1
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Tsissios G, Sallese A, Perez-Estrada JR, Tangeman JA, Chen W, Smucker B, Ratvasky SC, Grajales-Esquivel E, Martinez A, Visser KJ, Joven Araus A, Wang H, Simon A, Yun MH, Del Rio-Tsonis K. Macrophages modulate fibrosis during newt lens regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:141. [PMID: 38745238 PMCID: PMC11094960 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that macrophages are present during lens regeneration in newts, but their role in the process is yet to be elucidated. METHODS Here we generated a transgenic reporter line using the newt, Pleurodeles waltl, that traces macrophages during lens regeneration. Furthermore, we assessed early changes in gene expression during lens regeneration using two newt species, Notophthalmus viridescens and Pleurodeles waltl. Finally, we used clodronate liposomes to deplete macrophages during lens regeneration in both species and tested the effect of a subsequent secondary injury after macrophage recovery. RESULTS Macrophage depletion abrogated lens regeneration, induced the formation of scar-like tissue, led to inflammation, decreased iris pigment epithelial cell (iPEC) proliferation, and increased rates of apoptosis in the eye. Some of these phenotypes persisted throughout the last observation period of 100 days and could be attenuated by exogenous FGF2 administration. A distinct transcript profile encoding acute inflammatory effectors was established for the dorsal iris. Reinjury of the newt eye alleviated the effects of macrophage depletion, including the resolution of scar-like tissue, and re-initiated the regeneration process. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings highlight the importance of macrophages for facilitating a pro-regenerative environment in the newt eye by regulating fibrotic responses, modulating the overall inflammatory landscape, and maintaining the proper balance of early proliferation and late apoptosis of the iPECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsissios
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Center for Visual Sciences at, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Anthony Sallese
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Center for Visual Sciences at, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - J Raul Perez-Estrada
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Center for Visual Sciences at, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Jared A Tangeman
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Center for Visual Sciences at, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Weihao Chen
- Center for Visual Sciences at, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Byran Smucker
- Center for Visual Sciences at, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Department of Statistics, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Sophia C Ratvasky
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Center for Visual Sciences at, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Erika Grajales-Esquivel
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Center for Visual Sciences at, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Arielle Martinez
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Center for Visual Sciences at, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly J Visser
- CRTD/ Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alberto Joven Araus
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hui Wang
- Center for Visual Sciences at, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - András Simon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maximina H Yun
- CRTD/ Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katia Del Rio-Tsonis
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.
- Center for Visual Sciences at, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.
- Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.
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2
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Cardeira-da-Silva J, Wang Q, Sagvekar P, Mintcheva J, Latting S, Günther S, Ramadass R, Yekelchyk M, Preussner J, Looso M, Junker JP, Stainier DYR. Antigen presentation plays positive roles in the regenerative response to cardiac injury in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3637. [PMID: 38684665 PMCID: PMC11058276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In contrast to adult mammals, adult zebrafish can fully regenerate injured cardiac tissue, and this regeneration process requires an adequate and tightly controlled immune response. However, which components of the immune response are required during regeneration is unclear. Here, we report positive roles for the antigen presentation-adaptive immunity axis during zebrafish cardiac regeneration. We find that following the initial innate immune response, activated endocardial cells (EdCs), as well as immune cells, start expressing antigen presentation genes. We also observe that T helper cells, a.k.a. Cd4+ T cells, lie in close physical proximity to these antigen-presenting EdCs. We targeted Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II antigen presentation by generating cd74a; cd74b mutants, which display a defective immune response. In these mutants, Cd4+ T cells and activated EdCs fail to efficiently populate the injured tissue and EdC proliferation is significantly decreased. cd74a; cd74b mutants exhibit additional defects in cardiac regeneration including reduced cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation. Notably, Cd74 also becomes activated in neonatal mouse EdCs following cardiac injury. Altogether, these findings point to positive roles for antigen presentation during cardiac regeneration, potentially involving interactions between activated EdCs, classical antigen-presenting cells, and Cd4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cardeira-da-Silva
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Qianchen Wang
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Pooja Sagvekar
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Janita Mintcheva
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Latting
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Radhan Ramadass
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michail Yekelchyk
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jens Preussner
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Junker
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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3
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Sun J, Peterson EA, Chen X, Wang J. ptx3a + fibroblast/epicardial cells provide a transient macrophage niche to promote heart regeneration. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114092. [PMID: 38607913 PMCID: PMC11092985 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages conduct critical roles in heart repair, but the niche required to nurture and anchor them is poorly studied. Here, we investigated the macrophage niche in the regenerating heart. We analyzed cell-cell interactions through published single-cell RNA sequencing datasets and identified a strong interaction between fibroblast/epicardial (Fb/Epi) cells and macrophages. We further visualized the association of macrophages with Fb/Epi cells and the blockage of macrophage response without Fb/Epi cells in the regenerating zebrafish heart. Moreover, we found that ptx3a+ epicardial cells associate with reparative macrophages, and their depletion resulted in fewer reparative macrophages. Further, we identified csf1a expression in ptx3a+ cells and determined that pharmacological inhibition of the csf1a pathway or csf1a knockout blocked the reparative macrophage response. Moreover, we found that genetic overexpression of csf1a enhanced the reparative macrophage response with or without heart injury. Altogether, our studies illuminate a cardiac Fb/Epi niche, which mediates a beneficial macrophage response after heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Sun
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Peterson
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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4
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Carey CM, Hollins HL, Schmid AV, Gagnon JA. Distinct features of the regenerating heart uncovered through comparative single-cell profiling. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060156. [PMID: 38526188 PMCID: PMC11007736 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult humans respond to heart injury by forming a permanent scar, yet other vertebrates are capable of robust and complete cardiac regeneration. Despite progress towards characterizing the mechanisms of cardiac regeneration in fish and amphibians, the large evolutionary gulf between mammals and regenerating vertebrates complicates deciphering which cellular and molecular features truly enable regeneration. To better define these features, we compared cardiac injury responses in zebrafish and medaka, two fish species that share similar heart anatomy and common teleost ancestry but differ in regenerative capability. We used single-cell transcriptional profiling to create a time-resolved comparative cell atlas of injury responses in all major cardiac cell types across both species. With this approach, we identified several key features that distinguish cardiac injury response in the non-regenerating medaka heart. By comparing immune responses to injury, we found altered cell recruitment and a distinct pro-inflammatory gene program in medaka leukocytes, and an absence of the injury-induced interferon response seen in zebrafish. In addition, we found a lack of pro-regenerative signals, including nrg1 and retinoic acid, from medaka endothelial and epicardial cells. Finally, we identified alterations in the myocardial structure in medaka, where they lack primordial layer cardiomyocytes and fail to employ a cardioprotective gene program shared by regenerating vertebrates. Our findings reveal notable variation in injury response across nearly all major cardiac cell types in zebrafish and medaka, demonstrating how evolutionary divergence influences the hidden cellular features underpinning regenerative potential in these seemingly similar vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton M. Carey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Hailey L. Hollins
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Alexis V. Schmid
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - James A. Gagnon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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5
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Peterson EA, Sun J, Chen X, Wang J. Neutrophils facilitate the epicardial regenerative response after zebrafish heart injury. Dev Biol 2024; 508:93-106. [PMID: 38286185 PMCID: PMC10923159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive studies on endogenous heart regeneration within the past 20 years, the players involved in initiating early regeneration events are far from clear. Here, we assessed the function of neutrophils, the first-responder cells to tissue damage, during zebrafish heart regeneration. We detected rapid neutrophil mobilization to the injury site after ventricular amputation, peaking at 1-day post-amputation (dpa) and resolving by 3 dpa. Further analyses indicated neutrophil mobilization coincides with peak epicardial cell proliferation, and recruited neutrophils associated with activated, expanding epicardial cells at 1 dpa. Neutrophil depletion inhibited myocardial regeneration and significantly reduced epicardial cell expansion, proliferation, and activation. To explore the molecular mechanism of neutrophils on the epicardial regenerative response, we performed scRNA-seq analysis of 1 dpa neutrophils and identified enrichment of the FGF and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Pharmacological inhibition of FGF signaling indicated its' requirement for epicardial expansion, while neutrophil depletion blocked MAPK/ERK signaling activation in epicardial cells. Ligand-receptor analysis indicated the EGF ligand, hbegfa, is released from neutrophils and synergizes with other FGF and MAPK/ERK factors for induction of epicardial regeneration. Altogether, our studies revealed that neutrophils quickly motivate epicardial cells, which later accumulate at the injury site and contribute to heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Peterson
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jisheng Sun
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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6
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Constanty F, Wu B, Wei KH, Lin IT, Dallmann J, Guenther S, Lautenschlaeger T, Priya R, Lai SL, Stainier DYR, Beisaw A. Border-zone cardiomyocytes and macrophages contribute to remodeling of the extracellular matrix to promote cardiomyocyte invasion during zebrafish cardiac regeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.12.584570. [PMID: 38559277 PMCID: PMC10980021 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.12.584570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite numerous advances in our understanding of zebrafish cardiac regeneration, an aspect that remains less studied is how regenerating cardiomyocytes invade, and eventually replace, the collagen-containing fibrotic tissue following injury. Here, we provide an in-depth analysis of the process of cardiomyocyte invasion using live-imaging and histological approaches. We observed close interactions between protruding cardiomyocytes and macrophages at the wound border zone, and macrophage-deficient irf8 mutant zebrafish exhibited defects in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and cardiomyocyte protrusion into the injured area. Using a resident macrophage ablation model, we show that defects in ECM remodeling at the border zone and subsequent cardiomyocyte protrusion can be partly attributed to a population of resident macrophages. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of cells at the wound border revealed a population of cardiomyocytes and macrophages with fibroblast-like gene expression signatures, including the expression of genes encoding ECM structural proteins and ECM-remodeling proteins. The expression of mmp14b , which encodes a membrane-anchored matrix metalloproteinase, was restricted to cells in the border zone, including cardiomyocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and endocardial/endothelial cells. Genetic deletion of mmp14b led to a decrease in 1) macrophage recruitment to the border zone, 2) collagen degradation at the border zone, and 3) subsequent cardiomyocyte invasion. Furthermore, cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of mmp14b was sufficient to enhance cardiomyocyte invasion into the injured tissue and along the apical surface of the wound. Altogether, our data shed important insights into the process of cardiomyocyte invasion of the collagen-containing injured tissue during cardiac regeneration. They further suggest that cardiomyocytes and resident macrophages contribute to ECM remodeling at the border zone to promote cardiomyocyte replenishment of the fibrotic injured tissue.
