1
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Gupta S, Swoger M, Saldanha R, Schwarz JM, Patteson AE. Reorganizing chromatin by cellular deformation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 90:102408. [PMID: 39121805 PMCID: PMC11392642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Biologists have the capability to edit a genome at the nanometer scale and then observe whether or not the edit affects the structure of a developing organ or organism at the centimeter scale. Our understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving this emergent phenomenon from a multiscale perspective remains incomplete. This review focuses predominantly on recent experimental developments in uncovering the mechanical interplay between the chromatin and cell scale since mechanics plays a major role in determining nuclear, cellular, and tissue structure. Here, we discuss the generation and transmission of forces through the cytoskeleton, affecting chromatin diffusivity and organization. Decoding such pieces of these multiscale connections lays the groundwork for solving the genotype-to-phenotype puzzle in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Gupta
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maxx Swoger
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Renita Saldanha
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - J M Schwarz
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Indian Creek Farm, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Alison E Patteson
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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2
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Meng X, Zhu Y, Tan H, Daraqel B, Ming Y, Li X, Yang G, He X, Song J, Zheng L. The cytoskeleton dynamics-dependent LINC complex in periodontal ligament stem cells transmits mechanical stress to the nuclear envelope and promotes YAP nuclear translocation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:284. [PMID: 39243052 PMCID: PMC11380336 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are important seed cells in tissue engineering and clinical applications. They are the priority receptor cells for sensing various mechanical stresses. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a recognized mechanically sensitive transcription factor. However, the role of YAP in regulating the fate of PDLSCs under tension stress (TS) and its underlying mechanism is still unclear. METHODS The effects of TS on the morphology and fate of PDLSCs were investigated using fluorescence staining, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and gene knockdown experiments were performed to investigate the expression and distribution of YAP and its correlation with PDLSCs proliferation. The effects of cytoskeleton dynamics on YAP nuclear translocation were subsequently explored by adding cytoskeleton inhibitors. The effect of cytoskeleton dynamics on the expression of the LINC complex was proved through qRT-PCR and western blotting. After destroying the LINC complex by adenovirus, the effects of the LINC complex on YAP nuclear translocation and PDLSCs proliferation were investigated. Mitochondria-related detections were then performed to explore the role of mitochondria in YAP nuclear translocation. Finally, the in vitro results were verified by constructing orthodontic tooth movement models in Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS TS enhanced the polymerization and stretching of F-actin, which upregulated the expression of the LINC complex. This further strengthened the pull on the nuclear envelope, enlarged the nuclear pore, and facilitated YAP's nuclear entry, thus enhancing the expression of proliferation-related genes. In this process, mitochondria were transported to the periphery of the nucleus along the reconstructed microtubules. They generated ATP to aid YAP's nuclear translocation and drove F-actin polymerization to a certain degree. When the LINC complex was destroyed, the nuclear translocation of YAP was inhibited, which limited PDLSCs proliferation, impeded periodontal tissue remodeling, and hindered tooth movement. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed that appropriate TS could promote PDLSCs proliferation and periodontal tissue remodeling through the mechanically driven F-actin/LINC complex/YAP axis, which could provide theoretical guidance for seed cell expansion and for promoting healthy and effective tooth movement in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehuan Meng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Hao Tan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Baraa Daraqel
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Oral Health Research and Promotion Unit, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Ye Ming
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Guoyin Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Xinyi He
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China.
| | - Leilei Zheng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China.
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3
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Tang X, Wang J, Chen J, Liu W, Qiao P, Quan H, Li Z, Dang E, Wang G, Shao S. Epidermal stem cells: skin surveillance and clinical perspective. J Transl Med 2024; 22:779. [PMID: 39169334 PMCID: PMC11340167 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin epidermis is continually influenced by a myriad of internal and external elements. At its basal layer reside epidermal stem cells, which fuels epidermal renovation and hair regeneration with powerful self-renewal ability, as well as keeping diverse signals that direct their activity under surveillance with quick response. The importance of epidermal stem cells in wound healing and immune-related skin conditions has been increasingly recognized, and their potential for clinical applications is attracting attention. In this review, we delve into recent advancements and the various physiological and psychological factors that govern distinct epidermal stem cell populations, including psychological stress, mechanical forces, chronic aging, and circadian rhythm, as well as providing an overview of current methodological approaches. Furthermore, we discuss the pathogenic role of epidermal stem cells in immune-related skin disorders and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Jiaoling Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Wanting Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Pei Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Huiyi Quan
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China.
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China.
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4
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Vivo M, Rosti V, Cervone S, Lanzuolo C. Chromatin plasticity in mechanotransduction. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 88:102376. [PMID: 38810318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms can detect and respond to physical forces at the cellular level. The pathways that transmit these forces to the nucleus allow cells to react quickly and consistently to environmental changes. Mechanobiology involves the interaction between physical forces and biological processes and is crucial for driving embryonic development and adapting to environmental cues during adulthood. Molecular studies have shown that cells can sense mechanical signals directly through membrane receptors linked to the cytoskeleton or indirectly through biochemical cascades that can influence gene expression for environmental adaptation. This review will explore the role of epigenetic modifications, emphasizing the 3D genome architecture and nuclear structures as responders to mechanical stimuli, which ensure cellular memory and adaptability. Understanding how mechanical cues are transduced and regulate cell functioning, governing processes such as cell programming and reprogramming, is essential for advancing our knowledge of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vivo
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Valentina Rosti
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy; INGM Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Cervone
- INGM Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzuolo
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy; INGM Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy.
