1
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Sumiyoshi R, Yamagishi M, Furuta A, Nishizaka T, Furuta K, Cross RA, Yajima J. Tether-scanning the kinesin motor domain reveals a core mechanical action. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2403739121. [PMID: 39012822 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403739121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural kinesin motors are tethered to their cargoes via short C-terminal or N-terminal linkers, whose docking against the core motor domain generates directional force. It remains unclear whether linker docking is the only process contributing directional force or whether linker docking is coupled to and amplifies an underlying, more fundamental force-generating mechanical cycle of the kinesin motor domain. Here, we show that kinesin motor domains tethered via double-stranded DNAs (dsDNAs) attached to surface loops drive robust microtubule (MT) gliding. Tethering using dsDNA attached to surface loops disconnects the C-terminal neck-linker and the N-terminal cover strand so that their dock-undock cycle cannot exert force. The most effective attachment positions for the dsDNA tether are loop 2 or loop 10, which lie closest to the MT plus and minus ends, respectively. In three cases, we observed minus-end-directed motility. Our findings demonstrate an underlying, potentially ancient, force-generating core mechanical action of the kinesin motor domain, which drives, and is amplified by, linker docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Sumiyoshi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yamagishi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Akane Furuta
- Kobe Frontier Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2492, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nishizaka
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Ken'ya Furuta
- Kobe Frontier Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2492, Japan
| | - Robert A Cross
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Junichiro Yajima
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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2
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Adams JM, Sawe C, Rogers S, Reid J, Dasari R, Engelke MF. Characterization of the disease-causing mechanism of KIF3B mutations from ciliopathy patients. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1327963. [PMID: 38665936 PMCID: PMC11043552 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1327963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The heterodimeric kinesin-2 motor (KIF3A/KIF3B with accessory protein KAP3) drives intraflagellar transport, essential for ciliogenesis and ciliary function. Three point mutations in the KIF3B subunit have recently been linked to disease in humans (E250Q and L523P) and Bengal cats (A334T) (Cogné et al., Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2020, 106, 893-904). Patients display retinal atrophy and, in some cases, other ciliopathy phenotypes. However, the molecular mechanism leading to disease is currently unknown. Here, we used Kif3a -/- ;Kif3b -/- (knockout) 3T3 cells, which cannot make cilia, to characterize these mutations. While reexpression of KIF3B(E250Q) and KIF3B(L523P) did not rescue ciliogenesis, reexpression of wildtype or KIF3B(A334T) restored ciliogenesis to wildtype levels. Fluorescent tagging revealed that the E250Q mutant decorated microtubules and thus is a rigor mutation. The L523P mutation, in the alpha-helical stalk domain, surprisingly did not affect formation of the KIF3A/KIF3B/KAP3 complex but instead impaired motility along microtubules. Lastly, expression of the A334T motor was reduced in comparison to all other motors, and this motor displayed an impaired ability to disperse the Golgi complex when artificially linked to this high-load cargo. In summary, this work uses cell-based assays to elucidate the molecular effects of disease-causing mutations in the KIF3B subunit on the kinesin-2 holoenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin F. Engelke
- School of Biological Sciences, Cell Physiology, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States
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3
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Singh SK, Siegler N, Pandey H, Yanir N, Popov M, Goldstein-Levitin A, Sadan M, Debs G, Zarivach R, Frank GA, Kass I, Sindelar CV, Zalk R, Gheber L. Noncanonical interaction with microtubules via the N-terminal nonmotor domain is critical for the functions of a bidirectional kinesin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi1367. [PMID: 38324691 PMCID: PMC10849588 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Several kinesin-5 motors (kinesin-5s) exhibit bidirectional motility. The mechanism of such motility remains unknown. Bidirectional kinesin-5s share a long N-terminal nonmotor domain (NTnmd), absent in exclusively plus-end-directed kinesins. Here, we combined in vivo, in vitro, and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) studies to examine the impact of NTnmd mutations on the motor functions of the bidirectional kinesin-5, Cin8. We found that NTnmd deletion mutants exhibited cell viability and spindle localization defects. Using cryo-EM, we examined the structure of a microtubule (MT)-bound motor domain of Cin8, containing part of its NTnmd. Modeling and molecular dynamic simulations based on the cryo-EM map suggested that the NTnmd of Cin8 interacts with the C-terminal tail of β-tubulin. In vitro experiments on subtilisin-treated MTs confirmed this notion. Last, we showed that NTnmd mutants are defective in plus-end-directed motility in single-molecule and antiparallel MT sliding assays. These findings demonstrate that the NTnmd, common to bidirectional kinesin-5s, is critical for their bidirectional motility and intracellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir K. Singh
