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Porcari S, Fusco W, Spivak I, Fiorani M, Gasbarrini A, Elinav E, Cammarota G, Ianiro G. Fine-tuning the gut ecosystem: the current landscape and outlook of artificial microbiome therapeutics. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 9:460-475. [PMID: 38604200 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is acknowledged as a key determinant of human health, and technological progress in the past two decades has enabled the deciphering of its composition and functions and its role in human disorders. Therefore, manipulation of the gut microbiome has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for communicable and non-communicable disorders. Full exploitation of current therapeutic microbiome modulators (including probiotics, prebiotics, and faecal microbiota transplantation) is hindered by several factors, including poor precision, regulatory and safety issues, and the impossibility of providing reproducible and targeted treatments. Artificial microbiota therapeutics (which include a wide range of products, such as microbiota consortia, bacteriophages, bacterial metabolites, and engineered probiotics) have appeared as an evolution of current microbiota modulators, as they promise safe and reproducible effects, with variable levels of precision via different pathways. We describe the landscape of artificial microbiome therapeutics, from those already on the market to those still in the pipeline, and outline the major challenges for positioning these therapeutics in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Porcari
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; UOC Gastroenterologia and UOC CEMAD Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - William Fusco
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; UOC Gastroenterologia and UOC CEMAD Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Igor Spivak
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcello Fiorani
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; UOC Gastroenterologia and UOC CEMAD Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; UOC Gastroenterologia and UOC CEMAD Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eran Elinav
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Microbiome and Cancer Division, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; UOC Gastroenterologia and UOC CEMAD Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; UOC Gastroenterologia and UOC CEMAD Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Nobs SP, Kolodziejczyk AA, Adler L, Horesh N, Botscharnikow C, Herzog E, Mohapatra G, Hejndorf S, Hodgetts RJ, Spivak I, Schorr L, Fluhr L, Kviatcovsky D, Zacharia A, Njuki S, Barasch D, Stettner N, Dori-Bachash M, Harmelin A, Brandis A, Mehlman T, Erez A, He Y, Ferrini S, Puschhof J, Shapiro H, Kopf M, Moussaieff A, Abdeen SK, Elinav E. Lung dendritic-cell metabolism underlies susceptibility to viral infection in diabetes. Nature 2023; 624:645-652. [PMID: 38093014 PMCID: PMC10733144 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
People with diabetes feature a life-risking susceptibility to respiratory viral infection, including influenza and SARS-CoV-2 (ref. 1), whose mechanism remains unknown. In acquired and genetic mouse models of diabetes, induced with an acute pulmonary viral infection, we demonstrate that hyperglycaemia leads to impaired costimulatory molecule expression, antigen transport and T cell priming in distinct lung dendritic cell (DC) subsets, driving a defective antiviral adaptive immune response, delayed viral clearance and enhanced mortality. Mechanistically, hyperglycaemia induces an altered metabolic DC circuitry characterized by increased glucose-to-acetyl-CoA shunting and downstream histone acetylation, leading to global chromatin alterations. These, in turn, drive impaired expression of key DC effectors including central antigen presentation-related genes. Either glucose-lowering treatment or pharmacological modulation of histone acetylation rescues DC function and antiviral immunity. Collectively, we highlight a hyperglycaemia-driven metabolic-immune axis orchestrating DC dysfunction during pulmonary viral infection and identify metabolic checkpoints that may be therapeutically exploited in mitigating exacerbated disease in infected diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Philip Nobs
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aleksandra A Kolodziejczyk
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- International Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lital Adler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nir Horesh
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantations, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Ella Herzog
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gayatree Mohapatra
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sophia Hejndorf
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ryan-James Hodgetts
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Igor Spivak
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lena Schorr
- Division of Microbiome & Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leviel Fluhr
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Denise Kviatcovsky
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anish Zacharia
- The Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Suzanne Njuki
- The Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dinorah Barasch
- The Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noa Stettner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mally Dori-Bachash
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Harmelin
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Brandis
- Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tevie Mehlman
- Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yiming He
