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Huang X, Li Q, Xu Y, Li A, Wang S, Chen Y, Zhang C, Zhang X, Wang H, Lv C, Sun B, Li S, Kang L, Chen B. A neural m 6A pathway regulates behavioral aggregation in migratory locusts. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1242-1254. [PMID: 38478296 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A), as the most abundant modification of messenger RNA, can modulate insect behaviors, but its specific roles in aggregation behaviors remain unexplored. Here, we conducted a comprehensive molecular and physiological characterization of the individual components of the methyltransferase and demethylase in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. Our results demonstrated that METTL3, METTL14 and ALKBH5 were dominantly expressed in the brain and exhibited remarkable responses to crowding or isolation. The individual knockdown of methyltransferases (i.e., METTL3 and METTL14) promoted locust movement and conspecific attraction, whereas ALKBH5 knockdown induced a behavioral shift toward the solitary phase. Furthermore, global transcriptome profiles revealed that m6A modification could regulate the orchestration of gene expression to fine tune the behavioral aggregation of locusts. In summary, our in vivo characterization of the m6A functions in migratory locusts clearly demonstrated the crucial roles of the m6A pathway in effectively modulating aggregation behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Huang
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ang Li
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shanzheng Wang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chunrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Cong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Baofa Sun
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shaoqin Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Le Kang
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Bing Chen
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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Li S, Ye X, Wen X, Yang X, Wang L, Gao K, Xiao H, Jiang Z. Arginine and its metabolites stimulate proliferation, differentiation, and physiological function of porcine trophoblast cells through β-catenin and mTOR pathways. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:167. [PMID: 38689278 PMCID: PMC11062007 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Arginine, which is metabolized into ornithine, proline, and nitric oxide, plays an important role in embryonic development. The present study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism of arginine in proliferation, differentiation, and physiological function of porcine trophoblast cells (pTr2) through metabolic pathways. The results showed that arginine significantly increased cell viability (P < 0.05). The addition of arginine had a quadratic tendency to increase the content of progesterone (P = 0.06) and protein synthesis rate (P = 0.03), in which the maximum protein synthesis rate was observed at 0.4 mM arginine. Arginine quadratically increased (P < 0.05) the intracellular contents of spermine, spermidine and putrescine, as well as linearly increased (P < 0.05) the intracellular content of NO in a dose-dependent manner. Arginine showed a quadratic tendency to increase the content of putrescine (P = 0.07) and a linear tendency to increase NO content (P = 0.09) in cell supernatant. Moreover, increasing arginine activated (P < 0.05) the mRNA expressions for ARG, ODC, iNOS and PCNA. Furthermore, inhibitors of arginine metabolism (L-NMMA and DFMO) both inhibited cell proliferation, while addition of its metabolites (NO and putrescine) promoted the cell proliferation and cell cycle, the mRNA expressions of PCNA, EGF and IGF-1, and increased (P < 0.05) cellular protein synthesis rate, as well as estradiol and hCG secretion (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggested that arginine could promote cell proliferation and physiological function by regulating the metabolic pathway. Further studies showed that arginine and its metabolites modulate cell function mainly through β-catenin and mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiangyang Ye
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiaolu Wen
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xuefen Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kaiguo Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Hao Xiao
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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3
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Hou L, Guo S, Wang Y, Liu S, Wang X. Neuropeptide ACP is required for fat body lipid metabolism homeostasis in locusts. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38227554 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Fat body metabolism plays crucial roles in each aspect of insect life traits. Although neuropeptides have been documented to be one of the major neuroendocrinal regulators involved in fat body metabolism, the detailed regulatory mechanism is poorly explored. Here, we conducted comparative metabolome and transcriptome analyses of fat body between wide type (WT) and adipokinetic hormone/corazonin-related peptide (ACP) loss of function mutants of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. We found that knockout of ACP resulted in significantly reduced fat body triacylglycerol content but enhanced abundance of phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Additionally, the expression levels of genes involved in triacylglycerol and phospholipid synthesis and degradation were significantly altered in the fat body of ACP mutants. Moreover, female ACP mutants displayed much higher fecundity compared to WT females. These findings highlight the important role of neuropeptide ACP in fat body lipid metabolism homeostasis in locusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang S, Li J, Zhang D, Zhang Z, Meng S, Li Z, Liu X. miR-252 targeting temperature receptor CcTRPM to mediate the transition from summer-form to winter-form of Cacopsylla chinensis. eLife 2023; 12:RP88744. [PMID: 37965868 PMCID: PMC10651175 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature determines the geographical distribution of organisms and affects the outbreak and damage of pests. Insects seasonal polyphenism is a successful strategy adopted by some species to adapt the changeable external environment. Cacopsylla chinensis (Yang & Li) showed two seasonal morphotypes, summer-form and winter-form, with significant differences in morphological characteristics. Low temperature is the key environmental factor to induce its transition from summer-form to winter-form. However, the detailed molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we firstly confirmed that low temperature of 10 °C induced the transition from summer-form to winter-form by affecting the cuticle thickness and chitin content. Subsequently, we demonstrated that CcTRPM functions as a temperature receptor to regulate this transition. In addition, miR-252 was identified to mediate the expression of CcTRPM to involve in this morphological transition. Finally, we found CcTre1 and CcCHS1, two rate-limiting enzymes of insect chitin biosyntheis, act as the critical down-stream signal of CcTRPM in mediating this behavioral transition. Taken together, our results revealed that a signal transduction cascade mediates the seasonal polyphenism in C. chinensis. These findings not only lay a solid foundation for fully clarifying the ecological adaptation mechanism of C. chinensis outbreak, but also broaden our understanding about insect polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songdou Zhang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jianying Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dongyue Zhang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhixian Zhang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shili Meng