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5
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Przyklenk M, Karmacharya S, Bonasera D, Pasanen-Zentz AL, Kmoch S, Paulsson M, Wagener R, Liccardi G, Schiavinato A. ANTXR1 deficiency promotes fibroblast senescence: implications for GAPO syndrome as a progeroid disorder. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9321. [PMID: 38653789 PMCID: PMC11039612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
ANTXR1 is one of two cell surface receptors mediating the uptake of the anthrax toxin into cells. Despite substantial research on its role in anthrax poisoning and a proposed function as a collagen receptor, ANTXR1's physiological functions remain largely undefined. Pathogenic variants in ANTXR1 lead to the rare GAPO syndrome, named for its four primary features: Growth retardation, Alopecia, Pseudoanodontia, and Optic atrophy. The disease is also associated with a complex range of other phenotypes impacting the cardiovascular, skeletal, pulmonary and nervous systems. Aberrant accumulation of extracellular matrix components and fibrosis are considered to be crucial components in the pathogenesis of GAPO syndrome, contributing to the shortened life expectancy of affected individuals. Nonetheless, the specific mechanisms connecting ANTXR1 deficiency to the clinical manifestations of GAPO syndrome are largely unexplored. In this study, we present evidence that ANTXR1 deficiency initiates a senescent phenotype in human fibroblasts, correlating with defects in nuclear architecture and actin dynamics. We provide novel insights into ANTXR1's physiological functions and propose GAPO syndrome to be reconsidered as a progeroid disorder highlighting an unexpected role for an integrin-like extracellular matrix receptor in human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Przyklenk
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shreya Karmacharya
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Debora Bonasera
- Genetic Instability, Cell Death and Inflammation Laboratory, Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arthur-Lauri Pasanen-Zentz
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kmoch
- Research Unit of Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mats Paulsson
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raimund Wagener
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gianmaria Liccardi
- Genetic Instability, Cell Death and Inflammation Laboratory, Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alvise Schiavinato
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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6
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Niraula D, El Naqa I, Tuszynski JA, Gatenby RA. Modeling non-genetic information dynamics in cells using reservoir computing. iScience 2024; 27:109614. [PMID: 38632985 PMCID: PMC11022048 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Virtually all cells use energy-driven, ion-specific membrane pumps to maintain large transmembrane gradients of Na+, K+, Cl-, Mg++, and Ca++, but the corresponding evolutionary benefit remains unclear. We propose that these gradients enable a dynamic and versatile biological system that acquires, analyzes, and responds to environmental information. We hypothesize that environmental signals are transmitted into the cell by ion fluxes along pre-existing gradients through gated ion-specific membrane channels. The consequent changes in cytoplasmic ion concentration can generate a local response or orchestrate global/regional cellular dynamics through wire-like ion fluxes along pre-existing and self-assembling cytoskeleton to engage the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Niraula
- Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Issam El Naqa
- Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jack Adam Tuszynski
- Departments of Physics and Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin 10129, Italy
| | - Robert A. Gatenby
- Departments of Radiology and Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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7
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Biggs LC, Miroshnikova YA. Nuclear mechanotransduction on skin stem cell fate regulation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 87:102328. [PMID: 38340567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian skin is a highly dynamic and regenerative organ that has long been recognized as a mechanically active composite of tissues withstanding daily compressive and tensile forces that arise from body movement. Importantly, cell- and tissue-scale mechanical signals are critical regulators of skin morphogenesis and homeostasis. These signals are sensed at the cellular periphery and transduced by mechanosensitive proteins within the plasma membrane to the cytoskeletal networks, and eventually into the nucleus to regulate chromatin organization and gene expression. The role of each of these nodes in producing a coherent mechanoresponse at both cell- and tissue-scales is emerging. Here we focus on the key cytoplasmic and nuclear mechanosensitive structures that are critical for the mammalian skin development and homeostatic maintenance. We propose that the mechanical state of the skin, in particular of its nuclear compartment, is a critical rheostat that fine-tunes developmental and homeostatic processes essential for the proper function of the organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Biggs
- Department of Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Yekaterina A Miroshnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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8
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Warner H, Franciosa G, van der Borg G, Coenen B, Faas F, Koenig C, de Boer R, Classens R, Maassen S, Baranov MV, Mahajan S, Dabral D, Bianchi F, van Hilten N, Risselada HJ, Roos WH, Olsen JV, Cano LQ, van den Bogaart G. Atypical cofilin signaling drives dendritic cell migration through the extracellular matrix via nuclear deformation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113866. [PMID: 38416638 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
To mount an adaptive immune response, dendritic cells must migrate to lymph nodes to present antigens to T cells. Critical to 3D migration is the nucleus, which is the size-limiting barrier for migration through the extracellular matrix. Here, we show that inflammatory activation of dendritic cells leads to the nucleus becoming spherically deformed and enables dendritic cells to overcome the typical 2- to 3-μm diameter limit for 3D migration through gaps in the extracellular matrix. We show that the nuclear shape change is partially attained through reduced cell adhesion, whereas improved 3D migration is achieved through reprogramming of the actin cytoskeleton. Specifically, our data point to a model whereby the phosphorylation of cofilin-1 at serine 41 drives the assembly of a cofilin-actomyosin ring proximal to the nucleus and enhances migration through 3D collagen gels. In summary, these data describe signaling events through which dendritic cells deform their nucleus and enhance their migratory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Warner
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Giulia Franciosa
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guus van der Borg
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Britt Coenen
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Felix Faas
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Claire Koenig
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rinse de Boer
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - René Classens
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjors Maassen
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maksim V Baranov
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Shweta Mahajan
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Deepti Dabral
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans Bianchi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niek van Hilten
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Herre Jelger Risselada
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wouter H Roos
- Molecular Biophysics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jesper Velgaard Olsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laia Querol Cano
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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9