- 1Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Nurit Siegler
- 1Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Himanshu Pandey
- 1Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Neta Yanir
- 1Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Mary Popov
- 1Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | | | - Mayan Sadan
- 1Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Garrett Debs
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Raz Zarivach
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Gabriel A. Frank
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Itamar Kass
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Charles V. Sindelar
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ran Zalk
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Larisa Gheber
- 1Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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4
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Ranaivoson FM, Crozet V, Benoit MPMH, Abdalla Mohammed Khalid A, Kikuti C, Sirkia H, El Marjou A, Miserey-Lenkei S, Asenjo AB, Sosa H, Schmidt CF, Rosenfeld SS, Houdusse A. Nucleotide-free structures of KIF20A illuminate atypical mechanochemistry in this kinesin-6. Open Biol 2023; 13:230122. [PMID: 37726093 PMCID: PMC10508983 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
KIF20A is a critical kinesin for cell division and a promising anti-cancer drug target. The mechanisms underlying its cellular roles remain elusive. Interestingly, unusual coupling between the nucleotide- and microtubule-binding sites of this kinesin-6 has been reported, but little is known about how its divergent sequence leads to atypical motility properties. We present here the first high-resolution structure of its motor domain that delineates the highly unusual structural features of this motor, including a long L6 insertion that integrates into the core of the motor domain and that drastically affects allostery and ATPase activity. Together with the high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy microtubule-bound KIF20A structure that reveals the microtubule-binding interface, we dissect the peculiarities of the KIF20A sequence that influence its mechanochemistry, leading to low motility compared to other kinesins. Structural and functional insights from the KIF20A pre-power stroke conformation highlight the role of extended insertions in shaping the motor's mechanochemical cycle. Essential for force production and processivity is the length of the neck linker in kinesins. We highlight here the role of the sequence preceding the neck linker in controlling its backward docking and show that a neck linker four times longer than that in kinesin-1 is required for the activity of this motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanomezana Moutse Ranaivoson
- Structural Motility, CNRS UMR144, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Crozet
- Structural Motility, CNRS UMR144, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, 75248 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Carlos Kikuti
- Structural Motility, CNRS UMR144, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Helena Sirkia
- Structural Motility, CNRS UMR144, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Ahmed El Marjou
- Structural Motility, CNRS UMR144, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Miserey-Lenkei
- Structural Motility, CNRS UMR144, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Ana B. Asenjo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Hernando Sosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Christoph F. Schmidt
- Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, Georg August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Physics and Soft Matter Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, CNRS UMR144, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, 75248 Paris, France
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5
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Effect of the Neck Linker on Processive Stepping of Kinesin Motor. BIOPHYSICA 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/biophysica3010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Kinesin motor protein, which is composed of two catalytic domains connected together by a long coiled-coil stalk via two flexible neck linkers (NLs), can step processively on a microtubule towards the plus end by hydrolyzing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules. To understand what the role is that the NL plays in the processive stepping, the dynamics of the kinesin motor are studied theoretically here by considering the mutation or deletion of an N-terminal cover strand that contributes to the docking of the NL in kinesin-1, the extension of the NL in kinesin-1, the mutation of the NL in kinesin-1, the swapping of the NL of kinesin-2 with that of kinesin-1, the joining of the stalk and neck of Ncd that moves towards the minus end of MT to the catalytic domain of kinesin-1, the replacement of catalytic domain of kinesin-1 with that of Ncd, and so on. The theoretical results give a consistent and quantitative explanation of various available experimental results about the effects of these mutations on motor dynamics and, moreover, provide predicted results. Additionally, the processive motility of kinesin-6 MKLP2 without NL docking is also explained. The available experimental data about the effect of NL mutations on the dynamics of the bi-directional kinesin-5 Cin8 are also explained. The studies are critically implicative to the mechanism of the stepping of the kinesin motor.
