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Dorsey SG, Mocci E, Lane MV, Krueger BK. Rapid effects of valproic acid on the fetal brain transcriptome: Implications for brain development and autism. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3684653. [PMID: 38260618 PMCID: PMC10802704 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3684653/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
There is an increased incidence of autism among the children of women who take the anti-epileptic, mood-stabilizing drug, valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy; moreover, exposure to VPA in utero causes autistic-like symptoms in rodents and non-human primates. Analysis of RNA-seq data obtained from E12.5 fetal mouse brains 3 hours after VPA administration to the pregnant dam revealed that VPA rapidly and significantly increased or decreased the expression of approximately 7,300 genes. No significant sex differences in VPA-induced gene expression were observed. Expression of 399 autism risk genes was significantly altered by VPA as was expression of 255 genes that have been reported to play fundamental roles in fetal brain development but are not otherwise linked to autism. Expression of genes associated with intracellular signaling pathways, neurogenesis, and excitation-inhibition balance as well as synaptogenesis, neuronal fate determination, axon and dendritic development, neuroinflammation, circadian rhythms, and epigenetic modulation of gene expression was dysregulated by VPA. The goal of this study was to identify mouse genes that are: (a) significantly up- or down-regulated by VPA in the fetal brain and (b) known to be associated with autism and/or to play a role in embryonic neurodevelopmental processes, perturbation of which has the potential to alter brain connectivity and, consequently behavior, in the adult. The set of genes meeting these criteria provides potential targets for future hypothesis-driven studies to elucidate the proximal causes of errors in brain connectivity underlying neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan G. Dorsey
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Sciences, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Evelina Mocci
- Department of Pain and Translational Symptom Sciences, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Malcolm V. Lane
- Translational Toxicology/Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Bruce K. Krueger
- Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
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Jahncke JN, Miller DS, Krush M, Schnell E, Wright KM. Inhibitory CCK+ basket synapse defects in mouse models of dystroglycanopathy. eLife 2024; 12:RP87965. [PMID: 38179984 PMCID: PMC10942650 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan (Dag1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that links the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton. Mutations in Dag1 or the genes required for its glycosylation result in dystroglycanopathy, a type of congenital muscular dystrophy characterized by a wide range of phenotypes including muscle weakness, brain defects, and cognitive impairment. We investigated interneuron (IN) development, synaptic function, and associated seizure susceptibility in multiple mouse models that reflect the wide phenotypic range of dystroglycanopathy neuropathology. Mice that model severe dystroglycanopathy due to forebrain deletion of Dag1 or Pomt2, which is required for Dystroglycan glycosylation, show significant impairment of CCK+/CB1R+ IN development. CCK+/CB1R+ IN axons failed to properly target the somatodendritic compartment of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus, resulting in synaptic defects and increased seizure susceptibility. Mice lacking the intracellular domain of Dystroglycan have milder defects in CCK+/CB1R+ IN axon targeting, but exhibit dramatic changes in inhibitory synaptic function, indicating a critical postsynaptic role of this domain. In contrast, CCK+/CB1R+ IN synaptic function and seizure susceptibility was normal in mice that model mild dystroglycanopathy due to partially reduced Dystroglycan glycosylation. Collectively, these data show that inhibitory synaptic defects and elevated seizure susceptibility are hallmarks of severe dystroglycanopathy, and show that Dystroglycan plays an important role in organizing functional inhibitory synapse assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Jahncke
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Daniel S Miller
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Milana Krush
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Eric Schnell
- Operative Care Division, Portland VA Health Care SystemPortlandUnited States
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Kevin M Wright
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