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sara Ferrini
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jens Puschhof
- Division of Microbiome & Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hagit Shapiro
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arieh Moussaieff
- The Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Suhaib K Abdeen
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Eran Elinav
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- Division of Microbiome & Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Spivak I, Fluhr L, Elinav E. Local and systemic effects of microbiome‐derived metabolites. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55664. [PMID: 36031866 PMCID: PMC9535759 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal microbes form distinct ecosystems within their mammalian hosts, collectively termed microbiomes. These indigenous microbial communities broadly expand the genomic and functional repertoire of their host and contribute to the formation of a “meta‐organism.” Importantly, microbiomes exert numerous biochemical reactions synthesizing or modifying multiple bioactive small molecules termed metabolites, which impact their host's physiology in a variety of contexts. Identifying and understanding molecular mechanisms of metabolite–host interactions, and how their disrupted signaling can contribute to diseases, may enable their therapeutic application, a modality termed “postbiotic” therapy. In this review, we highlight key examples of effects of bioactive microbe‐associated metabolites on local, systemic, and immune environments, and discuss how these may impact mammalian physiology and associated disorders. We outline the challenges and perspectives in understanding the potential activity and function of this plethora of microbially associated small molecules as well as possibilities to harness them toward the promotion of personalized precision therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Spivak
- Systems Immunology Department Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
- Medical Clinic III University Hospital Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Leviel Fluhr
- Systems Immunology Department Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Systems Immunology Department Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
- Microbiome & Cancer Division, DKFZ Heidelberg Germany
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Spivak I, Hershkovitz T, Zaid R, Weiss K, Butbul Aviel Y. POS0780 MONOGENIC SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IN NORTHERN ISRAEL. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundSystemic Lupus erythematous (SLE) is a heterogenic clinical syndrome with a multifactorial etiology including diverse environmental, immunological and genetic causes and modifiers. Increasingly, utilizing next generation sequencing tooIs, monogenic forms of SLE have been identified.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to identify monogenic causes of SLE in the unique pediatric population of Northern Israel.MethodsA retrospective and prospective study was carried out between 2010-2021 in a single tertiary pediatric medical center. Genetic testing including Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed for select patients including family history of SLE, consanguinity and\or clinical findings suggestive of specific disorder.Results75 children were diagnosed with SLE. 13/75 had one or more relatives with SLE, including a pedigree with 4 affected members. Mean age at presentation was 10.1±4.7. A monogenic disorder was identified in total of 7/75 of pedigrees. Four patients were diagnosed with Prolidase deficiency, one patient with ADAR1 mutation related to Aicardi–Goutières syndrome and one pedegree with APC5 mutations. Candidate variants in genes related to immune system were identified in one proband and her father requiring further study. Additional WES results are pendingConclusionWe detected monogenic causes of SLE in a select cohort of patient in Northern Israel. Identification of a genetic basis for disease has direct clinical implication for patients and families and can also enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis and disease mechanisms involved in the more common sporadic forms of SLE.Disclosure of Interestsilia spivak: None declared, Tova Hershkovitz1 Grant/research support from: Regeneron Genetics center, Tarrytown, NY, USA, Rinat Zaid Grant/research support from: Regeneron Genetics center, Tarrytown, NY, USA, Karin Weiss Grant/research support from: Regeneron Genetics center, Tarrytown, NY, USA, Yonatan Butbul Aviel: None declared
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Spivak I, Elinav E. Risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease delineate the battlegrounds in optimizing disease prevention. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2022; 11:492-494. [DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-22-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Krupnova L, Antonova O, Kokhan V, Spivak I, Krikun V. [PUBLIC CONTROL AS A MEAN OF ENSURING THE REALIZATION OF THE RIGHT TO HEALTH CARE]. Georgian Med News 2021:184-189. [PMID: 34248052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence and specific features of public control as a mean of ensuring the realization of the right to health care, taking into account the existing scientific points of view and reasoning. The research materials were scientific works of Ukrainian scholars, analytical materials, political and legal opinion-based journalism, Internet resources and Ukrainian legislation regulating the activities of public control (supervision) in the health care sector. Generally scientific (systemic, structural and functional, comparative, etc.) and specially legal methods of