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Moraly J, Kondo T, Benzaoui M, DuSold J, Talluri S, Pouzolles MC, Chien C, Dardalhon V, Taylor N. Metabolic dialogues: regulators of chimeric antigen receptor T cell function in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1695-1718. [PMID: 38922759 PMCID: PMC11223614 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated remarkable success in the treatment of relapsed/refractory melanoma and hematological malignancies, respectively. These treatments have marked a pivotal shift in cancer management. However, as "living drugs," their effectiveness is dependent on their ability to proliferate and persist in patients. Recent studies indicate that the mechanisms regulating these crucial functions, as well as the T cell's differentiation state, are conditioned by metabolic shifts and the distinct utilization of metabolic pathways. These metabolic shifts, conditioned by nutrient availability as well as cell surface expression of metabolite transporters, are coupled to signaling pathways and the epigenetic landscape of the cell, modulating transcriptional, translational, and post-translational profiles. In this review, we discuss the processes underlying the metabolic remodeling of activated T cells, the impact of a tumor metabolic environment on T cell function, and potential metabolic-based strategies to enhance T cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josquin Moraly
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Université Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Taisuke Kondo
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Mehdi Benzaoui
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Université de Montpellier, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRSMontpellierFrance
| | - Justyn DuSold
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Sohan Talluri
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Marie C. Pouzolles
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Christopher Chien
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Université de Montpellier, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRSMontpellierFrance
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Université de Montpellier, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRSMontpellierFrance
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2
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Nobs SP, Kolodziejczyk AA, Adler L, Horesh N, Botscharnikow C, Herzog E, Mohapatra G, Hejndorf S, Hodgetts RJ, Spivak I, Schorr L, Fluhr L, Kviatcovsky D, Zacharia A, Njuki S, Barasch D, Stettner N, Dori-Bachash M, Harmelin A, Brandis A, Mehlman T, Erez A, He Y, Ferrini S, Puschhof J, Shapiro H, Kopf M, Moussaieff A, Abdeen SK, Elinav E. Lung dendritic-cell metabolism underlies susceptibility to viral infection in diabetes. Nature 2023; 624:645-652. [PMID: 38093014 PMCID: PMC10733144 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
People with diabetes feature a life-risking susceptibility to respiratory viral infection, including influenza and SARS-CoV-2 (ref. 1), whose mechanism remains unknown. In acquired and genetic mouse models of diabetes, induced with an acute pulmonary viral infection, we demonstrate that hyperglycaemia leads to impaired costimulatory molecule expression, antigen transport and T cell priming in distinct lung dendritic cell (DC) subsets, driving a defective antiviral adaptive immune response, delayed viral clearance and enhanced mortality. Mechanistically, hyperglycaemia induces an altered metabolic DC circuitry characterized by increased glucose-to-acetyl-CoA shunting and downstream histone acetylation, leading to global chromatin alterations. These, in turn, drive impaired expression of key DC effectors including central antigen presentation-related genes. Either glucose-lowering treatment or pharmacological modulation of histone acetylation rescues DC function and antiviral immunity. Collectively, we highlight a hyperglycaemia-driven metabolic-immune axis orchestrating DC dysfunction during pulmonary viral infection and identify metabolic checkpoints that may be therapeutically exploited in mitigating exacerbated disease in infected diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Philip Nobs
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aleksandra A Kolodziejczyk
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- International Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lital Adler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nir Horesh
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantations, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Ella Herzog
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gayatree Mohapatra
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sophia Hejndorf
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ryan-James Hodgetts
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Igor Spivak
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lena Schorr
- Division of Microbiome & Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leviel Fluhr
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Denise Kviatcovsky
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anish Zacharia
- The Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Suzanne Njuki
- The Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dinorah Barasch
- The Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noa Stettner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mally Dori-Bachash
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Harmelin
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Brandis
- Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tevie Mehlman
- Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yiming He
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sara Ferrini
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jens Puschhof
- Division of Microbiome & Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hagit Shapiro
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arieh Moussaieff
- The Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Suhaib K Abdeen