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6
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Zhang C, Guo C, Russell RW, Quinn CM, Li M, Williams JC, Gronenborn AM, Polenova T. Magic-angle-spinning NMR structure of the kinesin-1 motor domain assembled with microtubules reveals the elusive neck linker orientation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6795. [PMID: 36357375 PMCID: PMC9649657 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) and their associated proteins play essential roles in maintaining cell structure, organelle transport, cell motility, and cell division. Two motors, kinesin and cytoplasmic dynein link the MT network to transported cargos using ATP for force generation. Here, we report an all-atom NMR structure of nucleotide-free kinesin-1 motor domain (apo-KIF5B) in complex with paclitaxel-stabilized microtubules using magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. The structure reveals the position and orientation of the functionally important neck linker and how ADP induces structural and dynamic changes that ensue in the neck linker. These results demonstrate that the neck linker is in the undocked conformation and oriented in the direction opposite to the KIF5B movement. Chemical shift perturbations and intensity changes indicate that a significant portion of ADP-KIF5B is in the neck linker docked state. This study also highlights the unique capability of MAS NMR to provide atomic-level information on dynamic regions of biological assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunting Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Changmiao Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Ryan W Russell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Caitlin M Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - John C Williams
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Angela M Gronenborn
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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7
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Poulos A, Budaitis BG, Verhey KJ. Single-motor and multi-motor motility properties of kinesin-6 family members. Biol Open 2022; 11:276958. [PMID: 36178151 PMCID: PMC9581516 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin motor proteins are responsible for orchestrating a variety of microtubule-based processes including intracellular transport, cell division, cytoskeletal organization, and cilium function. Members of the kinesin-6 family play critical roles in anaphase and cytokinesis during cell division as well as in cargo transport and microtubule organization during interphase, however little is known about their motility properties. We find that truncated versions of MKLP1 (HsKIF23), MKLP2 (HsKIF20A), and HsKIF20B largely interact statically with microtubules as single molecules but can also undergo slow, processive motility, most prominently for MKLP2. In multi-motor assays, all kinesin-6 proteins were able to drive microtubule gliding and MKLP1 and KIF20B were also able to drive robust transport of both peroxisomes, a low-load cargo, and Golgi, a high-load cargo, in cells. In contrast, MKLP2 showed minimal transport of peroxisomes and was unable to drive Golgi dispersion. These results indicate that the three mammalian kinesin-6 motor proteins can undergo processive motility but differ in their ability to generate forces needed to drive cargo transport and microtubule organization in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Poulos
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Breane G. Budaitis
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Kristen J. Verhey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Authors for correspondence (; )
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8
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Anchoring geometry is a significant factor in determining the direction of kinesin-14 motility on microtubules. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15417. [PMID: 36104376 PMCID: PMC9474454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-14 microtubule-based motors have an N-terminal tail attaching the catalytic core to its load and usually move towards microtubule minus ends, whilst most other kinesins have a C-terminal tail and move towards plus ends. Loss of conserved sequences external to the motor domain causes kinesin-14 to switch to plus-end motility, showing that an N-terminal attachment is compatible with plus-end motility. However, there has been no systematic study on the role of attachment position in minus-end motility. We therefore examined the motility of monomeric kinesin-14s differing only in their attachment point. We find that a C-terminal attachment point causes kinesin-14s to become plus-end-directed, with microtubule corkscrewing rotation direction and pitch in motility assays similar to that of kinesin-1, suggesting that both C-kinesin kinesins-14 and N-kinesin kinesin-1 share a highly conserved catalytic core function with an intrinsic plus-end bias. Thus, an N-terminal attachment is one of the requirements for minus-end motility in kinesin-14.
