1
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Chien CT, Puhl H, Vogel SS, Molloy JE, Chiu W, Khan S. Hub stability in the calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Commun Biol 2024; 7:766. [PMID: 38918547 PMCID: PMC11199487 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The calcium calmodulin protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a multi-subunit ring assembly with a central hub formed by the association domains. There is evidence for hub polymorphism between and within CaMKII isoforms, but the link between polymorphism and subunit exchange has not been resolved. Here, we present near-atomic resolution cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures revealing that hubs from the α and β isoforms, either standalone or within an β holoenzyme, coexist as 12 and 14 subunit assemblies. Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy of Venus-tagged holoenzymes detects intermediate assemblies and progressive dimer loss due to intrinsic holoenzyme lability, and holoenzyme disassembly into dimers upon mutagenesis of a conserved inter-domain contact. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show the flexibility of 4-subunit precursors, extracted in-silico from the β hub polymorphs, encompassing the curvature of both polymorphs. The MD explains how an open hub structure also obtained from the β holoenzyme sample could be created by dimer loss and analysis of its cryo-EM dataset reveals how the gap could open further. An assembly model, considering dimer concentration dependence and strain differences between polymorphs, proposes a mechanism for intrinsic hub lability to fine-tune the stoichiometry of αβ heterooligomers for their dynamic localization within synapses in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ta Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Henry Puhl
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Quantum Biology, National Institutes on Alcohol, Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 208952, USA
| | - Steven S Vogel
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Quantum Biology, National Institutes on Alcohol, Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 208952, USA
| | - Justin E Molloy
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- CMCB, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Wah Chiu
- Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- CryoEM and Bioimaging Division, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Shahid Khan
- Molecular Biology Consortium @ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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2
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Brown CN, Bayer KU. Studying CaMKII: Tools and standards. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113982. [PMID: 38517893 PMCID: PMC11088445 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a ubiquitous mediator of cellular Ca2+ signals with both enzymatic and structural functions. Here, we briefly introduce the complex regulation of CaMKII and then provide a comprehensive overview of the expanding toolbox to study CaMKII. Beyond a variety of distinct mutants, these tools now include optical methods for measurement and manipulation, with the latter including light-induced inhibition, stimulation, and sequestration. Perhaps most importantly, there are now three mechanistically distinct classes of specific CaMKII inhibitors, and their combined use enables the interrogation of CaMKII functions in a manner that is powerful and sophisticated yet also accessible. This review aims to provide guidelines for the interpretation of the results obtained with these tools, with careful consideration of their direct and indirect effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Nicole Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Karl Ulrich Bayer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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3
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Brooks CL, MacKerell AD, Post CB, Nilsson L. Biomolecular dynamics in the 21st century. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130534. [PMID: 38065235 PMCID: PMC10842176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The relevance of motions in biological macromolecules has been clear since the early structural analyses of proteins by X-ray crystallography. Computer simulations have been applied to provide a deeper understanding of the dynamics of biological macromolecules since 1976, and are now a standard tool in many labs working on the structure and function of biomolecules. In this mini-review we highlight some areas of current interest and active development for simulations, in particular all-atom molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Brooks
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | | | - Carol B Post
- Purdue University, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2091, USA.
| | - Lennart Nilsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden.
