type plant, indicating HMGS2 is the key component for natural rubber production.
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Regulatory Potential of bHLH-Type Transcription Factors on the Road to Rubber Biosynthesis in Hevea brasiliensis. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060674. [PMID: 32466493 PMCID: PMC7355734 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural rubber is the main component of latex obtained from laticifer cells of Hevea brasiliensis. For improving rubber yield, it is essential to understand the genetic molecular mechanisms responsible for laticifer differentiation and rubber biosynthesis. Jasmonate enhances both secondary laticifer differentiation and rubber biosynthesis. Here, we carried out time-course RNA-seq analysis in suspension-cultured cells treated with methyljasmonic acid (MeJA) to characterize the gene expression profile. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the term "cell differentiation" was enriched in upregulated genes at 24 hours after treatment, but inversely, the term was enriched in downregulated genes at 5 days, indicating that MeJA could induce cell differentiation at an early stage of the response. Jasmonate signaling is activated by MYC2, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-type transcription factor (TF). The aim of this work was to find any links between transcriptomic changes after MeJA application and regulation by TFs. Using an in vitro binding assay, we traced candidate genes throughout the whole genome that were targeted by four bHLH TFs: Hb_MYC2-1, Hb_MYC2-2, Hb_bHLH1, and Hb_bHLH2. The latter two are highly expressed in laticifer cells. Their physical binding sites were found in the promoter regions of a variety of other TF genes, which are differentially expressed upon MeJA exposure, and rubber biogenesis-related genes including SRPP1 and REF3. These studies suggest the possibilities that Hb_MYC2-1 and Hb_MYC2-2 regulate cell differentiation and that Hb_bHLH1 and Hb_bHLH2 promote rubber biosynthesis. We expect that our findings will help to increase natural rubber yield through genetic control in the future.
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Abstract
Natural rubber (NR), principally comprising cis-1,4-polyisoprene, is an industrially important natural hydrocarbon polymer because of its unique physical properties, which render it suitable for manufacturing items such as tires. Presently, industrial NR production depends solely on latex obtained from the Pará rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. In latex, NR is enclosed in rubber particles, which are specialized organelles comprising a hydrophobic NR core surrounded by a lipid monolayer and membrane-bound proteins. The similarity of the basic carbon skeleton structure between NR and dolichols and polyprenols, which are found in most organisms, suggests that the NR biosynthetic pathway is related to the polyisoprenoid biosynthetic pathway and that rubber transferase, which is the key enzyme in NR biosynthesis, belongs to the cis-prenyltransferase family. Here, we review recent progress in the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying NR biosynthesis through the identification of the enzymes that are responsible for the formation of the NR backbone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamashita
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Seiji Takahashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan;
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Chen CC, Zhang L, Yu X, Ma L, Ko TP, Guo RT. Versatile cis-isoprenyl Diphosphate Synthase Superfamily Members in Catalyzing Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Lilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xuejing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Lixin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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38
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Ischebeck T, Krawczyk HE, Mullen RT, Dyer JM, Chapman KD. Lipid droplets in plants and algae: Distribution, formation, turnover and function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 108:82-93. [PMID: 32147380 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant oils represent an energy-rich and carbon-dense group of hydrophobic compounds. These oils are not only of economic interest, but also play important, fundamental roles in plant and algal growth and development. The subcellular storage compartments of plant lipids, referred to as lipid droplets (LDs), have long been considered relatively inert oil vessels. However, research in the last decade has revealed that LDs play far more dynamic roles in plant biology than previously appreciated, including transient neutral lipid storage, membrane remodeling, lipid signaling, and stress responses. Here we discuss recent developments in the understanding of LD formation, turnover and function in land plants and algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Ischebeck
- University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Hannah E Krawczyk
- University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert T Mullen
- University of Guelph, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John M Dyer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, 85138, USA
| | - Kent D Chapman
- University of North Texas, BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
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39
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Emi KI, Sompiyachoke K, Okada M, Hemmi H. A heteromeric cis-prenyltransferase is responsible for the biosynthesis of glycosyl carrier lipids in Methanosarcina mazei. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:291-296. [PMID: 31594637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cis-prenyltransferases are enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of glycosyl carrier lipids, natural rubber, and some secondary metabolites. Certain organisms, including some archaeal species, possess multiple genes encoding cis-prenyltransferase homologs, and the physiological roles of these seemingly-redundant genes are often obscure. Cis-prenyltransferases usually form homomeric complexes, but recent reports have demonstrated that certain eukaryotic enzymes are heteromeric protein complexes consisting of two homologous subunits. In this study, three cis-prenyltransferase homolog proteins, MM_0014, MM_0618, and MM_1083, from the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina mazei are overexpressed in Escherichia coli and partially purified for functional characterization. Coexistence of MM_0618 and MM_1083 exhibits prenyltransferase activity, while each of them alone has almost no activity. The chain-lengths of the products of this heteromeric enzyme are in good agreement with those of glycosyl carrier lipids extracted from M. mazei, which are likely di- and tetra-hydrogenated decaprenyl phosphates, suggesting that the MM_0618/MM_1083 heteromer is involved in glycosyl carrier lipid biosynthesis. MM_0014 acts as a typical homomeric cis-prenyltransferase and produces shorter products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh-Ichi Emi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 460-8601, Japan
| | - Kitty Sompiyachoke
- School of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 460-8601, Japan
| | - Miyako Okada
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 460-8601, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hemmi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 460-8601, Japan.