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9
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Budaitis BG, Badieyan S, Yue Y, Blasius TL, Reinemann DN, Lang MJ, Cianfrocco MA, Verhey KJ. A kinesin-1 variant reveals motor-induced microtubule damage in cells. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2416-2429.e6. [PMID: 35504282 PMCID: PMC9993403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kinesins drive the transport of cellular cargoes as they walk along microtubule tracks; however, recent work has suggested that the physical act of kinesins walking along microtubules can stress the microtubule lattice. Here, we describe a kinesin-1 KIF5C mutant with an increased ability to generate damage sites in the microtubule lattice as compared with the wild-type motor. The expression of the mutant motor in cultured cells resulted in microtubule breakage and fragmentation, suggesting that kinesin-1 variants with increased damage activity would have been selected against during evolution. The increased ability to damage microtubules is not due to the enhanced motility properties of the mutant motor, as the expression of the kinesin-3 motor KIF1A, which has similar single-motor motility properties, also caused increased microtubule pausing, bending, and buckling but not breakage. In cells, motor-induced microtubule breakage could not be prevented by increased α-tubulin K40 acetylation, a post-translational modification known to increase microtubule flexibility. In vitro, lattice damage induced by wild-type KIF5C was repaired by soluble tubulin and resulted in increased rescues and overall microtubule growth, whereas lattice damage induced by the KIF5C mutant resulted in larger repair sites that made the microtubule vulnerable to breakage and fragmentation when under mechanical stress. These results demonstrate that kinesin-1 motility causes defects in and damage to the microtubule lattice in cells. While cells have the capacity to repair lattice damage, conditions that exceed this capacity result in microtubule breakage and fragmentation and may contribute to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breane G Budaitis
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Somayesadat Badieyan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yang Yue
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - T Lynne Blasius
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dana N Reinemann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Matthew J Lang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Michael A Cianfrocco
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kristen J Verhey
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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10
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Morikawa M, Jerath NU, Ogawa T, Morikawa M, Tanaka Y, Shy ME, Zuchner S, Hirokawa N. A neuropathy-associated kinesin KIF1A mutation hyper-stabilizes the motor-neck interaction during the ATPase cycle. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108899. [PMID: 35132656 PMCID: PMC8886545 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanochemical coupling of ATPase hydrolysis and conformational dynamics in kinesin motors facilitates intramolecular interaction cycles between the kinesin motor and neck domains, which are essential for microtubule-based motility. Here, we characterized a charge-inverting KIF1A-E239K mutant that we identified in a family with axonal-type Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and also in 24 cases in human neuropathies including spastic paraplegia and hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy. We show that Glu239 in the β7 strand is a key residue of the motor domain that regulates the motor-neck interaction. Expression of the KIF1A-E239K mutation has decreased ability to complement Kif1a+/- neurons, and significantly decreases ATPase activity and microtubule gliding velocity. X-ray crystallography shows that this mutation causes an excess positive charge on β7, which may electrostatically interact with a negative charge on the neck. Quantitative mass spectrometric analysis supports that the mutation hyper-stabilizes the motor-neck interaction at the late ATP hydrolysis stage. Thus, the negative charge of Glu239 dynamically regulates the kinesin motor-neck interaction, promoting release of the neck from the motor domain upon ATP hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manatsu Morikawa
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Nivedita U Jerath
- Department of NeurologyCarver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA,Neuromuscular DivisionAdventHealth OrlandoWinter ParkFLUSA
| | - Tadayuki Ogawa
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan,Research Center for Advanced Medical ScienceDokkyo Medical UniversityMibuJapan
| | - Momo Morikawa
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan,Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of NeurologyCarver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human GenomicsMiller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA
| | - Nobutaka Hirokawa
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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11
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Jijumon AS, Bodakuntla S, Genova M, Bangera M, Sackett V, Besse L, Maksut F, Henriot V, Magiera MM, Sirajuddin M, Janke C. Lysate-based pipeline to characterize microtubule-associated proteins uncovers unique microtubule behaviours. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:253-267. [PMID: 35102268 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule cytoskeleton forms complex macromolecular assemblies with a range of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) that have fundamental roles in cell architecture, division and motility. Determining how an individual MAP modulates microtubule behaviour is an important step in understanding the physiological roles of various microtubule assemblies. To characterize how MAPs control microtubule properties and functions, we developed an approach allowing for medium-throughput analyses of MAPs in cell-free conditions using lysates of mammalian cells. Our pipeline allows for quantitative as well as ultrastructural analyses of microtubule-MAP assemblies. Analysing 45 bona fide and potential mammalian MAPs, we uncovered previously unknown activities that lead to distinct and unique microtubule behaviours such as microtubule coiling or hook formation, or liquid-liquid phase separation along the microtubule lattice that initiates microtubule branching. We have thus established a powerful tool for a thorough characterization of a wide range of MAPs and MAP variants, thus opening avenues for the determination of mechanisms underlying their physiological roles and pathological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Jijumon
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Satish Bodakuntla
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Mariya Genova
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Mamata Bangera
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
| | - Violet Sackett
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laetitia Besse
- Institut Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Imagerie Multimodale INSERM US43, CNRS UMS2016, Orsay, France
| | - Fatlinda Maksut
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Veronique Henriot
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Maria M Magiera
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | | | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France.
