1
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Lin H, Sasaki K, Ferdousi F, Isoda H. Comparison of Neurogenesis Promotion Effects between Cinnamoylquinic Acids in Neural Stem Cells from Adult Mice Brains. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39348888 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) and feruloylquinic acids (FQAs), as cinnamoylquinic acids, have neurogenesis promotion effects. We studied for the first time the neurogenesis-enhancing effect of 3,4,5-tri-feruloylquinic acid (TFQA) compared to 3,4,5-tri-caffeoylquinic acid (TCQA), which has a similar structure, and explored their different cellular and molecular mechanisms in neural stem cells (NSCs) of mice brains. After 2 weeks of incubation, we first assessed the number and size of NSCs in TCQA and TFQA treatments. In NSCs treated for TCQA and TFQA, the NSC proliferation gene expression as well as neuronal and glial cell differentiation gene expressions improved. In the microarray assay, the erythroblastic oncogene B (ErbB) signaling pathway, as the common signaling of TCQA and TFQA treatments, was focused on and discussed. In our study, TCQA and TFQA treatments in NSCs showed a significant performance on improving synapse growth and neurogenesis compared with no treatment of NSCs. The two treatments in NSCs also had a significant activation of the ErbB signaling pathway, protein kinase B (AKT), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinases. In particular, the TCQA-expressed proliferation gene myelocytomatosis oncogene (Myc) had the greatest connections significantly. TFQA treatment remarkably regulated the differentiation gene jun proto-oncogene (Jun), which was the gene with greatest direct relations, while Myc was also induced in TFQA treatment. In the overall quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, TFQA had more outstanding neural proliferation and differentiation capabilities than TCQA in NSCs. Our study suggests that TFQA has greater therapeutic potential in neurogenesis promotion and neurodegenerative diseases compared with TCQA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Lin
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sasaki
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
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2
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Noort RJ, Zhu H, Flemmer RT, Moore CS, Belbin TJ, Esseltine JL. Apically localized PANX1 impacts neuroepithelial expansion in human cerebral organoids. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:22. [PMID: 38212304 PMCID: PMC10784521 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional paracrine signaling through Pannexin 1 (PANX1) channels is linked to several adult neurological pathologies and emerging evidence suggests that PANX1 plays an important role in human brain development. It remains unclear how early PANX1 influences brain development, or how loss of PANX1 alters the developing human brain. Using a cerebral organoid model of early human brain development, we find that PANX1 is expressed at all stages of organoid development from neural induction through to neuroepithelial expansion and maturation. Interestingly, PANX1 cellular distribution and subcellular localization changes dramatically throughout cerebral organoid development. During neural induction, PANX1 becomes concentrated at the apical membrane domain of neural rosettes where it co-localizes with several apical membrane adhesion molecules. During neuroepithelial expansion, PANX1-/- organoids are significantly smaller than control and exhibit significant gene expression changes related to cell adhesion, WNT signaling and non-coding RNAs. As cerebral organoids mature, PANX1 expression is significantly upregulated and is primarily localized to neuronal populations outside of the ventricular-like zones. Ultimately, PANX1 protein can be detected in all layers of a 21-22 post conception week human fetal cerebral cortex. Together, these results show that PANX1 is dynamically expressed by numerous cell types throughout embryonic and early fetal stages of human corticogenesis and loss of PANX1 compromises neuroepithelial expansion due to dysregulation of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, perturbed intracellular signaling, and changes to gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Noort
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, A1B 3V6, NL, Canada
| | - Hanrui Zhu
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, A1B 3V6, NL, Canada
| | - Robert T Flemmer
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, A1B 3V6, NL, Canada
| | - Craig S Moore
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, A1B 3V6, NL, Canada
| | - Thomas J Belbin
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, A1B 3V6, NL, Canada
- Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of sp. Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, A1B 3V6, NL, Canada
| | - Jessica L Esseltine
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, A1B 3V6, NL, Canada.