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7
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Tan FH, Bronner ME. Regenerative loss in the animal kingdom as viewed from the mouse digit tip and heart. Dev Biol 2024; 507:44-63. [PMID: 38145727 PMCID: PMC10922877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The myriad regenerative abilities across the animal kingdom have fascinated us for centuries. Recent advances in developmental, molecular, and cellular biology have allowed us to unearth a surprising diversity of mechanisms through which these processes occur. Developing an all-encompassing theory of animal regeneration has thus proved a complex endeavor. In this chapter, we frame the evolution and loss of animal regeneration within the broad developmental constraints that may physiologically inhibit regenerative ability across animal phylogeny. We then examine the mouse as a model of regeneration loss, specifically the experimental systems of the digit tip and heart. We discuss the digit tip and heart as a positionally-limited system of regeneration and a temporally-limited system of regeneration, respectively. We delve into the physiological processes involved in both forms of regeneration, and how each phase of the healing and regenerative process may be affected by various molecular signals, systemic changes, or microenvironmental cues. Lastly, we also discuss the various approaches and interventions used to induce or improve the regenerative response in both contexts, and the implications they have for our understanding regenerative ability more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayth Hui Tan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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8
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Simkin J, Aloysius A, Adam M, Safaee F, Donahue RR, Biswas S, Lakhani Z, Gensel JC, Thybert D, Potter S, Seifert AW. Tissue-resident macrophages specifically express Lactotransferrin and Vegfc during ear pinna regeneration in spiny mice. Dev Cell 2024; 59:496-516.e6. [PMID: 38228141 PMCID: PMC10922778 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The details of how macrophages control different healing trajectories (regeneration vs. scar formation) remain poorly defined. Spiny mice (Acomys spp.) can regenerate external ear pinnae tissue, whereas lab mice (Mus musculus) form scar tissue in response to an identical injury. Here, we used this dual species system to dissect macrophage phenotypes between healing modes. We identified secreted factors from activated Acomys macrophages that induce a pro-regenerative phenotype in fibroblasts from both species. Transcriptional profiling of Acomys macrophages and subsequent in vitro tests identified VEGFC, PDGFA, and Lactotransferrin (LTF) as potential pro-regenerative modulators. Examining macrophages in vivo, we found that Acomys-resident macrophages secreted VEGFC and LTF, whereas Mus macrophages do not. Lastly, we demonstrate the requirement for VEGFC during regeneration and find that interrupting lymphangiogenesis delays blastema and new tissue formation. Together, our results demonstrate that cell-autonomous mechanisms govern how macrophages react to the same stimuli to differentially produce factors that facilitate regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Simkin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, LSU Health-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Ajoy Aloysius
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Mike Adam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Fatemeh Safaee
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Renée R Donahue
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Shishir Biswas
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Zohaib Lakhani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, LSU Health-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - John C Gensel
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - David Thybert
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven Potter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ashley W Seifert
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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9
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Dong Y, Yang Y, Wang H, Feng D, Nist E, Yapundich N, Spurlock B, Craft M, Qian L, Liu J. Single-cell chromatin profiling reveals genetic programs activating proregenerative states in nonmyocyte cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk4694. [PMID: 38381829 PMCID: PMC10881044 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk4694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac regeneration requires coordinated participation of multiple cell types whereby their communications result in transient activation of proregenerative cell states. Although the molecular characteristics and lineage origins of these activated cell states and their contribution to cardiac regeneration have been studied, the extracellular signaling and the intrinsic genetic program underlying the activation of the transient functional cell states remain largely unexplored. In this study, we delineated the chromatin landscapes of the noncardiomyocytes (nonCMs) of the regenerating heart at the single-cell level and inferred the cis-regulatory architectures and trans-acting factors that control cell type-specific gene expression programs. Moreover, further motif analysis and cell-specific genetic manipulations suggest that the macrophage-derived inflammatory signal tumor necrosis factor-α, acting via its downstream transcription factor complex activator protein-1, functions cooperatively with discrete transcription regulators to activate respective nonCM cell types critical for cardiac regeneration. Thus, our study defines the regulatory architectures and intercellular communication principles in zebrafish heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhan Dong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Haofei Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dong Feng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nist
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nicholas Yapundich
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brian Spurlock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Madison Craft
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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10
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Weinberger M, Riley PR. Animal models to study cardiac regeneration. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:89-105. [PMID: 37580429 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Permanent fibrosis and chronic deterioration of heart function in patients after myocardial infarction present a major health-care burden worldwide. In contrast to the restricted potential for cellular and functional regeneration of the adult mammalian heart, a robust capacity for cardiac regeneration is seen during the neonatal period in mammals as well as in the adults of many fish and amphibian species. However, we lack a complete understanding as to why cardiac regeneration takes place more efficiently in some species than in others. The capacity of the heart to regenerate after injury is controlled by a complex network of cellular and molecular mechanisms that form a regulatory landscape, either permitting or restricting regeneration. In this Review, we provide an overview of the diverse array of vertebrates that have been studied for their cardiac regenerative potential and discuss differential heart regeneration outcomes in closely related species. Additionally, we summarize current knowledge about the core mechanisms that regulate cardiac regeneration across vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weinberger
- Institute of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul R Riley
- Institute of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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11
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Sansonetti M, Al Soodi B, Thum T, Jung M. Macrophage-based therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:1-33. [PMID: 38170281 PMCID: PMC10837257 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the advances in treatment options, cardiovascular disease (CVDs) remains the leading cause of death over the world. Chronic inflammatory response and irreversible fibrosis are the main underlying pathophysiological causes of progression of CVDs. In recent decades, cardiac macrophages have been recognized as main regulatory players in the development of these complex pathophysiological conditions. Numerous approaches aimed at macrophages have been devised, leading to novel prospects for therapeutic interventions. Our review covers the advancements in macrophage-centric treatment plans for various pathologic conditions and examines the potential consequences and obstacles of employing macrophage-targeted techniques in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marida Sansonetti
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bashar Al Soodi
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- REBIRTH-Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Mira Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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12
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Rolland L, Abaroa JM, Faucherre A, Drouard A, Jopling C. The ion channel Trpc6a regulates the cardiomyocyte regenerative response to mechanical stretch. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1186086. [PMID: 38259319 PMCID: PMC10801195 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1186086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial damage caused, for example, by cardiac ischemia leads to ventricular volume overload resulting in increased stretch of the remaining myocardium. In adult mammals, these changes trigger an adaptive cardiomyocyte hypertrophic response which, if the damage is extensive, will ultimately lead to pathological hypertrophy and heart failure. Conversely, in response to extensive myocardial damage, cardiomyocytes in the adult zebrafish heart and neonatal mice proliferate and completely regenerate the damaged myocardium. We therefore hypothesized that in adult zebrafish, changes in mechanical loading due to myocardial damage may act as a trigger to induce cardiac regeneration. Based on this notion we sought to identify mechanosensors which could be involved in detecting changes in mechanical loading and triggering regeneration. Here we show using a combination of knockout animals, RNAseq and in vitro assays that the mechanosensitive ion channel Trpc6a is required by cardiomyocytes for successful cardiac regeneration in adult zebrafish. Furthermore, using a cyclic cell stretch assay, we have determined that Trpc6a induces the expression of components of the AP1 transcription complex in response to mechanical stretch. Our data highlights how changes in mechanical forces due to myocardial damage can be detected by mechanosensors which in turn can trigger cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chris Jopling
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, LabEx ICST, Montpellier, France
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13
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Beisaw A, Wu CC. Cardiomyocyte maturation and its reversal during cardiac regeneration. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:8-27. [PMID: 36502296 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Due to the limited proliferative and regenerative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes, the lost myocardium is not replenished efficiently and is replaced by a fibrotic scar, which eventually leads to heart failure. Current therapies to cure or delay the progression of heart failure are limited; hence, there is a pressing need for regenerative approaches to support the failing heart. Cardiomyocytes undergo a series of transcriptional, structural, and metabolic changes after birth (collectively termed maturation), which is critical for their contractile function but limits the regenerative capacity of the heart. In regenerative organisms, cardiomyocytes revert from their terminally differentiated state into a less mature state (ie, dedifferentiation) to allow for proliferation and regeneration to occur. Importantly, stimulating adult cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation has been shown to promote morphological and functional improvement after myocardial infarction, further highlighting the importance of cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation in heart regeneration. Here, we review several hallmarks of cardiomyocyte maturation, and summarize how their reversal facilitates cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. A detailed understanding of how cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation is regulated will provide insights into therapeutic options to promote cardiomyocyte de-maturation and proliferation, and ultimately heart regeneration in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arica Beisaw