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12
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Solon AL, Tan Z, Schutt KL, Jepsen L, Haynes SE, Nesvizhskii AI, Sept D, Stumpff J, Ohi R, Cianfrocco MA. Kinesin-binding protein remodels the kinesin motor to prevent microtubule binding. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj9812. [PMID: 34797717 PMCID: PMC8604404 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Kinesins are regulated in space and time to ensure activation only in the presence of cargo. Kinesin-binding protein (KIFBP), which is mutated in Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome, binds to and inhibits the catalytic motor heads of 8 of 45 kinesin superfamily members, but the mechanism remains poorly defined. Here, we used cryo–electron microscopy and cross-linking mass spectrometry to determine high-resolution structures of KIFBP alone and in complex with two mitotic kinesins, revealing structural remodeling of kinesin by KIFBP. We find that KIFBP remodels kinesin motors and blocks microtubule binding (i) via allosteric changes to kinesin and (ii) by sterically blocking access to the microtubule. We identified two regions of KIFBP necessary for kinesin binding and cellular regulation during mitosis. Together, this work further elucidates the molecular mechanism of KIFBP-mediated kinesin inhibition and supports a model in which structural rearrangement of kinesin motor domains by KIFBP abrogates motor protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L. Solon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhenyu Tan
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine L. Schutt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lauren Jepsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah E. Haynes
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexey I. Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David Sept
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Ryoma Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael A. Cianfrocco
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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13
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Goldstein-Levitin A, Pandey H, Allhuzaeel K, Kass I, Gheber L. Intracellular functions and motile properties of bi-directional kinesin-5 Cin8 are regulated by neck linker docking. eLife 2021; 10:71036. [PMID: 34387192 PMCID: PMC8456603 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed intracellular functions and motile properties of neck-linker (NL) variants of the bi-directional S. cerevisiae kinesin-5 motor, Cin8. We also examined – by modeling – the configuration of H-bonds during NL docking. Decreasing the number of stabilizing H-bonds resulted in partially functional variants, as long as a conserved backbone H-bond at the N-latch position (proposed to stabilize the docked conformation of the NL) remained intact. Elimination of this conserved H-bond resulted in production of a non-functional Cin8 variant. Surprisingly, additional H-bond stabilization of the N-latch position, generated by replacement of the NL of Cin8 by sequences of the plus-end directed kinesin-5 Eg5, also produced a nonfunctional variant. In that variant, a single replacement of N-latch asparagine with glycine, as present in Cin8, eliminated the additional H-bond stabilization and rescued the functional defects. We conclude that exact N-latch stabilization during NL docking is critical for the function of bi-directional kinesin-5 Cin8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Himanshu Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Kanary Allhuzaeel
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Itamar Kass
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,InterX LTD, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Larisa Gheber
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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14
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Benoit MP, Asenjo AB, Paydar M, Dhakal S, Kwok BH, Sosa H. Structural basis of mechano-chemical coupling by the mitotic kinesin KIF14. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3637. [PMID: 34131133 PMCID: PMC8206134 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
KIF14 is a mitotic kinesin whose malfunction is associated with cerebral and renal developmental defects and several cancers. Like other kinesins, KIF14 couples ATP hydrolysis and microtubule binding to the generation of mechanical work, but the coupling mechanism between these processes is still not fully clear. Here we report 20 high-resolution (2.7-3.9 Å) cryo-electron microscopy KIF14-microtubule structures with complementary functional assays. Analysis procedures were implemented to separate coexisting conformations of microtubule-bound monomeric and dimeric KIF14 constructs. The data provide a comprehensive view of the microtubule and nucleotide induced KIF14 conformational changes. It shows that: 1) microtubule binding, the nucleotide species, and the neck-linker domain govern the transition between three major conformations of the motor domain; 2) an undocked neck-linker prevents the nucleotide-binding pocket to fully close and dampens ATP hydrolysis; 3) 13 neck-linker residues are required to assume a stable docked conformation; 4) the neck-linker position controls the hydrolysis rather than the nucleotide binding step; 5) the two motor domains of KIF14 dimers adopt distinct conformations when bound to the microtubule; and 6) the formation of the two-heads-bound-state introduces structural changes in both motor domains of KIF14 dimers. These observations provide the structural basis for a coordinated chemo-mechanical kinesin translocation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu P.M.H. Benoit