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3
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van Os BW, Vos WG, Bosmans LA, van Tiel CM, Toom MD, Beckers L, Admiraal M, Hoeksema MA, de Winther MP, Lutgens E. CD40L modulates CD4 + T-cell activation through receptor for activated C kinase 1. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350520. [PMID: 37683186 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the co-stimulatory ligand CD40L has shown beneficial effects in many experimental models of autoimmune disease and inflammation. Here, we show that CD40L deficiency in T cells in mice causes a reduction of CD4+ T-cell activation and specifically a strong reduction in IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells. In vitro, we could not reproduce this antigen presenting cell-dependent effects, but found that T-cell CD40L affects cell death and proliferation. We identified receptor of activated C kinase, the canonical PKC binding partner and known to drive proliferation and apoptosis, as a mediator of CD40L reverse signaling. Furthermore, we found that CD40L clustering stabilizes IFN-γ mediated Th1 polarization through STAT1, a known binding partner of receptor of activated C kinase. Together this highlights the importance of both CD40L forward and reverse signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram W van Os
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Winnie G Vos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura A Bosmans
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia M van Tiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Myrthe den Toom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merel Admiraal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marten A Hoeksema
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Menno P de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Immunity and Infection, Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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4
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Li S, Hannenhalli S, Ovcharenko I. De novo human brain enhancers created by single-nucleotide mutations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd2911. [PMID: 36791193 PMCID: PMC9931207 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Advanced human cognition is attributed to increased neocortex size and complexity, but the underlying evolutionary and regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. Using human and macaque embryonic neocortical H3K27ac data coupled with a deep learning model of enhancers, we identified ~4000 enhancer gains in humans, which, per our model, can often be attributed to single-nucleotide essential mutations. Our analyses suggest that functional gains in embryonic brain development are associated with de novo enhancers whose putative target genes exhibit increased expression in progenitor cells and interneurons and partake in critical neural developmental processes. Essential mutations alter enhancer activity through altered binding of key transcription factors (TFs) of embryonic neocortex, including ISL1, POU3F2, PITX1/2, and several SOX TFs, and are associated with central nervous system disorders. Overall, our results suggest that essential mutations lead to gain of embryonic neocortex enhancers, which orchestrate expression of genes involved in critical developmental processes associated with human cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sridhar Hannenhalli
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ivan Ovcharenko
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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5
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Li L, Yu K, Mo Z, Yang K, Chen F, Yang J. In Vitro Neurotrophic Properties and Structural Characterization of a New Polysaccharide LTC-1 from Pyrola corbieri Levl (Luticao). Molecules 2023; 28:1544. [PMID: 36838533 PMCID: PMC9964326 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrola corbieri Levl has been used to strengthen bones and nourish the kidney (the kidney governs the bone and is beneficial to the brain) by the local Miao people in China. However, the functional components and neurotrophic activity have not been reported. A new acidic homogeneous heteropolysaccharide named LTC-1 was obtained and characterized by periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, partial acid hydrolysis, GC-MS spectrometry, methylation analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and its molecular weight was 3239 Da. The content of mannuronic acid (Man A) in LTC-1 was 46%, and the neutral sugar was composed of L-rhamnose (L-Rha), L-arabinose (L-Ara), D-xylose (D-Xyl), D-mannose (D-Man), D-glucose (D-Glc) and D-galactose (D-Gal) with a molar ratio of 1.00:3.63:0.86:1.30:6.97:1.30. The main chain of LTC-1 was composed of Glc, Gal, Man, Man A and the branched chain Ara, Glc, Gal. The terminal residues were composed of Glc and Gal. The main chain and branched chains were linked by (1→5)-linked-Ara, (1→3)-linked-Glc, (1→4)-linked-Glc, (1→6)-linked-Glc, (1→3)-linked-Gal, (1→6)-linked-Gal, (1→3, 6)-linked-Man and ManA. Meanwhile, neurotrophic activity was evaluated through PC12 and primary hippocampal neuronal cell models. LTC-1 exhibited neurotrophic activity in a concentration-dependent manner, which significantly induced the differentiation of PC12 cells, promoted the neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells, enhanced the formation of the web architecture of dendrites, and increased the density of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons and the expression of PSD-95. These results displayed significant neurotrophic factor-like activity of LTC-1, which suggests that LTC-1 is a potential treatment option for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Kangkang Yu