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Hachem Z, Hadrian C, Aldbaisi L, Alkaabi M, Wan LQ, Fan J. Asymmetrical positioning of cell organelles reflects the cell chirality of mouse myoblast cells. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:016119. [PMID: 38495528 PMCID: PMC10942803 DOI: 10.1063/5.0189401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell chirality is crucial for the chiral morphogenesis of biological tissues, yet its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Cell organelle polarization along multiple axes in a cell body, namely, apical-basal, front-rear, and left-right, is known to direct cell behavior such as orientation, rotation, and migration. Among these axes, the left-right bias holds significant sway in determining the chiral directionality of these behaviors. Normally, mouse myoblast (C2C12) cells exhibit a strong counterclockwise chirality on a ring-shaped micropattern, whereas they display a clockwise dominant chirality under Latrunculin A treatment. To investigate the relationship between multicellular chirality and organelle positioning in single cells, we studied the left-right positioning of cell organelles under distinct cell chirality in single cells via micropatterning technique, fluorescent microscopy, and imaging analysis. We found that on a "T"-shaped micropattern, a C2C12 cell adopts a triangular shape, with its nucleus-centrosome axis pointing toward the top-right direction of the "T." Several other organelles, including the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, actin filaments, and microtubules, showed a preference to polarize on one side of the axis, indicating the universality of the left-right asymmetrical organelle positioning. Interestingly, upon reversing cell chirality with Latrunculin A, the organelles correspondingly reversed their left-right positioning bias, as suggested by the consistently biased metabolism and contractile properties at the leading edge. This left-right asymmetry in organelle positioning may help predict cell migration direction and serve as a potential marker for identifying cell chirality in biological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Hachem
- Department of Natural Sciences, CASL, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, USA
| | - Courtney Hadrian
- Department of Natural Sciences, CASL, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, USA
| | - Lina Aldbaisi
- Department of Natural Sciences, CASL, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, USA
| | - Muslim Alkaabi
- Department of Natural Sciences, CASL, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, USA
| | | | - Jie Fan
- Department of Natural Sciences, CASL, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, USA
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10
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Fenelon KD, Krause J, Koromila T. Opticool: Cutting-edge transgenic optical tools. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011208. [PMID: 38517915 PMCID: PMC10959397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Only a few short decades have passed since the sequencing of GFP, yet the modern repertoire of transgenically encoded optical tools implies an exponential proliferation of ever improving constructions to interrogate the subcellular environment. A myriad of tags for labeling proteins, RNA, or DNA have arisen in the last few decades, facilitating unprecedented visualization of subcellular components and processes. Development of a broad array of modern genetically encoded sensors allows real-time, in vivo detection of molecule levels, pH, forces, enzyme activity, and other subcellular and extracellular phenomena in ever expanding contexts. Optogenetic, genetically encoded optically controlled manipulation systems have gained traction in the biological research community and facilitate single-cell, real-time modulation of protein function in vivo in ever broadening, novel applications. While this field continues to explosively expand, references are needed to assist scientists seeking to use and improve these transgenic devices in new and exciting ways to interrogate development and disease. In this review, we endeavor to highlight the state and trajectory of the field of in vivo transgenic optical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli D. Fenelon
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
| | - Julia Krause
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
| | - Theodora Koromila
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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Li YY, Ji SF, Fu XB, Jiang YF, Sun XY. Biomaterial-based mechanical regulation facilitates scarless wound healing with functional skin appendage regeneration. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:13. [PMID: 38369464 PMCID: PMC10874556 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Scar formation resulting from burns or severe trauma can significantly compromise the structural integrity of skin and lead to permanent loss of skin appendages, ultimately impairing its normal physiological function. Accumulating evidence underscores the potential of targeted modulation of mechanical cues to enhance skin regeneration, promoting scarless repair by influencing the extracellular microenvironment and driving the phenotypic transitions. The field of skin repair and skin appendage regeneration has witnessed remarkable advancements in the utilization of biomaterials with distinct physical properties. However, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains somewhat elusive, limiting the broader application of these innovations. In this review, we present two promising biomaterial-based mechanical approaches aimed at bolstering the regenerative capacity of compromised skin. The first approach involves leveraging biomaterials with specific biophysical properties to create an optimal scarless environment that supports cellular activities essential for regeneration. The second approach centers on harnessing mechanical forces exerted by biomaterials to enhance cellular plasticity, facilitating efficient cellular reprogramming and, consequently, promoting the regeneration of skin appendages. In summary, the manipulation of mechanical cues using biomaterial-based strategies holds significant promise as a supplementary approach for achieving scarless wound healing, coupled with the restoration of multiple skin appendage functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shuai-Fei Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Jiang
- Department of Tissue Regeneration and Wound Repair, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China.
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12
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King MC. Dynamic regulation of LINC complex composition and function across tissues and contexts. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2823-2832. [PMID: 37846646 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The concept of mechanotransduction to the nucleus through a direct force transmission mechanism has fascinated cell biologists for decades. Central to such a mechanism is the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, which spans the nuclear envelope to couple the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton to the nuclear lamina. In reality, there is not one LINC complex identity, but instead, a family of protein configurations of varied composition that exert both shared and unique functions. Regulated expression of LINC complex components, splice variants, and mechanoresponsive protein turnover mechanisms together shape the complement of LINC complex forms present in a given cell type. Disrupting specific gene(s) encoding LINC complex components therefore gives rise to a range of organismal defects. Moreover, evidence suggests that the mechanical environment remodels LINC complexes, providing a feedback mechanism by which cellular context influences the integration of the nucleus into the cytoskeleton. In particular, evidence for crosstalk between the nuclear and cytoplasmic intermediate filament networks communicated through the LINC complex represents an emerging theme in this active area of ongoing investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C King
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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13
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Sharma R, Hetzer MW. Disulfide bond in SUN2 regulates dynamic remodeling of LINC complexes at the nuclear envelope. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302031. [PMID: 37188462 PMCID: PMC10193101 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The LINC complex tethers the cell nucleus to the cytoskeleton to regulate mechanical forces during cell migration, differentiation, and various diseases. The function of LINC complexes relies on the interaction between highly conserved SUN and KASH proteins that form higher-order assemblies capable of load bearing. These structural details have emerged from in vitro assembled LINC complexes; however, the principles of in vivo assembly remain obscure. Here, we report a conformation-specific SUN2 antibody as a tool to visualize LINC complex dynamics in situ. Using imaging, biochemical, and cellular methods, we find that conserved cysteines in SUN2 undergo KASH-dependent inter- and intra-molecular disulfide bond rearrangements. Disruption of the SUN2 terminal disulfide bond compromises SUN2 localization, turnover, LINC complex assembly in addition to cytoskeletal organization and cell migration. Moreover, using pharmacological and genetic perturbations, we identify components of the ER lumen as SUN2 cysteines redox state regulators. Overall, we provide evidence for SUN2 disulfide bond rearrangement as a physiologically relevant structural modification that regulates LINC complex functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sharma