scientific cognition (formal and legal, comparative and legal, method of studying legal practice, etc.) were used in the course of the study. The author has provided characteristics of public control in the health care sector and has formulated own definition of such a control. The author has studied the powers of the subjects of public control in the health care sector, where control over the observance of legislation in the activities of a certain authority or health institution is the main one. It has been noted that the activities of subjects, exercising public control, have the organizational nature and do not lead to legally significant consequences, although they contribute to the implementation of legal forms of ensuring relations in the health care sector. It has been emphasized that the subjects, exercising public control, do not have authoritative powers, but contribute to the realization of civil right to participate in the healthcare management.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Krupnova
- 1Criminal Law and Justice department of International Economics and Humanities University named after Academician Stepan Demianchuk; Ukraine
| | - O Antonova
- 2National Academy of Public Administration under the President of Ukraine, Kyiv; Ukraine
| | - V Kokhan
- 3Scientific and Research Institute of Providing Legal Framework for the Innovative Development of National Academy of Law Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv; Ukraine
| | - I Spivak
- 4National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute»; 5University of State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, Irpin, Ukraine
| | - V Krikun
- 5University of State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, Irpin, Ukraine
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7
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Hamesch K, Mandorfer M, Pereira VM, Moeller LS, Pons M, Dolman GE, Reichert MC, Schneider CV, Woditsch V, Voss J, Lindhauer C, Fromme M, Spivak I, Guldiken N, Zhou B, Arslanow A, Schaefer B, Zoller H, Aigner E, Reiberger T, Wetzel M, Siegmund B, Simões C, Gaspar R, Maia L, Costa D, Bento-Miranda M, van Helden J, Yagmur E, Bzdok D, Stolk J, Gleiber W, Knipel V, Windisch W, Mahadeva R, Bals R, Koczulla R, Barrecheguren M, Miravitlles M, Janciauskiene S, Stickel F, Lammert F, Liberal R, Genesca J, Griffiths WJ, Trauner M, Krag A, Trautwein C, Strnad P. Liver Fibrosis and Metabolic Alterations in Adults With alpha-1-antitrypsin Deficiency Caused by the Pi*ZZ Mutation. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:705-719.e18. [PMID: 31121167 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is among the most common genetic disorders. Severe AATD is caused by a homozygous mutation in the SERPINA1 gene that encodes the Glu342Lys substitution (called the Pi*Z mutation, Pi*ZZ genotype). Pi*ZZ carriers may develop lung and liver diseases. Mutation-associated lung disorders have been well studied, but less is known about the effects in liver. We assessed the liver disease burden and associated features in adults with this form of AATD. METHODS We collected data from 554 Pi*ZZ adults (403 in an exploratory cohort, 151 in a confirmatory cohort), in 9 European countries, with AATD who were homozygous for the Pi*Z mutation, and 234 adults without the Pi*Z mutation (controls), all without pre-existing liver disease. We collected data on demographic parameters, comorbidities, lung- and liver-related health, and blood samples for laboratory analysis. Liver fibrosis was assessed non-invasively via the serum tests Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index and HepaScore and via transient elastography. Liver steatosis was determined via transient elastography-based controlled attenuation parameter. We performed histologic analyses of livers from transgenic mice that overexpress the AATD-associated Pi*Z variant. RESULTS Serum levels of liver enzymes were significantly higher in Pi*ZZ carriers vs controls. Based on non-invasive tests for liver fibrosis, significant fibrosis was suspected in 20%-36% of Pi*ZZ carriers, whereas signs of advanced fibrosis were 9- to 20-fold more common in Pi*ZZ carriers compared to non-carriers. Male sex; age older than 50 years; increased levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, or γ-glutamyl transferase; and low numbers of platelets were associated with higher liver fibrosis burden. We did not find evidence for a relationship between lung function and liver fibrosis. Controlled attenuation parameter ≥280 dB/m, suggesting severe steatosis, was detected in 39% of Pi*ZZ carriers vs 31% of controls. Carriers of Pi*ZZ had lower serum concentrations of triglyceride and low- and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol than controls, suggesting impaired hepatic secretion of lipid. Livers from Pi*Z-overexpressing mice had steatosis and down-regulation of genes involved in lipid secretion. CONCLUSIONS In studies of AATD adults with the Pi*ZZ mutation, and of Pi*Z-overexpressing mice, we found evidence of liver steatosis and impaired lipid secretion. We identified factors associated with significant liver fibrosis in patients, which could facilitate hepatologic assessment and counseling of individuals who carry the Pi*ZZ mutation. ClinicalTrials.gov Number NCT02929940.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Hamesch
- Coordinating Center for Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency-Related Liver Disease of the European Reference Network "Rare Liver" and the European Association for the Study of the Liver Registry Group "Alpha1-Liver," University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mattias Mandorfer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vítor M Pereira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar do Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Linda S Moeller