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Trotter JH, Wang CY, Zhou P, Nakahara G, Südhof TC. A combinatorial code of neurexin-3 alternative splicing controls inhibitory synapses via a trans-synaptic dystroglycan signaling loop. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1771. [PMID: 36997523 PMCID: PMC10063607 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted synaptic inhibition is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, yet the molecular mechanisms that shape and sustain inhibitory synapses are poorly understood. Here, we show through rescue experiments performed using Neurexin-3 conditional knockout mice that alternative splicing at SS2 and SS4 regulates the release probability, but not the number, of inhibitory synapses in the olfactory bulb and prefrontal cortex independent of sex. Neurexin-3 splice variants that mediate Neurexin-3 binding to dystroglycan enable inhibitory synapse function, whereas splice variants that don't allow dystroglycan binding do not. Furthermore, a minimal Neurexin-3 protein that binds to dystroglycan fully sustains inhibitory synaptic function, indicating that trans-synaptic dystroglycan binding is necessary and sufficient for Neurexin-3 function in inhibitory synaptic transmission. Thus, Neurexin-3 enables a normal release probability at inhibitory synapses via a trans-synaptic feedback signaling loop consisting of presynaptic Neurexin-3 and postsynaptic dystroglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin H Trotter
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Cosmos Yuqi Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - George Nakahara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Dystrophin Short Product, Dp71, Interacts with AQP4 and Kir4.1 Channels in the Mouse Cerebellar Glial Cells in Contrast to Dp427 at Inhibitory Postsynapses in the Purkinje Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3664-3677. [PMID: 36918517 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03296-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Dystrophin is the causative gene for Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD), and it produces full-length and short dystrophin, Dp427 and Dp71, respectively, in the brain. The existence of the different dystrophin molecular complexes has been known for a quarter century, so it is necessary to derive precise expression profiles of the molecular complexes in the brain to elucidate the mechanism of cognitive symptoms in DMD/BMD patients. In order to investigate the Dp71 expression profile in cerebellum, we employed Dp71-specific tag-insertion mice, which allowed for the specific detection of endogenous Dp71 in the immunohistochemical analysis and found its expressions in the glial cells, Bergmann glial (BG) cells, and astrocytes, whereas Dp427 was exclusively expressed in the inhibitory postsynapses within cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs). Interestingly, we found different cell-type dependent dystrophin molecular complexes; i.e., glia-associated Dp71 was co-expressed with dystroglycan (DG) and dystrobrevinα, whereas synapse-associated Dp427 was co-expressed with DG and dystrobrevinβ. Furthermore, we investigated the molecular relationship of Dp71 to the AQP4 water channel and the Kir4.1 potassium channel, and found biochemical associations of Dp71 with AQP4 and Kir4.1 in both the cerebellum and cerebrum. Immunohistochemical and cytochemical investigations revealed partial co-localizations of Dp71 with AQP4 and Kir4.1 in the glial cells, indicating Dp71 interactions with the channels in the BG cells and astrocytes. Taken together, different cell-types, glial cells and Purkinje neurons, in the cerebellum express different dystrophin molecular complexes, which may contribute to pathological and physiological processes through the regulation of the water/ion channel and inhibitory postsynapses.
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Jahncke JN, Wright KM. The many roles of dystroglycan in nervous system development and function: Dystroglycan and neural circuit development: Dystroglycan and neural circuit development. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:61-80. [PMID: 35770940 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycoprotein dystroglycan was first identified in muscle, where it functions as part of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex to connect the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton. Mutations in genes involved in the glycosylation of dystroglycan cause a form of congenital muscular dystrophy termed dystroglycanopathy. In addition to its well-defined role in regulating muscle integrity, dystroglycan is essential for proper central and peripheral nervous system development. Patients with dystroglycanopathy can present with a wide range of neurological perturbations, but unraveling the complex role of Dag1 in the nervous system has proven to be a challenge. Over the past two decades, animal models of dystroglycanopathy have been an invaluable resource that has allowed researchers to elucidate dystroglycan's many roles in neural circuit development. In this review, we summarize the pathways involved in dystroglycan's glycosylation and its known interacting proteins, and discuss how it regulates neuronal migration, axon guidance, synapse formation, and its role in non-neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Jahncke
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregan Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kevin M Wright