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martin W Hetzer
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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14
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Danielsson BE, George Abraham B, Mäntylä E, Cabe JI, Mayer CR, Rekonen A, Ek F, Conway DE, Ihalainen TO. Nuclear lamina strain states revealed by intermolecular force biosensor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3867. [PMID: 37391402 PMCID: PMC10313699 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins have been considered an important structural element of the nucleus. The nuclear lamina is thought both to shield DNA from excessive mechanical forces and to transmit mechanical forces onto the DNA. However, to date there is not yet a technical approach to directly measure mechanical forces on nuclear lamins at the protein level. To overcome this limitation, we developed a nanobody-based intermolecular tension FRET biosensor capable of measuring the mechanical strain of lamin filaments. Using this sensor, we were able to show that the nuclear lamina is subjected to significant force. These forces are dependent on nuclear volume, actomyosin contractility, functional LINC complex, chromatin condensation state, cell cycle, and EMT. Interestingly, large forces were also present on nucleoplasmic lamins, indicating that these lamins may also have an important mechanical role in the nucleus. Overall, we demonstrate that the nanobody-based approach allows construction of biosensors for complex protein structures for mechanobiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Danielsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Bobin George Abraham
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Mäntylä
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jolene I Cabe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Carl R Mayer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Anna Rekonen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Frans Ek
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Daniel E Conway
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
| | - Teemu O Ihalainen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Tampere Institute for Advanced Study, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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15
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Hallström GF, Jones DL, Locke RC, Bonnevie ED, Kim SY, Laforest L, Garcia DC, Mauck RL. Microenvironmental mechanoactivation through Yap/Taz suppresses chondrogenic gene expression. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar73. [PMID: 37043309 PMCID: PMC10295477 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-12-0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte phenotype is preserved when cells are round and the actin cytoskeleton is cortical. Conversely, these cells rapidly dedifferentiate in vitro with increased mechanoactive Rho signaling, which increases cell size and causes large actin stress fiber to form. While the effects of Rho on chondrocyte phenotype are well established, the molecular mechanism is not yet fully elucidated. Yap, a transcriptional coregulator, is regulated by Rho in a mechanotransductive manner and can suppress chondrogenesis in vivo. Here, we sought to elucidate the relationship between mechanoactive Rho and Yap on chondrogenic gene expression. We first show that decreasing mechanoactive state through Rho inhibition results in a broad increase in chondrogenic gene expression. Next, we show that Yap and its coregulator Taz are negative regulators of chondrogenic gene expression, and removal of these factors promotes chondrogenesis even in environments that promote cell spreading. Finally, we establish that Yap/Taz is essential for translating Rho-mediated signals to negatively regulate chondrogenic gene expression, and that its removal negates the effects of increased Rho signaling. Together, these data indicate that Rho is a mechanoregulator of chondrogenic differentiation, and that its impact on chondrogenic expression is exerted principally through mechanically induced translocation and activity of Yap and Taz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grey F. Hallström
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dakota L. Jones
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Ryan C. Locke
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Edward D. Bonnevie
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sung Yeon Kim
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lorielle Laforest
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Diana Cruz Garcia
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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16
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Antoku S, Schwartz TU, Gundersen GG. FHODs: Nuclear tethered formins for nuclear mechanotransduction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1160219. [PMID: 37215084 PMCID: PMC10192571 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1160219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss FHOD formins with a focus on recent studies that reveal a new role for them as critical links for nuclear mechanotransduction. The FHOD family in vertebrates comprises two structurally related proteins, FHOD1 and FHOD3. Their similar biochemical properties suggest overlapping and redundant functions. FHOD1 is widely expressed, FHOD3 less so, with highest expression in skeletal (FHOD1) and cardiac (FHOD3) muscle where specific splice isoforms are expressed. Unlike other formins, FHODs have strong F-actin bundling activity and relatively weak actin polymerization activity. These activities are regulated by phosphorylation by ROCK and Src kinases; bundling is additionally regulated by ERK1/2 kinases. FHODs are unique among formins in their association with the nuclear envelope through direct, high affinity binding to the outer nuclear membrane proteins nesprin-1G and nesprin-2G. Recent crystallographic structures reveal an interaction between a conserved motif in one of the spectrin repeats (SRs) of nesprin-1G/2G and a site adjacent to the regulatory domain in the amino terminus of FHODs. Nesprins are components of the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex that spans both nuclear membranes and mediates bidirectional transmission of mechanical forces between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton. FHODs interact near the actin-binding calponin homology (CH) domains of nesprin-1G/2G enabling a branched connection to actin filaments that presumably strengthens the interaction. At the cellular level, the tethering of FHODs to the outer nuclear membrane mechanically couples perinuclear actin arrays to the nucleus to move and position it in fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes, and potentially other cells. FHODs also function in adhesion maturation during cell migration and in the generation of sarcomeres, activities distant from the nucleus but that are still influenced by it. Human genetic studies have identified multiple FHOD3 variants linked to dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, with many mutations mapping to "hot spots" in FHOD3 domains. We discuss how FHOD1/3's role in reinforcing the LINC complex and connecting to perinuclear actin contributes to functions of mechanically active tissues such as striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Antoku
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas U. Schwartz
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Gregg G. Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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17