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4
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Bolton SC, Thompson DH, Kinzer-Ursem TL. Methods optimization for the expression and purification of human calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0285651. [PMID: 38180986 PMCID: PMC10769071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a complex multifunctional kinase that is highly expressed in central nervous tissues and plays a key regulatory role in the calcium signaling pathway. Despite over 30 years of recombinant expression and characterization studies, CaMKII continues to be investigated for its impact on signaling cooperativity and its ability to bind multiple substrates through its multimeric hub domain. Here we compare and optimize protocols for the generation of full-length wild-type human calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα). Side-by-side comparison of expression and purification in both insect and bacterial systems shows that the insect expression method provides superior yields of the desired autoinhibited CaMKIIα holoenzymes. Utilizing baculovirus insect expression system tools, our results demonstrate a high yield method to produce homogenous, monodisperse CaMKII in its autoinhibited state suitable for biophysical analysis. Advantages and disadvantages of these two expression systems (baculovirus insect cell versus Escherichia coli expression) are discussed, as well as purification optimizations to maximize the enrichment of full-length CaMKII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Bolton
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - David H. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Tamara L. Kinzer-Ursem
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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5
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Walker G, Brown C, Ge X, Kumar S, Muzumdar MD, Gupta K, Bhattacharyya M. Oligomeric organization of membrane proteins from native membranes at nanoscale spatial and single-molecule resolution. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:85-94. [PMID: 38012273 PMCID: PMC10981947 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The oligomeric organization of membrane proteins in native cell membranes is a critical regulator of their function. High-resolution quantitative measurements of oligomeric assemblies and how they change under different conditions are indispensable to understanding membrane protein biology. We report Native-nanoBleach, a total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy-based single-molecule photobleaching step analysis technique to determine the oligomeric distribution of membrane proteins directly from native membranes at an effective spatial resolution of ~10 nm. We achieved this by capturing target membrane proteins in native nanodiscs with their proximal native membrane environment using amphipathic copolymers. We applied Native-nanoBleach to quantify the oligomerization status of structurally and functionally diverse membrane proteins, including a receptor tyrosine kinase (TrkA) and a small GTPase (KRas) under growth-factor binding and oncogenic mutations, respectively. Our data suggest that Native-nanoBleach provides a sensitive, single-molecule platform to quantify membrane protein oligomeric distributions in native membranes under physiologically and clinically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Walker
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline Brown
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiangyu Ge
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mandar D Muzumdar
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, USA
| | - Kallol Gupta
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
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6
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Nicoll RA, Schulman H. Synaptic memory and CaMKII. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2877-2925. [PMID: 37290118 PMCID: PMC10642921 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and long-term potentiation (LTP) were discovered within a decade of each other and have been inextricably intertwined ever since. However, like many marriages, it has had its up and downs. Based on the unique biochemical properties of CaMKII, it was proposed as a memory molecule before any physiological linkage was made to LTP. However, as reviewed here, the convincing linkage of CaMKII to synaptic physiology and behavior took many decades. New technologies were critical in this journey, including in vitro brain slices, mouse genetics, single-cell molecular genetics, pharmacological reagents, protein structure, and two-photon microscopy, as were new investigators attracted by the exciting challenge. This review tracks this journey and assesses the state of this marriage 40 years on. The collective literature impels us to propose a relatively simple model for synaptic memory involving the following steps that drive the process: 1) Ca2+ entry through N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors activates CaMKII. 2) CaMKII undergoes autophosphorylation resulting in constitutive, Ca2+-independent activity and exposure of a binding site for the NMDA receptor subunit GluN2B. 3) Active CaMKII translocates to the postsynaptic density (PSD) and binds to the cytoplasmic C-tail of GluN2B. 4) The CaMKII-GluN2B complex initiates a structural rearrangement of the PSD that may involve liquid-liquid phase separation. 5) This rearrangement involves the PSD-95 scaffolding protein, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs), and their transmembrane AMPAR-regulatory protein (TARP) auxiliary subunits, resulting in an accumulation of AMPARs in the PSD that underlies synaptic potentiation. 6) The stability of the modified PSD is maintained by the stability of the CaMKII-GluN2B complex. 7) By a process of subunit exchange or interholoenzyme phosphorylation CaMKII maintains synaptic potentiation in the face of CaMKII protein turnover. There are many other important proteins that participate in enlargement of the synaptic spine or modulation of the steps that drive and maintain the potentiation. In this review we critically discuss the data underlying each of the steps. As will become clear, some of these steps are more firmly grounded than others, and we provide suggestions as to how the evidence supporting these steps can be strengthened or, based on the new data, be replaced. Although the journey has been a long one, the prospect of having a detailed cellular and molecular understanding of learning and memory is at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Nicoll
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Howard Schulman
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
- Panorama Research Institute, Sunnyvale, California, United States
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7