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chi-Chung Wu
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Huang H, Huang GN, Payumo AY. Two decades of heart regeneration research: Cardiomyocyte proliferation and beyond. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1629. [PMID: 37700522 PMCID: PMC10840678 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Interest in vertebrate cardiac regeneration has exploded over the past two decades since the discovery that adult zebrafish are capable of complete heart regeneration, contrasting the limited regenerative potential typically observed in adult mammalian hearts. Undercovering the mechanisms that both support and limit cardiac regeneration across the animal kingdom may provide unique insights in how we may unlock this capacity in adult humans. In this review, we discuss key discoveries in the heart regeneration field over the last 20 years. Initially, seminal findings revealed that pre-existing cardiomyocytes are the major source of regenerated cardiac muscle, drawing interest into the intrinsic mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation. Moreover, recent studies have identified the importance of intercellular interactions and physiological adaptations, which highlight the vast complexity of the cardiac regenerative process. Finally, we compare strategies that have been tested to increase the regenerative capacity of the adult mammalian heart. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Guo N. Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute & Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Alexander Y. Payumo
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
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15
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Zhu H, Liao D, Mehmood MA, Huang Y, Yuan W, Zheng J, Ma Y, Peng Y, Tian G, Xiao X, Lan C, Li L, Xu K, Lu H, Wang N. Systolic heart failure induced by butylparaben in zebrafish is caused through oxidative stress and immunosuppression. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115692. [PMID: 37981439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to Butylparaben (BuP) widespread application in cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals, and its presence as an environmental residue, human and animal exposure to BuP is common, potentially posing hazards to both human and animal health. Congenital heart disease is already a serious problem. However, the effects of BuP on the developing heart and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, zebrafish embryos were exposed to environmentally and human-relevant concentrations of BuP (0.6 mg/L, 1.2 mg/L, and 1.8 mg/L, calculated but not measured) at 6 h post-fertilization (hpf) and were treated until 72 hpf. Exposure to BuP led to cardiac morphological defects and cardiac dysfunction in zebrafish embryos, manifesting symptoms similar to systolic heart failure. The etiology of BuP-induced systolic heart failure in zebrafish embryos is multifactorial, including cardiomyocyte apoptosis, endocardial and atrioventricular valve damage, insufficient myocardial energy, impaired Ca2+ homeostasis, depletion of cardiac-resident macrophages, cardiac immune non-responsiveness, and cardiac oxidative stress. However, excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cardiac region and cardiac immunosuppression (depletion of cardiac-resident macrophages and cardiac immune non-responsiveness) may be the predominant factors. In conclusion, this study indicates that BuP is a potential hazardous substance that can cause adverse effects on the developing heart and provides evidence and insights into the pathological mechanisms by which BuP leads to cardiac dysfunction. It may help to prevent the BuP-based congenital heart disease heart failure in human through ameliorating strategies and BuP discharge policies, while raising awareness to prevent the misuse of preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China; Wuliangye Group Co., Ltd., Yibin 644007, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Special Grain for Wine Making, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Dalong Liao
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China; Bioenergy Research Center, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yong Huang
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Wuliangye Group Co., Ltd., Yibin 644007, China
| | - Yi Ma
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Special Grain for Wine Making, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Yuyang Peng
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Guiyou Tian
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaoping Xiao
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chaohua Lan
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Linman Li
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Kewei Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Center for Clinical Medicine Research of Jinggangshan University, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China; Chengdu Chongqing Shuangcheng economic circle (Luzhou) advanced technology research institute, Luzhou 646000, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Special Grain for Wine Making, Yibin 644000, China.
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16
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Apaydin O, Altaikyzy A, Filosa A, Sawamiphak S. Alpha-1 adrenergic signaling drives cardiac regeneration via extracellular matrix remodeling transcriptional program in zebrafish macrophages. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2460-2476.e7. [PMID: 37875117 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system plays a pivotal role in cardiac repair. Here, we describe the mechanistic underpinning of adrenergic signaling in fibrotic and regenerative response of the heart to be dependent on immunomodulation. A pharmacological approach identified adrenergic receptor alpha-1 as a key regulator of macrophage phenotypic diversification following myocardial damage in zebrafish. Genetic manipulation and single-cell transcriptomics showed that the receptor signals activation of an "extracellular matrix remodeling" transcriptional program in a macrophage subset, which serves as a key regulator of matrix composition and turnover. Mechanistically, adrenergic receptor alpha-1-activated macrophages determine activation of collagen-12-expressing fibroblasts, a cellular determinant of cardiac regenerative niche, through midkine-mediated paracrine crosstalk, allowing lymphatic and blood vessel growth and cardiomyocyte proliferation at the lesion site. These findings identify the mechanism of adrenergic signaling in macrophage phenotypic and functional determination and highlight the potential of neural modulation for regulation of fibrosis and coordination of myocardial regenerative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Apaydin
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Akerke Altaikyzy
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Filosa
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Suphansa Sawamiphak
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Seifert AW, Duncan EM, Zayas RM. Enduring questions in regenerative biology and the search for answers. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1139. [PMID: 37945686 PMCID: PMC10636051 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential for basic research to uncover the inner workings of regenerative processes and produce meaningful medical therapies has inspired scientists, clinicians, and patients for hundreds of years. Decades of studies using a handful of highly regenerative model organisms have significantly advanced our knowledge of key cell types and molecular pathways involved in regeneration. However, many questions remain about how regenerative processes unfold in regeneration-competent species, how they are curtailed in non-regenerative organisms, and how they might be induced (or restored) in humans. Recent technological advances in genomics, molecular biology, computer science, bioengineering, and stem cell research hold promise to collectively provide new experimental evidence for how different organisms accomplish the process of regeneration. In theory, this new evidence should inform the design of new clinical approaches for regenerative medicine. A deeper understanding of how tissues and organs regenerate will also undoubtedly impact many adjacent scientific fields. To best apply and adapt these new technologies in ways that break long-standing barriers and answer critical questions about regeneration, we must combine the deep knowledge of developmental and evolutionary biologists with the hard-earned expertise of scientists in mechanistic and technical fields. To this end, this perspective is based on conversations from a workshop we organized at the Banbury Center, during which a diverse cross-section of the regeneration research community and experts in various technologies discussed enduring questions in regenerative biology. Here, we share the questions this group identified as significant and unanswered, i.e., known unknowns. We also describe the obstacles limiting our progress in answering these questions and how expanding the number and diversity of organisms used in regeneration research is essential for deepening our understanding of regenerative capacity. Finally, we propose that investigating these problems collaboratively across a diverse network of researchers has the potential to advance our field and produce unexpected insights into important questions in related areas of biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley W Seifert
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
| | - Elizabeth M Duncan
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
| | - Ricardo M Zayas
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
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18
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Palsamy K, Chen JY, Skaggs K, Qadeer Y, Connors M, Cutler N, Richmond J, Kommidi V, Poles A, Affrunti D, Powell C, Goldman D, Parent JM. Microglial depletion after brain injury prolongs inflammation and impairs brain repair, adult neurogenesis and pro-regenerative signaling. Glia 2023; 71:2642-2663. [PMID: 37449457 PMCID: PMC10528132 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The adult zebrafish brain, unlike mammals, has a remarkable regenerative capacity. Although inflammation in part hinders regeneration in mammals, it is necessary for zebrafish brain repair. Microglia are resident brain immune cells that regulate the inflammatory response. To explore the microglial role in repair, we used liposomal clodronate or colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (csf1r) inhibitor to suppress microglia after brain injury, and also examined regeneration in two genetic mutant lines that lack microglia. We found that microglial ablation impaired telencephalic regeneration after injury. Microglial suppression attenuated cell proliferation at the intermediate progenitor cell amplification stage of neurogenesis. Notably, the loss of microglia impaired phospho-Stat3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and ß-Catenin signaling after injury. Furthermore, the ectopic activation of Stat3 and ß-Catenin rescued neurogenesis defects caused by microglial loss. Microglial suppression also prolonged the post-injury inflammatory phase characterized by neutrophil accumulation, likely hindering the resolution of inflammation. These findings reveal specific roles of microglia and inflammatory signaling during zebrafish telencephalic regeneration that should advance strategies to improve mammalian brain repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanagaraj Palsamy
