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Wildenberg G, Li H, Sampathkumar V, Sorokina A, Kasthuri N. Isochronic development of cortical synapses in primates and mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8018. [PMID: 38049416 PMCID: PMC10695974 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neotenous, or delayed, development of primate neurons, particularly human ones, is thought to underlie primate-specific abilities like cognition. We tested whether synaptic development follows suit-would synapses, in absolute time, develop slower in longer-lived, highly cognitive species like non-human primates than in shorter-lived species with less human-like cognitive abilities, e.g., the mouse? Instead, we find that excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the male Mus musculus (mouse) and Rhesus macaque (primate) cortex form at similar rates, at similar times after birth. Primate excitatory and inhibitory synapses and mouse excitatory synapses also prune in such an isochronic fashion. Mouse inhibitory synapses are the lone exception, which are not pruned and instead continuously added throughout life. The monotony of synaptic development clocks across species with disparate lifespans, experiences, and cognitive abilities argues that such programs are likely orchestrated by genetic events rather than experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg Wildenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Lemont, USA.
| | - Hanyu Li
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Lemont, USA
| | - Vandana Sampathkumar
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Lemont, USA
| | - Anastasia Sorokina
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Lemont, USA
| | - Narayanan Kasthuri
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Lemont, USA.
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Wildenberg G, Li H, Kasthuri N. The Development of Synapses in Mouse and Macaque Primary Sensory Cortices. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528564. [PMID: 36824798 PMCID: PMC9949058 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
We report that the rate of synapse development in primary sensory cortices of mice and macaques is unrelated to lifespan, as was previously thought. We analyzed 28,084 synapses over multiple developmental time points in both species and find, instead, that net excitatory synapse development of mouse and macaque neurons primarily increased at similar rates in the first few postnatal months, and then decreased over a span of 1-1.5 years of age. The development of inhibitory synapses differed qualitatively across species. In macaques, net inhibitory synapses first increase and then decrease on excitatory soma at similar ages as excitatory synapses. In mice, however, such synapses are added throughout life. These findings contradict the long-held belief that the cycle of synapse formation and pruning occurs earlier in shorter-lived animals. Instead, our results suggest more nuanced rules, with the development of different types of synapses following different timing rules or different trajectories across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg Wildenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division
| | - Hanyu Li
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division
| | - Narayanan Kasthuri
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Division
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Bagavant H, Trzeciak M, Biswas I, Papinska JA, Cizio K, Deshmukh US. Antibody deposition on vascular endothelial cells contributes to localized inflammation in salivary glands. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:674-677. [PMID: 35766433 PMCID: PMC9388553 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral and ocular dryness due to reduced saliva and tear production, exocrine gland inflammation, and autoantibodies to multiple cellular proteins are the cardinal features of Sjögren's Disease. Among the autoantibody specificities, anti-Ro52 is linked with higher disease severity. We have previously reported that mice immunized with recombinant Ro52 developed IgG deposits in salivary and lacrimal glands and showed reduced saliva and tear production. Furthermore, passive transfer of sera from Ro52-immunized mice rapidly induced glandular dysfunction without immune cell infiltration in recipient mice. METHODS To identify mechanisms driving antibody-mediated salivary gland dysfunction, hyperimmune rabbit antiserum to mouse Ro52 was passively transferred into NZM2758 female mice, pretreated with alum adjuvant. Alum-pretreated mice given hyperimmune rabbit antiserum to maltose-binding protein served as controls. Antibody deposition and its distribution in the salivary glands were studied by immunofluorescence staining for rabbit IgG, nerve fibers, and endothelial cells. The nCounter inflammation panel was used to determine differentially expressed genes in the salivary gland. RESULTS Rabbit IgG deposits were detected in salivary glands of anti-Ro52 immune sera recipients. The rabbit IgG was present on the endothelial cells in small blood vessels, and it did not co-localize with nerve fibers. Ingenuity pathway analysis of the gene expression dataset predicted the canonical vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway as the most activated and Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) as the most inhibited pathway in the salivary glands of anti-Ro52 sera recipients. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that autoantibody deposition on salivary gland endothelial cells might play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Bagavant
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Marta Trzeciak
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Indranil Biswas
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Joanna A Papinska
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Katarzyna Cizio
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Umesh S Deshmukh
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Takano T, Wahl AM, Huang KT, Narita T, Rugis J, Sneyd J, Yule DI. Highly localized intracellular Ca 2+ signals promote optimal salivary gland fluid secretion. eLife 2021; 10:66170. [PMID: 34240705 PMCID: PMC8352588 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary fluid secretion involves an intricate choreography of membrane transporters to result in the trans-epithelial movement of NaCl and water into the acinus lumen. Current models are largely based on experimental observations in enzymatically isolated cells where the Ca2+ signal invariably propagates globally and thus appears ideally suited to activate spatially separated Cl and K channels, present on the apical and basolateral plasma membrane, respectively. We monitored Ca2+ signals and salivary secretion in live mice expressing GCamp6F, following stimulation of the nerves innervating the submandibular gland. Consistent with in vitro studies, Ca2+ signals were initiated in the apical endoplasmic reticulum. In marked contrast to in vitro data, highly localized trains of Ca2+ transients that failed to fully propagate from the apical region were observed. Following stimuli optimum for secretion, large apical-basal gradients were elicited. A new mathematical model, incorporating these data was constructed to probe how salivary secretion can be optimally stimulated by apical Ca2+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takano