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Buglak DB, Bougaran P, Kulikauskas MR, Liu Z, Monaghan-Benson E, Gold AL, Marvin AP, Burciu A, Tanke NT, Oatley M, Ricketts SN, Kinghorn K, Johnson BN, Shiau CE, Rogers S, Guilluy C, Bautch VL. Nuclear SUN1 stabilizes endothelial cell junctions via microtubules to regulate blood vessel formation. eLife 2023; 12:83652. [PMID: 36989130 PMCID: PMC10059686 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells line all blood vessels, where they coordinate blood vessel formation and the blood-tissue barrier via regulation of cell-cell junctions. The nucleus also regulates endothelial cell behaviors, but it is unclear how the nucleus contributes to endothelial cell activities at the cell periphery. Here, we show that the nuclear-localized linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex protein SUN1 regulates vascular sprouting and endothelial cell-cell junction morphology and function. Loss of murine endothelial Sun1 impaired blood vessel formation and destabilized junctions, angiogenic sprouts formed but retracted in SUN1-depleted sprouts, and zebrafish vessels lacking Sun1b had aberrant junctions and defective cell-cell connections. At the cellular level, SUN1 stabilized endothelial cell-cell junctions, promoted junction function, and regulated contractility. Mechanistically, SUN1 depletion altered cell behaviors via the cytoskeleton without changing transcriptional profiles. Reduced peripheral microtubule density, fewer junction contacts, and increased catastrophes accompanied SUN1 loss, and microtubule depolymerization phenocopied effects on junctions. Depletion of GEF-H1, a microtubule-regulated Rho activator, or the LINC complex protein nesprin-1 rescued defective junctions of SUN1-depleted endothelial cells. Thus, endothelial SUN1 regulates peripheral cell-cell junctions from the nucleus via LINC complex-based microtubule interactions that affect peripheral microtubule dynamics and Rho-regulated contractility, and this long-range regulation is important for proper blood vessel sprouting and junction integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle B Buglak
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Pauline Bougaran
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Molly R Kulikauskas
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Elizabeth Monaghan-Benson
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighUnited States
| | - Ariel L Gold
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Allison P Marvin
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Andrew Burciu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Natalie T Tanke
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Morgan Oatley
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Shea N Ricketts
- Department of Pathology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Karina Kinghorn
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Bryan N Johnson
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Celia E Shiau
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Stephen Rogers
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Christophe Guilluy
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighUnited States
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
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18
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Amiad Pavlov D, Unnikannan CP, Lorber D, Bajpai G, Olender T, Stoops E, Reuveny A, Safran S, Volk T. The LINC Complex Inhibits Excessive Chromatin Repression. Cells 2023; 12:932. [PMID: 36980273 PMCID: PMC10047284 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex transduces nuclear mechanical inputs suggested to control chromatin organization and gene expression; however, the underlying mechanism is currently unclear. We show here that the LINC complex is needed to minimize chromatin repression in muscle tissue, where the nuclei are exposed to significant mechanical inputs during muscle contraction. To this end, the genomic binding profiles of Polycomb, Heterochromatin Protein1 (HP1a) repressors, and of RNA-Pol II were studied in Drosophila larval muscles lacking functional LINC complex. A significant increase in the binding of Polycomb and parallel reduction of RNA-Pol-II binding to a set of muscle genes was observed. Consistently, enhanced tri-methylated H3K9 and H3K27 repressive modifications and reduced chromatin activation by H3K9 acetylation were found. Furthermore, larger tri-methylated H3K27me3 repressive clusters, and chromatin redistribution from the nuclear periphery towards nuclear center, were detected in live LINC mutant larval muscles. Computer simulation indicated that the observed dissociation of the chromatin from the nuclear envelope promotes growth of tri-methylated H3K27 repressive clusters. Thus, we suggest that by promoting chromatin-nuclear envelope binding, the LINC complex restricts the size of repressive H3K27 tri-methylated clusters, thereby limiting the binding of Polycomb transcription repressor, directing robust transcription in muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Amiad Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Dana Lorber
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gaurav Bajpai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tsviya Olender
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Stoops
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Adriana Reuveny
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Samuel Safran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Talila Volk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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19
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Sawaya AP, Uchiyama A, Hope E, Bajpai D, Worrell S, Cross M, Beniash E, Jenkins LM, Duverger O, Morasso MI. Keratin 75 Is a Component of the LINC Complex and Has an Essential Role in Mediating the SOX2 Rapid Healing Response during Wound Repair. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:494-498. [PMID: 36174715 PMCID: PMC9974572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Sawaya
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Akihiko Uchiyama
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emma Hope
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deepti Bajpai
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen Worrell
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Cross
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elia Beniash
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Mass Spectrometry Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Olivier Duverger
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria I Morasso
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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20
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Nuclear envelope assembly and dynamics during development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:96-106. [PMID: 35249812 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) protects but also organizes the eukaryotic genome. In this review we will discuss recent literature on how the NE disassembles and reassembles, how it varies in surface area and protein composition and how this translates into chromatin organization and gene expression in the context of animal development.
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21
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Windgasse L, Grashoff C. Multiplexed Molecular Tension Sensor Measurements Using PIE-FLIM. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2600:221-237. [PMID: 36587101 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2851-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based tension sensors were developed to enable the quantification of piconewton (pN)-scale forces that act across distinct proteins in living cells and organisms. An important extension of this technology is the multiplexing of tension sensors to monitor several independent FRET probes in parallel. Here we describe how pulsed interleaved excitation (PIE)-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) can be implemented to enable the analysis of two co-expressed tension sensor constructs. Our protocol covers all essential steps from biosensor expression and live cell PIE image acquisition to lifetime calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Windgasse
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carsten Grashoff
- Department of Quantitative Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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22
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Analysis of Copy Number Variation in the Whole Genome of Normal-Haired and Long-Haired Tianzhu White Yaks. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122405. [PMID: 36553672 PMCID: PMC9777850 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-haired individuals in the Tianzhu white yak population are a unique genetic resource, and have important landscape value. Copy number variation (CNV) is an important source of phenotypic variation in mammals. In this study, we used resequencing technology to detect the whole genome of 10 long-haired Tianzhu white yaks (LTWY) and 10 normal-haired Tianzhu white yaks (NTWY), and analyzed the differences of CNV in the genome of LTWYs and NTWYs. A total of 110268 CNVs were identified, 2006 CNVRs were defined, and the distribution map of these CNVRs on chromosomes was constructed. The comparison of LTWYs and NTWYs identified 80 differential CNVR-harbored genes, which were enriched in lipid metabolism, cell migration and other functions. Notably, some differential genes were identified as associated with hair growth and hair-follicle development (e.g., ASTN2, ATM, COL22A1, GK5, SLIT3, PM20D1, and SGCZ). In general, we present the first genome-wide analysis of CNV in LTWYs and NTWYs. Our results can provide new insights into the phenotypic variation of different hair lengths in Tianzhu white yaks.