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Jiang X, Shi J, Yang H, Zhao Z. The cholinergic pathway transmits signals of neuropeptide F to regulate feeding of Ostrinia furnacalis larvae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3593-3601. [PMID: 37183359 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feeding is the basis of animal survival and reproduction. In insects, the neuropeptide F (NPF), a homologous polypeptide of NPY in vertebrates, plays an important role in regulation of feeding behavior. However, relatively little has been known about the molecular mechanism of feeding. RESULTS In this study, we show that the cholinergic pathway is very important in signaling transmission of NPF feeding regulation in Ostrinia furnacalis larvae, in which the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (vAChT) in presynaptic membrane and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in postsynaptic membrane are positively regulated by NPF, while the ace1 and ace2 encoding the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are negatively regulated by NPF, leading to a balance of acetylcholine (ACh)-the excitatory transmitter. More, the cholinergic pathway further transmits signaling to the downstream pathways of the phosphoInositide-3 kinase (PI3K) and the cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB), respectively. CONCLUSION The cholinergic transmission, positively regulated by NPF, is involved in feeding of O. furnacalis larvae via downstream PI3K and the CREB pathways, respectively. The deexcitation of cell cholinergic pathway or inhibition of PI3K and CREB lead to decreases of larval feeding amount. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Jiang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Yang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangwu Zhao
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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Yang J, Yu Q, Yu J, Kang L, Guo X. 4-Vinylanisole promotes conspecific interaction and acquisition of gregarious behavior in the migratory locust. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306659120. [PMID: 37669362 PMCID: PMC10500268 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306659120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical signals from conspecifics are essential in insect group formation and maintenance. Migratory locusts use the aggregation pheromone 4-vinylanisole (4VA), specifically released by gregarious locusts, to attract and recruit conspecific individuals, leading to the formation of large-scale swarms. However, how 4VA contributes to the transition from solitary phase to gregarious phase remains unclear. We investigated the occurrence of locust behavioral phase changes in the presence and absence of 4VA perception. The findings indicated that solitary locusts require crowding for 48 and 72 h to adopt partial and analogous gregarious behavior. However, exposure to increased concentrations of 4VA enabled solitary locusts to display behavioral changes within 24 h of crowding. Crowded solitary locusts with RNAi knockdown of Or35, the specific olfactory receptor for 4VA, failed to exhibit gregarious behaviors. Conversely, the knockdown of Or35 in gregarious locusts resulted in the appearance of solitary behavior. Additionally, a multi-individual behavioral assay system was developed to evaluate the interactions among locust individuals, and four behavioral parameters representing the inclination and conduct of social interactions were positively correlated with the process of crowding. Our data indicated that exposure to 4VA accelerated the behavioral transition from solitary phase to gregarious phase by enhancing the propensity toward proximity and body contact among conspecific individuals. These results highlight the crucial roles of 4VA in the behavioral phase transition of locusts. Furthermore, this study offers valuable insights into the mechanisms of behavioral plasticity that promote the formation of locust swarms and suggests the potential for 4VA application in locust control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Yu
- Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Le Kang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Xiaojiao Guo
- Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
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Georgiades M, Alampounti A, Somers J, Su MP, Ellis DA, Bagi J, Terrazas-Duque D, Tytheridge S, Ntabaliba W, Moore S, Albert JT, Andrés M. Hearing of malaria mosquitoes is modulated by a beta-adrenergic-like octopamine receptor which serves as insecticide target. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4338. [PMID: 37468470 PMCID: PMC10356864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria mosquitoes acoustically detect their mating partners within large swarms that form transiently at dusk. Indeed, male malaria mosquitoes preferably respond to female flight tones during swarm time. This phenomenon implies a sophisticated context- and time-dependent modulation of mosquito audition, the mechanisms of which are largely unknown. Using transcriptomics, we identify a complex network of candidate neuromodulators regulating mosquito hearing in the species Anopheles gambiae. Among them, octopamine stands out as an auditory modulator during swarm time. In-depth analysis of octopamine auditory function shows that it affects the mosquito ear on multiple levels: it modulates the tuning and stiffness of the flagellar sound receiver and controls the erection of antennal fibrillae. We show that two α- and β-adrenergic-like octopamine receptors drive octopamine's auditory roles and demonstrate that the octopaminergic auditory control system can be targeted by insecticides. Our findings highlight octopamine as key for mosquito hearing and mating partner detection and as a potential novel target for mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Georgiades
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Alexandros Alampounti
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jason Somers
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Matthew P Su
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - David A Ellis
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Judit Bagi
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Scott Tytheridge
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Watson Ntabaliba
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit (VCPTU), Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Sarah Moore
- Vector Control Product Testing Unit (VCPTU), Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, PO Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001, Basel, Switzerland
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P.O. Box 447, Tengeru, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Joerg T Albert
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Sensory Physiology & Behaviour Group, Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl Von Ossietzky Str. 9-11, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Marta Andrés
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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Guo X, Zhang L, Xiao K. Effect of Kisspeptin-Type Neuropeptide on Locomotor Behavior and Muscle Physiology in the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040705. [PMID: 36830492 PMCID: PMC9951865 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptins are neuropeptides encoded by the kiss1 gene, and little is known about them outside the vertebrate lineage. Two kisspeptin-type neuropeptides (KPs) have been discovered in Apostichopus japonicus (AjK1 and AjK2), an edible sea cucumber, and have been linked to reproductive and metabolic regulation. In this study, we evaluated how KPs affected locomotor behavior in one control group and two treatment groups (AjK1 and AjK2). We discovered that AjK1 had a significant dose effect, primarily by shortening the stride length and duration of movement to reduce the sea cucumber movement distance, whereas AjK2 had little inhibitory effect at the same dose. The levels of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), uridine, glycine, and L-serine in the longitudinal muscle of A. japonicus treated with AjK1 differed significantly from those of the control, which may explain the observed changes in locomotor behavior. Treatment with AjK2 induced changes in aspartate levels. Our results imply that AjK1 is more likely than AjK2 to have a role in the regulation of A. japonicus locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Kang Xiao
- Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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9