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Amanda M Wahl
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Kai-Ting Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Takanori Narita
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - John Rugis
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Sneyd
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
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Changeux JP, Goulas A, Hilgetag CC. A Connectomic Hypothesis for the Hominization of the Brain. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2425-2449. [PMID: 33367521 PMCID: PMC8023825 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive abilities of the human brain, including language, have expanded dramatically in the course of our recent evolution from nonhuman primates, despite only minor apparent changes at the gene level. The hypothesis we propose for this paradox relies upon fundamental features of human brain connectivity, which contribute to a characteristic anatomical, functional, and computational neural phenotype, offering a parsimonious framework for connectomic changes taking place upon the human-specific evolution of the genome. Many human connectomic features might be accounted for by substantially increased brain size within the global neural architecture of the primate brain, resulting in a larger number of neurons and areas and the sparsification, increased modularity, and laminar differentiation of cortical connections. The combination of these features with the developmental expansion of upper cortical layers, prolonged postnatal brain development, and multiplied nongenetic interactions with the physical, social, and cultural environment gives rise to categorically human-specific cognitive abilities including the recursivity of language. Thus, a small set of genetic regulatory events affecting quantitative gene expression may plausibly account for the origins of human brain connectivity and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Changeux
- CNRS UMR 3571, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
- Communications Cellulaires, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandros Goulas
- Institute of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg University, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claus C Hilgetag
- Institute of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg University, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Shwartz Y, Gonzalez-Celeiro M, Chen CL, Pasolli HA, Sheu SH, Fan SMY, Shamsi F, Assaad S, Lin ETY, Zhang B, Tsai PC, He M, Tseng YH, Lin SJ, Hsu YC. Cell Types Promoting Goosebumps Form a Niche to Regulate Hair Follicle Stem Cells. Cell 2020; 182:578-593.e19. [PMID: 32679029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Piloerection (goosebumps) requires concerted actions of the hair follicle, the arrector pili muscle (APM), and the sympathetic nerve, providing a model to study interactions across epithelium, mesenchyme, and nerves. Here, we show that APMs and sympathetic nerves form a dual-component niche to modulate hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) activity. Sympathetic nerves form synapse-like structures with HFSCs and regulate HFSCs through norepinephrine, whereas APMs maintain sympathetic innervation to HFSCs. Without norepinephrine signaling, HFSCs enter deep quiescence by down-regulating the cell cycle and metabolism while up-regulating quiescence regulators Foxp1 and Fgf18. During development, HFSC progeny secretes Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) to direct the formation of this APM-sympathetic nerve niche, which in turn controls hair follicle regeneration in adults. Our results reveal a reciprocal interdependence between a regenerative tissue and its niche at different stages and demonstrate sympathetic nerves can modulate stem cells through synapse-like connections and neurotransmitters to couple tissue production with demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Shwartz
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Meryem Gonzalez-Celeiro
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chih-Lung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shu-Hsien Sheu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Sabrina Mai-Yi Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Farnaz Shamsi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steven Assaad
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Edrick Tai-Yu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Pai-Chi Tsai
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Megan He
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sung-Jan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Berger DR, Seung HS, Lichtman JW. VAST (Volume Annotation and Segmentation Tool): Efficient Manual and Semi-Automatic Labeling of Large 3D Image Stacks. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:88. [PMID: 30386216 PMCID: PMC6198149 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in serial-section electron microscopy allow the efficient generation of very large image data sets but analyzing such data poses challenges for software tools. Here we introduce Volume Annotation and Segmentation Tool (VAST), a freely available utility program for generating and editing annotations and segmentations of large volumetric image (voxel) data sets. It provides a simple yet powerful user interface for real-time exploration and analysis of large data sets even in the Petabyte range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Berger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - H Sebastian Seung
- Computer Science Department, Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Jeff W Lichtman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Ernsberger U, Rohrer H. Sympathetic tales: subdivisons of the autonomic nervous system and the impact of developmental studies. Neural Dev 2018; 13:20. [PMID: 30213267 PMCID: PMC6137933 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-018-0117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkable progress in a range of biomedical disciplines has promoted the understanding of the cellular components of the autonomic nervous system and their differentiation during development to a critical level. Characterization of the gene expression fingerprints of individual neurons and identification of the key regulators of autonomic neuron differentiation enables us to comprehend the development of different sets of autonomic neurons. Their individual functional properties emerge as a consequence of differential gene expression initiated by the action of specific developmental regulators. In this review, we delineate the anatomical and physiological observations that led to the subdivision into sympathetic and parasympathetic domains and analyze how the recent molecular insights melt into and challenge the classical description of the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Ernsberger
- Institute for Clinical Neuroanatomy, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Hermann Rohrer
- Institute for Clinical Neuroanatomy, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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