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | | | - Keling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Fuxue Chen
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Juan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
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6
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Pototskiy E, Vinokuroff K, Ojeda A, Major CK, Sharma D, Anderson T, Howard K, Borenstein R, Musto AE. Downregulation of CD40L-CD40 attenuates seizure susceptibility and severity of seizures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17262. [PMID: 34446808 PMCID: PMC8390750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Unregulated neuro-inflammation mediates seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Our aim was to determine the effect of CD40-CD40L activation in experimental seizures. CD40 deficient mice (CD40KO) and control mice (wild type, WT) received pentenyltetrazole (PTZ) or pilocarpine to evaluate seizures and status epilepticus (SE) respectively. In mice, anti-CD40L antibody was administered intranasally before PTZ. Brain samples from human TLE and post-seizure mice were processed to determine CD40-CD40L expression using histological and molecular techniques. CD40 expression was higher in hippocampus from human TLE and in cortical neurons and hippocampal neural terminals after experimental seizures. CD40-CD40L levels increased after seizures in the hippocampus and in the cortex. After SE, CD40L/CD40 levels increased in cortex and showed an upward trend in the hippocampus. CD40KO mice demonstrated reduction in seizure severity and in latency compared to WT mice. Anti-CD40L antibody limited seizure susceptibility and seizure severity. CD40L-CD40 interaction can serve as a target for an immuno-therapy for TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Pototskiy
- Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 W. Olney Road, Lewis Hall, Office 2174, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA
| | | | - Andrew Ojeda
- Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 W. Olney Road, Lewis Hall, Office 2174, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ronen Borenstein
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA
| | - Alberto E Musto
- Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 W. Olney Road, Lewis Hall, Office 2174, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 W. Olney Road, Lewis Hall, Office 2174, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA.
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7
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Carriba P, Davies AM. Signalling Pathways Mediating the Effects of CD40-Activated CD40L Reverse Signalling on Inhibitory Medium Spiny Neuron Neurite Growth. Cells 2021; 10:829. [PMID: 33917019 PMCID: PMC8067729 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CD40-activated CD40L-mediated reverse signalling is a major physiological regulator of neurite growth from excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the developing central nervous system (CNS). Whereas in excitatory pyramidal neurons, CD40L reverse signalling promotes the growth and elaboration of dendrites and axons, in inhibitory GABAergic striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), it restricts neurite growth and branching. In pyramidal neurons, we previously reported that CD40L reverse signalling activates an interconnected and interdependent signalling network involving protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathways that regulates dendrite and axon growth. Here, we have studied whether these signalling pathways also influence neurite growth from striatal inhibitory MSNs. To unequivocally activate CD40L reverse signalling, we treated MSN cultures from CD40-deficient mice with CD40-Fc. Here, we report that activation of CD40L reverse signalling in these cultures also increased the phosphorylation of PKC, ERK1/2, and JNK. Using pharmacological activators and inhibitors of these signalling pathways singularly and in combination, we have shown that, as in pyramidal neurons, these signalling pathways work in an interconnected and interdependent network to regulate the neurite growth, but their functions, relationships, and interdependencies are different from those observed in pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation studies showed that stimulation of CD40L reverse signalling recruits the catalytic fragment of Syk tyrosine kinase, but in contrast to pyramidal neurons, PKC does not participate in this recruitment. Our findings show that distinctive networks of three signalling pathways mediate the opposite effects of CD40L reverse signalling on neurite growth in excitatory and inhibitory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Carriba
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Alun M Davies
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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8