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Lučić I, Héluin L, Jiang PL, Castro Scalise AG, Wang C, Franz A, Heyd F, Wahl MC, Liu F, Plested AJR. CaMKII autophosphorylation can occur between holoenzymes without subunit exchange. eLife 2023; 12:e86090. [PMID: 37566455 PMCID: PMC10468207 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The dodecameric protein kinase CaMKII is expressed throughout the body. The alpha isoform is responsible for synaptic plasticity and participates in memory through its phosphorylation of synaptic proteins. Its elaborate subunit organization and propensity for autophosphorylation allow it to preserve neuronal plasticity across space and time. The prevailing hypothesis for the spread of CaMKII activity, involving shuffling of subunits between activated and naive holoenzymes, is broadly termed subunit exchange. In contrast to the expectations of previous work, we found little evidence for subunit exchange upon activation, and no effect of restraining subunits to their parent holoenzymes. Rather, mass photometry, crosslinking mass spectrometry, single molecule TIRF microscopy and biochemical assays identify inter-holoenzyme phosphorylation (IHP) as the mechanism for spreading phosphorylation. The transient, activity-dependent formation of groups of holoenzymes is well suited to the speed of neuronal activity. Our results place fundamental limits on the activation mechanism of this kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Lučić
- Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
| | - Léonie Héluin
- Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
| | - Pin-Lian Jiang
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
| | - Alejandro G Castro Scalise
- Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
| | - Cong Wang
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
| | - Andreas Franz
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Florian Heyd
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Markus C Wahl
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Macromolecular CrystallographyBerlinGermany
| | - Fan Liu
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Andrew JR Plested
- Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
- NeuroCure, Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
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8
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Walker G, Brown C, Ge X, Kumar S, Muzumdar MD, Gupta K, Bhattacharyya M. Determination of oligomeric organization of membrane proteins from native membranes at nanoscale-spatial and single-molecule resolution. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.19.529138. [PMID: 36865290 PMCID: PMC9980011 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.19.529138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The oligomeric organization of membrane proteins in native cell membranes is a critical regulator of their function. High-resolution quantitative measurements of oligomeric assemblies and how they change under different conditions are indispensable to the understanding of membrane protein biology. We report a single-molecule imaging technique (Native-nanoBleach) to determine the oligomeric distribution of membrane proteins directly from native membranes at an effective spatial resolution of ∼10 nm. We achieved this by capturing target membrane proteins in "native nanodiscs" with their proximal native membrane environment using amphipathic copolymers. We established this method using structurally and functionally diverse membrane proteins with well-established stoichiometries. We then applied Native-nanoBleach to quantify the oligomerization status of a receptor tyrosine kinase (TrkA) and a small GTPase (KRas) under conditions of growth-factor binding or oncogenic mutations, respectively. Native-nanoBleach provides a sensitive, single-molecule platform to quantify membrane protein oligomeric distributions in native membranes at an unprecedented spatial resolution.
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9
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Calcium/Calmodulin-Stimulated Protein Kinase II (CaMKII): Different Functional Outcomes from Activation, Depending on the Cellular Microenvironment. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030401. [PMID: 36766743 PMCID: PMC9913510 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a family of broad substrate specificity serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) protein kinases widely expressed in many tissues that is capable of mediating diverse functional responses depending on its cellular and molecular microenvironment. This review briefly summarises current knowledge on the structure and regulation of CaMKII and focuses on how the molecular environment, and interaction with binding partner proteins, can produce different populations of CaMKII in different cells, or in different subcellular locations within the same cell, and how these different populations of CaMKII can produce diverse functional responses to activation following an increase in intracellular calcium concentration. This review also explores the possibility that identifying and characterising the molecular interactions responsible for the molecular targeting of CaMKII in different cells in vivo, and identifying the sites on CaMKII and/or the binding proteins through which these interactions occur, could lead to the development of highly selective inhibitors of specific CaMKII-mediated functional responses in specific cells that would not affect CaMKII-mediated responses in other cells. This may result in the development of new pharmacological agents with therapeutic potential for many clinical conditions.
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10
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The CaMKIIα hub ligand Ph-HTBA promotes neuroprotection after focal ischemic stroke by a distinct molecular interaction. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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11
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CaMKIIα as a Promising Drug Target for Ischemic Grey Matter. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121639. [PMID: 36552099 PMCID: PMC9775128 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a major mediator of Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways in various cell types throughout the body. Its neuronal isoform CaMKIIα (alpha) centrally integrates physiological but also pathological glutamate signals directly downstream of glutamate receptors and has thus emerged as a target for ischemic stroke. Previous studies provided evidence for the involvement of CaMKII activity in ischemic cell death by showing that CaMKII inhibition affords substantial neuroprotection. However, broad inhibition of this central kinase is challenging because various essential physiological processes like synaptic plasticity rely on intact CaMKII regulation. Thus, specific strategies for targeting CaMKII after ischemia are warranted which would ideally only interfere with pathological activity of CaMKII. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of how ischemia affects CaMKII and how pathospecific pharmacological targeting of CaMKII signaling could be achieved. Specifically, we discuss direct targeting of CaMKII kinase activity with peptide inhibitors versus indirect targeting of the association (hub) domain of CaMKIIα with analogues of γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) as a potential way to achieve more specific pharmacological modulation of CaMKII activity after ischemia.