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jessica Y Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kaia Skaggs
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- University of Findlay, Findlay, Ohio, USA
| | - Yusuf Qadeer
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Meghan Connors
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Noah Cutler
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joshua Richmond
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vineeth Kommidi
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Allison Poles
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Danielle Affrunti
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Curtis Powell
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jack M Parent
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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19
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Rao A, Lyu B, Jahan I, Lubertozzi A, Zhou G, Tedeschi F, Jankowsky E, Kang J, Carstens B, Poss KD, Baskin K, Goldman JA. The translation initiation factor homolog eif4e1c regulates cardiomyocyte metabolism and proliferation during heart regeneration. Development 2023; 150:dev201376. [PMID: 37306388 PMCID: PMC10281269 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The eIF4E family of translation initiation factors bind 5' methylated caps and act as the limiting step for mRNA translation. The canonical eIF4E1A is required for cell viability, yet other related eIF4E families exist and are utilized in specific contexts or tissues. Here, we describe a family called Eif4e1c, for which we find roles during heart development and regeneration in zebrafish. The Eif4e1c family is present in all aquatic vertebrates but is lost in all terrestrial species. A core group of amino acids shared over 500 million years of evolution forms an interface along the protein surface, suggesting that Eif4e1c functions in a novel pathway. Deletion of eif4e1c in zebrafish caused growth deficits and impaired survival in juveniles. Mutants surviving to adulthood had fewer cardiomyocytes and reduced proliferative responses to cardiac injury. Ribosome profiling of mutant hearts demonstrated changes in translation efficiency of mRNA for genes known to regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation. Although eif4e1c is broadly expressed, its disruption had most notable impact on the heart and at juvenile stages. Our findings reveal context-dependent requirements for translation initiation regulators during heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Rao
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Baken Lyu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ishrat Jahan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anna Lubertozzi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gao Zhou
- Center for RNA Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106USA
| | - Frank Tedeschi
- Center for RNA Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106USA
| | - Eckhard Jankowsky
- Center for RNA Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106USA
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Bryan Carstens
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kedryn Baskin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph Aaron Goldman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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20
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Castillo-Casas JM, Caño-Carrillo S, Sánchez-Fernández C, Franco D, Lozano-Velasco E. Comparative Analysis of Heart Regeneration: Searching for the Key to Heal the Heart-Part II: Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiac Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:357. [PMID: 37754786 PMCID: PMC10531542 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10090357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, among which ischemic heart disease is the most representative. Myocardial infarction results from occlusion of a coronary artery, which leads to an insufficient blood supply to the myocardium. As it is well known, the massive loss of cardiomyocytes cannot be solved due the limited regenerative ability of the adult mammalian hearts. In contrast, some lower vertebrate species can regenerate the heart after an injury; their study has disclosed some of the involved cell types, molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways during the regenerative process. In this 'two parts' review, we discuss the current state-of-the-art of the main response to achieve heart regeneration, where several processes are involved and essential for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Castillo-Casas
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
| | - Sheila Caño-Carrillo
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Fernández
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, 18007 Granada, Spain
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21
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Wei KH, Lin IT, Chowdhury K, Lim KL, Liu KT, Ko TM, Chang YM, Yang KC, Lai SL(B. Comparative single-cell profiling reveals distinct cardiac resident macrophages essential for zebrafish heart regeneration. eLife 2023; 12:e84679. [PMID: 37498060 PMCID: PMC10411971 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish exhibit a robust ability to regenerate their hearts following injury, and the immune system plays a key role in this process. We previously showed that delaying macrophage recruitment by clodronate liposome (-1d_CL, macrophage-delayed model) impairs neutrophil resolution and heart regeneration, even when the infiltrating macrophage number was restored within the first week post injury (Lai et al., 2017). It is thus intriguing to learn the regenerative macrophage property by comparing these late macrophages vs. control macrophages during cardiac repair. Here, we further investigate the mechanistic insights of heart regeneration by comparing the non-regenerative macrophage-delayed model with regenerative controls. Temporal RNAseq analyses revealed that -1d_CL treatment led to disrupted inflammatory resolution, reactive oxygen species homeostasis, and energy metabolism during cardiac repair. Comparative single-cell RNAseq profiling of inflammatory cells from regenerative vs. non-regenerative hearts further identified heterogeneous macrophages and neutrophils, showing alternative activation and cellular crosstalk leading to neutrophil retention and chronic inflammation. Among macrophages, two residential subpopulations (hbaa+ Mac and timp4.3+ Mac 3) were enriched only in regenerative hearts and barely recovered after +1d_CL treatment. To deplete the resident macrophage without delaying the circulating macrophage recruitment, we established the resident macrophage-deficient model by administrating CL earlier at 8 d (-8d_CL) before cryoinjury. Strikingly, resident macrophage-deficient zebrafish still exhibited defects in revascularization, cardiomyocyte survival, debris clearance, and extracellular matrix remodeling/scar resolution without functional compensation from the circulating/monocyte-derived macrophages. Our results characterized the diverse function and interaction between inflammatory cells and identified unique resident macrophages prerequisite for zebrafish heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Hsuan Wei
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - I-Ting Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kaushik Chowdhury
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Khai Lone Lim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Liu
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tai-Ming Ko
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yao-Ming Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shih-Lei (Ben) Lai
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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22
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Carey CM, Hollins HL, Schmid AV, Gagnon JA. Distinct features of the regenerating heart uncovered through comparative single-cell profiling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.04.547574. [PMID: 37461520 PMCID: PMC10349989 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.04.547574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Adult humans respond to heart injury by forming a permanent scar, yet other vertebrates are capable of robust and complete cardiac regeneration. Despite progress towards characterizing the mechanisms of cardiac regeneration in fish and amphibians, the large evolutionary gulf between mammals and regenerating vertebrates complicates deciphering which cellular and molecular features truly enable regeneration. To better define these features, we compared cardiac injury responses in zebrafish and medaka, two fish species that share similar heart anatomy and common teleost ancestry but differ in regenerative capability. We used single-cell transcriptional profiling to create a time-resolved comparative cell atlas of injury responses in all major cardiac cell types across both species. With this approach, we identified several key features that distinguish cardiac injury response in the non-regenerating medaka heart. By comparing immune responses to injury, we found altered cell recruitment and a distinct pro-inflammatory gene program in medaka leukocytes, and an absence of the injury-induced interferon response seen in zebrafish. In addition, we found a lack of pro-regenerative signals, including nrg1 and retinoic acid, from medaka endothelial and epicardial cells. Finally, we identified alterations in the myocardial structure in medaka, where they lack embryonic-like primordial layer cardiomyocytes, and fail to employ a cardioprotective gene program shared by regenerating vertebrates. Our findings reveal notable variation in injury response across nearly all major cardiac cell types in zebrafish and medaka, demonstrating how evolutionary divergence influences the hidden cellular features underpinning regenerative potential in these seemingly similar vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton M. Carey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Hailey L. Hollins
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Alexis V. Schmid
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - James A. Gagnon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Henry Eyring Center for Cell & Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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23
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Bergamini G, Sacchi S, Ferri A, Franchi N, Montanari M, Ahmad M, Losi C, Nasi M, Cocchi M, Malagoli D. Clodronate Liposome-Mediated Phagocytic Hemocyte Depletion Affects the Regeneration of the Cephalic Tentacle of the Invasive Snail, Pomacea canaliculata. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:992. [PMID: 37508422 PMCID: PMC10376890 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
After amputation, granular hemocytes infiltrate the blastema of regenerating cephalic tentacles of the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata. Here, the circulating phagocytic hemocytes were chemically depleted by injecting the snails with clodronate liposomes, and the effects on the cephalic tentacle regeneration onset and on Pc-Hemocyanin, Pc-transglutaminase (Pc-TG) and Pc-Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 (Pc-AIF-1) gene expressions were investigated. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that clodronate liposomes targeted large circulating hemocytes, resulting in a transient decrease in their number. Corresponding with the phagocyte depletion, tentacle regeneration onset was halted, and it resumed at the expected pace when clodronate liposome effects were no longer visible. In addition to the regeneration progress, the expressions of Pc-Hemocyanin, Pc-TG, and Pc-AIF-1, which are markers of hemocyte-mediated functions like oxygen transport and immunity, clotting, and inflammation, were modified. After the injection of clodronate liposomes, a specific computer-assisted image analysis protocol still evidenced the presence of granular hemocytes in the tentacle blastema. This is consistent with reports indicating the large and agranular hemocyte population as the most represented among the professional phagocytes of P. canaliculata and with the hypothesis that different hemocyte morphologies could exert diverse biological functions, as it has been observed in other invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bergamini