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Tong D, Zhang L, Wu N, Xie D, Fang G, Coates BS, Sappington TW, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Xia J, Jiang X, Zhan S. The oriental armyworm genome yields insights into the long-distance migration of noctuid moths. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111843. [PMID: 36543122 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata, is known for its long-distance seasonal migration and environment-dependent phase polymorphisms. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome reference and integrate multi-omics, functional genetics, and behavioral assays to explore the genetic bases of the hallmark traits of M. separata migration. Gene family comparisons show expansion of gustatory receptor genes in this cereal crop pest. Functional investigation of magnetoreception-related genes and associated flight behaviors suggest that M. separata may use the geomagnetic field to guide orientation in its nocturnal flight. Comparative transcriptome characterizes a suite of genes that may confer the observed plasticity between phases, including genes involved in protein processing, hormone regulation, and dopamine metabolism. We further report molecular signatures that underlie the dynamic regulation of a migratory syndrome coordinating reproduction and flight. Our study yields insights into environment-dependent developmental plasticity in moths and advances our understanding of long-distance migration in nocturnal insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ningning Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dianjie Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gangqi Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Brad S Coates
- USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Science Hall II, 2310 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Thomas W Sappington
- USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Science Hall II, 2310 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Yueqiu Liu
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yunxia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jixing Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shuai Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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10
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Guo N, Ma H, Han H, Yan F, Gao H, Zhang Y, Gao S. Phenotypic and Differential Gene Expression Analyses of Phase Transition in Oedaleus asiaticus under High-Density Population Stress. INSECTS 2022; 13:1034. [PMID: 36354858 PMCID: PMC9697361 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The high-density-dependent phase change from solitary to gregarious individuals in locusts is a typical example of phenotypic plasticity. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. In this study, first, Oedaleus asiaticus were treated with high-density population stress and then analyzed by Illumina sequencing on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 of the body color change to identify the stage-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the identified DEGs revealed their role in metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the expression patterns of the nine key DEGs were studied in detail; this showed that the material change in locusts began on the third day of the high-density treatment, with the number of DEGs being the largest, indicating the importance of this period in the phase transition. In addition, the phenotypic change involved several key genes of important regulatory pathways, possibly working in a complex network. Phenotypic plasticity in locusts is multifactorial, involving multilevel material network interactions. This study improves the mechanistic understanding of phenotypic variation in insects at the genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Hongyue Ma
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Haibin Han
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Forest Pest Management and Quarantine Station of Ordos, Ordos 017010, China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Shujing Gao
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hohhot 010010, China
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11
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Su Y, Fan J, Wang X, Wang X, Li J, Duan B, Kang L, Wei L, Yao XS. Noninvasive examination of the cardiac properties of insect embryos enabled by optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100308. [PMID: 35234351 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the cardiac properties of insect embryos at different development stages is important, however, few works have been conducted probably due to the lack of effective tools. Using locust embryos as an example, here we show, for the first time, that optical coherence tomography (OCT) is capable of obtaining detailed information of embryos' heart activities and irregularities, such as the heart rate, cardiac cycle, diastolic and systolic diameters, hemolymph pumping rate and ejection fraction at different stages of embryonic development and at different temperatures. We develop algorithms and mathematical methods for extracting and analyzing cardiac behavior information of locust embryos. We discover that locust embryos experienced suspended development (quiescence) caused by cold storage have a heart rate 20% more than that of embryos without experiencing quiescence and that the hemolymph pumping rate of the two types of embryos behaves differently as the embryos grow. In addition, using OCT as an accurate cardiac activity examination tool, we show that the heart rates of locust embryos are effectively reduced due to nitric oxide synthase gene silencing by RNA interference, indicating potential application of using locust embryos as a good model organism to study cardiovascular diseases, including the congenital heart disease and arrhythmia. Finally, the capabilities offered by OCT in the studies of locust embryonic development may also prove helpful to promote locust reproduction for nutritions or restrain locust reproduction for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Su
- Photonics Information Innovation Center and Hebei Provincial Center for Optical Sensing Innovations, College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiangling Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Photonics Information Innovation Center and Hebei Provincial Center for Optical Sensing Innovations, College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Bingbing Duan
- Photonics Information Innovation Center and Hebei Provincial Center for Optical Sensing Innovations, College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Le Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Liya Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - X Steve Yao
- Photonics Information Innovation Center and Hebei Provincial Center for Optical Sensing Innovations, College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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12
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Wang H, Jiang F, Liu X, Liu Q, Fu Y, Li R, Hou L, Zhang J, He J, Kang L. Piwi/piRNAs control food intake by promoting neuropeptide F expression in locusts. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e50851. [PMID: 34985794 PMCID: PMC8892266 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal feeding, which directly affects growth and metabolism, is an important physiological process. However, the contribution of PIWI proteins and PIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) to the regulatory mechanism of animal feeding is unknown. Here, we report a novel function of Piwi and piRNAs in regulating food intake in locusts. Our study shows that the locust can serve as a representative species for determining PIWI function in insects. Knockdown of Piwi1 expression suppresses anabolic processes and reduces food consumption and body weight. The reduction in food intake by knockdown of Piwi1 expression results from decreased expression of neuropeptide NPF1 in a piRNA‐dependent manner. Mechanistically, intronic piRNAs might enhance RNA splicing of NPF1 by preventing hairpin formation at the branch point sites. These results suggest a novel nuclear PIWI/piRNA‐mediated mechanism that controls food intake in the locust nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Sino‐Danish College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yunyun Fu
- College of Life Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Ran Li
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Li Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Le Kang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- College of Life Science Hebei University Baoding China