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12
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Abstract
Activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) plays a critical role in long-term potentiation (LTP), a long accepted cellular model for learning and memory. However, how LTP and memories survive the turnover of synaptic proteins, particularly CaMKII, remains a mystery. Here, we take advantage of the finding that constitutive Ca2+-independent CaMKII activity, acquired prior to slice preparation, provides a lasting memory trace at synapses. In slice culture, this persistent CaMKII activity, in the absence of Ca2+ stimulation, remains stable over a 2-wk period, well beyond the turnover of CaMKII protein. We propose that the nascent CaMKII protein present at 2 wk acquired its activity from preexisting active CaMKII molecules, which transferred their activity to newly synthesized CaMKII molecules and thus maintain the memory in the face of protein turnover.
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13
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Tone D, Ode KL, Zhang Q, Fujishima H, Yamada RG, Nagashima Y, Matsumoto K, Wen Z, Yoshida SY, Mitani TT, Arisato Y, Ohno RI, Ukai-Tadenuma M, Yoshida Garçon J, Kaneko M, Shi S, Ukai H, Miyamichi K, Okada T, Sumiyama K, Kiyonari H, Ueda HR. Distinct phosphorylation states of mammalian CaMKIIβ control the induction and maintenance of sleep. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001813. [PMID: 36194579 PMCID: PMC9531794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduced sleep duration previously observed in Camk2b knockout mice revealed a role for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)β as a sleep-promoting kinase. However, the underlying mechanism by which CaMKIIβ supports sleep regulation is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that activation or inhibition of CaMKIIβ can increase or decrease sleep duration in mice by almost 2-fold, supporting the role of CaMKIIβ as a core sleep regulator in mammals. Importantly, we show that this sleep regulation depends on the kinase activity of CaMKIIβ. A CaMKIIβ mutant mimicking the constitutive-active (auto)phosphorylation state promotes the transition from awake state to sleep state, while mutants mimicking subsequent multisite (auto)phosphorylation states suppress the transition from sleep state to awake state. These results suggest that the phosphorylation states of CaMKIIβ differently control sleep induction and maintenance processes, leading us to propose a "phosphorylation hypothesis of sleep" for the molecular control of sleep in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tone
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji L. Ode
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujishima
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rikuhiro G. Yamada
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nagashima
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Matsumoto
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zhiqing Wen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Y. Yoshida
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate school of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki T. Mitani
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate school of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Arisato
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei-ichiro Ohno
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Ukai-Tadenuma
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junko Yoshida Garçon
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shoi Shi
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ukai
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunari Miyamichi
- Laboratory for Comparative Connections, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Minato-city, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Sumiyama
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroki R. Ueda
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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14
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Bredow M, Monaghan J. Cross-kingdom regulation of calcium- and/or calmodulin-dependent protein kinases by phospho-switches that relieve autoinhibition. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102251. [PMID: 35767936 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms to sense and respond to calcium have evolved in all organisms. Calmodulin is a universal calcium sensor across eukaryotes that directly binds calcium and associates with many downstream signal transducers including protein kinases. All eukaryotes encode calcium-dependent and/or calmodulin-dependent kinases, however there are distinct protein families across kingdoms. Here, we compare the activation mechanisms of calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs), calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CCaMKs) and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), noting striking similarities regarding phosphorylation in a regulatory segment known as the autoinhibitory junction. We thus propose that conserved regulation by phosphorylation underlies the activation of calcium-responsive proteins from different kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bredow
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA.