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Perdomo-Sabogal A, Trakooljul N, Hadlich F, Murani E, Wimmers K, Ponsuksili S. DNA methylation landscapes from pig's limbic structures underline regulatory mechanisms relevant for brain plasticity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16293. [PMID: 36175587 PMCID: PMC9522933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dynamics are essential for reconciling stress-induced responses in neuro-endocrine routes between the limbic brain and adrenal gland. CpG methylation associates with the initiation and end of regulatory mechanisms underlying responses critical for survival, and learning. Using Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing, we identified methylation changes of functional relevance for mediating tissue-specific responses in the hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, and adrenal gland in pigs. We identified 4186 differentially methylated CpGs across all tissues, remarkably, enriched for promoters of transcription factors (TFs) of the homeo domain and zinc finger classes. We also detected 5190 differentially methylated regions (DMRs, 748 Mb), with about half unique to a single pairwise. Two structures, the hypothalamus and the hippocampus, displayed 860 unique brain-DMRs, with many linked to regulation of chromatin, nervous development, neurogenesis, and cell-to-cell communication. TF binding motifs for TFAP2A and TFAP2C are enriched amount DMRs on promoters of other TFs, suggesting their role as master regulators, especially for pathways essential in long-term brain plasticity, memory, and stress responses. Our results reveal sets of TF that, together with CpG methylation, may serve as regulatory switches to modulate limbic brain plasticity and brain-specific molecular genetics in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Perdomo-Sabogal
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Frieder Hadlich
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.,University Rostock, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Bai G, Zhang M. Inhibitory postsynaptic density from the lens of phase separation. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 1:kvac003. [PMID: 38596704 PMCID: PMC10913824 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
To faithfully transmit and decode signals released from presynaptic termini, postsynaptic compartments of neuronal synapses deploy hundreds of various proteins. In addition to distinct sets of proteins, excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic apparatuses display very different organization features and regulatory properties. Decades of extensive studies have generated a wealth of knowledge on the molecular composition, assembly architecture and activity-dependent regulatory mechanisms of excitatory postsynaptic compartments. In comparison, our understanding of the inhibitory postsynaptic apparatus trails behind. Recent studies have demonstrated that phase separation is a new paradigm underlying the formation and plasticity of both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic molecular assemblies. In this review, we discuss molecular composition, organizational and regulatory features of inhibitory postsynaptic densities through the lens of the phase separation concept and in comparison with the excitatory postsynaptic densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518036, China
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Stefano MED, Ferretti V, Mozzetta C. Synaptic alterations as a neurodevelopmental trait of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 168:105718. [PMID: 35390481 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystrophinopaties, e.g., Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy and X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy are inherited neuromuscular diseases, characterized by progressive muscular degeneration, which however associate with a significant impact on general system physiology. The more severe is the pathology and its diversified manifestations, the heavier are its effects on organs, systems, and tissues other than muscles (skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles). All dystrophinopaties are characterized by mutations in a single gene located on the X chromosome encoding dystrophin (Dp427) and its shorter isoforms, but DMD is the most devasting: muscular degenerations manifests within the first 4 years of life, progressively affecting motility and other muscular functions, and leads to a fatal outcome between the 20s and 40s. To date, after years of studies on both DMD patients and animal models of the disease, it has been clearly demonstrated that a significant percentage of DMD patients are also afflicted by cognitive, neurological, and autonomic disorders, of varying degree of severity. The anatomical correlates underlying neural functional damages are established during embryonic development and the early stages of postnatal life, when brain circuits, sensory and motor connections are still maturing. The impact of the absence of Dp427 on the development, differentiation, and consolidation of specific cerebral circuits (hippocampus, cerebellum, prefrontal cortex, amygdala) is significant, and amplified by the frequent lack of one or more of its lower molecular mass isoforms. The most relevant aspect, which characterizes DMD-associated neurological disorders, is based on morpho-functional alterations of selective synaptic connections within the affected brain areas. This pathological feature correlates neurological conditions of DMD to other severe neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia, epilepsy and autistic spectrum disorders, among others. This review discusses the organization and the role of the dystrophin-dystroglycan complex in muscles and neurons, focusing on the neurological aspect of DMD and on the most relevant morphological and functional synaptic alterations, in both central and autonomic nervous systems, described in the pathology and its animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Egle De Stefano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; Center for Research in Neurobiology Daniel Bovet, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Ferretti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; Center for Research in Neurobiology Daniel Bovet, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Mozzetta
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Fujimoto T, Yaoi T, Nakano K, Arai T, Okamura T, Itoh K. Generation of dystrophin short product-specific tag-insertion mouse: distinct Dp71 glycoprotein complexes at inhibitory postsynapse and glia limitans. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:109. [PMID: 35098363 PMCID: PMC11071725 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most severe form of dystrophinopathies, is a fatal X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and various extents of intellectual disabilities. Physiological and pathological roles of the responsible gene, dystrophin, in the brain remain elusive due to the presence of multiple dystrophin products, mainly full-length dystrophin, Dp427, and the short product, Dp71. In this study, we generated a Dp71-specific hemagglutinin (HA) peptide tag-insertion mice to enable specific detection of intrinsic Dp71 expression by anti-HA-tag antibodies. Immunohistochemical detections in the transgenic mice demonstrated Dp71 expression not only at the blood-brain barrier, where astrocytic endfeet surround the microvessels, but also at the inhibitory postsynapse of hippocampal dentate granule neurons. Interestingly, hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA)1 pyramidal neurons were negative for Dp71, although Dp427 detected by anti-dystrophin antibody was clearly present at the inhibitory postsynapse, suggesting cell-type dependent dystrophin expressions. Precise examination using the primary hippocampal culture validated exclusive localization of Dp71 at the inhibitory postsynaptic compartment but not at the excitatory synapse in neurons. We further performed interactome analysis and found that Dp71 formed distinct molecular complexes, i.e. synapse-associated Dp71 interacted with dystroglycan (Dg) and dystrobrevinβ (Dtnb), whereas glia-associated Dp71 did with Dg and dystrobrevinα (Dtna). Thus, our data indicate that Dp71 and its binding partners are relevant to the inhibitory postsynaptic function of hippocampal granule neurons and the novel Dp71-transgenic mouse provides a valuable tool to understand precise physiological expressions and functions of Dp71 and its interaction proteins in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yaoi
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakano
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Arai
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kyoko Itoh
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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Hong SA, Seo JH, Wi S, Jung ES, Yu J, Hwang GH, Yu JH, Baek A, Park S, Bae S, Cho SR. In vivo gene editing via homology-independent targeted integration for adrenoleukodystrophy treatment. Mol Ther 2022; 30:119-129. [PMID: 34058389 PMCID: PMC8753287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is caused by various pathogenic mutations in the X-linked ABCD1 gene, which lead to metabolically abnormal accumulations of very long-chain fatty acids in many organs. However, curative treatment of ALD has not yet been achieved. To treat ALD, we applied two different gene-editing strategies, base editing and homology-independent targeted integration (HITI), in ALD patient-derived fibroblasts. Next, we performed in vivo HITI-mediated gene editing using AAV9 vectors delivered via intravenous administration in the ALD model mice. We found that the ABCD1 mRNA level was significantly increased in HITI-treated mice, and the plasma levels of C24:0-LysoPC (lysophosphatidylcholine) and C26:0-LysoPC, sensitive diagnostic markers for ALD, were significantly reduced. These results suggest that HITI-mediated mutant gene rescue could be a promising therapeutic strategy for human ALD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ah Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04673, South Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Seo
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Wi
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Eul Sik Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea; JES Clinic, Incheon 21550, South Korea
| | - Jihyeon Yu
- Division of Life Science, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Gue-Ho Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04673, South Korea
| | - Ji Hea Yu
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Ahreum Baek
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, South Korea
| | - Soeon Park
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04673, South Korea.