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13
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Bhat US, Shahi N, Surendran S, Babu K. Neuropeptides and Behaviors: How Small Peptides Regulate Nervous System Function and Behavioral Outputs. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:786471. [PMID: 34924955 PMCID: PMC8674661 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.786471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the reasons that most multicellular animals survive and thrive is because of the adaptable and plastic nature of their nervous systems. For an organism to survive, it is essential for the animal to respond and adapt to environmental changes. This is achieved by sensing external cues and translating them into behaviors through changes in synaptic activity. The nervous system plays a crucial role in constantly evaluating environmental cues and allowing for behavioral plasticity in the organism. Multiple neurotransmitters and neuropeptides have been implicated as key players for integrating sensory information to produce the desired output. Because of its simple nervous system and well-established neuronal connectome, C. elegans acts as an excellent model to understand the mechanisms underlying behavioral plasticity. Here, we critically review how neuropeptides modulate a wide range of behaviors by allowing for changes in neuronal and synaptic signaling. This review will have a specific focus on feeding, mating, sleep, addiction, learning and locomotory behaviors in C. elegans. With a view to understand evolutionary relationships, we explore the functions and associated pathophysiology of C. elegans neuropeptides that are conserved across different phyla. Further, we discuss the mechanisms of neuropeptidergic signaling and how these signals are regulated in different behaviors. Finally, we attempt to provide insight into developing potential therapeutics for neuropeptide-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Saleem Bhat
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, India
| | - Navneet Shahi
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Siju Surendran
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kavita Babu
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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14
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Veenstra JA. Identification of cells expressing Calcitonins A and B, PDF and ACP in Locusta migratoria using cross-reacting antisera and in situ hybridization. Peptides 2021; 146:170667. [PMID: 34600039 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This work was initiated because an old publication suggested that electrocoagulation of four paraldehyde fuchsin positive cells in the brain of Locusta migratoria might produce a diuretic hormone, the identity of which remains unknown, since none of the antisera to the various putative Locusta diuretic hormones recognizes these cells. The paraldehyde fuchsin positive staining suggests a peptide with a disulfide bridge and the recently identified Locusta calcitonins have both a disulfide bridge and are structurally similar to calcitonin-like diuretic hormone. In situ hybridization and antisera raised to calcitonin-A and -B were used to show where these peptides are expressed in Locusta. Calcitonin-A is produced by neurons and neuroendocrine cells that were previously shown to be immunoreactive to an antiserum to pigment dispersing factor (PDF). The apparent PDF-immunoreactivity in these neurons and neuroendocrine cells is due to crossreactivity with the calcitonin-A precursor. As confirmed by both an PDF-precursor specific antiserum and in situ hybridisation, those calcitonin-A expressing cells do not express PDF. Calcitonin B is expressed by numerous enteroendocrine cells in the midgut as well as the midgut caeca. A guinea pig antiserum to calcitonin A seemed quite specific as it recognized only the calcitonin A expressing cells. However, rabbit antisera to calcitonin-A and-B both crossreacted with neuroendocrine cells in the brain that produce ACP (AKH/corazonin-related peptide), this is almost certainly due to the common C-terminal dipeptide SPamide that is shared between Locusta calcitonin-A, calcitonin-B and ACP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Veenstra
- INCIA UMR 5287 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, allée Geoffroy St Hillaire, CS 50023, 33 615 Pessac Cedex, France.
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15
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The role of nitric oxide and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in zebrafish (Danio rerio) shoaling. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Ding K, Zhang L, Fan X, Zhuo P, Feng Q, Zhang S, Guo X, Liu X. Influence of an L-type SALMFamide neuropeptide on locomotory performance and muscle physiology in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272337. [PMID: 34477872 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides in the SALMFamide family serve as muscle relaxants in echinoderms and may affect locomotion, as the motor behavior in sea cucumbers involves alternating contraction and extension of the body wall, which is under the control of longitudinal muscle. We evaluated the effect of an L-type SALMFamide neuropeptide (LSA) on locomotory performance of Apostichopus japonicus. We also investigated the metabolites of longitudinal muscle tissue using ultra performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to assess the potential physiological mechanisms underlying the effect of LSA. The hourly distance, cumulative duration and number of steps moved significantly increased in sea cucumbers in the fourth hour after injection with LSA. Also, the treatment enhanced the mean and maximum velocity by 9.8% and 17.8%, respectively, and increased the average stride by 12.4%. Levels of 27 metabolites in longitudinal muscle changed after LSA administration, and the increased concentration of pantothenic acid, arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and the altered phosphatidylethanolamine/phosphatidylcholine ratio are potential physiological mechanisms that could explain the observed effect of LSA on locomotor behavior in A. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266237 Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266237 Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China.,Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Xinhao Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266237 Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Pengji Zhuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266237 Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Qiming Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266237 Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Shuangyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266237 Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266237 Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266237 Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China.,CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China
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17