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Integrative analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies novel loci associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:69. [PMID: 33479212 PMCID: PMC7820351 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BIP), and major depressive disorder (MDD) share common clinical presentations, suggesting etiologic overlap. A substantial proportion of SNP-based heritability for neuropsychiatric disorders is attributable to genetic components, and genome-wide association studies (GWASs) focusing on individual diseases have identified multiple genetic loci shared between these diseases. Here, we aimed at identifying novel genetic loci associated with individual neuropsychiatric diseases and genetic loci shared by neuropsychiatric diseases. We performed multi-trait joint analyses and meta-analysis across five neuropsychiatric disorders based on their summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), and further carried out a replication study of ADHD among 2726 cases and 16299 controls in an independent pediatric cohort. In the multi-trait joint analyses, we found five novel genome-wide significant loci for ADHD, one novel locus for BIP, and ten novel loci for MDD. We further achieved modest replication in our independent pediatric dataset. We conducted fine-mapping and functional annotation through an integrative multi-omics approach and identified causal variants and potential target genes at each novel locus. Gene expression profile and gene-set enrichment analysis further suggested early developmental stage expression pattern and postsynaptic membrane compartment enrichment of candidate genes at the genome-wide significant loci of these neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, through a multi-omics approach, we identified novel genetic loci associated with the five neuropsychiatric disorders which may help to better understand the underlying molecular mechanism of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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9
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Carriba P, Davies AM. CD40L/CD40 bidirectional signaling is a major regulator of neuronal morphology in the developing nervous system. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1539-1541. [PMID: 33433472 PMCID: PMC8323686 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.303025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Carriba
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Alun M Davies
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales,, UK
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10
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Novel genetic features of human and mouse Purkinje cell differentiation defined by comparative transcriptomics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15085-15095. [PMID: 32546527 PMCID: PMC7334519 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative transcriptomics between differentiating human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and developing mouse neurons offers a powerful approach to compare genetic and epigenetic pathways in human and mouse neurons. To analyze human Purkinje cell (PC) differentiation, we optimized a protocol to generate human pluripotent stem cell-derived Purkinje cells (hPSC-PCs) that formed synapses when cultured with mouse cerebellar glia and granule cells and fired large calcium currents, measured with the genetically encoded calcium indicator jRGECO1a. To directly compare global gene expression of hPSC-PCs with developing mouse PCs, we used translating ribosomal affinity purification (TRAP). As a first step, we used Tg(Pcp2-L10a-Egfp) TRAP mice to profile actively transcribed genes in developing postnatal mouse PCs and used metagene projection to identify the most salient patterns of PC gene expression over time. We then created a transgenic Pcp2-L10a-Egfp TRAP hPSC line to profile gene expression in differentiating hPSC-PCs, finding that the key gene expression pathways of differentiated hPSC-PCs most closely matched those of late juvenile mouse PCs (P21). Comparative bioinformatics identified classical PC gene signatures as well as novel mitochondrial and autophagy gene pathways during the differentiation of both mouse and human PCs. In addition, we identified genes expressed in hPSC-PCs but not mouse PCs and confirmed protein expression of a novel human PC gene, CD40LG, expressed in both hPSC-PCs and native human cerebellar tissue. This study therefore provides a direct comparison of hPSC-PC and mouse PC gene expression and a robust method for generating differentiated hPSC-PCs with human-specific gene expression for modeling developmental and degenerative cerebellar disorders.
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11
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Carriba P, Davies AM. How CD40L reverse signaling regulates axon and dendrite growth. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1065-1083. [PMID: 32506167 PMCID: PMC7897621 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CD40-activated CD40L reverse signaling is a major physiological regulator of axon and dendrite growth from developing hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Here we have studied how CD40L-mediated reverse signaling promotes the growth of these processes. Cultures of hippocampal pyramidal neurons were established from Cd40-/- mouse embryos to eliminate endogenous CD40/CD40L signaling, and CD40L reverse signaling was stimulated by a CD40-Fc chimera. CD40L reverse signaling increased phosphorylation and hence activation of proteins in the PKC, ERK, and JNK signaling pathways. Pharmacological activators and inhibitors of these pathways revealed that whereas activation of JNK inhibited growth, activation of PKC and ERK1/ERK2 enhanced growth. Experiments using combinations of pharmacological reagents revealed that these signaling pathways regulate growth by functioning as an interconnected and interdependent network rather than acting in a simple linear sequence. Immunoprecipitation studies suggested that stimulation of CD40L reverse signaling generated a receptor complex comprising CD40L, PKCβ, and the Syk tyrosine kinase. Our studies have begun to elucidate the molecular network and interactions that promote axon and dendrite growth from developing hippocampal neurons following activation of CD40L reverse signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Carriba
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales.