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Monica Pons
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Grace E Dolman
- Department of Hepatology, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthias C Reichert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Carolin V Schneider
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vivien Woditsch
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jessica Voss
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cecilia Lindhauer
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Malin Fromme
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Igor Spivak
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nurdan Guldiken
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Biaohuan Zhou
- Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anita Arslanow
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schaefer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heinz Zoller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elmar Aigner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Reiberger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wetzel
- Department of Medicine I, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Department of Medicine I, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolina Simões
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Gaspar
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Maia
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dalila Costa
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mário Bento-Miranda
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Josef van Helden
- Medical Care Centre, Dr Stein and Colleagues, Moenchengladbach, Germany
| | - Eray Yagmur
- Medical Care Centre, Dr Stein and Colleagues, Moenchengladbach, Germany
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Jülich Aachen Research Alliance-Brain, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Stolk
- Clinic for Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Gleiber
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Verena Knipel
- Department of Pneumology, Cologne Merheim Hospital, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfram Windisch
- Department of Pneumology, Cologne Merheim Hospital, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ravi Mahadeva
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cambridge National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Medicine V, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rembert Koczulla
- Clinic for Pneumology, Marburg University Hospital, Marburg, Germany; Institute for Pulmonary Rehabilitation Research, Schoen Clinic Berchtesgadener Land, Member of the Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, Schönau am Königssee, Germany
| | - Miriam Barrecheguren
- Department of Pneumology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Miravitlles
- Department of Pneumology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Clinic for Pneumology, German Center for Lung Research, Medical University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Stickel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Liberal
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joan Genesca
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - William J Griffiths
- Department of Hepatology, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Coordinating Center for Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency-Related Liver Disease of the European Reference Network "Rare Liver" and the European Association for the Study of the Liver Registry Group "Alpha1-Liver," University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Coordinating Center for Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency-Related Liver Disease of the European Reference Network "Rare Liver" and the European Association for the Study of the Liver Registry Group "Alpha1-Liver," University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Medical Clinic III, Gastroenterology, Metabolic Diseases and Intensive Care, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Abstract
Telomere measurement by quantitative PCR amplification is a well-known simple method to detect telomere length that involves large numbers of samples. The method has been developed by Cawthon in 2002 (Cawthon, Nucleic Acids Res 30:47e-47, 2002) and remains the most frequently used technique either in original or modified version. Telomere length is estimated by comparing the amount of telomere repeat amplification product (T) to a single copy gene (S) product. The T/S ratio correlates with the average telomere length. Cawthon suggested and recommended the use of 36B4 (RPLP0) as a single copy gene. However, Cawthon's suggestion was no longer considered a single copy gene and the gene was not suitable and appropriate for normalization.We thereby introduced a simple method for relative measurement of average human telomere length using quantitative real-time PCR. Our protocol was based on Cawthon's initial technique (Cawthon, Nucleic Acids Res 30:47e-47, 2002), modified by single-copy gene (SCG) primers and optimized.This technique is rapid, low cost, not demanding on DNA amount (or live cells), and can be used for a high-throughput screening and time monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vasilishina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - A Kropotov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - I Spivak
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - A Bernadotte
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation. .,Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Laboratory of Simple Systems, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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9