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23
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Al-Maslamani NA, Oldershaw R, Tew S, Curran J, D’Hooghe P, Yamamoto K, Horn HF. Chondrocyte De-Differentiation: Biophysical Cues to Nuclear Alterations. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244011. [PMID: 36552775 PMCID: PMC9777101 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a cell therapy to repair cartilage defects. In ACI a biopsy is taken from a non-load bearing area of the knee and expanded in-vitro. The expansion process provides the benefit of generating a large number of cells required for implantation; however, during the expansion these cells de-differentiate and lose their chondrocyte phenotype. In this review we focus on examining the de-differentiation phenotype from a mechanobiology and biophysical perspective, highlighting some of the nuclear mechanics and chromatin changes in chondrocytes seen during the expansion process and how this relates to the gene expression profile. We propose that manipulating chondrocyte nuclear architecture and chromatin organization will highlight mechanisms that will help to preserve the chondrocyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor A. Al-Maslamani
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Rachel Oldershaw
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Simon Tew
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Jude Curran
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK
| | - Pieter D’Hooghe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha P.O. Box 29222, Qatar
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Henning F. Horn
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
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24
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Pfeifer CR, Tobin MP, Cho S, Vashisth M, Dooling LJ, Vazquez LL, Ricci-De Lucca EG, Simon KT, Discher DE. Gaussian curvature dilutes the nuclear lamina, favoring nuclear rupture, especially at high strain rate. Nucleus 2022; 13:129-143. [PMID: 35293271 PMCID: PMC8928808 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2022.2045726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear rupture has long been associated with deficits or defects in lamins, with recent results also indicating a role for actomyosin stress, but key physical determinants of rupture remain unclear. Here, lamin-B filaments stably interact with the nuclear membrane at sites of low Gaussian curvature yet dilute at high curvature to favor rupture, whereas lamin-A depletion requires high strain-rates. Live-cell imaging of lamin-B1 gene-edited cancer cells is complemented by fixed-cell imaging of rupture in: iPS-derived progeria patients cells, cells within beating chick embryo hearts, and cancer cells with multi-site rupture after migration through small pores. Data fit a model of stiff filaments that detach from a curved surface.Rupture is modestly suppressed by inhibiting myosin-II and by hypotonic stress, which slow the strain-rates. Lamin-A dilution and rupture probability indeed increase above a threshold rate of nuclear pulling. Curvature-sensing mechanisms of proteins at plasma membranes, including Piezo1, might thus apply at nuclear membranes.Summary statement: High nuclear curvature drives lamina dilution and nuclear envelope rupture even when myosin stress is inhibited. Stiff filaments generally dilute from sites of high Gaussian curvature, providing mathematical fits of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte R. Pfeifer
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Graduate Group/Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P. Tobin
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Graduate Group/Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sangkyun Cho
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Manasvita Vashisth
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Dooling
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lizeth Lopez Vazquez
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma G. Ricci-De Lucca
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keiann T. Simon
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Graduate Group/Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Graduate Group/Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,CONTACT Dennis E. Discher Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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25
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Fenelon KD, Thomas E, Samani M, Zhu M, Tao H, Sun Y, McNeill H, Hopyan S. Transgenic force sensors and software to measure force transmission across the mammalian nuclear envelope in vivo. Biol Open 2022; 11:281166. [DOI: 10.1242/bio.059656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Nuclear mechanotransduction is a growing field with exciting implications for the regulation of gene expression and cellular function. Mechanical signals may be transduced to the nuclear interior biochemically or physically through connections between the cell surface and chromatin. To define mechanical stresses upon the nucleus in physiological settings, we generated transgenic mouse strains that harbour FRET-based tension sensors or control constructs in the outer and inner aspects of the nuclear envelope. We knocked-in a published esprin-2G sensor to measure tensions across the LINC complex and generated a new sensor that links the inner nuclear membrane to chromatin. To mitigate challenges inherent to fluorescence lifetime analysis in vivo, we developed software (FLIMvivo) that markedly improves the fitting of fluorescence decay curves. In the mouse embryo, the sensors responded to cytoskeletal relaxation and stretch applied by micro-aspiration. They reported organ-specific differences and a spatiotemporal tension gradient along the proximodistal axis of the limb bud, raising the possibility that mechanical mechanisms coregulate pattern formation. These mouse strains and software are potentially valuable tools for testing and refining mechanotransduction hypotheses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli D. Fenelon
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children 1 , Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 , Canada
- University of Toronto 2 Department of Molecular Genetics , , Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 , Canada
| | - Evan Thomas
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children 1 , Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 , Canada
| | - Mohammad Samani
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children 1 , Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 , Canada
| | - Min Zhu
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children 1 , Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 , Canada
- University of Toronto 3 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , , Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 , Canada
| | - Hirotaka Tao
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children 1 , Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 , Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- University of Toronto 3 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , , Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 , Canada
| | - Helen McNeill
- Washington University 4 Department of Developmental Biology , , St. Louis, MO 63110 , USA
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute 5 , Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 , Canada
| | - Sevan Hopyan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children 1 , Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 , Canada
- University of Toronto 2 Department of Molecular Genetics , , Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 , Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto 6 Division of Orthopaedic Surgery , , ON M5G 1X8 , Canada
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26