| | - Alun M Davies
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales
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12
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Carriba P, Wyatt S, Davies AM. CD40L Reverse Signaling Influences Dendrite Spine Morphology and Expression of PSD-95 and Rho Small GTPases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:254. [PMID: 32411702 PMCID: PMC7198883 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40-activated CD40L reverse signaling is a major physiological regulator of neural process growth from many kinds of developing neurons. Here we have investigated whether CD40L-reverse signaling also influences dendrite spine number and morphology in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Golgi preparations revealed no differences in the spine density, but because the dendrite arbors of MSNs were larger and branched in Cd40 -/- mice, the total number of spines was greater in Cd40 -/- mice. We also detected more mature spines compared with wild-type littermates. Western blot revealed that MSN cultures from Cd40 -/- mice had significantly less PSD-95 and there were changes in RhoA/B/C and Cdc42. Immunocytochemistry revealed that PSD-95 was clustered in spines in Cd40 -/- neurons compared with more diffuse labeling in Cd40 +/+ neurons. Activation of CD40L-reverse signaling with CD40-Fc prevented the changes observed in Cd40 -/- cultures. Our findings suggest that CD40L-reverse signaling influences dendrite spine morphology and related protein expression and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Carriba
- Neuron Development, Neurosciences Department, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Wyatt
- Neuron Development, Neurosciences Department, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alun M Davies
- Neuron Development, Neurosciences Department, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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13
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Kuhn KD, Edamura K, Bhatia N, Cheng I, Clark SA, Haynes CV, Heffner DL, Kabir F, Velasquez J, Spano AJ, Deppmann CD, Keeler AB. Molecular dissection of TNFR-TNFα bidirectional signaling reveals both cooperative and antagonistic interactions with p75 neurotrophic factor receptor in axon patterning. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 103:103467. [PMID: 32004684 PMCID: PMC7682658 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During neural development, complex organisms rely on progressive and regressive events whereby axons, synapses, and neurons are overproduced followed by selective elimination of a portion of these components. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) together with its cognate receptor (Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1; TNFR1) have been shown to play both regressive (i.e. forward signaling from the receptor) and progressive (i.e. reverse signaling from the ligand) roles in sympathetic neuron development. In contrast, a paralog of TNFR1, p75 neurotrophic factor receptor (p75NTR) promotes mainly regressive developmental events in sympathetic neurons. Here we examine the interplay between these paralogous receptors in the regulation of axon branch elimination and arborization. We confirm previous reports that these TNFR1 family members are individually capable of promoting ligand-dependent suppression of axon growth and branching. Remarkably, p75NTR and TNFR1 physically interact and p75NTR requires TNFR1 for ligand-dependent axon suppression of axon branching but not vice versa. We also find that p75NTR forward signaling and TNFα reverse signaling are functionally antagonistic. Finally, we find that TNFα reverse signaling is necessary for nerve growth factor (NGF) dependent axon growth. Taken together these findings demonstrate several levels of synergistic and antagonistic interactions using very few signaling pathways and that the balance of these synergizing and opposing signals act to ensure proper axon growth and patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Kuhn
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - K Edamura
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - N Bhatia
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - I Cheng
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - S A Clark
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - C V Haynes
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - D L Heffner
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - F Kabir
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - J Velasquez
- Blue Ridge Virtual Governor's School, Palmyra, VA 22963, USA
| | - A J Spano
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - C D Deppmann
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
| | - A B Keeler
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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14
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Calhan OY, Wyatt S, Davies AM. CD40L reverse signaling suppresses prevertebral sympathetic axon growth and tissue innervation. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 79:949-962. [PMID: 32077240 PMCID: PMC7187455 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CD40‐activated CD40L reverse signaling is a major physiological regulator of the growth of neural processes in the developing nervous system. Previous work on superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons of the paravertebral sympathetic chain has shown that CD40L reverse signaling enhances NGF‐promoted axon growth and tissue innervation. Here we show that CD40L reverse signaling has the opposite function in prevertebral ganglion (PVG) sympathetic neurons. During a circumscribed perinatal window of development, PVG neurons cultured from Cd40–/– mice had substantially larger, more exuberant axon arbors in the presence of NGF than PVG neurons cultured from wild‐type mice. Tissues that receive their sympathetic innervation from PVG neurons were markedly hyperinnervated in Cd40–/– mice compared with wild‐type mice. The exuberant axonal growth phenotype of cultured CD40‐deficient perinatal PVG neurons was pared back to wild‐type levels by activating CD40L reverse signaling with a CD40‐Fc chimeric protein, but not by activating CD40 forward signaling with CD40L. The co‐expression of CD40 and CD40L in PVG neurons suggests that these proteins engage in an autocrine signaling loop in these neurons. Our work shows that CD40L reverse signaling is a physiological regulator of NGF‐promoted sympathetic axon growth and tissue innervation with opposite effects in paravertebral and prevertebral neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Wyatt