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Chen B, Tong X, Zhang X, Gui W, Ai G, Huang L, Ding D, Zhang J, Kang L. Sulfation modification of dopamine in brain regulates aggregative behavior of animals. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 9:nwab163. [PMID: 35530433 PMCID: PMC9072122 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral plasticity and the underlying neuronal plasticity represent a fundamental capacity of animals to cope with environmental stimuli. Behavioral plasticity is controlled by complex molecular networks that act under different layers of regulation. While various molecules have been found to be involved in the regulation of plastic behaviors across species, less is known about how organisms orchestrate the activity of these molecules as part of a coherent behavioral response to varying environments. Here we discover a mechanism for the regulation of animal behavioral plasticity involving molecular sulfation in the brain, a modification of substrate molecules by sulfotransferase (ST)-catalyzed addition of a sulfonate group (SO3) from an obligate donor, 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the substrates. We investigated aggregation behaviors of migratory locusts, which are well-known for extreme phase change plasticity triggered by population density. The processes of PAPS biosynthesis acted efficiently on induction of locust behavioral transition: Inhibition of PAPS synthesis solicited a behavioral shift from gregarious to solitarious states; external PAPS dosage, by contrast, promoted aggregation in solitarious locusts. Genetic or pharmacological intervention in the sulfation catalyzation resulted into pronounced solitarizing effects. Analysis of substrate-specific STs suggests a widespread involvement of sulfated neurotransmitters in the behavioral response. Dopamine in the brain was finally identified to be actively sulfate conjugated, and the sulfate conjugation enhanced the free DA-mediated behavioral aggregation. Similar results in Caenorhabditis elegans and mice indicate that sulfation may be involved more broadly in the modulation of animal aggregation. These findings reveal a general mechanism that effectively regulates animal social-like behavioral plasticity, possibly through sulfation-mediated modification of neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiwen Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wanying Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guoming Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Ding Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiangxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Le Kang
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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18
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Kong X, Li ZX, Gao YQ, Liu FH, Chen ZZ, Tian HG, Liu TX, Xu YY, Kang ZW. Genome-Wide Identification of Neuropeptides and Their Receptors in an Aphid Endoparasitoid Wasp, Aphidius gifuensi. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12080745. [PMID: 34442310 PMCID: PMC8397052 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In insects, neuropeptides and their receptors not only play a critical role in insect physiology and behavior but also are the potential targets for novel pesticide discoveries. Aphidius gifuensis is one of the most important and widespread aphid parasitoids, and has been successfully used to control aphid. In the present work, we systematically identified neuropeptides and their receptors from the genome and head transcriptome of A. gifuensis. A total of 35 neuropeptide precursors and 49 corresponding receptors were identified. The phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that 35 of these receptors belong to family-A, four belong to family-B, two belong to leucine-rich repeat-containing GPCRs, four belong to receptor guanylyl cyclases, and four belong to receptor tyrosine kinases. Oral ingestion of imidacloprid significantly up-regulated five neuropeptide precursors and four receptors whereas three neuropeptide precursors and eight receptors were significantly down-regulated, which indicated that these neuropeptides and their receptors are potential targets of some commercial insecticides. The RT-qPCR results showed that dopamine receptor 1, dopamine receptor 2, octopamine receptor, allatostatin-A receptor, neuropeptides capa receptor, SIFamide receptor, FMRFamide receptor, tyramine receptor and short neuropeptide F predominantly were expressed in the head whilst the expression of ion transport peptide showed widespread distribution in various tissues. The high expression levels of these genes suggest their important roles in the central nervous system. Taken together, our study provides fundamental information that may further our understanding of neuropeptidergic signaling systems in the regulation of the physiology and behavior of solitary wasps. Furthermore, this information could also aid in the design and discovery of specific and environment-friendly insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Kong
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (X.K.); (Z.-X.L.); (Y.-Q.G.); (F.-H.L.); (Z.-Z.C.)
| | - Zhen-Xiang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (X.K.); (Z.-X.L.); (Y.-Q.G.); (F.-H.L.); (Z.-Z.C.)
| | - Yu-Qing Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (X.K.); (Z.-X.L.); (Y.-Q.G.); (F.-H.L.); (Z.-Z.C.)
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (X.K.); (Z.-X.L.); (Y.-Q.G.); (F.-H.L.); (Z.-Z.C.)
| | - Zhen-Zhen Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (X.K.); (Z.-X.L.); (Y.-Q.G.); (F.-H.L.); (Z.-Z.C.)
| | - Hong-Gang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Yong-Yu Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (X.K.); (Z.-X.L.); (Y.-Q.G.); (F.-H.L.); (Z.-Z.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-Y.X.); (Z.-W.K.)
| | - Zhi-Wei Kang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (X.K.); (Z.-X.L.); (Y.-Q.G.); (F.-H.L.); (Z.-Z.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.-Y.X.); (Z.-W.K.)
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19
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Hou L, Guo S, Wang Y, Nie X, Yang P, Ding D, Li B, Kang L, Wang X. Neuropeptide ACP facilitates lipid oxidation and utilization during long-term flight in locusts. eLife 2021; 10:65279. [PMID: 34151772 PMCID: PMC8324298 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term flight depends heavily on intensive energy metabolism in animals; however, the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying efficient substrate utilization remain elusive. Here, we report that the adipokinetic hormone/corazonin-related peptide (ACP) can facilitate muscle lipid utilization in a famous long-term migratory flighting species, Locusta migratoria. By peptidomic analysis and RNAi screening, we identified brain-derived ACP as a key flight-related neuropeptide. ACP gene expression increased notably upon sustained flight. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of ACP gene and ACP receptor gene (ACPR) significantly abated prolonged flight of locusts. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses further revealed that genes and metabolites involved in fatty acid transport and oxidation were notably downregulated in the flight muscle of ACP mutants. Finally, we demonstrated that a fatty-acid-binding protein (FABP) mediated the effects of ACP in regulating muscle lipid metabolism during long-term flight in locusts. Our results elucidated a previously undescribed neuroendocrine mechanism underlying efficient energy utilization associated with long-term flight. Flight allows insects to find food or seek a better environment. Some insects have developed the ability of ‘long-term flight’, which allows them to make continuous journeys over large distances. For example, one locust species regularly crosses the Red Sea which is up to 300 km wide – a spectacular feat for insects only a few inches long. However, flight is an energy-intensive activity, and insects’ muscles need the right sort of chemical fuel to work properly. Previous work has shown that this ‘fuel consumption’ is highly dynamic and happens in two stages. First, immediately after take-off, the muscles rapidly consume carbohydrates (sugars); then, during the prolonged phase of the flight, muscles switch to exclusively consume lipids (fats). How the flight muscles ‘know’ when to start using fats for energy remains largely unclear. It has been suggested that this switch may involve hormone-like chemicals made in the brain called neuroendocrine peptides. Hou et al. therefore set out to test this hypothesis, using the locust species Locusta migratoria as a representative migratory insect. Initial experiments used an abundance detection technique to determine which of the neuroendocrine peptides were active in adult locusts. Further analysis, looking specifically at locusts that had just been flying, revealed that the gene for a peptide called ACP became much more active after one hour of continuous flight. Further evidence that the ACP hormone could indeed be helping to power long-term flight came from locusts with a mutated, ‘switched-off’ version of the gene. These insects could only fly for half the time, and half the distance, compared to locusts that did not have mutations in the gene for ACP. Biochemical studies of the ACP mutant locusts confirmed that their flight muscle cells could not transport and break down fatty acids normally. These experiments also showed that ACP was acting through a type of carrier protein called FABP, which is present in many different insects and normally ‘ferries’ lipids to the places they are needed. These findings shed