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40
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Niephaus E, Müller B, van Deenen N, Lassowskat I, Bonin M, Finkemeier I, Prüfer D, Schulze Gronover C. Uncovering mechanisms of rubber biosynthesis in Taraxacum koksaghyz - role of cis-prenyltransferase-like 1 protein. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:591-609. [PMID: 31342578 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Russian dandelion Taraxacum koksaghyz synthesizes considerable amounts of high-molecular-weight rubber in its roots. The characterization of factors that participate in natural rubber biosynthesis is fundamental for the establishment of T. koksaghyz as a rubber crop. The cis-1,4-isoprene polymers are stored in rubber particles. Located at the particle surface, the rubber transferase complex, member of the cis-prenyltransferase (cisPT) enzyme family, catalyzes the elongation of the rubber chains. An active rubber transferase heteromer requires a cisPT subunit (CPT) as well as a CPT-like subunit (CPTL), of which T. koksaghyz has two homologous forms: TkCPTL1 and TkCPTL2, which potentially associate with the rubber transferase complex. Knockdown of TkCPTL1, which is predominantly expressed in latex, led to abolished poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) synthesis but unaffected dolichol content, whereas levels of triterpenes and inulin were elevated in roots. Analyses of latex from these TkCPTL1-RNAi plants revealed particles that were similar to native rubber particles regarding their particle size, phospholipid composition, and presence of small rubber particle proteins (SRPPs). We found that the particles encapsulated triterpenes in a phospholipid shell stabilized by SRPPs. Conversely, downregulating the low-expressed TkCPTL2 showed no altered phenotype, suggesting its protein function is redundant in T. koksaghyz. MS-based comparison of latex proteomes from TkCPTL1-RNAi plants and T. koksaghyz wild-types discovered putative factors that convert metabolites in biosynthetic pathways connected to isoprenoids or that synthesize components of the rubber particle shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Niephaus
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
| | - Boje Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
| | - Nicole van Deenen
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ines Lassowskat
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Bonin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Prüfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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41
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Effects of rubber elongation factor and small rubber particle protein from rubber-producing plants on lipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:585-592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cherian S, Ryu SB, Cornish K. Natural rubber biosynthesis in plants, the rubber transferase complex, and metabolic engineering progress and prospects. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2041-2061. [PMID: 31150158 PMCID: PMC6790360 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) is a nonfungible and valuable biopolymer, used to manufacture ~50 000 rubber products, including tires and medical gloves. Current production of NR is derived entirely from the para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). The increasing demand for NR, coupled with limitations and vulnerability of H. brasiliensis production systems, has induced increasing interest among scientists and companies in potential alternative NR crops. Genetic/metabolic pathway engineering approaches, to generate NR-enriched genotypes of alternative NR plants, are of great importance. However, although our knowledge of rubber biochemistry has significantly advanced, our current understanding of NR biosynthesis, the biosynthetic machinery and the molecular mechanisms involved remains incomplete. Two spatially separated metabolic pathways provide precursors for NR biosynthesis in plants and their genes and enzymes/complexes are quite well understood. In contrast, understanding of the proteins and genes involved in the final step(s)-the synthesis of the high molecular weight rubber polymer itself-is only now beginning to emerge. In this review, we provide a critical evaluation of recent research developments in NR biosynthesis, in vitro reconstitution, and the genetic and metabolic pathway engineering advances intended to improve NR content in plants, including H. brasiliensis, two other prospective alternative rubber crops, namely the rubber dandelion and guayule, and model species, such as lettuce. We describe a new model of the rubber transferase complex, which integrates these developments. In addition, we highlight the current challenges in NR biosynthesis research and future perspectives on metabolic pathway engineering of NR to speed alternative rubber crop commercial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Cherian
- Plant Systems Engineering Research CentreKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)Yuseong‐guDaejeonKorea
- Research & Development CenterDRB Holding Co. LTDBusanKorea