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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15
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Subauste CS. The CD40-ATP-P2X 7 Receptor Pathway: Cell to Cell Cross-Talk to Promote Inflammation and Programmed Cell Death of Endothelial Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2958. [PMID: 31921199 PMCID: PMC6928124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) functions not only as a neurotransmitter but is also released by non-excitable cells and mediates cell–cell communication involving glia. In pathological conditions, extracellular ATP released by astrocytes may act as a “danger” signal that activates microglia and promotes neuroinflammation. This review summarizes in vitro and in vivo studies that identified CD40 as a novel trigger of ATP release and purinergic-induced inflammation. The use of transgenic mice with expression of CD40 restricted to retinal Müller glia and a model of diabetic retinopathy (a disease where the CD40 pathway is activated) established that CD40 induces release of ATP in Müller glia and triggers in microglia/macrophages purinergic receptor-dependent inflammatory responses that drive the development of retinopathy. The CD40-ATP-P2X7 pathway not only amplifies inflammation but also induces death of retinal endothelial cells, an event key to the development of capillary degeneration and retinal ischemia. Taken together, CD40 expressed in non-hematopoietic cells is sufficient to mediate inflammation and tissue pathology as well as cause death of retinal endothelial cells. This process likely contributes to development of degenerate capillaries, a hallmark of diabetic and ischemic retinopathies. Blockade of signaling pathways downstream of CD40 operative in non-hematopoietic cells may offer a novel means of treating diabetic and ischemic retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos S Subauste
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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16
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Erice C, Kain KC. New insights into microvascular injury to inform enhanced diagnostics and therapeutics for severe malaria. Virulence 2019; 10:1034-1046. [PMID: 31775570 PMCID: PMC6930010 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1696621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe malaria (SM) has high mortality and morbidity rates despite treatment with potent antimalarials. Disease onset and outcome is dependent upon both parasite and host factors. Infected erythrocytes bind to host endothelium contributing to microvascular occlusion and dysregulated inflammatory and immune host responses, resulting in endothelial activation and microvascular damage. This review focuses on the mechanisms of host endothelial and microvascular injury. Only a small percentage of malaria infections (≤1%) progress to SM. Early recognition and treatment of SM can improve outcome, but we lack triage tools to identify SM early in the course of infection. Current point-of-care pathogen-based rapid diagnostic tests do not address this critical barrier. Immune and endothelial activation have been implicated in the pathobiology of SM. We hypothesize that measuring circulating mediators of these pathways at first clinical presentation will enable early triage and treatment of SM. Moreover, that host-based interventions that modulate these pathways will stabilize the microvasculature and improve clinical outcome over that of antimalarial therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Erice
- Sandra-Rotman Centre for Global Health, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin C Kain
- Sandra-Rotman Centre for Global Health, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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17
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Howard L, McWilliams TG, Wyatt S, Davies AM. CD40 forward signalling is a physiological regulator of early sensory axon growth. Development 2019; 146:dev.176495. [PMID: 31488565 PMCID: PMC6765180 DOI: 10.1242/dev.176495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple members of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) regulate the growth and branching of neural processes late in development, when neurons are establishing and refining connections. Here, we present the first evidence that a TNFSF member acts much earlier in development, when axons are growing to their targets. CD40L transiently enhanced axon growth from embryonic mouse DRG neurons cultured at this early stage. Early spinal nerves of embryos lacking the CD40L receptor (Cd40−/− mice) were significantly shorter in vivo than those of Cd40+/+ littermates. CD40L was synthesized in early DRG targets and was co-expressed with CD40 in early DRG neurons. Whereas CD40L enhanced early axon growth independently of neurotrophins, disruption of a CD40L/CD40 autocrine loop impaired early neurotrophin-promoted axon growth. In marked contrast to the widespread regulation of axon and dendrite growth by CD40L reverse signalling later in development, CD40-Fc, which activates reverse signalling, had no effect on early sensory axon growth. These results suggest that CD40 forward signalling is a novel physiological regulator of early axon growth that acts by target-derived and autocrine mechanisms. Summary: CD40L, a novel physiological regulator of early sensory axon growth at the stage when sensory axons are growing to their targets, activates CD40 forward signalling by target-derived and autocrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Howard