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Eran Elinav
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- Division of Microbiome & Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Montironi C, Jacobs CF, Cretenet G, Peters FS, Schomakers BV, van Weeghel M, Kater AP, Simon-Molas H, Eldering E. T-cell dysfunction by pseudohypoxia and autocrine purinergic signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6540-6552. [PMID: 37552122 PMCID: PMC10632609 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired T-cell dysfunction is common in chronic B-cell malignancies. Given the strong connection between T-cell metabolism and function, we investigated metabolic alterations as the basis of T-cell dysfunction induced by malignant cells. Using B-cell malignant cell lines and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we first established a model that recapitulates major aspects of cancer-induced T-cell dysfunction. Cell lines derived from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (PGA-1, CII, and Mec-1), but not from other B-cell malignancies, altered the T-cell metabolome by generating a pseudohypoxic state. T cells were retained in aerobic glycolysis and were not able to switch to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Moreover, T cells produced immunosuppressive adenosine that negatively affected function by dampening the activation, which could be restored by the blocking of adenosine receptors. Subsequently, we uncovered a similar hypoxic-like signature in autologous T cells from primary CLL samples. Pseudohypoxia was reversible upon depletion of CLL cells ex vivo and, importantly, after the in vivo reduction of the leukemic burden with combination therapy (venetoclax and obinutuzumab), restoring T-cell function. In conclusion, we uncovered a pseudohypoxic program connected with T-cell dysfunction in CLL. Modulation of hypoxia and the purinergic pathway might contribute to therapeutic restoration of T-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Montironi
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chaja F. Jacobs
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gaspard Cretenet
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur S. Peters
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke V. Schomakers
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnon P. Kater
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga Simon-Molas
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Eldering
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Guo N, Yang A, Farooq FB, Kalaria S, Moss E, DeVorkin L, Lesperance M, Bénard F, Wilson D, Tinker AV, Nathoo FS, Hamilton PT, Lum JJ. CD8 + T cell infiltration is associated with improved survival and negatively correlates with hypoxia in clear cell ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6530. [PMID: 37085560 PMCID: PMC10121667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike other histological types of epithelial ovarian carcinoma, clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCOC) has poor response to therapy. In many other carcinomas, expression of the hypoxia-related enzyme Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) by cancer cells is associated with poor prognosis, while the presence of CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is positively prognostic. We employed [18F]EF5-PET/CT imaging, transcriptome profiling, and spatially-resolved histological analysis to evaluate relationships between CAIX, CD8, and survival in CCOC. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were evaluated for 218 cases in the Canadian COEUR study. Non-spatial relationships between CAIX and CD8 were investigated using Spearman rank correlation, negative binomial regression and gene set enrichment analysis. Spatial relationships at the cell level were investigated using the cross K-function. Survival analysis was used to assess the relationship of CAIX and CD8 with patient survival for 154 cases. CD8 + T cell infiltration positively predicted survival with estimated hazard ratio 0.974 (95% CI 0.950, 1000). The negative binomial regression analysis found a strong TMA effect (p-value < 0.0001). It also indicated a negative association between CD8 and CAIX overall (p-value = 0.0171) and in stroma (p-value = 0.0050) but not in tumor (p-value = 0.173). Examination of the spatial association between the locations of CD8 + T cells and CAIX cells found a significant amount of heterogeneity in the first TMA, while in the second TMA there was a clear signal indicating negative spatial association in stromal regions. These results suggest that hypoxia may contribute to immune exclusion, primarily mediated by effects in stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Guo
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, STN CSC, PO BOX 1700, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Aijun Yang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, STN CSC, PO BOX 1700, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | | | - Shreena Kalaria
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, 2410 Lee Avenue, 3rd Floor, Victoria, BC, V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Elena Moss
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, 2410 Lee Avenue, 3rd Floor, Victoria, BC, V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Lindsay DeVorkin
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, 2410 Lee Avenue, 3rd Floor, Victoria, BC, V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Mary Lesperance
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, STN CSC, PO BOX 1700, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Don Wilson
- Functional Imaging, BC Cancer Vancouver, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anna V Tinker
- Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Vancouver, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Farouk S Nathoo
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, STN CSC, PO BOX 1700, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
| | - Phineas T Hamilton
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, 2410 Lee Avenue, 3rd Floor, Victoria, BC, V8R 6V5, Canada.