| | - Stephen Beungtae Ryu
- Plant Systems Engineering Research CentreKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)Yuseong‐guDaejeonKorea
- Department of Biosystems and BioengineeringKRIBB School of BiotechnologyKorea University of Science and Technology (UST)DaejeonKorea
| | - Katrina Cornish
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOHUSA
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOHUSA
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43
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Lisnyansky Bar-El M, Lee SY, Ki AY, Kapelushnik N, Loewenstein A, Chung KY, Schneidman-Duhovny D, Giladi M, Newman H, Haitin Y. Structural Characterization of Full-Length Human Dehydrodolichyl Diphosphate Synthase Using an Integrative Computational and Experimental Approach. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E660. [PMID: 31661879 PMCID: PMC6921004 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase (DHDDS) is the catalytic subunit of the heteromeric human cis-prenyltransferase complex, synthesizing the glycosyl carrier precursor for N-linked protein glycosylation. Consistent with the important role of N-glycosylation in protein biogenesis, DHDDS mutations result in human diseases. Importantly, DHDDS encompasses a C-terminal region, which does not converge with any known conserved domains. Therefore, despite the clinical importance of DHDDS, our understating of its structure-function relations remains poor. Here, we provide a structural model for the full-length human DHDDS using a multidisciplinary experimental and computational approach. Size-exclusion chromatography multi-angle light scattering revealed that DHDDS forms a monodisperse homodimer in solution. Enzyme kinetics assays revealed that it exhibits catalytic activity, although reduced compared to that reported for the intact heteromeric complex. Our model suggests that the DHDDS C-terminus forms a helix-turn-helix motif, tightly packed against the core catalytic domain. This model is consistent with small-angle X-ray scattering data, indicating that the full-length DHDDS maintains a similar conformation in solution. Moreover, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass-spectrometry experiments show time-dependent deuterium uptake in the C-terminal domain, consistent with its overall folded state. Finally, we provide a model for the DHDDS-NgBR heterodimer, offering a structural framework for future structural and functional studies of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Lisnyansky Bar-El
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Su Youn Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Ah Young Ki
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Noa Kapelushnik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel.
| | - Anat Loewenstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel.
| | - Ka Young Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Dina Schneidman-Duhovny
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | - Moshe Giladi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel.
| | - Hadas Newman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel.
| | - Yoni Haitin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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Proteomic Landscape Has Revealed Small Rubber Particles Are Crucial Rubber Biosynthetic Machines for Ethylene-Stimulation in Natural Rubber Production. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205082. [PMID: 31614967 PMCID: PMC6829444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubber particles are a specific organelle for natural rubber biosynthesis (NRB) and storage. Ethylene can significantly improve rubber latex production by increasing the generation of small rubber particles (SRPs), regulating protein accumulation, and activating many enzyme activities. We conducted a quantitative proteomics study of different SRPs upon ethylene stimulation by differential in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) and using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) methods. In DIGE, 79 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were determined as ethylene responsive proteins. Our results show that the abundance of many NRB-related proteins has been sharply induced upon ethylene stimulation. Among them, 23 proteins were identified as rubber elongation factor (REF) and small rubber particle protein (SRPP) family members, including 16 REF and 7 SRPP isoforms. Then, 138 unique phosphorylated peptides, containing 129 phosphorylated amino acids from the 64 REF/SRPP family members, were identified, and most serine and threonine were phosphorylated. Furthermore, we identified 226 DAPs from more than 2000 SRP proteins by iTRAQ. Integrative analysis revealed that almost all NRB-related proteins can be detected in SRPs, and many proteins are positively responsive to ethylene stimulation. These results indicate that ethylene may stimulate latex production by regulating the accumulation of some key proteins. The phosphorylation modification of REF and SRPP isoforms might be crucial for NRB, and SRP may act as a complex natural rubber biosynthetic machine.