new light on the biological mechanisms that control long-term flight in migratory insects. The ability to move over long distances is key to the outbreak of locust plagues, which in turn cause widespread crop damage around the world. Hou et al. therefore hope that this knowledge will one day help develop effective strategies for locust pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Foquet B, Castellanos AA, Song H. Comparative analysis of phenotypic plasticity sheds light on the evolution and molecular underpinnings of locust phase polyphenism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11925. [PMID: 34099755 PMCID: PMC8184943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Locusts exhibit one of nature's most spectacular examples of complex phenotypic plasticity, in which changes in density cause solitary and cryptic individuals to transform into gregarious and conspicuous locusts forming large migrating swarms. We investigated how these coordinated alternative phenotypes might have evolved by studying the Central American locust and three closely related non-swarming grasshoppers in a comparative framework. By experimentally isolating and crowding during nymphal development, we induced density-dependent phenotypic plasticity and quantified the resulting behavioural, morphological, and molecular reaction norms. All four species exhibited clear plasticity, but the individual reaction norms varied among species and showed different magnitudes. Transcriptomic responses were species-specific, but density-responsive genes were functionally similar across species. There were modules of co-expressed genes that were highly correlated with plastic reaction norms, revealing a potential molecular basis of density-dependent phenotypic plasticity. These findings collectively highlight the importance of studying multiple reaction norms from a comparative perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Foquet
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Campus Box 4120, Normal, IL, 61790, USA.
| | - Adrian A Castellanos
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, USA
| | - Hojun Song
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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21
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Veenstra JA, Leyria J, Orchard I, Lange AB. Identification of Gonadulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor From Migratory Locusts and Their Importance in Reproduction in Locusta migratoria. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:693068. [PMID: 34177814 PMCID: PMC8220825 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.693068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many insect species have several genes coding for insulin-related peptides (IRPs), but so far only a single IRP gene has been identified in migratory locusts. Here, we report and characterize two other genes coding for peptides that are related to insulin, namely gonadulin and arthropod insulin-like growth factor (aIGF); peptides postulated to be orthologs of Drosophila melanogaster insulin-like peptides 8 and 6 respectively. In Locusta migratoria the aIGF transcript is expressed in multiple tissues as was previously reported for IRP in both L. migratoria and Schistocerca gregaria, but there are significant differences in expression patterns between the two species. The gonadulin transcript, however, seems specific to the ovary, whereas its putative receptor transcript is expressed most abundantly in the ovary, fat body and the central nervous system. Since the central nervous system-fat body-ovary axis is essential for successful reproduction, we studied the influence of gonadulin on vitellogenesis and oocyte growth. A reduction in the gonadulin transcript (via RNA interference) led to a significant reduction in vitellogenin mRNA levels in the fat body and a strong oocyte growth inhibition, thus suggesting an important role for gonadulin in reproduction in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A. Veenstra
- INCIA UMR 5287 CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- *Correspondence: Jan A. Veenstra, ; Jimena Leyria,
| | - Jimena Leyria
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jan A. Veenstra, ; Jimena Leyria,
| | - Ian Orchard
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Angela B. Lange
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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22
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Ding K, Zhang L, Fan X, Guo X, Liu X, Yang H. The Effect of Pedal Peptide-Type Neuropeptide on Locomotor Behavior and Muscle Physiology in the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Front Physiol 2020; 11:559348. [PMID: 33192555 PMCID: PMC7642236 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.559348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are endogenous active substances that are present in nervous tissues and participate in behavioral and physiological processes of the animal system. Locomotor behavior is basic to predation, escape, reproduction in animals, and neuropeptides play an important role in locomotion. In this study, the function of pedal peptide-type neuropeptide (PDP) in the process of locomotor behavior of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus was evaluated. The locomotor behavior of A. japonicus was recorded by infrared camera before and after PDP administration, and muscle physiology was studied by ultra performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-off-light mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to clarify the potential physiological mechanisms. The results showed that PDP enhanced the cumulative duration of moving significantly at the 7th h after injection, and reduced the mean and maximum velocity by 16.90 and 14.22% in A. japonicus. The data of muscle metabolomics suggested that some significantly changed metabolites were related to locomotor behavior of sea cucumbers. The decreases of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) might result in the increases of lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lysoPE), and suggested the change of fluidity and permeability in the muscle cell membrane, which would affect the physiology and function of muscle cells, and finally alter the locomotor behavior. In addition, the increased level of arachidonic acid (ARA) might activate K+ ion channels and then affect the signaling of muscle cells, or promote the sensitivity of muscle cells to Ca2+ and then result in the contractility of longitudinal muscles in sea cucumbers. ARA was also involved in the linoleic acid metabolism which was the only pathway that disturbed significantly after PDP administration. In conclusion, PDP participated in the regulation of locomotor behavior in the sea cucumber, and the decreased PE and PC, increased lysoPC, lysoPE and ARA might be the potential physiological mechanisms that responsible for behavioral effects of PDP in A. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhao Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueying Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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23
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Li T, Chen B, Yang P, Wang D, Du B, Kang L. Long Non-coding RNA Derived from lncRNA-mRNA Co-expression Networks Modulates the Locust Phase Change. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 18:664-678. [PMID: 32866667 PMCID: PMC8377017 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate various biological processes ranging from gene expression to animal behavior. Although protein-coding genes, microRNAs, and neuropeptides play important roles in the regulation of phenotypic plasticity in migratory locust, empirical studies on the function of lncRNAs in this process remain limited. Here, we applied high-throughput RNA-seq to compare the expression patterns of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the time course of locust phase change. We found that lncRNAs responded more rapidly at the early stages of phase transition. Functional annotations demonstrated that early changed lncRNAs employed different pathways in isolation and crowding phases to cope with changes in the population density. Two overlapping hub lncRNA loci in the crowding and isolation networks were screened for functional verification. One of them, LNC1010057, was validated as a potential regulator of locust phase change. This work offers insights into the molecular mechanism underlying locust phase change and expands the scope of lncRNA functions in animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Depin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baozhen Du