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Hsia CR, McAllister J, Hasan O, Judd J, Lee S, Agrawal R, Chang CY, Soloway P, Lammerding J. Confined migration induces heterochromatin formation and alters chromatin accessibility. iScience 2022; 25:104978. [PMID: 36117991 PMCID: PMC9474860 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During migration, cells often squeeze through small constrictions, requiring extensive deformation. We hypothesized that nuclear deformation associated with such confined migration could alter chromatin organization and function. By studying cells migrating through microfluidic devices that mimic interstitial spaces in vivo, we found that confined migration results in increased H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 heterochromatin marks that persist for days. This "confined migration-induced heterochromatin" (CMiH) was distinct from heterochromatin formation during migration initiation. Confined migration decreased chromatin accessibility at intergenic regions near centromeres and telomeres, suggesting heterochromatin spreading from existing sites. Consistent with the overall decrease in accessibility, global transcription was decreased during confined migration. Intriguingly, we also identified increased accessibility at promoter regions of genes linked to chromatin silencing, tumor invasion, and DNA damage response. Inhibiting CMiH reduced migration speed, suggesting that CMiH promotes confined migration. Together, our findings indicate that confined migration induces chromatin changes that regulate cell migration and other functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ren Hsia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jawuanna McAllister
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ovais Hasan
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Julius Judd
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Seoyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Richa Agrawal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chao-Yuan Chang
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Paul Soloway
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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27
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Leong EL, Khaing NT, Cadot B, Hong WL, Kozlov S, Werner H, Wong ESM, Stewart CL, Burke B, Lee YL. Nesprin-1 LINC complexes recruit microtubule cytoskeleton proteins and drive pathology in Lmna-mutant striated muscle. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 32:177-191. [PMID: 35925868 PMCID: PMC9840208 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in LMNA, the gene encoding A-type lamins, cause laminopathies-diseases of striated muscle and other tissues. The aetiology of laminopathies has been attributed to perturbation of chromatin organization or structural weakening of the nuclear envelope (NE) such that the nucleus becomes more prone to mechanical damage. The latter model requires a conduit for force transmission to the nucleus. NE-associated Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes are one such pathway. Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats to disrupt the Nesprin-1 KASH (Klarsicht, ANC-1, Syne Homology) domain, we identified this LINC complex protein as the predominant NE anchor for microtubule cytoskeleton components, including nucleation activities and motor complexes, in mouse cardiomyocytes. Loss of Nesprin-1 LINC complexes resulted in loss of microtubule cytoskeleton proteins at the nucleus and changes in nuclear morphology and positioning in striated muscle cells, but with no overt physiological defects. Disrupting the KASH domain of Nesprin-1 suppresses Lmna-linked cardiac pathology, likely by reducing microtubule cytoskeleton activities at the nucleus. Nesprin-1 LINC complexes thus represent a potential therapeutic target for striated muscle laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruno Cadot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U974, Institut de Myologie, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, Paris 75013, France
| | - Wei Liang Hong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 6 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore,ASTAR Skin Research Labs (ASRL), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 6 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Serguei Kozlov
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hendrikje Werner
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 6 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore,ASTAR Skin Research Labs (ASRL), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 6 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Esther Sook Miin Wong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 6 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 5 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Colin L Stewart
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Colin L. Stewart, ; Brian Burke, ; Yin Loon Lee,
| | - Brian Burke
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Colin L. Stewart, ; Brian Burke, ; Yin Loon Lee,
| | - Yin Loon Lee
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Colin L. Stewart, ; Brian Burke, ; Yin Loon Lee,
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28
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Li J, Peng L, Chen Q, Ye Z, Zhao T, Hou S, Gu J, Hang Q. Integrin β1 in Pancreatic Cancer: Expressions, Functions, and Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143377. [PMID: 35884437 PMCID: PMC9318555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to improving the survival rate of PC patients. Emerging studies show that integrins might contribute to the pathogenesis of PC. This review presents the various signaling pathways that are mediated by integrins in PC and emphasizes the multiple functions of integrin β1 in malignant behaviors of PC. It also discusses the clinical significance of integrin β1 as well as integrin β1-based therapy in PC patients. Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by rapid progression and a high mortality rate. The current treatment is still based on surgical treatment, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and new methods of combining immune and molecular biological treatments are being explored. Despite this, the survival rate of PC patients is still very disappointing. Therefore, clarifying the molecular mechanism of PC pathogenesis and developing precisely targeted drugs are key to improving PC prognosis. As the most common β subunit of the integrin family, integrin β1 has been proved to be closely related to the vascular invasion, distant metastasis, and survival of PC patients, and treatment targeting integrin β1 in PC has gained initial success in animal models. In this review, we summarize the various signaling pathways by which integrins are involved in PC, focusing on the roles of integrin β1 in the malignant behaviors of PC. Additionally, recent studies regarding the feasibility of integrin β1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in PC are also discussed. Finally, we present the progress of several integrin β1-based clinical trials to highlight the potential of integrin β1 as a target for personalized therapy in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Liyao Peng
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China;
| | - Qun Chen
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China;
| | - Ziping Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China;
| | - Sicong Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.L.); (S.H.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China;
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 81-8558, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Q.H.); Tel.: +86-13-8145-8885 (Q.H.)
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 81-8558, Japan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Q.H.); Tel.: +86-13-8145-8885 (Q.H.)
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29
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Dupont S, Wickström SA. Mechanical regulation of chromatin and transcription. Nat Rev Genet 2022; 23:624-643. [DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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30
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Integrating mechanical signals into cellular identity. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:669-680. [PMID: 35337714 PMCID: PMC9288541 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The large arrays of cell types in a multicellular organism are defined by their stereotypic size and/or morphology, and, for cells in vivo, by their anatomic positions. Historically, this identity-structure-function correlation was conceptualized as arising from distinct gene expression programs that dictate how cells appear and behave. However, a growing number of studies suggest that a cell's mechanical state is also an important determinant of its identity, both in lineage-committed cells and in pluripotent stem cells. Defining the mechanism by which mechanical inputs influence complex cellular programs remains an area of ongoing investigation. Here, we discuss how the cytoskeleton actively participates in instructing the response of the nucleus and genome to integrate mechanical and biochemical inputs, with a primary focus on the role of the actomyosin-LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex axis.