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Spivak I, Arora J, Meinzer C, Durkalski-Mauldin V, Lee WM, Trautwein C, Fontana RJ, Strnad P. Low Serum Hepcidin Is Associated With Reduced Short-Term Survival in Adults With Acute Liver Failure. Hepatology 2019; 69:2136-2149. [PMID: 30582749 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The liver has an important role in iron homeostasis through the synthesis of the serum transporter transferrin and the iron hormone hepcidin. The aim of this study was to analyze parameters of iron metabolism in a multicenter cohort of adult patients with acute liver failure (ALF) and in an acetaminophen (APAP)-induced ALF mouse model. A representative subset of 121 adults with ALF (including 66 APAP-related patients) had baseline serum samples tested for ferritin, transferrin, iron, and hepcidin. Outcomes at 3 weeks after enrollment were categorized as spontaneous survivor (SS) versus death/transplantation (NSS). Mice were assessed before (controls) and 4 and 18 hours after injection of 300 mg/kg APAP. Patients with ALF as well as APAP-treated mice displayed increased ferritin and diminished serum hepcidin and hepcidin/ferritin ratio. SS had lower iron (29.1% vs. 34.5 µmol/L; P < 0.05) and transferrin saturation (60.9% vs. 79.1%; P < 0.01), but higher hepcidin levels (8.2 vs. 2.7 ng/mL; P < 0.001) and hepcidin/ferritin ratio (0.0047 vs. 0.0009; P < 0.001) than NSS. In a multivariate analysis, a log-transformed hepcidin-containing model displayed similar prognostic power as the established Acute Liver Failure Study Group index (C-statistic 0.87 vs. 0.85) and was better than Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score (C-statistic 0.76). In mice, hepcidin levels inversely correlated with the surrogate of liver injury. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that several serum iron parameters significantly associate with 3-week outcomes in adults with ALF. Among them, hepcidin decreases early during experimental APAP-induced ALF, is an independent predictor and might be a useful component of future prognostic scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Spivak
- Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jyoti Arora
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Caitlyn Meinzer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | - William M Lee
- UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | | | | | - Pavel Strnad
- Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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10
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Spivak I, Rix A, Schmitz G, Fokong S, Iranzo O, Lederle W, Kiessling F. Low-Dose Molecular Ultrasound Imaging with E-Selectin-Targeted PBCA Microbubbles. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:180-90. [PMID: 26391990 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our objective was to determine the lowest diagnostically effective dose for E-selectin-targeted poly n-butyl cyanoacrylate (PBCA)-shelled microbubbles and to apply it to monitor antiangiogenic therapy effects. PROCEDURES PBCA-shelled microbubbles (MBs) coupled to an E-selectin-specific peptide were applied in mice carrying MLS or A431 carcinoma xenografts scaling down the MB dosage to the lowest level where binding could be examined with a 18-MHz small animal ultrasound transducer. Differences in E-selectin expression in the two carcinoma xenografts were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, MLS tumor-bearing mice under antiangiogenic therapy were monitored using E-selectin-targeted MBs at the lowest applicable dose. Therapy effects on tumor vascularization were verified by immunohistological analyses. RESULTS The minimally required dosage was 7 × 10(7) MBs/kg body weight. This dosage was sufficient to enable E-selectin detection in high E-selectin-expressing MLS tumors, while low E-selectin-expressing A431 tumors required almost 2.5-fold higher doses. At the dose of 7 × 10(7) MBs/kg body weight, a decrease in E-selectin MB binding under antiangiogenic therapy could be assessed (being significant after 3 days of treatment; p < 0.0001), which was in line with the significant drop in E-selectin-positive area fractions that was found histologically (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Molecular ultrasound imaging with our E-selectin-targeted MB and therapy monitoring was possible down to a dose of 7 × 10(7) MBs/kg body weight (equates to 66 μg PBCA/kg and 4.6 mg PBCA/70 kg). Improvements in choice of targets, MB composition, and other MB detection methods may improve sensitivity and lead to reliable detection results of clinically transferrable MBs at even lower dosage levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Spivak
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Rix
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Schmitz
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stanley Fokong
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Olga Iranzo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.,Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Wiltrud Lederle
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. .,Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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11