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15
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Pourtavakoli A, Ghafouri-Fard S. Calcium signaling in neurodevelopment and pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10811-10823. [PMID: 35857176 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) covers a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with complex genetic background. Several genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, copy number variations and single nucleotide polymorphisms have been reported that cause ASD or modify its phenotype. Among signaling pathways that influence pathogenesis of ASD, calcium signaling has a prominent effect. METHODS We searched PubMed and Google Scholar databases with key words "Calcium signaling" and "Autism spectrum disorder". CONCLUSION This type of signaling has essential roles in the cell physiology. Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are the key organelles involved in this signaling. It is vastly accepted that organellar disorders intensely influence the central nervous system (CNS). Several lines of evidence indicate alterations in the function of calcium channels in polygenic disorders affecting CNS. In the current review, we describe the role of calcium signaling in normal function of CNS and pathophysiology of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Pourtavakoli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Khan S. Conformational spread drives the evolution of the calcium-calmodulin protein kinase II. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8499. [PMID: 35589775 PMCID: PMC9120016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) decodes Ca2+ frequency oscillations. The CaMKIIα isoform is predominantly expressed in the brain and has a central role in learning. I matched residue and organismal evolution with collective motions deduced from the atomic structure of the human CaMKIIα holoenzyme to learn how its ring architecture abets function. Protein dynamic simulations showed its peripheral kinase domains (KDs) are conformationally coupled via lateral spread along the central hub. The underlying β-sheet motions in the hub or association domain (AD) were deconvolved into dynamic couplings based on mutual information. They mapped onto a coevolved residue network to partition the AD into two distinct sectors. A second, energetically stressed sector was added to ancient bacterial enzyme dimers for assembly of the ringed hub. The continued evolution of the holoenzyme after AD–KD fusion targeted the sector’s ring contacts coupled to the KD. Among isoforms, the α isoform emerged last and, it alone, mutated rapidly after the poikilotherm–homeotherm jump to match the evolution of memory. The correlation between dynamics and evolution of the CaMKII AD argues single residue substitutions fine-tune hub conformational spread. The fine-tuning could increase CaMKIIα Ca2+ frequency response range for complex learning functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Khan
- Molecular Biology Consortium, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. .,SBA School of Science and Engineering, LUMS, Lahore, Pakistan. .,Laboratory of Cell Biology, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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17
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Brown CN, Rumian NL, Tullis JE, Coultrap SJ, Bayer KU. Aβ-induced synaptic impairments require CaMKII activity that is stimulated by indirect signaling events. iScience 2022; 25:104368. [PMID: 35620430 PMCID: PMC9127195 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aβ bears homology to the CaMKII regulatory domain, and peptides derived from this domain can bind and disrupt the CaMKII holoenzyme, suggesting that Aβ could have a similar effect. Notably, Aβ impairs the synaptic CaMKII accumulation that is mediated by GluN2B binding, which requires CaMKII assembly into holoenzymes. Furthermore, this Aβ-induced impairment is prevented by CaMKII inhibitors that should also inhibit the putative direct Aβ binding. However, our study did not find any evidence for direct effects of Aβ on CaMKII: Aβ did not directly disrupt CaMKII holoenzymes, GluN2B binding, T286 autophosphorylation, or kinase activity in vitro. Most importantly, in neurons, the Aβ-induced impairment of CaMKII synaptic accumulation was prevented by an ATP-competitive CaMKII inhibitor that would not interfere with the putative direct Aβ binding. Together, our results indicate that synaptic Aβ effects are not mediated by direct binding to CaMKII, but instead require CaMKII activation via indirect signaling events. Aβ and the CaMKII regulatory domain share a region of homology Suppression of CaMKII movement in neurons by Aβ requires CaMKII activity Aβ does not directly affect CaMKII activity, T286 phosphorylation, or GluN2B binding Thus, the Aβ effects on CaMKII in neurons require indirect signaling mechanisms
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18
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Buonarati OR, Miller AP, Coultrap SJ, Bayer KU, Reichow SL. Conserved and divergent features of neuronal CaMKII holoenzyme structure, function, and high-order assembly. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110168. [PMID: 34965414 PMCID: PMC8985225 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal CaMKII holoenzymes (α and β isoforms) enable molecular signal computation underlying learning and memory but also mediate excitotoxic neuronal death. Here, we provide a comparative analysis of these signaling devices, using single-particle electron microscopy (EM) in combination with biochemical and live-cell imaging studies. In the basal state, both isoforms assemble mainly as 12-mers (but also 14-mers and even 16-mers for the β isoform). CaMKIIα and β isoforms adopt an ensemble of extended activatable states (with average radius of 12.6 versus 16.8 nm, respectively), characterized by multiple transient intra- and inter-holoenzyme interactions associated with distinct functional properties. The extended state of CaMKIIβ allows direct resolution of intra-holoenzyme kinase domain dimers. These dimers could enable cooperative activation by calmodulin, which is observed for both isoforms. High-order CaMKII clustering mediated by inter-holoenzyme kinase domain dimerization is reduced for the β isoform for both basal and excitotoxicity-induced clusters, both in vitro and in neurons. The CaMKII holoenzyme enables neuronal signal computation. In a comparative structure-function analysis of the neuronal α and β isoforms, Buonarati et al. find evidence for kinase domain dimers within the holoenzyme that enable a cooperative activation mechanism in both isoforms and inter-holoenzyme interactions that enable high-order aggregate formation under ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R Buonarati
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Adam P Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Steven J Coultrap
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - K Ulrich Bayer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Steve L Reichow
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
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19
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GHB analogs confer neuroprotection through specific interaction with the CaMKIIα hub domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108079118. [PMID: 34330837 PMCID: PMC8346900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108079118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
GHB is a natural brain metabolite of GABA, previously reported to be neuroprotective. However, the high-affinity binding site for GHB has remained elusive for almost 40 y. We here unveil CaMKIIα, a highly important neuronal kinase, as the long-sought-after GHB high-affinity target. Via a specific interaction within the central hub domain of CaMKIIα, GHB analogs act to stabilize the hub oligomer complex. This interaction potentially explains pronounced neuroprotective effects of GHB analogs in cultured neurons exposed to a chemical insult and in mice exposed to ischemia. The postischemic treatment effects of GHB analogs underline these compounds as selective and high-affinity potential drug candidates and CaMKIIα as a relevant pharmacological target for stroke therapy. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha subunit (CaMKIIα) is a key neuronal signaling protein and an emerging drug target. The central hub domain regulates the activity of CaMKIIα by organizing the holoenzyme complex into functional oligomers, yet pharmacological modulation of the hub domain has never been demonstrated. Here, using a combination of photoaffinity labeling and chemical proteomics, we show that compounds related to the natural substance γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) bind selectively to CaMKIIα. By means of a 2.2-Å x-ray crystal structure of ligand-bound CaMKIIα hub, we reveal the molecular details of the binding site deep within the hub. Furthermore, we show that binding of GHB and related analogs to this site promotes concentration-dependent increases in hub thermal stability believed to alter holoenzyme functionality. Selectively under states of pathological CaMKIIα activation, hub ligands provide a significant and sustained neuroprotection, which is both time and dose dependent. This is demonstrated in neurons exposed to excitotoxicity and in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia with the selective GHB analog, HOCPCA (3-hydroxycyclopent-1-enecarboxylic acid). Together, our results indicate a hitherto unknown mechanism for neuroprotection by a highly specific and unforeseen interaction between the CaMKIIα hub domain and small molecule brain-penetrant GHB analogs. This establishes GHB analogs as powerful tools for investigating CaMKII neuropharmacology in general and as potential therapeutic compounds for cerebral ischemia in particular.
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20
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The role of CaMKII autophosphorylation for NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic potentiation. Neuropharmacology 2021; 193:108616. [PMID: 34051268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Potentiation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission is thought to underlie memory. The induction of this synaptic potentiation relies on activation of NMDA receptors which allows for calcium influx into the post-synapse. A key mechanistic question for the understanding of synaptic potentiation is what signaling is activated by the calcium influx. Here, I review evidences that at mature synapses the elevated calcium levels activate primarily calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and cause its autophophorylation. CaMKII autophosphorylation leads to calcium-independent activity of the kinase, so that kinase signaling can outlast NMDA receptor-dependent calcium influx. Prolonged CaMKII signaling induces downstream signaling for AMPA receptor trafficking into the post-synaptic density and causes structural enlargement of the synapse. Interestingly, however, CaMKII autophosphorylation does not have such an essential role in NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic potentiation in early postnatal development and in adult dentate gyrus, where neurogenesis occurs. Additionally, in old age memory-relevant NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity appears to be due to generation of multi-innervated dendritic spines, which does not require CaMKII autophosphorylation. In conclusion, CaMKII autophosphorylation has a conditional role in the induction of NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic potentiation.