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Identification and characterization of the MADS-box genes highly expressed in the laticifer cells of Hevea brasiliensis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12673. [PMID: 31481699 PMCID: PMC6722073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
MADS-box transcription factors possess many functions in plant reproduction and development. However, few MADS-box genes related to secondary metabolites regulation have been identified. In Hevea brasiliensis, natural rubber is a representative cis-polyisoprenoids in secondary metabolism which occurs in the rubber laticifer cells, the molecular regulation basis of natural rubber biosynthesis is not clear. Here, a total of 24 MADS-box genes including 4 type I MADS-box genes and 20 type II MADS-box genes were identified in the transcriptome of rubber tree latex. The phylogenetic analysis was performed to clarify the evolutionary relationships of all the 24 rubber tree MADS-box proteins with MADS-box transcription factors from Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Four type I MADS-box genes were subdivided into Mα (3 genes) and Mβ (1 gene). Twenty type II MADS-box genes were subclassified into MIKC* (8 genes) and MIKCc (12 genes). Eight MADS-box genes (HblMADS3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, 23, 24) were predominant expression in laticifers. ABA up-regulated the expression of HblMADS9, and the expression of HblMADS3, HblMADS5, HblMADS24 were up-regulated by MeJA. The function of HblMADS24 was elucidated. HblMADS24 bound HbFPS1 promoter in yeast and HblMADS24 activated HbFPS1 promoter in tobacco plants. Moreover, we proposed that HblMADS24 is a transcription activator of HbFPS1 which taking part in natural rubber biosynthesis.
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Xie Q, Ding G, Zhu L, Yu L, Yuan B, Gao X, Wang D, Sun Y, Liu Y, Li H, Wang X. Proteomic Landscape of the Mature Roots in a Rubber-Producing Grass Taraxacum Kok-saghyz. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102596. [PMID: 31137823 PMCID: PMC6566844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rubber grass Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS) contains large amounts of natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) in its enlarged roots and it is an alternative crop source of natural rubber. Natural rubber biosynthesis (NRB) and storage in the mature roots of TKS is a cascade process involving many genes, proteins and their cofactors. The TKS genome has just been annotated and many NRB-related genes have been determined. However, there is limited knowledge about the protein regulation mechanism for NRB in TKS roots. We identified 371 protein species from the mature roots of TKS by combining two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS). Meanwhile, a large-scale shotgun analysis of proteins in TKS roots at the enlargement stage was performed, and 3545 individual proteins were determined. Subsequently, all identified proteins from 2-DE gel and shotgun MS in TKS roots were subject to gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses and most proteins were involved in carbon metabolic process with catalytic activity in membrane-bounded organelles, followed by proteins with binding ability, transportation and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis activities. Fifty-eight NRB-related proteins, including eight small rubber particle protein (SRPP) and two rubber elongation factor(REF) members, were identified from the TKS roots, and these proteins were involved in both mevalonate acid (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. To our best knowledge, it is the first high-resolution draft proteome map of the mature TKS roots. Our proteomics of TKS roots revealed both MVA and MEP pathways are important for NRB, and SRPP might be more important than REF for NRB in TKS roots. These findings would not only deepen our understanding of the TKS root proteome, but also provide new evidence on the roles of these NRB-related proteins in the mature TKS roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanliang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, Hainan, China.
| | - Guohua Ding
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, Hainan, China.
| | - Liping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, Hainan, China.
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, Hainan, China.
| | - Boxuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, Hainan, China.
| | - Xuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China.
| | - Yong Sun
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, Hainan, China.
| | - Hongbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, Hainan, China.
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Liu H, Wei Y, Deng Z, Yang H, Dai L, Li D. Involvement of HbMC1-mediated cell death in tapping panel dryness of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:391-403. [PMID: 30496555 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tapping panel dryness (TPD) causes a significant reduction in the latex yield of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). It is reported that TPD is a typical programmed cell death (PCD) process. Although PCD plays a vital role in TPD occurrence, there is a lack of detailed and systematic study. Metacaspases are key regulators of diverse PCD in plants. Based on our previous result that HbMC1 was associated with TPD, we further elucidate the roles of HbMC1 on rubber tree TPD in this study. HbMC1 was up-regulated by TPD-inducing factors including wounding, ethephon and H2O2. Moreover, the expression level of HbMC1 was increased along with TPD severity in rubber tree, suggesting a positive correlation between HbMC1 expression and TPD severity. To investigate its biological function, HbMC1 was overexpressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). Transgenic yeast and tobacco overexpressing HbMC1 showed growth retardation compared with controls under H2O2-induced oxidative stress. In addition, overexpression of HbMC1 in yeast and tobacco reduced cell survival after high-concentration H2O2 treatment and resulted in enhanced H2O2-induced leaf cell death, respectively. A total of 11 proteins, rbcL, TM9SF2-like, COX3, ATP9, DRP, HbREF/Hevb1, MSSP2-like, SRC2, GATL8, CIPK14-like and STK, were identified and confirmed to interact with HbMC1 by yeast two-hybrid screening and co-transformation in yeast. The 11 proteins mentioned above are associated with many biological processes, including rubber biosynthesis, stress response, autophagy, carbohydrate metabolism, signal transduction, etc. Taken together, our results suggest that HbMC1-mediated PCD plays an important role in rubber tree TPD, and the identified HbMC1-interacting proteins provide valuable information for further understanding the molecular mechanism of HbMC1-mediated TPD in rubber tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Cultivation and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Yongxuan Wei