| | - Julian J Lum
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, 2410 Lee Avenue, 3rd Floor, Victoria, BC, V8R 6V5, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
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5
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Yennemadi AS, Keane J, Leisching G. Mitochondrial bioenergetic changes in systemic lupus erythematosus immune cell subsets: Contributions to pathogenesis and clinical applications. Lupus 2023; 32:603-611. [PMID: 36914582 PMCID: PMC10155285 DOI: 10.1177/09612033231164635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The association of dysregulated metabolism in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis has prompted investigations into metabolic rewiring and the involvement of mitochondrial metabolism as a driver of disease through NLRP3 inflammasome activation, disruption of mitochondrial DNA maintenance, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. The use of Agilent Seahorse Technology to gain functional in situ metabolic insights of selected cell types from SLE patients has identified key parameters that are dysregulated during disease. Mitochondrial functional assessments specifically can detect dysfunction through oxygen consumption rate (OCR), spare respiratory capacity, and maximal respiration measurements, which, when coupled with disease activity scores could show potential as markers of disease activity. CD4+ and CD8 + T cells have been assessed in this way and show that oxygen consumption rate, spare respiratory capacity, and maximal respiration are blunted in CD8 + T cells, with results not being as clear cut in CD4 + T cells. Additionally, glutamine, processed by mitochondrial substrate level phosphorylation is emerging as a key role player in the expansion and differentiation of Th1, Th17, ϒδ T cells, and plasmablasts. The role that circulating leukocytes play in acting as bioenergetic biomarkers of diseases such as diabetes suggests that this may also be a tool to detect preclinical SLE. Therefore, the metabolic characterization of immune cell subsets and the collection of metabolic data during interventions is also essential. The delineation of the metabolic tuning of immune cells in this way could lead to novel strategies in treating metabolically demanding processes characteristic of autoimmune diseases such as SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali S Yennemadi
- TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Keane
- TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gina Leisching
- TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Mortezaee K, Majidpoor J. CD8 + T Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Induced Disease and Cancer-Clinical Perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864298. [PMID: 35432340 PMCID: PMC9010719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated innate and adaptive immunity is a sign of SARS-CoV-2-induced disease and cancer. CD8+ T cells are important cells of the immune system. The cells belong to the adaptive immunity and take a front-line defense against viral infections and cancer. Extreme CD8+ T-cell activities in the lung of patients with a SARS-CoV-2-induced disease and within the tumor microenvironment (TME) will change their functionality into exhausted state and undergo apoptosis. Such diminished immunity will put cancer cases at a high-risk group for SARS-CoV-2-induced disease, rendering viral sepsis and a more severe condition which will finally cause a higher rate of mortality. Recovering responses from CD8+ T cells is a purpose of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this review is to discuss the CD8+ T cellular state in SARS-CoV-2-induced disease and in cancer and to present some strategies for recovering the functionality of these critical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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7
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Mitochondrial homeostasis regulates definitive endoderm differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:69. [PMID: 35177589 PMCID: PMC8854419 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular organelles play fundamental roles in almost all cell behaviors. Mitochondria have been reported to be functionally linked to various biological processes, including reprogramming and pluripotency maintenance. However, very little about the role of mitochondria has been revealed in human early development and lineage specification. Here, we reported the characteristics and function of mitochondria during human definitive endoderm differentiation. Using a well-established differentiation system, we first investigated the change of mitochondrial morphology by comparing undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells, the intermediate mesendoderm cells, and differentiated endoderm cells, and found that mitochondria were gradually elongated and matured along differentiation. We further analyzed the expression pattern of mitochondria-related genes by RNA-seq, indicating that mitochondria became active during differentiation. Supporting this notion, the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased as well. Functionally, we utilized chemicals and genome editing techniques, which could interfere with mitochondrial homeostasis, to determine the role of mitochondria in human endoderm differentiation. Treatment with mitochondrial inhibitors, or genetic depletion of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), significantly reduced the differentiation efficiency of definitive endoderm. In addition, the defect in endoderm differentiation due to dysfunctional mitochondria could be restored to some extent by the addition of ATP. Moreover, the clearance of excessive ROS due to dysfunctional mitochondria by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) improved the differentiation as well. We further found that ATP and NAC could partially replace the growth factor activin A for definitive endoderm differentiation. Our study illustrates the essential role of mitochondria during human endoderm differentiation through providing ATP and regulating ROS levels, which may provide new insight for metabolic regulation of cell fate determination.