- grid.251993.50000000121791997Department Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Ana B. Asenjo
- grid.251993.50000000121791997Department Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Mohammadjavad Paydar
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Sabin Dhakal
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Benjamin H. Kwok
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Hernando Sosa
- grid.251993.50000000121791997Department Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY USA
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15
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Abstract
Septins are an integral component of the cytoskeleton, assembling into higher-order oligomers and filamentous polymers that associate with actin filaments, microtubules and membranes. Here, we review septin interactions with actin and microtubules, and septin-mediated regulation of the organization and dynamics of these cytoskeletal networks, which is critical for cellular morphogenesis. We discuss how actomyosin-associated septins function in cytokinesis, cell migration and host defense against pathogens. We highlight newly emerged roles of septins at the interface of microtubules and membranes with molecular motors, which point to a 'septin code' for the regulation of membrane traffic. Additionally, we revisit the functions of microtubule-associated septins in mitosis and meiosis. In sum, septins comprise a unique module of cytoskeletal regulators that are spatially and functionally specialized and have properties of bona fide actin-binding and microtubule-associated proteins. With many questions still outstanding, the study of septins will continue to provide new insights into fundamental problems of cytoskeletal organization and function.
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16
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Varela PF, Chenon M, Velours C, Verhey KJ, Ménétrey J, Gigant B. Structural snapshots of the kinesin-2 OSM-3 along its nucleotide cycle: implications for the ATP hydrolysis mechanism. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:564-577. [PMID: 33513284 PMCID: PMC7931232 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile kinesins are motor proteins that translocate along microtubules as they hydrolyze ATP. They share a conserved motor domain which harbors both ATPase and microtubule-binding activities. An ATP hydrolysis mechanism involving two water molecules has been proposed based on the structure of the kinesin-5 Eg5 bound to an ATP analog. Whether this mechanism is general in the kinesin superfamily remains uncertain. Here, we present structural snapshots of the motor domain of OSM-3 along its nucleotide cycle. OSM-3 belongs to the homodimeric kinesin-2 subfamily and is the Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of human KIF17. OSM-3 bound to ADP or devoid of a nucleotide shows features of ADP-kinesins with a docked neck linker. When bound to an ATP analog, OSM-3 adopts a conformation similar to those of several ATP-like kinesins, either isolated or bound to tubulin. Moreover, the OSM-3 nucleotide-binding site is virtually identical to that of ATP-like Eg5, demonstrating a shared ATPase mechanism. Therefore, our data extend to kinesin-2 the two-water ATP hydrolysis mechanism and further suggest that it is universal within the kinesin superfamily. PROTEIN DATABASE ENTRIES: 7A3Z, 7A40, 7A5E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma F Varela
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mélanie Chenon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Velours
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kristen J Verhey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie Ménétrey
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Benoît Gigant
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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17
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Budaitis BG, Jariwala S, Rao L, Yue Y, Sept D, Verhey KJ, Gennerich A. Pathogenic mutations in the kinesin-3 motor KIF1A diminish force generation and movement through allosteric mechanisms. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211720. [PMID: 33496723 PMCID: PMC7844421 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202004227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinesin-3 motor KIF1A functions in neurons, where its fast and superprocessive motility facilitates long-distance transport, but little is known about its force-generating properties. Using optical tweezers, we demonstrate that KIF1A stalls at an opposing load of ~3 pN but more frequently detaches at lower forces. KIF1A rapidly reattaches to the microtubule to resume motion due to its class-specific K-loop, resulting in a unique clustering of force generation events. To test the importance of neck linker docking in KIF1A force generation, we introduced mutations linked to human neurodevelopmental disorders. Molecular dynamics simulations predict that V8M and Y89D mutations impair neck linker docking. Indeed, both mutations dramatically reduce the force generation of KIF1A but not the motor’s ability to rapidly reattach to the microtubule. Although both mutations relieve autoinhibition of the full-length motor, the mutant motors display decreased velocities, run lengths, and landing rates and delayed cargo transport in cells. These results advance our understanding of how mutations in KIF1A can manifest in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breane G Budaitis