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Thomas G McWilliams
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Sean Wyatt
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Alun M Davies
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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18
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Paramo B, Wyatt S, Davies AM. Neuregulin-4 Is Required for the Growth and Elaboration of Striatal Medium Spiny Neuron Dendrites. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:725-734. [PMID: 31225596 PMCID: PMC6640913 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) comprise the vast majority of neurons in the striatum. Changes in the exuberant dendrites of these widely connected neurons are associated with a multitude of neurological conditions and are caused by a variety of recreational and medicinal drugs. However, we have a poor understanding of the physiological regulators of dendrite growth and elaboration of this clinically important population of neurons. Here, we show that MSN dendrites are markedly smaller and less branched in neonatal mice that possess a homozygous null mutation in the neuregulin-4 gene (Nrg4-/-) compared with wild type (Nrg4+/+) littermates. Nrg4-/- mice also had a highly significant reduction in MSN dendrite spine number in neonates and adults. The striking stunted dendrite arbor phenotype of MSNs observed in Nrg4-/- neonates was replicated in MSNs cultured from Nrg4-/- embryos and was completely rescued by soluble recombinant neuregulin-4. MSNs cultured from wild type mice coexpressed NRG4 and its receptor ErbB4. Our findings show that NRG4 is a major novel regulator of dendritic growth and arborization and spine formation in the striatum and suggest that it exerts its effects by an autocrine/paracrine mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Paramo
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sean Wyatt
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alun M Davies
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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19
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Erice C, Calhan OY, Kisiswa L, Wyatt S, Davies AM. Regional Differences in the Contributions of TNF Reverse and Forward Signaling to the Establishment of Sympathetic Innervation. Dev Neurobiol 2019; 79:317-334. [PMID: 31004466 PMCID: PMC6563146 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Members of the TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies acting by both forward and reverse signaling are increasingly recognized as major physiological regulators of axon growth and tissue innervation in development. Studies of the experimentally tractable superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons and their targets have shown that only TNF reverse signaling, not forward signaling, is a physiological regulator of sympathetic innervation. Here, we compared SCG neurons and their targets with prevertebral ganglion (PVG) neurons and their targets. Whereas all SCG targets were markedly hypoinnervated in both TNF-deficient and TNFR1-deficient mice, PVG targets were not hypoinnervated in these mice and one PVG target, the spleen, was significantly hyperinnervated. These in vivo regional differences in innervation density were related to in vitro differences in the responses of SCG and PVG neurons to TNF reverse and forward signaling. Though TNF reverse signaling enhanced SCG axon growth, it did not affect PVG axon growth. Whereas activation of TNF forward signaling in PVG axons inhibited growth, TNF forward signaling could not be activated in SCG axons. These latter differences in the response of SCG and PVG axons to TNF forward signaling were related to TNFR1 expression, whereas PVG axons expressed TNFR1, SCG axons did not. These results show that both TNF reverse and forward signaling are physiological regulators of sympathetic innervation in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Erice
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityMuseum AvenueCardiffCF10 3ATWales
- Present address:
Sandra Rotman Centre for Global HealthUniversity Health Network: Toronto General HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - O. Yipkin Calhan
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityMuseum AvenueCardiffCF10 3ATWales
| | - Lilian Kisiswa
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityMuseum AvenueCardiffCF10 3ATWales
- Present address:
Department of PhysiologyNational University of SingaporeSingapore117597Singapore
| | - Sean Wyatt
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityMuseum AvenueCardiffCF10 3ATWales
| | - Alun M. Davies
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityMuseum AvenueCardiffCF10 3ATWales
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20