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Le Kang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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24
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Hou L, Wang X, Yang P, Li B, Lin Z, Kang L, Wang X. DNA methyltransferase 3 participates in behavioral phase change in the migratory locust. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 121:103374. [PMID: 32283278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays important roles in the behavioral plasticity of animals. The migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, displays striking density-dependent phenotypic plasticity that can reversely transit between solitarious and gregarious phases. However, the role and the mechanism through which DNA methylation is involved in locust phase change remain unknown. Here, we investigated the expression levels of three DNA methyltransferase genes and their roles in the regulation of locust phase changes. All three Dnmt genes, namely, Dnmt1, Dnmt2 and Dnmt3 showed high expression levels in the brains of gregarious locusts. By contrast, only Dnmt3 transcript rapidly responded to population density changes, decreasing during the isolation of gregarious locusts and steadily increasing upon the crowding of solitarious locusts. Dnmt3 knockdown significantly reduced the phase-related locomotor activity, rather than the attraction index, in gregarious and crowded solitarious locusts. Transcriptome analysis showed that Dnmt3 knockdown upregulated the genes related to metabolism and transporting activity and downregulated those associated with oxidative stress response. The expression level of the phase-core transcriptional factor, hormone receptor HR3, was significantly suppressed in the brain after Dnmt3 knockdown. Moreover, there was significant overlap in the differentially expressed genes between Dnmt3 RNAi and HR3 RNAi data sets, suggesting HR3 may act as key transcriptional factor mediating Dnmt3-controlled gene expression profiles in locust brains. These findings suggest that Dnmt3 transcription is involved in locust behavioral transition, implying the possible roles of DNA methylation in phase-related phenotypic plasticity in locusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Beibei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhe Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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25
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Bode K, Nolte L, Kamin H, Desens M, Ulmann A, Bergmann GA, Betker P, Reitmeier J, Ripken T, Stern M, Meyer H, Bicker G. Scanning laser optical tomography resolves developmental neurotoxic effects on pioneer neurons. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2641. [PMID: 32060340 PMCID: PMC7021824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental neurotoxic compounds impair the developing human nervous system at lower doses than those affecting adults. Standardized test methods for assessing developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) require the use of high numbers of laboratory animals. Here, we use a novel assay that is based on the development of an intact insect embryo in serum-free culture. Neural pathways in the leg of embryonic locusts are established by a pair of afferent pioneer neurons, extending axons along a well-defined pathway to the central nervous system. After exposure to test chemicals, we analyze pioneer neuron shape with conventional fluorescence microscopy and compare it to 3D images, obtained by scanning laser optical tomography (SLOT) and processed by a segmentation algorithm. The segmented SLOT images resolve the 3D structure of the pioneers, recognize pathfinding defects and are thus advantageous for detecting DNT-positive compounds. The defects in axon elongation and pathfinding of pioneer axons caused by two DNT-positive reference compounds (methylmercury chloride; sodium(meta)arsenite) are compared to the biochemically measured general viability of the embryo. Using conventional fluorescence microscopy to establish concentration-response curves of axon elongation, we show that this assay identifies methylmercury chloride and the pro-apoptotic compound staurosporine as developmental neurotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Bode
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Nolte
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, D-30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hannes Kamin
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, D-30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Desens
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, D-30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arthur Ulmann
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gregor A Bergmann
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philine Betker
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Reitmeier
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tammo Ripken
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, D-30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Stern
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, D-30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerd Bicker
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Physiology and Cell Biology, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
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26
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Ayali A. The puzzle of locust density-dependent phase polyphenism. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 35:41-47. [PMID: 31326696 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Locust density-dependent phase polyphenism presents a quintessential example of environmentally induced plasticity. Almost a century of research has yielded ample knowledge regarding the multitude of ecological, physiological, and molecular phase-dependent characteristics. This short review highlights the considerable advances that have been made in our understanding of the locust's extreme plasticity and the highly complex nature of the phase phenomenon. Several challenges in locust research resulting from this unique complexity are also presented. It is concluded that the joint, interdisciplinary collaborative efforts, already underway, hold the promise of translating our ample knowledge into a complete solution to untangling the locust phase puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ayali
- The School of Zoology and The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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27
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Core transcriptional signatures of phase change in the migratory locust. Protein Cell 2019; 10:883-901. [PMID: 31292921 PMCID: PMC6881432 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-019-0648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity plays fundamental roles in successful adaptation of animals in response to environmental variations. Here, to reveal the transcriptome reprogramming in locust phase change, a typical phenotypic plasticity, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of multiple phase-related transcriptomic datasets of the migratory locust. We defined PhaseCore genes according to their contribution to phase differentiation by the adjustment for confounding principal components analysis algorithm (AC-PCA). Compared with other genes, PhaseCore genes predicted phase status with over 87.5% accuracy and displayed more unique gene attributes including the faster evolution rate, higher CpG content and higher specific expression level. Then, we identified 20 transcription factors (TFs) named PhaseCoreTF genes that are associated with the regulation of PhaseCore genes. Finally, we experimentally verified the regulatory roles of three representative TFs (Hr4, Hr46, and grh) in phase change by RNAi. Our findings revealed that core transcriptional signatures are involved in the global regulation of locust phase changes, suggesting a potential common mechanism underlying phenotypic plasticity in insects. The expression and network data are accessible in an online resource called LocustMine (http://www.locustmine.org:8080/locustmine).