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Shashank Jariwala
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lu Rao
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Yang Yue
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - David Sept
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kristen J Verhey
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Arne Gennerich
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
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18
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Zaniewski TM, Gicking AM, Fricks J, Hancock WO. A kinetic dissection of the fast and superprocessive kinesin-3 KIF1A reveals a predominant one-head-bound state during its chemomechanical cycle. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17889-17903. [PMID: 33082143 PMCID: PMC7939386 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinesin-3 family contains the fastest and most processive motors of the three neuronal transport kinesin families, yet the sequence of states and rates of kinetic transitions that comprise the chemomechanical cycle and give rise to their unique properties are poorly understood. We used stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy and single-molecule motility assays to delineate the chemomechanical cycle of the kinesin-3, KIF1A. Our bacterially expressed KIF1A construct, dimerized via a kinesin-1 coiled-coil, exhibits fast velocity and superprocessivity behavior similar to WT KIF1A. We established that the KIF1A forward step is triggered by hydrolysis of ATP and not by ATP binding, meaning that KIF1A follows the same chemomechanical cycle as established for kinesin-1 and -2. The ATP-triggered half-site release rate of KIF1A was similar to the stepping rate, indicating that during stepping, rear-head detachment is an order of magnitude faster than in kinesin-1 and kinesin-2. Thus, KIF1A spends the majority of its hydrolysis cycle in a one-head-bound state. Both the ADP off-rate and the ATP on-rate at physiological ATP concentration were fast, eliminating these steps as possible rate-limiting transitions. Based on the measured run length and the relatively slow off-rate in ADP, we conclude that attachment of the tethered head is the rate-limiting transition in the KIF1A stepping cycle. Thus, KIF1A's activity can be explained by a fast rear-head detachment rate, a rate-limiting step of tethered-head attachment that follows ATP hydrolysis, and a relatively strong electrostatic interaction with the microtubule in the weakly bound post-hydrolysis state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Zaniewski
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allison M Gicking
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Graduate Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Fricks
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - William O Hancock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Graduate Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
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19
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GSK3β Impairs KIF1A Transport in a Cellular Model of Alzheimer's Disease but Does Not Regulate Motor Motility at S402. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0176-20.2020. [PMID: 33067366 PMCID: PMC7768277 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0176-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of axonal transport is an early pathologic event that precedes neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Soluble amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs), a causative agent of AD, activate intracellular signaling cascades that trigger phosphorylation of many target proteins, including tau, resulting in microtubule destabilization and transport impairment. Here, we investigated how KIF1A, a kinesin-3 family motor protein required for the transport of neurotrophic factors, is impaired in mouse hippocampal neurons treated with AβOs. By live cell imaging, we observed that AβOs inhibit transport of KIF1A-GFP similarly in wild-type and tau knock-out neurons, indicating that tau is not required for this effect. Pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), a kinase overactivated in AD, prevented the transport defects. By mass spectrometry on KIF1A immunoprecipitated from transgenic AD mouse brain, we detected phosphorylation at S402, which conforms to a highly conserved GSK3β consensus site. We confirmed that this site is phosphorylated by GSK3β in vitro. Finally, we tested whether a phosphomimic of S402 could modulate KIF1A motility in control and AβO-treated mouse neurons and in a Golgi dispersion assay devoid of endogenous KIF1A. In both systems, transport driven by mutant motors was similar to that of WT motors. In conclusion, GSK3β impairs KIF1A transport but does not regulate motor motility at S402. Further studies are required to determine the specific phosphorylation sites on KIF1A that regulate its cargo binding and/or motility in physiological and disease states.