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Ziegler D, Strom A, Bönhof GJ, Kannenberg JM, Heier M, Rathmann W, Peters A, Meisinger C, Roden M, Thorand B, Herder C. Deficits in systemic biomarkers of neuroinflammation and growth factors promoting nerve regeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes and polyneuropathy. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019; 7:e000752. [PMID: 31803481 PMCID: PMC6887496 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The determinants and mechanisms contributing to diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) remain unclear. Since neuroinflammation and altered nerve regeneration have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both DSPN and neuropathic pain, we hypothesized that the corresponding biomarkers could be associated with DSPN in general and could have the potential to discriminate between the painful and painless DSPN entities. METHODS In a cross-sectional study using multimarker proximity extension assay technology we assessed 71 serum biomarkers including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, receptors, and others in patients with type 2 diabetes with DSPN (DSPN+) (n=304) or without DSPN (DSPN-) (n=158) and persons with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) without polyneuropathy (n=354). RESULTS After adjustment for multiple testing and sex, age, body mass index, HbA1c, and smoking, the serum levels of 17 biomarkers (four cytokines, five chemokines, four growth factors, two receptors, two miscellaneous) were lower in DSPN+ than in DSPN- and NGT. In DSPN+, six of these biomarkers were associated with peripheral nerve function. The concentrations of 15 other biomarkers differed between NGT and both DSPN+ and DSPN-, but not between DSPN+ and DSPN-. No differences in biomarker levels were found between patients with painful (n=164) and painless DSPN (n=140). CONCLUSIONS Deficits in systemic cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors promoting nerve regeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes are linked to polyneuropathy in general but not specifically to the painful or painless entity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02243475.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ziegler
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Strom
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gidon J Bönhof
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia M Kannenberg
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christina Meisinger
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München am UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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21
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Howard L, Wosnitzka E, Okakpu D, White MA, Wyatt S, Davies AM. TWE-PRIL reverse signalling suppresses sympathetic axon growth and tissue innervation. Development 2018; 145:dev.165936. [PMID: 30337376 PMCID: PMC6262789 DOI: 10.1242/dev.165936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TWE-PRIL is a naturally occurring fusion protein of components of two TNF superfamily members: the extracellular domain of APRIL; and the intracellular and transmembrane domains of TWEAK with no known function. Here, we show that April−/− mice (which lack APRIL and TWE-PRIL) exhibited overgrowth of sympathetic fibres in vivo, and sympathetic neurons cultured from these mice had significantly longer axons than neurons cultured from wild-type littermates. Enhanced axon growth from sympathetic neurons cultured from April−/− mice was prevented by expressing full-length TWE-PRIL in these neurons but not by treating them with soluble APRIL. Soluble APRIL, however, enhanced axon growth from the sympathetic neurons of wild-type mice. siRNA knockdown of TWE-PRIL but not siRNA knockdown of APRIL alone also enhanced axon growth from wild-type sympathetic neurons. Our work reveals the first and physiologically relevant role for TWE-PRIL and suggests that it mediates reverse signalling. Summary:In vivo and in vitro studies of superior cervical ganglion neurons of April−/− mice reveal that TWE-PRIL is a physiological regulator of NGF-promoted sympathetic axon growth, acting as a reverse signalling receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Howard
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Erin Wosnitzka
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Darian Okakpu
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Matthew A White
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Sean Wyatt
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Alun M Davies
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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22
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Aarts SABM, Seijkens TTP, van Dorst KJF, Dijkstra CD, Kooij G, Lutgens E. The CD40-CD40L Dyad in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1791. [PMID: 29312317 PMCID: PMC5732943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD40-CD40L dyad is an immune checkpoint regulator that promotes both innate and adaptive immune responses and has therefore an essential role in the development of inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, CD40 and CD40L are expressed on immune cells present in blood and lymphoid organs, affected resident central nervous system (CNS) cells, and inflammatory cells that have infiltrated the CNS. CD40-CD40L interactions fuel the inflammatory response underlying MS, and both genetic deficiency and antibody-mediated inhibition of the CD40-CD40L dyad reduce disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Both proteins are therefore attractive therapeutic candidates to modulate aberrant inflammatory responses in MS. Here, we discuss the genetic, experimental and clinical studies on the role of CD40 and CD40L interactions in EAE and MS and we explore novel approaches to therapeutically target this dyad to combat neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A. B. M. Aarts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom T. P. Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christine D. Dijkstra
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
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