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21
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Duran J, Nickel L, Estrada M, Backs J, van den Hoogenhof MMG. CaMKIIδ Splice Variants in the Healthy and Diseased Heart. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:644630. [PMID: 33777949 PMCID: PMC7991079 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.644630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing has been recognized in recent years as a pivotal player in heart development and disease. The Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II delta (CaMKIIδ) is a multifunctional Ser/Thr kinase family and generates at least 11 different splice variants through alternative splicing. This enzyme, which belongs to the CaMKII family, is the predominant family member in the heart and functions as a messenger toward adaptive or detrimental signaling in cardiomyocytes. Classically, the nuclear CaMKIIδB and cytoplasmic CaMKIIδC splice variants are described as mediators of arrhythmias, contractile function, Ca2+ handling, and gene transcription. Recent findings also put CaMKIIδA and CaMKIIδ9 as cardinal players in the global CaMKII response in the heart. In this review, we discuss and summarize the new insights into CaMKIIδ splice variants and their (proposed) functions, as well as CaMKII-engineered mouse phenotypes and cardiac dysfunction related to CaMKIIδ missplicing. We also discuss RNA splicing factors affecting CaMKII splicing. Finally, we discuss the translational perspective derived from these insights and future directions on CaMKIIδ splicing research in the healthy and diseased heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Duran
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lennart Nickel
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Estrada
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Johannes Backs
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maarten M G van den Hoogenhof
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Halder A, Anto A, Subramanyan V, Bhattacharyya M, Vishveshwara S, Vishveshwara S. Surveying the Side-Chain Network Approach to Protein Structure and Dynamics: The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein as an Illustrative Case. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:596945. [PMID: 33392257 PMCID: PMC7775578 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.596945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Network theory-based approaches provide valuable insights into the variations in global structural connectivity between different dynamical states of proteins. Our objective is to review network-based analyses to elucidate such variations, especially in the context of subtle conformational changes. We present technical details of the construction and analyses of protein structure networks, encompassing both the non-covalent connectivity and dynamics. We examine the selection of optimal criteria for connectivity based on the physical concept of percolation. We highlight the advantages of using side-chain-based network metrics in contrast to backbone measurements. As an illustrative example, we apply the described network approach to investigate the global conformational changes between the closed and partially open states of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. These conformational changes in the spike protein is crucial for coronavirus entry and fusion into human cells. Our analysis reveals global structural reorientations between the two states of the spike protein despite small changes between the two states at the backbone level. We also observe some differences at strategic locations in the structures, correlating with their functions, asserting the advantages of the side-chain network analysis. Finally, we present a view of allostery as a subtle synergistic-global change between the ligand and the receptor, the incorporation of which would enhance drug design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Halder
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Arinnia Anto
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Varsha Subramanyan
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | | | - Smitha Vishveshwara
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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23
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Karandur D, Bhattacharyya M, Xia Z, Lee YK, Muratcioglu S, McAffee D, McSpadden ED, Qiu B, Groves JT, Williams ER, Kuriyan J. Breakage of the oligomeric CaMKII hub by the regulatory segment of the kinase. eLife 2020; 9:57784. [PMID: 32902386 PMCID: PMC7538161 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is an oligomeric enzyme with crucial roles in neuronal signaling and cardiac function. Previously, we showed that activation of CaMKII triggers the exchange of subunits between holoenzymes, potentially increasing the spread of the active state (Stratton et al., 2014; Bhattacharyya et al., 2016). Using mass spectrometry, we show now that unphosphorylated and phosphorylated peptides derived from the CaMKII-α regulatory segment bind to the CaMKII-α hub and break it into smaller oligomers. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the regulatory segments dock spontaneously at the interface between hub subunits, trapping large fluctuations in hub structure. Single-molecule fluorescence intensity analysis of CaMKII-α expressed in mammalian cells shows that activation of CaMKII-α results in the destabilization of the holoenzyme. Our results suggest that release of the regulatory segment by activation and phosphorylation allows it to destabilize the hub, producing smaller assemblies that might reassemble to form new holoenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Karandur
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Moitrayee Bhattacharyya
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Zijie Xia
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Young Kwang Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Serena Muratcioglu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Darren McAffee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Ethan D McSpadden
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Baiyu Qiu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Jay T Groves
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
| | - Evan R Williams
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - John Kuriyan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
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