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Morgan-Warren PJ, O'Neill J, de Cogan F, Spivak I, Ashush H, Kalinski H, Ahmed Z, Berry M, Feinstein E, Scott RAH, Logan A. siRNA-Mediated Knockdown of the mTOR Inhibitor RTP801 Promotes Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and Axon Elongation by Direct and Indirect Mechanisms. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 57:429-43. [PMID: 26848882 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate, using in vivo and in vitro models, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neuroprotective and axon regenerative effects and underlying mechanisms of siRTP801, a translatable small-interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the mTOR negative regulator RTP801. METHODS Adult rats underwent optic nerve (ON) crush (ONC) followed by intravitreal siRTP801 or control siRNA (siEGFP) every 8 days, with Brn3a+ RGC survival, GFAP+ reactive gliosis, and GAP43+ regenerating axons analyzed immunohistochemically 24 days after injury. Retinal cultures, prepared from uninjured animals or 5 days after ONC to activate retinal glia, were treated with siRTP801/controls in the presence/absence of rapamycin and subsequently assessed for RGC survival and neurite outgrowth, RTP801 expression, glial responses, and mTOR activity. Conditioned medium was analyzed for neurotrophin titers by ELISA. RESULTS Intravitreal siRTP801 enabled 82% RGC survival compared to 45% with siEGFP 24 days after ONC, correlated with greater GAP43+ axon regeneration at 400 to 1200 μm beyond the ONC site, and potentiated the reactive GFAP+ Müller glial response. In culture, siRTP801 had a direct RGC neuroprotective effect, but required GFAP+ activated glia to stimulate neurite elongation. The siRTP801-induced neuroprotection was significantly reduced, but not abolished, by rapamycin. The siRTP801 potentiated the production and release of neurotrophins NGF, NT-3, and BDNF, and prevented downregulation of RGC mTOR activity. CONCLUSIONS The RTP801 knockdown promoted RGC survival and axon elongation after ONC, without increasing de novo regenerative sprouting. The neuroprotection was predominantly direct, with mTORC1-dependent and -independent components. Enhanced neurite/axon elongation by siRTP801 required the presence of activated retinal glia and was mediated by potentiated secretion of neurotrophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Morgan-Warren
- Neurotrauma Research Group, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jenna O'Neill
- Neurotrauma Research Group, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom 2Neuregenix Ltd., Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity de Cogan
- Neurotrauma Research Group, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Spivak
- Research Division, Quark Pharmaceuticals, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hagit Ashush
- Research Division, Quark Pharmaceuticals, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hagar Kalinski
- Research Division, Quark Pharmaceuticals, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Neurotrauma Research Group, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Berry
- Neurotrauma Research Group, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Feinstein
- Research Division, Quark Pharmaceuticals, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Robert A H Scott
- Neurotrauma Research Group, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom 4Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom 5Birmingham and Mid
| | - Ann Logan
- Neurotrauma Research Group, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom 2Neuregenix Ltd., Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Hoschke B, Fenske S, Brookman-May S, Spivak I, Gilfrich C, Fritsche HM, Wolff I, May M. Die männliche Zirkumzision ist nicht mit einer höheren Prävalenz der erektilen Dysfunktion assoziiert. Urologe A 2013; 52:562-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-012-3112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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May M, Kalisch R, Hoschke B, Juretzek T, Wagenlehner F, Brookman-Amissah S, Spivak I, Braun KP, Bär W, Helke C. [Detection of papillomavirus DNA in the prostate: a virus with underestimated clinical relevance?]. Urologe A 2008; 47:846-52. [PMID: 18392798 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-008-1694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the most frequent pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases. They have been associated with an increased incidence of several anogenital tumors. Whether oncogenic HPV are involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer has been a subject of great controversy. This study's purpose was to investigate the association between HPV infection and prostate cancer (PCA). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 213 consecutive patients with an average age of 65.7 (+/-8.4) years. Within the framework of transrectal, ultrasonic-guided multibiopsy of the prostate, one additional core was examined by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in relation to bacterial, fungal, and viral (including HPV) DNA, with subsequent DNA sequencing. The collected data were correlated with the histological results and with diverse clinical variables. The influence of several predictors for the existence of PCA was verified with a logistic regression model. RESULTS No general bacterial DNA (16S rDNA) was detected. Of the 213 patients, 145 (68.1%) showed HPV DNA. In 64% (n=137), high-risk HPV DNA were depicted; these were 18% of the total in each case of HPV genotypes 16 and 18. From our examinations, no significant positive correlation existed between the HPV evidence and the histologically verified PCA that was found in 23.5% of the patients (n=50; odds ratio 1.45; 95% confidence interval 0.71-2.91). The BK virus was not found in any of the cores confirmed through PCR. CONCLUSION Although no positive correlation between HPV infection and PCA existed in our study, data from the literature suggest an influence of the papillomavirus on PCA oncogenesis. Future studies should highlight to what extent HPV DNA is inserted in the genome of prostate cells and is able to cause subsequent malignant transformation of particular genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M May
- Urologische Klinik, Carl-Thiem-Klinikum Cottbus, Lehrkrankenhaus der Universitätsklinik Charité zu Berlin, Thiemstrasse 111, 03048 Cottbus, Deutschland.