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Cultivation and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhi Deng
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Cultivation and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Cultivation and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Longjun Dai
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Cultivation and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Dejun Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Cultivation and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
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Oouchi M, Ukawa J, Ishii Y, Maeda H. Structural Analysis of the Terminal Groups in Commercial Hevea Natural Rubber by 2D-NMR with DOSY Filters and Multiple-WET Methods Using Ultrahigh-Field NMR. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1394-1400. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muneki Oouchi
- NMR Science and Development Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center (RSC), and NMR Facility, CLST, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jinta Ukawa
- Toyo Tire Corporation, 3-10-1 Yato, Kawanishi, Hyogo 666-0131, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ishii
- NMR Science and Development Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center (RSC), and NMR Facility, CLST, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hideaki Maeda
- NMR Science and Development Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center (RSC), and NMR Facility, CLST, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- JST-Mirai Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Men X, Wang F, Chen GQ, Zhang HB, Xian M. Biosynthesis of Natural Rubber: Current State and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E50. [PMID: 30583567 PMCID: PMC6337083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber is a kind of indispensable biopolymers with great use and strategic importance in human society. However, its production relies almost exclusively on rubber-producing plants Hevea brasiliensis, which have high requirements for growth conditions, and the mechanism of natural rubber biosynthesis remains largely unknown. In the past two decades, details of the rubber chain polymerization and proteins involved in natural rubber biosynthesis have been investigated intensively. Meanwhile, omics and other advanced biotechnologies bring new insight into rubber production and development of new rubber-producing plants. This review summarizes the achievements of the past two decades in understanding the biosynthesis of natural rubber, especially the massive information obtained from the omics analyses. Possibilities of natural rubber biosynthesis in vitro or in genetically engineered microorganisms are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Men
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China.
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50
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Wu C, Lan L, Li Y, Nie Z, Zeng R. The relationship between latex metabolism gene expression with rubber yield and related traits in Hevea brasiliensis. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:897. [PMID: 30526485 PMCID: PMC6288877 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression patterns of many laticifer-specific gens are closely correlative with rubber yield of Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree). To unveil the mechanisms underlying the rubber yield, transcript levels of nine major latex metabolism-related genes, i.e., HMG-CoA synthase (HMGS), HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR), diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase (PMD), farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS), cis-prenyltransferase (CPT), rubber elongation factor (REF), small rubber particle protein (SRPP), dihydroxyacid dehydratase (DHAD) and actin depolymerizing factor (ADF), were dertermined, and the relationship between rubber yield with their expression levels was analysed. Results Except HbHMGR1, HbPMD and HbDHAD, most of these genes were predominantly expressed in latex, and bark tapping markedly elevated the transcript abundance of the analyzed genes, with the 7th tapping producing the greatest expression levels. Both ethephon (ETH) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) stimulation greatly induced the expression levels of the examined genes, at least at one time point, except HbDHAD, which was unresponsive to MeJA. The genes’ expression levels, as well as the rubber yields and two yield characteristics differed significantly among the different genotypes examined. Additionally, the latex and dry rubber yields increased gradually but the dry rubber content did not. Rubber yields and/or yield characteristics were significantly positively correlated with HbCPT, HbFPS, HbHMGS, HbHMGR1 and HbDHAD expression levels, negatively correlated with that of HbREF, but not significantly correlated with HbPMD, HbSRPP and HbADF expression levels. In addition, during rubber production, significantly positive correlations existed between the expression level of HbPMD and the levels of HbREF and HbHMGR1, between HbSRPP and the levels of HbHMGS and HbHMGR1, and between HbADF and HbFPS. Conclusions The up-regulation of these genes might be related to the latex production of rubber trees under the stress of bark tapping and latex metabolism. The various correlations among the genes implied that there are differences in their synergic interactions. Thus, these nine genes might be related to rubber yield and yield-related traits in H. brasiliensis, and this work increases our understanding of their complex functions and how they are expressed in both high-and medium-yield rubber tree varieties and low-yield wild rubber tree germplasm. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5242-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntai Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lan
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, People's Republic of China.,College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yu Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyi Nie
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, People's Republic of China
| | - Rizhong Zeng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, People's Republic of China.
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