- Department Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Zoological Station "Anton Dohrn", 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Sandro Sacchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Anita Ferri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Nicola Franchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Montanari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Mohamad Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- LASIRE, Université de Lille, Cité Scientifique, 59650 Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - Chiara Losi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marina Cocchi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Malagoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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24
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Banerjee D, Tian R, Cai S. The Role of Innate Immune Cells in Cardiac Injury and Repair: A Metabolic Perspective. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:631-640. [PMID: 37249739 PMCID: PMC10227821 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent technological advances have identified distinct subpopulations and roles of the cardiac innate immune cells, specifically macrophages and neutrophils. Studies on distinct metabolic pathways of macrophage and neutrophil in cardiac injury are expanding. Here, we elaborate on the roles of cardiac macrophages and neutrophils in concomitance with their metabolism in normal and diseased hearts. RECENT FINDINGS Single-cell techniques combined with fate mapping have identified the clusters of innate immune cell subpopulations present in the resting and diseased hearts. We are beginning to know about the presence of cardiac resident macrophages and their functions. Resident macrophages perform cardiac homeostatic roles, whereas infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages contribute to tissue damage during cardiac injury with eventual role in repair. Prior studies show that metabolic pathways regulate the phenotypes of the macrophages and neutrophils during cardiac injury. Profiling the metabolism of the innate immune cells, especially of resident macrophages during chronic and acute cardiac diseases, can further the understanding of cardiac immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durba Banerjee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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25
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Sun J, Peterson EA, Chen X, Wang J. hapln1a + cells guide coronary growth during heart morphogenesis and regeneration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3505. [PMID: 37311876 PMCID: PMC10264374 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several tissues and chemokines orchestrate coronary formation, the guidance cues for coronary growth remain unclear. Here, we profile the juvenile zebrafish epicardium during coronary vascularization and identify hapln1a+ cells enriched with vascular-regulating genes. hapln1a+ cells not only envelop vessels but also form linear structures ahead of coronary sprouts. Live-imaging demonstrates that coronary growth occurs along these pre-formed structures, with depletion of hapln1a+ cells blocking this growth. hapln1a+ cells also pre-lead coronary sprouts during regeneration and hapln1a+ cell loss inhibits revascularization. Further, we identify serpine1 expression in hapln1a+ cells adjacent to coronary sprouts, and serpine1 inhibition blocks vascularization and revascularization. Moreover, we observe the hapln1a substrate, hyaluronan, forming linear structures along and preceding coronary vessels. Depletion of hapln1a+ cells or serpine1 activity inhibition disrupts hyaluronan structure. Our studies reveal that hapln1a+ cells and serpine1 are required for coronary production by establishing a microenvironment to facilitate guided coronary growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Sun
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Peterson
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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26
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Tsissios G, Sallese A, Perez-Estrada JR, Tangeman JA, Chen W, Smucker B, Ratvasky SC, Grajales-Esquivel E, Martinez A, Visser KJ, Araus AJ, Wang H, Simon A, Yun MH, Rio-Tsonis KD. Macrophages modulate fibrosis during newt lens regeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.04.543633. [PMID: 37333184 PMCID: PMC10274724 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.04.543633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that macrophages play a role during lens regeneration in newts, but their function has not been tested experimentally. Here we generated a transgenic newt reporter line in which macrophages can be visualized in vivo. Using this new tool, we analyzed the location of macrophages during lens regeneration. We uncovered early gene expression changes using bulk RNAseq in two newt species, Notophthalmus viridescens and Pleurodeles waltl. Next, we used clodronate liposomes to deplete macrophages, which inhibited lens regeneration in both newt species. Macrophage depletion induced the formation of scar-like tissue, an increased and sustained inflammatory response, an early decrease in iris pigment epithelial cell (iPEC) proliferation and a late increase in apoptosis. Some of these phenotypes persisted for at least 100 days and could be rescued by exogenous FGF2. Re-injury alleviated the effects of macrophage depletion and re-started the regeneration process. Together, our findings highlight the importance of macrophages in facilitating a pro-regenerative environment in the newt eye, helping to resolve fibrosis, modulating the overall inflammatory landscape and maintaining the proper balance of early proliferation and late apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsissios
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Anthony Sallese
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - J Raul Perez-Estrada
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Jared A Tangeman
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Weihao Chen
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Byran Smucker
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Department of Statistics, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Sophia C Ratvasky
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Erika Grajales-Esquivel
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Arielle Martinez
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly J Visser
- CRTD Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alberto Joven Araus
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hui Wang
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Andras Simon
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maximina H Yun
- CRTD Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katia Del Rio-Tsonis
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
- Cellular Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
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27
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Okamura DM, Nguyen ED, Collins SJ, Yoon K, Gere JB, Weiser-Evans MCM, Beier DR, Majesky MW. Mammalian organ regeneration in spiny mice. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2023; 44:39-52. [PMID: 36131170 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-022-09631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis-driven solid organ failure is a major world-wide health burden with few therapeutic options. Spiny mice (genus: Acomys) are terrestrial mammals that regenerate severe skin wounds without fibrotic scars to evade predators. Recent studies have shown that spiny mice also regenerate acute ischemic and traumatic injuries to kidney, heart, spinal cord, and skeletal muscle. A common feature of this evolved wound healing response is a lack of formation of fibrotic scar tissue that degrades organ function, inhibits regeneration, and leads to organ failure. Complex tissue regeneration is an extremely rare property among mammalian species. In this article, we discuss the evidence that Acomys represents an emerging model organism that offers a unique opportunity for the biomedical community to investigate and clinically translate molecular mechanisms of scarless wound healing and regeneration of organ function in a mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl M Okamura
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, M/S C9S-5, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Nguyen
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, M/S C9S-5, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sarah J Collins
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, M/S C9S-5, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Kevin Yoon
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, M/S C9S-5, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Joshua B Gere
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, M/S C9S-5, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - David R Beier
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, M/S C9S-5, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Mark W Majesky
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, M/S C9S-5, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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28
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Cortada E, Yao J, Xia Y, Dündar F, Zumbo P, Yang B, Rubio-Navarro A, Perder B, Qiu M, Pettinato AM, Homan EA, Stoll L, Betel D, Cao J, Lo JC. Cross-species single-cell comparison of systemic and cardiac inflammatory responses after cardiac injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.15.532865. [PMID: 36993713 PMCID: PMC10055080 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.15.532865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The immune system coordinates the response to cardiac injury and is known to control regenerative and fibrotic scar outcomes in the heart and subsequent chronic low-grade inflammation associated with heart failure. Here we profiled the inflammatory response to heart injury using single cell transcriptomics to compare and contrast two experimental models with disparate outcomes. We used adult mice, which like humans lack the ability to fully recover and zebrafish which spontaneously regenerate after heart injury. The extracardiac reaction to cardiomyocyte necrosis was also interrogated to assess the specific peripheral tissue and immune cell reaction to chronic stress. Cardiac macrophages are known to play a critical role in determining tissue homeostasis by healing versus scarring. We identified distinct transcriptional clusters of monocytes/macrophages in each species and found analogous pairs in zebrafish and mice. However, the reaction to myocardial injury was largely disparate between mice and zebrafish. The dichotomous response to heart damage between the mammalian and zebrafish monocytes/macrophages may underlie the impaired regenerative process in mice, representing a future therapeutic target.
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29
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Rolland L, Jopling C. The multifaceted nature of endogenous cardiac regeneration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1138485. [PMID: 36998973 PMCID: PMC10043193 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1138485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first evidence of cardiac regeneration was observed, almost 50 years ago, more studies have highlighted the endogenous regenerative abilities of several models following cardiac injury. In particular, analysis of cardiac regeneration in zebrafish and neonatal mice has uncovered numerous mechanisms involved in the regenerative process. It is now apparent that cardiac regeneration is not simply achieved by inducing cardiomyocytes to proliferate but requires a multifaceted response involving numerous different cell types, signaling pathways and mechanisms which must all work in harmony in order for regeneration to occur. In this review we will endeavor to highlight a variety of processes that have been identifed as being essential for cardiac regeneration.