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Wechsler A, Brafman A, Shafir M, Heverin M, Gottlieb H, Damari G, Gozlan-Kelner S, Spivak I, Moshkin O, Fridman E, Becker Y, Skaliter R, Einat P, Faerman A, Björkhem I, Feinstein E. Generation of Viable Cholesterol-Free Mice. Science 2003; 302:2087. [PMID: 14684813 DOI: 10.1126/science.1090776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Wechsler
- Quark Biotech, Inc., 10265 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Spivak I, Yinon U, Yanko L, Shefer Y. Electrophysiological studies on the effects on single cells of silver electrodes implanted in the visual cortex of cats. Metab Pediatr Syst Ophthalmol (1985) 2001; 21:1-5. [PMID: 11548788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
We have studied whether the presence of an artificial metal conductor in the visual cortex has an effect on the responsiveness pattern of the cells there. The physiological properties of single cells have been characterized in the mammalian primary visual cortex, following the acute and chronic implantation of silver wire electrodes. The Experimental group was Chronic and Acute operated and implanted adult cats. The Control group consisted of operated, but not implanted, adult cats and intact (Normal) adult cats. A sagittal incision was unilaterally made in the primary visual cortex (area 17) and a silver wire was implanted. Single cells were extracellularly recorded in the pre- and postincision regions following anesthesia and paralysis, 4-8 weeks following the implantation in the Chronic and immediately in the Acute group. The responsiveness, ocular dominance, receptive field properties, orientation, and direction selectively of the cells were examined. The responsiveness level was different in the preincision (afferented) regions of all operated groups. I was consistently affected compared with their deafferented region. The main effect was found on the binocularity of cells in all operated groups. The following are the differences found between the preincision and postincision regions. Our findings show that although a metal wire conductor implanted in the mammalian visual cortex has an effect on the efficiency of the cells there, chemically inert metals may serve in the future as artificial conductors in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Spivak
- Goldschleger Eye Res. Inst., Tel-Aviv Univ., Fac. Med., Sheba Med. Ctr., Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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16
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Spivak I, Kolman A. Alteration of p53 protein in C3H/10T1/2 cells morphologically transformed by gamma-rays in stationary phase. Mutat Res 1998; 397:345-52. [PMID: 9541659 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-5107(97)00234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The panel of 70 transformed clones was isolated after exposure of C3H/10T1/2 cells in stationary phase to low-moderate doses (1-4 Gy) of 137Cs gamma-rays. Two widely different dose rates were used: high (HDR, 0.66 Gy/min) and low (LDR, 4.8 x 10(-4) Gy/min). Immunohistochemical analyses were performed by cellular staining with three types of monoclonal anti-p53 antibodies, Ab-1 (PAb421), Ab-3 (PAb240) and Ab-4 (PAb246) in order to identify wild-type and altered conformation of the p53 protein in cell nuclei. The gamma-ray exposure led to induction of altered p53 protein in the majority of morphologically transformed clones. For LDR exposure the percentage of clones with changed p53 protein was 79 (11/14), 71 (12/17) and 100 (6/6) for the exposure doses of 2, 3 and 3.6 Gy, respectively. For HDR exposure the percentage of such clones was 60 (3/5), 40 (4/10) and 87 (13/15) for 1, 2 and 3 Gy, respectively. Moreover, in some transformed clones, especially in those induced by higher gamma-ray doses, p53 protein in cell nuclei was not found. It was demonstrated by lack of the staining with Ab-1 antibody which can detect both mutant and wild-type of p53 protein. An altered conformation of p53 protein was detected, using Ab-3 antibody which does not react with its native conformation, in 27% (18/67) of all radiation-induced clones. A native conformation of p53 protein was recognized by Ab-4 antibody in 33% (10/30) of clones induced by HDR, and in 22% (8/37) of clones induced by LDR exposure. Our study shows that alterations of p53 protein in cell nuclei is a frequent feature of morphological transformations induced by ionizing radiation in C3H/10T1/2 cells, and that these alterations occur independently of dose rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Spivak
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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17