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Graduate Program of Nano Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Miller DS, Wright KM. Neuronal Dystroglycan regulates postnatal development of CCK/cannabinoid receptor-1 interneurons. Neural Dev 2021; 16:4. [PMID: 34362433 PMCID: PMC8349015 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-021-00153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of functional neural circuits requires the precise formation of synaptic connections between diverse neuronal populations. The molecular pathways that allow GABAergic interneuron subtypes in the mammalian brain to initially recognize their postsynaptic partners remain largely unknown. The transmembrane glycoprotein Dystroglycan is localized to inhibitory synapses in pyramidal neurons, where it is required for the proper function of CCK+ interneurons. However, the precise temporal requirement for Dystroglycan during inhibitory synapse development has not been examined. Methods In this study, we use NEXCre or Camk2aCreERT2 to conditionally delete Dystroglycan from newly-born or adult pyramidal neurons, respectively. We then analyze forebrain development from postnatal day 3 through adulthood, with a particular focus on CCK+ interneurons. Results In the absence of postsynaptic Dystroglycan in developing pyramidal neurons, presynaptic CCK+ interneurons fail to elaborate their axons and largely disappear from the cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and olfactory bulb during the first two postnatal weeks. Other interneuron subtypes are unaffected, indicating that CCK+ interneurons are unique in their requirement for postsynaptic Dystroglycan. Dystroglycan does not appear to be required in adult pyramidal neurons to maintain CCK+ interneurons. Bax deletion did not rescue CCK+ interneurons in Dystroglycan mutants during development, suggesting that they are not eliminated by canonical apoptosis. Rather, we observed increased innervation of the striatum, suggesting that the few remaining CCK+ interneurons re-directed their axons to neighboring areas where Dystroglycan expression remained intact. Conclusion Together these findings show that Dystroglycan functions as part of a synaptic partner recognition complex that is required early for CCK+ interneuron development in the forebrain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13064-021-00153-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Miller
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kevin M Wright
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, VIB 3435A, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L474, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA.
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12
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Princz A, Pelisch F, Tavernarakis N. SUMO promotes longevity and maintains mitochondrial homeostasis during ageing in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15513. [PMID: 32968203 PMCID: PMC7511317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin/IGF signalling pathway impacts lifespan across distant taxa, by controlling the activity of nodal transcription factors. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the transcription regulators DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf function to promote longevity under conditions of low insulin/IGF signalling and stress. The activity and subcellular localization of both DAF-16 and SKN-1 is further modulated by specific posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Here, we show that ageing elicits a marked increase of SUMO levels in C. elegans. In turn, SUMO fine-tunes DAF-16 and SKN-1 activity in specific C. elegans somatic tissues, to enhance stress resistance. SUMOylation of DAF-16 modulates mitochondrial homeostasis by interfering with mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy. Our findings reveal that SUMO is an important determinant of lifespan, and provide novel insight, relevant to the complexity of the signalling mechanisms that influence gene expression to govern organismal survival in metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Princz
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Federico Pelisch
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece. .,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
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Arreguin AJ, Colognato H. Brain Dysfunction in LAMA2-Related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy: Lessons From Human Case Reports and Mouse Models. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:118. [PMID: 32792907 PMCID: PMC7390928 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminin α2 gene (LAMA2)-related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (CMD) was distinguished by a defining central nervous system (CNS) abnormality—aberrant white matter signals by MRI—when first described in the 1990s. In the past 25 years, researchers and clinicians have expanded our knowledge of brain involvement in LAMA2-related CMD, also known as Congenital Muscular Dystrophy Type 1A (MDC1A). Neurological changes in MDC1A can be structural, including lissencephaly and agyria, as well as functional, including epilepsy and intellectual disability. Mouse models of MDC1A include both spontaneous and targeted LAMA2 mutations and range from a partial loss of LAMA2 function (e.g., dy2J/dy2J), to a complete loss of LAMA2 expression (dy3K/dy3K). Diverse cellular and molecular changes have been reported in the brains of MDC1A mouse models, including blood-brain barrier dysfunction, altered neuro- and gliogenesis, changes in synaptic plasticity, and decreased myelination, providing mechanistic insight into potential neurological dysfunction in MDC1A. In this review article, we discuss selected studies that illustrate the potential scope and complexity of disturbances in brain development in MDC1A, and as well as highlight mechanistic insights that are emerging from mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Arreguin
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Holly Colognato
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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