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30
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Filosa A, Sawamiphak S. Heart development and regeneration-a multi-organ effort. FEBS J 2023; 290:913-930. [PMID: 34894086 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development of the heart, from early morphogenesis to functional maturation, as well as maintenance of its homeostasis are tasks requiring collaborative efforts of cardiac tissue and different extra-cardiac organ systems. The brain, lymphoid organs, and gut are among the interaction partners that can communicate with the heart through a wide array of paracrine signals acting at local or systemic level. Disturbance of cardiac homeostasis following ischemic injury also needs immediate response from these distant organs. Our hearts replace dead muscles with non-contractile fibrotic scars. We have learned from animal models capable of scarless repair that regenerative capability of the heart does not depend only on competency of the myocardium and cardiac-intrinsic factors but also on long-range molecular signals originating in other parts of the body. Here, we provide an overview of inter-organ signals that take part in development and regeneration of the heart. We highlight recent findings and remaining questions. Finally, we discuss the potential of inter-organ modulatory approaches for possible therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Filosa
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Suphansa Sawamiphak
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
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31
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Sorbini M, Arab S, Soni T, Frisiras A, Mehta S. How can the adult zebrafish and neonatal mice teach us about stimulating cardiac regeneration in the human heart? Regen Med 2023; 18:85-99. [PMID: 36416596 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferative capacity of mammalian cardiomyocytes diminishes shortly after birth. In contrast, adult zebrafish and neonatal mice can regenerate cardiac tissues, highlighting new potential therapeutic avenues. Different factors have been found to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation in zebrafish and neonatal mice; these include maintenance of mononuclear and diploid cardiomyocytes and upregulation of the proto-oncogene c-Myc. The growth factor NRG-1 controls cell proliferation and interacts with the Hippo-Yap pathway to modulate regeneration. Key components of the extracellular matrix such as Agrin are also crucial for cardiac regeneration. Novel therapies explored in this review, include intramyocardial injection of Agrin or zebrafish-ECM and NRG-1 administration. These therapies may induce regeneration in patients and should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Sorbini
- Barts and the London School of Medicien and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AD, London, UK.,Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Sammy Arab
- Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Tara Soni
- Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | | | - Samay Mehta
- Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
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32
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Lam PY. Longitudinal in vivo imaging of adult Danionella cerebrum using standard confocal microscopy. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:283162. [PMID: 36398624 PMCID: PMC9844135 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Danionella cerebrum is a new vertebrate model that offers an exciting opportunity to visualize dynamic biological processes in intact adult animals. Key advantages of this model include its small size, life-long optical transparency, genetic amenability and short generation time. Establishing a reliable method for longitudinal in vivo imaging of adult D. cerebrum while maintaining viability will allow in-depth image-based studies of various processes involved in development, disease onset and progression, wound healing, and aging in an intact live animal. Here, a method for both prolonged and longitudinal confocal live imaging of adult D. cerebrum using custom-designed and 3D-printed imaging chambers is described. Two transgenic D. cerebrum lines were created to test the imaging system, i.e. Tg(mpeg1:dendra2) and Tg(kdrl:mCherry-caax). The first line was used to visualize macrophages and microglia, and the second for spatial registration. By using this approach, differences in immune cell morphology and behavior during homeostasis as well as in response to a stab wound or two-photon-induced brain injury were observed in intact adult fish over the course of several days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Ying Lam
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 53226 Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 53226 Milwaukee, WI, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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33
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Villalobos-Escobedo JM, Martínez-Hernández JP, Pelagio-Flores R, González-De la Rosa PM, Carreras-Villaseñor N, Abreu-Goodger C, Herrera-Estrella AH. Trichoderma atroviride hyphal regeneration and conidiation depend on cell-signaling processes regulated by a microRNA-like RNA. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 36239595 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to respond to injury is essential for the survival of an organism and involves analogous mechanisms in animals and plants. Such mechanisms integrate coordinated genetic and metabolic reprogramming events requiring regulation by small RNAs for adequate healing of the wounded area. We have previously reported that the response to injury of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma atroviride involves molecular mechanisms closely resembling those of plants and animals that lead to the formation of new hyphae (regeneration) and the development of asexual reproduction structures (conidiophores). However, the involvement of microRNAs in this process has not been investigated in fungi. In this work, we explore the participation of microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) molecules by sequencing messenger and small RNAs during the injury response of the WT strain and RNAi mutants. We found that Dcr2 appears to play an important role in hyphal regeneration and is required to produce the majority of sRNAs in T. atroviride. We also determined that the three main milRNAs produced via Dcr2 are induced during the damage-triggered developmental process. Importantly, elimination of a single milRNA phenocopied the main defects observed in the dcr2 mutant. Our results demonstrate the essential role of milRNAs in hyphal regeneration and asexual development by post-transcriptionally regulating cellular signalling processes involving phosphorylation events. These observations allow us to conclude that fungi, like plants and animals, in response to damage activate fine-tuning regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Villalobos-Escobedo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Cinvestav. Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, 36824, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - J Pedro Martínez-Hernández
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Cinvestav. Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, 36824, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - Ramón Pelagio-Flores
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Cinvestav. Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, 36824, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico.,Present address: Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, C.P. 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Pablo M González-De la Rosa
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Cinvestav. Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, 36824, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico.,Present address: Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nohemí Carreras-Villaseñor
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Cinvestav. Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, 36824, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico.,Present address: Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C. C.P. 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Cei Abreu-Goodger
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Cinvestav. Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, 36824, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico.,Present address: Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alfredo H Herrera-Estrella
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Cinvestav. Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, 36824, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico
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Hu B, Lelek S, Spanjaard B, El-Sammak H, Simões MG, Mintcheva J, Aliee H, Schäfer R, Meyer AM, Theis F, Stainier DYR, Panáková D, Junker JP. Origin and function of activated fibroblast states during zebrafish heart regeneration. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1227-1237. [PMID: 35864193 PMCID: PMC7613248 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The adult zebrafish heart has a high capacity for regeneration following injury. However, the composition of the regenerative niche has remained largely elusive. Here, we dissected the diversity of activated cell states in the regenerating zebrafish heart based on single-cell transcriptomics and spatiotemporal analysis. We observed the emergence of several transient cell states with fibroblast characteristics following injury, and we outlined the proregenerative function of collagen-12-expressing fibroblasts. To understand the cascade of events leading to heart regeneration, we determined the origin of these cell states by high-throughput lineage tracing. We found that activated fibroblasts were derived from two separate sources: the epicardium and the endocardium. Mechanistically, we determined Wnt signalling as a regulator of the endocardial fibroblast response. In summary, our work identifies specialized activated fibroblast cell states that contribute to heart regeneration, thereby opening up possible approaches to modulating the regenerative capacity of the vertebrate heart. Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatiotemporal analysis of the regenerating zebrafish heart identify transient proregenerative fibroblast-like cells that are derived from the epicardium and the endocardium. Wnt signalling regulates the endocardial fibroblast response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Lelek
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastiaan Spanjaard
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hadil El-Sammak
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mariana Guedes Simões
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janita Mintcheva
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hananeh Aliee
- Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Ronny Schäfer
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander M Meyer
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Theis
- Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniela Panáková
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jan Philipp Junker
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Berlin, Germany.
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35
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Ross Stewart KM, Walker SL, Baker AH, Riley PR, Brittan M. Hooked on heart regeneration: the zebrafish guide to recovery. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1667-1679. [PMID: 34164652 PMCID: PMC9215194 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While humans lack sufficient capacity to undergo cardiac regeneration following injury, zebrafish can fully recover from a range of cardiac insults. Over the past two decades, our understanding of the complexities of both the independent and co-ordinated injury responses by multiple cardiac tissues during zebrafish heart regeneration has increased exponentially. Although cardiomyocyte regeneration forms the cornerstone of the reparative process in the injured zebrafish heart, recent studies have shown that this is dependent on prior neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis, which in turn require epicardial, endocardial, and inflammatory cell signalling within an extracellular milieu that is optimized for regeneration. Indeed, it is the amalgamation of multiple regenerative systems and gene regulatory patterns that drives the much-heralded success of the adult zebrafish response to cardiac injury. Increasing evidence supports the emerging paradigm that developmental transcriptional programmes are re-activated during adult tissue regeneration, including in the heart, and the zebrafish represents an optimal model organism to explore this concept. In this review, we summarize recent advances from the zebrafish cardiovascular research community with novel insight into the mechanisms associated with endogenous cardiovascular repair and regeneration, which may be of benefit to inform future strategies for patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Ross Stewart
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sophie L Walker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Sherrington Rd, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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36
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Bruton FA, Kaveh A, Ross-Stewart KM, Matrone G, Oremek MEM, Solomonidis EG, Tucker CS, Mullins JJ, Lucas CD, Brittan M, Taylor JM, Rossi AG, Denvir MA. Macrophages trigger cardiomyocyte proliferation by increasing epicardial vegfaa expression during larval zebrafish heart regeneration. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1512-1528.e5. [PMID: 35688158 PMCID: PMC9616726 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac injury leads to the loss of cardiomyocytes, which are rapidly replaced by the proliferation of the surviving cells in zebrafish, but not in mammals. In both the regenerative zebrafish and non-regenerative mammals, cardiac injury induces a sustained macrophage response. Macrophages are required for cardiomyocyte proliferation during zebrafish cardiac regeneration, but the mechanisms whereby macrophages facilitate this crucial process are fundamentally unknown. Using heartbeat-synchronized live imaging, RNA sequencing, and macrophage-null genotypes in the larval zebrafish cardiac injury model, we characterize macrophage function and reveal that these cells activate the epicardium, inducing cardiomyocyte proliferation. Mechanistically, macrophages are specifically recruited to the epicardial-myocardial niche, triggering the expansion of the epicardium, which upregulates vegfaa expression to induce cardiomyocyte proliferation. Our data suggest that epicardial Vegfaa augments a developmental cardiac growth pathway via increased endocardial notch signaling. The identification of this macrophage-dependent mechanism of cardiac regeneration highlights immunomodulation as a potential strategy for enhancing mammalian cardiac repair. Heart regeneration in larval zebrafish is characterized in detail Macrophage ablation blocks cardiomyocyte proliferation after cardiac injury Macrophages synapse with epicardial cells and promote their proliferation Epicardial Vegfaa drives cardiomyocyte proliferation during cardiac regeneration
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Affiliation(s)
- Finnius A Bruton
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Aryan Kaveh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine M Ross-Stewart
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Gianfranco Matrone
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Magdalena E M Oremek
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Emmanouil G Solomonidis
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Carl S Tucker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - John J Mullins
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Christopher D Lucas
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - Adriano G Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Martin A Denvir
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite decades of research, most heart pathologies have limited treatments, and often the only curative approach is heart transplantation. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic approaches for treating cardiac diseases. Animal models that reproduce the human pathophysiology are essential to uncovering the biology of diseases and discovering therapies. Traditionally, mammals have been used as models of cardiac disease, but the cost of generating and maintaining new models is exorbitant, and the studies have very low throughput. In the last decade, the zebrafish has emerged as a tractable model for cardiac diseases, owing to several characteristics that made this animal popular among developmental biologists. Zebrafish fertilization and development are external; embryos can be obtained in high numbers, are cheap and easy to maintain, and can be manipulated to create new genetic models. Moreover, zebrafish exhibit an exceptional ability to regenerate their heart after injury. This review summarizes 25 years of research using the zebrafish to study the heart, from the classical forward screenings to the contemporary methods to model mutations found in patients with cardiac disease. We discuss the advantages and limitations of this model organism and introduce the experimental approaches exploited in zebrafish, including forward and reverse genetics and chemical screenings. Last, we review the models used to induce cardiac injury and essential ideas derived from studying natural regeneration. Studies using zebrafish have the potential to accelerate the discovery of new strategies to treat cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel González-Rosa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