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Chovanec M, Näslund M, Spivak I, Dusinská M, Cedervall B, Kolman A. Rejoining of DNA strand breaks induced by propylene oxide and epichlorohydrin in human diploid fibroblasts. Environ Mol Mutagen 1998; 32:223-228. [PMID: 9814436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The repair kinetics of DNA single- and double-strand breaks (SSBs, DSBs) induced with two carcinogenic epoxides, propylene oxide (PO) and epichlorohydrin (ECH), was studied in human diploid fibroblasts. The methods used were: alkaline DNA unwinding (ADU), the comet assay, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). About 70% of SSBs, measured by ADU, were rejoined after the treatment with 5 mMh and 10 mMh of PO within 20 hr, and the half-life was estimated to be approximately 15 hr. On the other hand, effective rejoining of SSBs after ECH treatment was observed only at a dose of 1 mMh (a half-life of approximately 15 hr), whereas after 2 mMh treatment, only 26% of SSBs could be rejoined within 20 hr. Furthermore, the use of the comet assay demonstrated that DNA strand breaks were effectively rejoined after PO and ECH treatment at doses of 5-10 mMh and 0.5-1 mMh, respectively. About 76% and 83% of DSBs induced by 5 and 10 mMh of PO, respectively, were rejoined within 4 hr after the treatment (a half-life of approximately 2.5 hr), with little further repair thereafter. At lower dose of ECH (1 mMh) a half-life for DSBs rejoining was estimated to be approximately 2 hr; however, only 29% of DSBs were rejoined within 2 hr at the higher dose of 2 mMh. After 18 hr, the rejoining following treatment with a lower dose was negligible. At a higher dose, a rapid accumulation of DSBs was observed, probably as the result of cell death and DNA degradation. The results demonstrate the capability of human diploid fibroblasts to repair DNA SSBs and DSBs at low-to-moderate doses of the epoxides. A weak capacity to rejoin DNA strand breaks induced by higher doses of ECH may be a consequence of its higher DNA alkylation activity and approximately 10 times higher toxicity compared to PO.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chovanec
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Klein A, Zemer R, Manor Y, Shapiro H, Cordoba M, Spivak I, Radnay J. Lymphoma with multi gene rearrangement on the level of immunoglobulin heavy chain, light chains, and T-cell receptor beta chain. Am J Hematol 1997; 56:219-23. [PMID: 9395182 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8652(199712)56:4<219::aid-ajh4>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A unique case with diffuse mixed malignant lymphoma was investigated for gene rearrangement on the level of T-cell receptor (TCR), heavy chain immunoglobulin (Ig), and both light chains. Cell phenotype was examined with immunofluorescence techniques using antibodies against surface immunoglobulins (SIg) and the kappa and lambda light chains. Monoclonal antibodies were used against CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD10, CD19, CD22, HLA-DR, and TdT. Gene rearrangement analysis for monoclonality determination was carried out with restricted DNA (EcoR I and Hind III) hybridized with one of the following 32P-labelled probes: T-cell receptor (TCR beta), immunoglobulin heavy chain (JH), k light chain, and lambda light chain. Phenotyping of the cell population from the excised lymph node (LN) revealed the presence of 66% B-cells and 35% T-cells. Most of the B cells (94%) expressed mu heavy chain only. Expression of both light chains was negligible (k = 7% and lambda = 2%). Gene rearrangement, which indicates monoclonality, was positive on the level of TCR, Ig heavy chain, and both light chains. The data obtained suggests a neoplastic transforming event in lymphoid stem cells, which preceded the subsequent differentiation process into either B or T lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Klein
- Laboratories of Molecular Biology and Hematology, Sapir Medical Centre, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Kfar Saba, Israel
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Spivak I, Yanko L, Yinon U. The effect on physiological properties of single cells of a silver electrode acutely and chronically implanted in the visual cortex of cats. Neurosci Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(97)90199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The induction of DNA strand breaks in human diploid fibroblasts (VH-10) was demonstrated after in vitro exposure with two carcinogenic epoxides, propylene oxide (PO) and epichlorohydrin (ECH). Alkaline DNA unwinding (ADU), pulsed field gel electropharosis (PFGE), and the comet assay were used to measure DNA single. (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs). A dose-dependent increase of DNA strand breaks, measured by ADU, was observed in the dose range 2.5-20 mMh of PO and 0.25-2 mMh of ECH. The dose-response of ECH was about five times higher compared with that of PO (211 vs. 41 SSBs. 100 Mbp-1.mMh-1). The induction rates of DSBs, measured by PFGE, were found to be 18 times higher for ECH compared to PO (4.8 and 0.27 DSBs.100 Mbp-1.mMh-1 for ECH and PO, respectively). Using these two methods, the SSBs/ DSBs ratio was estimated to be 148 for PO and 44 for ECH. The data obtained by the comet assay also demonstrated a dose-dependent ability of PO and ECH to induce DNA damage. It was found that ECH was about six times more effective as an inducer of DNA strand breaks compared to PO (200 and 32x100 Mbp-1.mMh-1 for ECH and PO, respectively). The SSBs/DSBs ratios calculated using comet assay and PFGE data were 125 for ECH and 41 for PO. In addition, ECH is about 10 times more toxic than PO with respect to survival. These properties of ECH can at least in part be explained by its higher chemical reactivity connected with a higher rate of DNA alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kolman
- Department of Radiobiology, Stockholm University, Sweden
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Yinon U, Spivak I. 149 A critical period in visual cortex cells of neonatal cats following lesion: physiological evidence. Int J Dev Neurosci 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0736-5748(96)80338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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