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20
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Toleikis A, Carter NJ, Cross RA. Backstepping Mechanism of Kinesin-1. Biophys J 2020; 119:1984-1994. [PMID: 33091340 PMCID: PMC7732724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-1 is an ATP-driven molecular motor that transports cellular cargo along microtubules. At low loads, kinesin-1 almost always steps forward, toward microtubule plus ends, but at higher loads, it can also step backward. Backsteps are usually 8 nm but can be larger. These larger backward events of 16 nm, 24 nm, or more are thought to be slips rather than steps because they are too fast to consist of multiple, tightly coupled 8-nm steps. Here, we propose that not only these larger backsteps, but all kinesin-1 backsteps, are slips. We show first that kinesin waits before forward steps for less time than before backsteps and detachments; second, we show that kinesin waits for the same amount of time before backsteps and detachments; and third, we show that by varying the microtubule type, we can change the ratio of backsteps to detachments without affecting forward stepping. Our findings indicate that backsteps and detachments originate from the same state and that this state arises later in the mechanochemical cycle than the state that gives rise to forward steps. To explain our data, we propose that, in each cycle of ATP turnover, forward kinesin steps can only occur before Pi release, whereas backslips and detachments can only occur after Pi release. In the scheme we propose, Pi release gates access to a weak binding K⋅ADP-K⋅ADP state that can slip back along the microtubule, re-engage, release ADP, and try again to take an ATP-driven forward step. We predict that this rescued detachment pathway is key to maintaining kinesin processivity under load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Algirdas Toleikis
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Carter
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Cross
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom.
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21
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How Kinesin-1 Utilize the Energy of Nucleotide: The Conformational Changes and Mechanochemical Coupling in the Unidirectional Motion of Kinesin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186977. [PMID: 32972035 PMCID: PMC7555842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-1 is a typical motile molecular motor and the founding member of the kinesin family. The most significant feature in the unidirectional motion of kinesin-1 is its processivity. To realize the fast and processive movement on the microtubule lattice, kinesin-1 efficiently transforms the chemical energy of nucleotide binding and hydrolysis to the energy of mechanical movement. The chemical and mechanical cycle of kinesin-1 are coupled to avoid futile nucleotide hydrolysis. In this paper, the research on the mechanical pathway of energy transition and the regulating mechanism of the mechanochemical cycle of kinesin-1 is reviewed.
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22
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Yamagishi M, Fujimura S, Sugawa M, Nishizaka T, Yajima J. N‐terminal β‐strand of single‐headed kinesin‐1 can modulate the off‐axis force‐generation and resultant rotation pitch. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:351-361. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Yamagishi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Komaba Institute for Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Mitsuhiro Sugawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Komaba Institute for Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Junichiro Yajima
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Komaba Institute for Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Research Center for Complex Systems Biology The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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23
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Interactions between motor domains in kinesin-14 Ncd - a molecular dynamics study. Biochem J 2019; 476:2449-2462. [PMID: 31416830 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Minus-end directed, non-processive kinesin-14 Ncd is a dimeric protein with C-terminally located motor domains (heads). Generation of the power-stroke by Ncd consists of a lever-like rotation of a long superhelical 'stalk' segment while one of the kinesin's heads is bound to the microtubule. The last ∼30 amino acids of Ncd head play a crucial but still poorly understood role in this process. Here, we used accelerated molecular dynamics simulations to explore the conformational dynamics of several systems built upon two crystal structures of Ncd, the asymmetrical T436S mutant in pre-stroke/post-stroke conformations of two partner subunits and the symmetrical wild-type protein in pre-stroke conformation of both subunits. The results revealed a new conformational state forming following the inward motion of the subunits and stabilized with several hydrogen bonds to residues located on the border or within the C-terminal linker, i.e. a modeled extension of the C-terminus by residues 675-683. Forming of this new, compact Ncd conformation critically depends on the length of the C-terminus extending to at least residue 681. Moreover, the associative motion leading to the compact conformation is accompanied by a partial lateral rotation of the stalk. We propose that the stable compact conformation of Ncd may represent an initial state of the working stroke.
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