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38
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Suku M, Forrester L, Biggs M, Monaghan MG. Resident Macrophages and Their Potential in Cardiac Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:579-591. [PMID: 34088222 PMCID: PMC9242717 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many facets of tissue engineered models aim at understanding cellular mechanisms to recapitulate in vivo behavior, to study and mimic diseases for drug interventions, and to provide a better understanding toward improving regenerative medicine. Recent and rapid advances in stem cell biology, material science and engineering, have made the generation of complex engineered tissues much more attainable. One such tissue, human myocardium, is extremely intricate, with a number of different cell types. Recent studies have unraveled cardiac resident macrophages as a critical mediator for normal cardiac function. Macrophages within the heart exert phagocytosis and efferocytosis, facilitate electrical conduction, promote regeneration, and remove cardiac exophers to maintain homeostasis. These findings underpin the rationale of introducing macrophages to engineered heart tissue (EHT), to more aptly capitulate in vivo physiology. Despite the lack of studies using cardiac macrophages in vitro, there is enough evidence to accept that they will be key to making EHTs more physiologically relevant. In this review, we explore the rationale and feasibility of using macrophages as an additional cell source in engineered cardiac tissues. Impact statement Macrophages play a critical role in cardiac homeostasis and in disease. Over the past decade, we have come to understand the many vital roles played by cardiac resident macrophages in the heart, including immunosurveillance, regeneration, electrical conduction, and elimination of exophers. There is a need to improve our understanding of the resident macrophage population in the heart in vitro, to better recapitulate the myocardium through tissue engineered models. However, obtaining them in vitro remains a challenge. Here, we discuss the importance of cardiac resident macrophages and potential ways to obtain cardiac resident macrophages in vitro. Finally, we critically discuss their potential in realizing impactful in vitro models of cardiac tissue and their impact in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Suku
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- CURAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lesley Forrester
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Manus Biggs
- CURAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael G. Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- CURAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Advanced Materials for Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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39
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de Sena-Tomás C, Aleman AG, Ford C, Varshney A, Yao D, Harrington JK, Saúde L, Ramialison M, Targoff KL. Activation of Nkx2.5 transcriptional program is required for adult myocardial repair. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2970. [PMID: 35624100 PMCID: PMC9142600 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac developmental network has been associated with myocardial regenerative potential. However, the embryonic signals triggered following injury have yet to be fully elucidated. Nkx2.5 is a key causative transcription factor associated with human congenital heart disease and one of the earliest markers of cardiac progenitors, thus it serves as a promising candidate. Here, we show that cardiac-specific RNA-sequencing studies reveal a disrupted embryonic transcriptional profile in the adult Nkx2.5 loss-of-function myocardium. nkx2.5-/- fish exhibit an impaired ability to recover following ventricular apex amputation with diminished dedifferentiation and proliferation. Complex network analyses illuminate that Nkx2.5 is required to provoke proteolytic pathways necessary for sarcomere disassembly and to mount a proliferative response for cardiomyocyte renewal. Moreover, Nkx2.5 targets embedded in these distinct gene regulatory modules coordinate appropriate, multi-faceted injury responses. Altogether, our findings support a previously unrecognized, Nkx2.5-dependent regenerative circuit that invokes myocardial cell cycle re-entry, proteolysis, and mitochondrial metabolism to ensure effective regeneration in the teleost heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen de Sena-Tomás
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Angelika G Aleman
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Caitlin Ford
- Department of Genetics & Development, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Akriti Varshney
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute & Systems Biology Institute Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Di Yao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jamie K Harrington
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Leonor Saúde
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute & Systems Biology Institute Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute & Department of Peadiatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Kimara L Targoff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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40
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Shimizu Y, Kawasaki T, Deguchi T. Gfap transgenic medaka as a novel reporter line for neural stem cells. Gene X 2022; 820:146213. [PMID: 35104578 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Radial glial cells (RGCs) play an essential role in developing, maintaining, and repairing the central nervous system (CNS). However, a specific reporter line of RGCs is limited in medaka. Glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) is abundant in teleost CNS, including the brain and spinal cord, and is a possible candidate for a marker for RGCs in medaka CNS. We generated a transgenic medaka in which enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression is regulated under putative medaka gfap regulatory elements. We observed EGFP expression in the CNS of live larval and juvenile medaka through the transparent body of the See-through medaka strain. Histological analysis for juvenile and adult Tg(gfap:EGFP) medaka showed that EGFP was expressed in GFAP-positive cells in the telencephalon, optic tectum, retina, and spinal cord. We further found another EGFP expressing cells in the optic tectum and retina. These cells are possibly neuroepithelial-like stem cells, deducing from the distribution of these EGFP-positive cells. We concluded that this reporter line would be valuable in the investigation of neural stem cell function during the development and regeneration of medaka CNS visualizing two types of neural stem cells, RGCs and neuroepithelial-like stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shimizu
- Functional Biomolecular Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka, Japan; DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kawasaki
- Functional Biomolecular Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Deguchi
- Advanced Genome Design Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Osaka, Japan
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41
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Reconstruction of regulatory network predicts transcription factors driving the dynamics of zebrafish heart regeneration. Gene X 2022; 819:146242. [PMID: 35114280 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited regenerative capacity in mammals has serious implications for cardiac tissue damage. Meanwhile, zebrafish has a high regenerative capacity, but the regulation of the heart healing process has yet to be elucidated. The dynamic nature of cardiac regeneration requires consideration of the inherent temporal dimension of this process. Here, we conducted a systematic review to find genes that define the regenerative cell state of the zebrafish heart. We then performed an in silico temporal gene regulatory network analysis using transcriptomic data from the zebrafish heart regenerative process obtained from databases. In this analysis, the genes found in the systematic review were used to represent the final cell state of the transition process from a non-regenerative cell state to a regenerative state. We found 135 transcription factors driving the cellular state transition process during zebrafish cardiac regeneration, including Hand2, Nkx2.5, Tbx20, Fosl1, Fosb, Junb, Vdr, Wt1, and Tcf21 previously reported for playing a key role in tissue regeneration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that most regulators are activated in the first days post-injury, indicating that the transition from a non-regenerative to a regenerative state occurs promptly.
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42
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Abstract
The immune system is fundamental to tissue homeostasis and is the first line of defense following infection, injury or disease. In the damaged heart, large numbers of immune cells are recruited to the site of injury. These cells play an integral part in both repair by scar formation and the initiation of tissue regeneration. They initially assume inflammatory phenotypes, releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and removing dead and dying tissue, before entering a reparative stage, replacing dead muscle tissue with a non-contractile scar. In this Review, we present an overview of the innate and adaptive immune response to heart injury. We explore the kinetics of immune cell mobilization following cardiac injury and how the different innate and adaptive immune cells interact with one another and with the damaged tissue. We draw on key findings from regenerative models, providing insight into how to support a robust immune response permissible for cardiac regeneration. Finally, we consider how the latest technological developments can offer opportunities for a deeper and unbiased functional understanding of the immune response to heart disease, highlighting the importance of such knowledge as the basis for promoting regeneration following cardiac injury in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa C. Simões
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford,Oxford, OxfordshireOX3 9DS, UK
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OxfordshireOX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Paul R. Riley
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OxfordshireOX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OxfordshireOX1 3PT, UK
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43
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El-Sammak H, Yang B, Guenther S, Chen W, Marín-Juez R, Stainier DY. A Vegfc-Emilin2a-Cxcl8a Signaling Axis Required for Zebrafish Cardiac Regeneration. Circ Res 2022; 130:1014-1029. [PMID: 35264012 PMCID: PMC8976759 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic heart disease following the obstruction of coronary vessels leads to the death of cardiac tissue and the formation of a fibrotic scar. In contrast to adult mammals, zebrafish can regenerate their heart after injury, enabling the study of the underlying mechanisms. One of the earliest responses following cardiac injury in adult zebrafish is coronary revascularization. Defects in this process lead to impaired cardiomyocyte repopulation and scarring. Hence, identifying and investigating factors that promote coronary revascularization holds great therapeutic potential. METHODS We used wholemount imaging, immunohistochemistry and histology to assess various aspects of zebrafish cardiac regeneration. Deep transcriptomic analysis allowed us to identify targets and potential effectors of Vegfc (vascular endothelial growth factor C) signaling. We used newly generated loss- and gain-of-function genetic tools to investigate the role of Emilin2a (elastin microfibril interfacer 2a) and Cxcl8a (chemokine (C-X-C) motif ligand 8a)-Cxcr1 (chemokine (C-X-C) motif receptor 1) signaling in cardiac regeneration. RESULTS We first show that regenerating coronary endothelial cells upregulate vegfc upon cardiac injury in adult zebrafish and that Vegfc signaling is required for their proliferation during regeneration. Notably, blocking Vegfc signaling also significantly reduces cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation. Using transcriptomic analyses, we identified emilin2a as a target of Vegfc signaling and found that manipulation of emilin2a expression can modulate coronary revascularization as well as cardiomyocyte proliferation. Mechanistically, Emilin2a induces the expression of the chemokine gene cxcl8a in epicardium-derived cells, while cxcr1, the Cxcl8a receptor gene, is expressed in coronary endothelial cells. We further show that Cxcl8a-Cxcr1 signaling is also required for coronary endothelial cell proliferation during cardiac regeneration. CONCLUSIONS These data show that after cardiac injury, coronary endothelial cells upregulate vegfc to promote coronary network reestablishment and cardiac regeneration. Mechanistically, Vegfc signaling upregulates epicardial emilin2a and cxcl8a expression to promote cardiac regeneration. These studies aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying coronary revascularization in zebrafish, with potential therapeutic implications to enhance revascularization and regeneration in injured human hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadil El-Sammak
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bingyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stefan Guenther
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rubén Marín-Juez
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Current address: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5 Montréal, QC, Canada, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Didier Y.R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
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44
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Garbern JC, Lee RT. Heart regeneration: 20 years of progress and renewed optimism. Dev Cell 2022; 57:424-439. [PMID: 35231426 PMCID: PMC8896288 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, and thus there remains great interest in regenerative approaches to treat heart failure. In the past 20 years, the field of heart regeneration has entered a renaissance period with remarkable progress in the understanding of endogenous heart regeneration, stem cell differentiation for exogenous cell therapy, and cell-delivery methods. In this review, we highlight how this new understanding can lead to viable strategies for human therapy. For the near term, drugs, electrical and mechanical devices, and heart transplantation will remain mainstays of cardiac therapies, but eventually regenerative therapies based on fundamental regenerative biology may offer more permanent solutions for patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C. Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Corresponding author and lead contact: Richard T. Lee, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, Phone: 617-496-5394, Fax: 617-496-8351,
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45
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Peterson EA, Sun J, Wang J. Leukocyte-Mediated Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Infarction in Non-Regenerative vs. Regenerative Systems. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:63. [PMID: 35200716 PMCID: PMC8877434 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive leukocytes rapidly mobilize to ischemic tissues after myocardial infarction in response to damage signals released from necrotic cells. Leukocytes play important roles in cardiac repair and regeneration such as inflammation initiation and resolution; the removal of dead cells and debris; the deposition of the extracellular matrix and granulation tissue; supporting angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte proliferation; and fibrotic scar generation and resolution. By organizing and comparing the present knowledge of leukocyte recruitment and function after cardiac injury in non-regenerative to regenerative systems, we propose that the leukocyte response to cardiac injury differs in non-regenerative adult mammals such as humans and mice in comparison to cardiac regenerative models such as neonatal mice and adult zebrafish. Specifically, extensive neutrophil, macrophage, and T-cell persistence contributes to a lengthy inflammatory period in non-regenerative systems for adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure development, whereas their quick removal supports inflammation resolution in regenerative systems for new contractile tissue formation and coronary revascularization. Surprisingly, other leukocytes have not been examined in regenerative model systems. With this review, we aim to encourage the development of improved immune cell markers and tools in cardiac regenerative models for the identification of new immune targets in non-regenerative systems to develop new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinhu Wang
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.A.P.); (J.S.)