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8
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Duraj T, Carrión-Navarro J, Seyfried TN, García-Romero N, Ayuso-Sacido A. Metabolic therapy and bioenergetic analysis: The missing piece of the puzzle. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101389. [PMID: 34749013 PMCID: PMC8637646 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant metabolism is recognized as a hallmark of cancer, a pillar necessary for cellular proliferation. Regarding bioenergetics (ATP generation), most cancers display a preference not only toward aerobic glycolysis ("Warburg effect") and glutaminolysis (mitochondrial substrate level-phosphorylation) but also toward other metabolites such as lactate, pyruvate, and fat-derived sources. These secondary metabolites can assist in proliferation but cannot fully cover ATP demands. SCOPE OF REVIEW The concept of a static metabolic profile is challenged by instances of heterogeneity and flexibility to meet fuel/anaplerotic demands. Although metabolic therapies are a promising tool to improve therapeutic outcomes, either via pharmacological targets or press-pulse interventions, metabolic plasticity is rarely considered. Lack of bioenergetic analysis in vitro and patient-derived models is hindering translational potential. Here, we review the bioenergetics of cancer and propose a simple analysis of major metabolic pathways, encompassing both affordable and advanced techniques. A comprehensive compendium of Seahorse XF bioenergetic measurements is presented for the first time. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Standardization of principal readouts might help researchers to collect a complete metabolic picture of cancer using the most appropriate methods depending on the sample of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Duraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU San Pablo University, 28668, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Josefa Carrión-Navarro
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Thomas N Seyfried
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| | - Noemí García-Romero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Angel Ayuso-Sacido
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Mortezaee K, Majidpoor J. The impact of hypoxia on immune state in cancer. Life Sci 2021; 286:120057. [PMID: 34662552 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a known feature of solid tumors and a critical promoter of tumor hallmarks. Hypoxia influences tumor immunity in a way favoring immune evasion and resistance. Extreme hypoxia and aberrant hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) activity in tumor microenvironment (TME) is a drawback for effective immunotherapy. Infiltration and activity of CD8+ T cells is reduced in such condition, whereas regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) show high activities. Highly hypoxic TME also impairs maturation and activity of dendritic cell (DCs) and natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, the hypoxic TME positively is linked positively with metabolic changes in cells of immune system. These alterations are indicative of a need for hypoxia modulation as a complementary targeting strategy to go with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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10
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Zhang W, Liu Z, Xu X. Navigating immune cell immunometabolism after liver transplantation. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 160:103227. [PMID: 33675906 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is the most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases. The immunometabolism microenvironment undergoes massive changes at the interface of immune functionalities and metabolic regulations after LT. These changes considerably modify post-transplant complications, and immune cells play an influential role in the hepatic immunometabolism microenvironment after LT. Therefore, adequate studies on the complex pathobiology of immune cells are critical to prevent post-transplant complications, and the interplay between cellular metabolism and immune function is evident. Furthermore, immune cells perform their specified functions, such as activation or differentiation, accompanied by alterations in metabolic pathways, such as metabolic reprogramming. This transformation remarkably affects post-transplant complications like rejection. By targeting different metabolic pathways, regulations of metabolism are employed to shape immune responses. These differences of metabolic pathways allow for selective regulation of immune responses to further develop effective therapies that prevent graft loss after LT. This review examines immune cells in the hepatic immunometabolism microenvironment after LT, summarizes possible mechanisms and potential prevention on rejection to acquire immune tolerance, and offers some insight into references for scientific research along with clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhikun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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