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28
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Hou L, Li B, Ding D, Kang L, Wang X. CREB-B acts as a key mediator of NPF/NO pathway involved in phase-related locomotor plasticity in locusts. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008176. [PMID: 31150381 PMCID: PMC6561586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression changes in neural systems are essential for environment-induced behavioral plasticity in animals; however, neuronal signaling pathways mediating the effect of external stimuli on transcriptional changes are largely unknown. Recently, we have demonstrated that the neuropeptide F (NPF)/nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway plays a regulatory role in phase-related locomotor plasticity in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. Here, we report that a conserved transcription factor, cAMP response element-binding protein B (CREB-B), is a key mediator involved in the signaling pathway from NPF2 to NOS in the migratory locust, triggering locomotor activity shift between solitarious and gregarious phases. We find that CREB-B directly activates brain NOS expression by interacting with NOS promoter region. The phosphorylation at serine 110 site of CREB-B dynamically changes in response to population density variation and is negatively controlled by NPF2. The involvement of CREB-B in NPF2-regulated locomotor plasticity is further validated by RNAi experiment and behavioral assay. Furthermore, we reveal that protein kinase A mediates the regulatory effects of NPF2 on CREB-B phosphorylation and NOS transcription. These findings highlight a precise signal cascade underlying environment-induced behavioral plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Chen D, Tang JX, Li B, Hou L, Wang X, Kang L. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing induces exon skipping by complete or stochastic altering splicing in the migratory locust. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:60. [PMID: 30253761 PMCID: PMC6156852 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been widely used to generate gene knockout/knockin models by inducing frameshift mutants in cell lines and organisms. Several recent studies have reported that such mutants can lead to in-frame exon skipping in cell lines. However, there was little research about post-transcriptional effect of CRISPR-mediated gene editing in vivo. Results We showed that frameshift indels also induced complete or stochastic exon skipping by deleting different regions to influence pre-mRNA splicing in vivo. In the migratory locust, the missing 55 bp at the boundary of intron 3 and exon 4 of an olfactory receptor gene, LmigOr35, resulted in complete exon 4 skipping, whereas the lacking 22 bp in exon 4 of LmigOr35 only resulted in stochastic exon 4 skipping. A single sgRNA induced small insertions or deletions at the boundary of intron and exon to disrupt the 3′ splicing site causing completely exon skipping, or alternatively induce small insertions or deletions in the exon to stochastic alter splicing causing the stochastic exon skipping. Conclusions These results indicated that complete or stochastic exon skipping could result from the CRISPR-mediated genome editing by deleting different regions of the gene. Although exon skipping caused by CRISPR-mediated editing was an unexpected outcome, this finding could be developed as a technology to investigate pre-mRNA splicing or to cure several human diseases caused by splicing mutations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12896-018-0465-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Beibei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Li Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Probing behaviors and their plasticity for the aphid Sitobion avenae on three alternative host plants. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203219. [PMID: 30183744 PMCID: PMC6124740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects may develop different behavioral phenotypes in response to heterogeneous environments (e.g., host plants), but the plasticity of their feeding behaviors has been rarely explored. In order to address the issue, clones of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), were collected from wheat, and their probing behaviors were recorded on three plants. Our results demonstrated that S. avenae individuals on the alternative plants (i.e., barley and oat) tended to have higher frequency of non-probing (Np), increased duration of the pathway phase, increased phloem salivation, and decreased phloem ingestion (E2), compared to those on the source plant (i.e., wheat), showing the resistance of barley and oat to this aphid's feeding. This aphid showed apparently high extents of plasticity for all test probing behaviors on barley or oat. Positive selection for higher extents of plasticity in E2 duration was identified on barley and oat. The factor 'clone' alone explained 30.6% to 70.1% of the total variance for each behavioral plasticity, suggesting that the divergence of probing behavior plasticity in S. avenae had a genetic basis. This aphid's fitness correlated positively with the plasticity of Np frequency and E2 frequency. Some behaviors and their corresponding plasticities (e.g., the frequency of xylem ingestion and its plasticity) were found to be correlated characters, probably reflecting the limits for the evolution of higher extents of behavioral plasticity in this aphid. The differential probing behaviors and their plasticity in S. avenae can have significant implications for the adaptation and management of aphids on different plants.
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Sedra L, Paluzzi JP, Lange AB. Characterization and expression of a long neuropeptide F (NPF) receptor in the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius prolixus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202425. [PMID: 30114273 PMCID: PMC6095579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a long neuropeptide F receptor of the blood-feeding hemipteran, Rhodnius prolixus (RhoprNPFR) has been cloned and characterized. Approximately 70% of the RhoprNPFR deduced protein sequence is identical to that of other hemipteran NPFRs. RhoprNPFR has seven highly-conserved transmembrane domains, two cysteine residues in the 2nd and 3rd extracellular loops that likely form a disulfide bond integral for maintaining the structure of the receptor, and a conserved DRY motif after the third transmembrane domain. All of these characteristics are typical of class A rhodopsin-like GPCRs. The receptor transcript is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and gut of both fifth instar and adult R. prolixus. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), we identified six bilaterally-paired large median neurosecretory cells (approximately 30μm in diameter) in the brain that express the RhoprNPFR mRNA transcript. We also found RhoprNPFR transcript expression in endocrine cells in the anterior midgut of fifth instars, as well as in putative pre-follicular cells present in the germarium and between developing oocytes, and in the nutritive cord. These results suggest that RhoprNPFR may play a role within the CNS, and in digestion and possibly egg production and/or egg development in R. prolixus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sedra
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Angela B. Lange
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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