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Sharpe M, González-Rosa JM, Wranitz F, Jeffrey S, Copenhaver K, Burns CG, Burns CE. Ruvbl2 Suppresses Cardiomyocyte Proliferation During Zebrafish Heart Development and Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:800594. [PMID: 35178388 PMCID: PMC8844374 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.800594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte proliferation is an important source of new myocardium during heart development and regeneration. Consequently, mutations in drivers of cardiomyocyte proliferation cause congenital heart disease, and infarcted human hearts scar because cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle postnatally. To boost cardiomyocyte proliferation in either setting, critical regulators must be identified. Through an ENU screen in zebrafish, the liebeskummer (lik) mutant was isolated and described as having elevated cardiomyocyte numbers during embryogenesis. The lik mutation results in a three amino acid insertion into Ruvbl2, a highly conserved ATPase. Because both gain- and loss-of-function properties have been described for ruvbl2lik, it remains unclear whether Ruvbl2 positively or negatively regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation. Here, we demonstrate that Ruvbl2 is a suppressor of cardiomyocyte proliferation during zebrafish heart development and regeneration. First, we confirmed speculation that augmented cardiomyocyte numbers in ruvbl2lik/lik hearts arise by hyperproliferation. To characterize bona fide ruvbl2 null animals, we created a ruvbl2 locus deletion allele (ruvbl2Δ). Like ruvbl2lik/lik mutants, ruvbl2Δ/Δ and compound heterozygote ruvbl2lik/Δ animals display ventricular hyperplasia, demonstrating that lik is a loss of function allele and that ruvbl2 represses cardiomyocyte proliferation. This activity is autonomous because constitutive myocardial overexpression of Ruvbl2 is sufficient to suppress cardiomyocyte proliferation in control hearts and rescue the hyperproliferation observed in ruvbl2Δ/Δ mutant hearts. Lastly, heat-shock inducible overexpression of Ruvbl2 suppresses cardiomyocyte proliferation during heart regeneration and leads to scarring. Together, our data demonstrate that Ruvbl2 functions autonomously as a suppressor of cardiomyocyte proliferation during both zebrafish heart development and adult heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michka Sharpe
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Juan Manuel González-Rosa
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Felicia Wranitz
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Spencer Jeffrey
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Katherine Copenhaver
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - C Geoffrey Burns
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Caroline E Burns
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
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47
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Leigh ND, Currie JD. Re-building limbs, one cell at a time. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:1389-1403. [PMID: 35170828 PMCID: PMC9545806 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
New techniques for visualizing and interrogating single cells hold the key to unlocking the underlying mechanisms of salamander limb regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Leigh
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Joshua D Currie
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, 455 Vine Street, Winston-Salem, USA
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Chowdhury K, Lin S, Lai SL. Comparative Study in Zebrafish and Medaka Unravels the Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.783818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration has been in the spotlight of research for its fascinating nature and potential applications in human diseases. The trait of regenerative capacity occurs diversely across species and tissue contexts, while it seems to decline over evolution. Organisms with variable regenerative capacity are usually distinct in phylogeny, anatomy, and physiology. This phenomenon hinders the feasibility of studying tissue regeneration by directly comparing regenerative with non-regenerative animals, such as zebrafish (Danio rerio) and mice (Mus musculus). Medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a fish model with a complete reference genome and shares a common ancestor with zebrafish approximately 110–200 million years ago (compared to 650 million years with mice). Medaka shares similar features with zebrafish, including size, diet, organ system, gross anatomy, and living environment. However, while zebrafish regenerate almost every organ upon experimental injury, medaka shows uneven regenerative capacity. Their common and distinct biological features make them a unique platform for reciprocal analyses to understand the mechanisms of tissue regeneration. Here we summarize current knowledge about tissue regeneration in these fish models in terms of injured tissues, repairing mechanisms, available materials, and established technologies. We further highlight the concept of inter-species and inter-organ comparisons, which may reveal mechanistic insights and hint at therapeutic strategies for human diseases.
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Riley SE, Feng Y, Hansen CG. Hippo-Yap/Taz signalling in zebrafish regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:9. [PMID: 35087046 PMCID: PMC8795407 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of tissue regeneration varies widely between species. Mammals have a limited regenerative capacity whilst lower vertebrates such as the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a freshwater teleost, can robustly regenerate a range of tissues, including the spinal cord, heart, and fin. The molecular and cellular basis of this altered response is one of intense investigation. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the association between zebrafish regeneration and Hippo pathway function, a phosphorylation cascade that regulates cell proliferation, mechanotransduction, stem cell fate, and tumorigenesis, amongst others. We also compare this function to Hippo pathway activity in the regenerative response of other species. We find that the Hippo pathway effectors Yap/Taz facilitate zebrafish regeneration and that this appears to be latent in mammals, suggesting that therapeutically promoting precise and temporal YAP/TAZ signalling in humans may enhance regeneration and hence reduce morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna E Riley
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yi Feng
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Carsten Gram Hansen
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
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50
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Reuter H, Perner B, Wahl F, Rohde L, Koch P, Groth M, Buder K, Englert C. Aging Activates the Immune System and Alters the Regenerative Capacity in the Zebrafish Heart. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030345. [PMID: 35159152 PMCID: PMC8834511 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated organ failure and degenerative diseases have a major impact on human health. Cardiovascular dysfunction has an increasing prevalence with age and is one of the leading causes of death. In contrast to humans, zebrafish have extraordinary regeneration capacities of complex organs including the heart. In addition, zebrafish has recently become a model organism in research on aging. Here, we have compared the ventricular transcriptome as well as the regenerative capacity after cryoinjury of old and young zebrafish hearts. We identified the immune system as activated in old ventricles and found muscle organization to deteriorate upon aging. Our data show an accumulation of immune cells, mostly macrophages, in the old zebrafish ventricle. Those immune cells not only increased in numbers but also showed morphological and behavioral changes with age. Our data further suggest that the regenerative response to cardiac injury is generally impaired and much more variable in old fish. Collagen in the wound area was already significantly enriched in old fish at 7 days post injury. Taken together, these data indicate an ‘inflammaging’-like process in the zebrafish heart and suggest a change in regenerative response in the old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Reuter
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (H.R.); (B.P.); (F.W.); (L.R.)
| | - Birgit Perner
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (H.R.); (B.P.); (F.W.); (L.R.)
- Core Facility Imaging, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Wahl
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (H.R.); (B.P.); (F.W.); (L.R.)
| | - Luise Rohde
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (H.R.); (B.P.); (F.W.); (L.R.)
| | - Philipp Koch
- Core Facility Life Science Computing, 07735 Jena, Germany;
| | - Marco Groth
- Core Facility DNA Sequencing, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Katrin Buder
- Core Service Histology/Pathology/EM, Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Christoph Englert
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (H.R.); (B.P.); (F.W.); (L.R.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-656042
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