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31
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Dobrokhotov O, Sunagawa M, Torii T, Mii S, Kawauchi K, Enomoto A, Sokabe M, Hirata H. Anti-Malignant Effect of Tensile Loading to Adherens Junctions in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:728383. [PMID: 34858971 PMCID: PMC8632149 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.728383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actomyosin contractility regulates various cellular processes including proliferation and differentiation while dysregulation of actomyosin activity contributes to cancer development and progression. Previously, we have reported that actomyosin-generated tension at adherens junctions is required for cell density-dependent inhibition of proliferation of normal skin keratinocytes. However, it remains unclear how actomyosin contractility affects the hyperproliferation ability of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) cells. In this study, we find that actomyosin activity is impaired in cSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. External application of tensile loads to adherens junctions by sustained mechanical stretch attenuates the proliferation of cSCC cells, which depends on intact adherens junctions. Forced activation of actomyosin of cSCC cells also inhibits their proliferation in a cell-cell contact-dependent manner. Furthermore, the cell cycle arrest induced by tensile loading to adherens junctions is accompanied by epidermal differentiation in cSCC cells. Our results show that the degree of malignant properties of cSCC cells can be reduced by applying tensile loads to adherens junctions, which implies that the mechanical status of adherens junctions may serve as a novel therapeutic target for cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Dobrokhotov
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Sunagawa
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeru Torii
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Kawauchi
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sokabe
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hirata
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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32
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Sipieter F, Laurent L, Borghi N. [Nesprins mechanically discriminate between distinct epithelium-to-mesenchyme transitions]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 37:984-986. [PMID: 34851273 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2021132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- François Sipieter
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Louis Laurent
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Borghi
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
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33
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Deshpande O, Telley IA. Nuclear positioning during development: Pushing, pulling and flowing. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 120:10-21. [PMID: 34642103 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The positioning of the nucleus, the central organelle of the cell, is an active and regulated process crucially linked to cell cycle, differentiation, migration, and polarity. Alterations in positioning have been correlated with cell and tissue function deficiency and genetic or chemical manipulation of nuclear position is embryonic lethal. Nuclear positioning is a precursor for symmetric or asymmetric cell division which is accompanied by fate determination of the daughter cells. Nuclear positioning also plays a key role during early embryonic developmental stages in insects, such as Drosophila, where hundreds of nuclei divide without cytokinesis and are distributed within the large syncytial embryo at roughly regular spacing. While the cytoskeletal elements and the linker proteins to the nucleus are fairly well characterised, including some of the force generating elements driving nuclear movement, there is considerable uncertainty about the biophysical mechanism of nuclear positioning, while the field is debating different force models. In this review, we highlight the current body of knowledge, discuss cell context dependent models of nuclear positioning, and outline open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojas Deshpande
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ivo A Telley
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.
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34
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Nguyen TM, Aragona M. Regulation of tissue architecture and stem cell dynamics to sustain homeostasis and repair in the skin epidermis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 130:79-89. [PMID: 34563461 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Stratified epithelia are made up of several layers of cells, which act as a protective barrier for the organ they cover. To ensure their shielding effect, epithelia are naturally able to cope with constant environmental insults. This ability is enabled by their morphology and architecture, as well as the continuous turnover of stem and progenitor cells that constitute their building blocks. Stem cell fate decisions and dynamics are fundamental key biological processes that allow epithelia to exert their functions. By focusing on the skin epidermis, this review discusses how tissue architecture is generated during development, maintained through adult life, and re-established during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram Mai Nguyen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mariaceleste Aragona
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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35
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Dondi C, Bertin B, Da Ponte JP, Wojtowicz I, Jagla K, Junion G. A polarized nucleus-cytoskeleton-ECM connection in migrating cardioblasts controls heart tube formation in Drosophila. Development 2021; 148:271094. [PMID: 34323270 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the cardiac tube is a remarkable example of complex morphogenetic processes conserved from invertebrates to humans. It involves coordinated collective migration of contralateral rows of cardiac cells. The molecular processes underlying the specification of cardioblasts (CBs) prior to migration are well established and significant advances have been made in understanding the process of lumen formation. However, the mechanisms of collective cardiac cells migration remain elusive. Here, we have identified CAP and MSP300 as novel actors involved during CB migration. They both exhibit highly similar temporal and spatial expression patterns in Drosophila migrating cardiac cells, and are necessary for the correct number and alignment of CBs, a prerequisite for the coordination of their collective migration. Our data suggest that CAP and MSP300 are part of a protein complex linking focal adhesion sites to nuclei via the actin cytoskeleton that maintains post-mitotic state and correct alignment of CBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Dondi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 6293, Inserm 1103, GReD institute, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benjamin Bertin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 6293, Inserm 1103, GReD institute, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Da Ponte
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 6293, Inserm 1103, GReD institute, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Inga Wojtowicz
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 6293, Inserm 1103, GReD institute, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Krzysztof Jagla
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 6293, Inserm 1103, GReD institute, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Junion
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS 6293, Inserm 1103, GReD institute, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Culturing Keratinocytes on Biomimetic Substrates Facilitates Improved Epidermal Assembly In Vitro. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051177. [PMID: 34066027 PMCID: PMC8151809 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is defined as the ability of cells to sense mechanical stimuli from their surroundings and translate them into biochemical signals. Epidermal keratinocytes respond to mechanical cues by altering their proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In vitro cell culture, however, utilises tissue culture plastic, which is significantly stiffer than the in vivo environment. Current epidermal models fail to consider the effects of culturing keratinocytes on plastic prior to setting up three-dimensional cultures, so the impact of this non-physiological exposure on epidermal assembly is largely overlooked. In this study, primary keratinocytes cultured on plastic were compared with those grown on 4, 8, and 50 kPa stiff biomimetic hydrogels that have similar mechanical properties to skin. Our data show that keratinocytes cultured on biomimetic hydrogels exhibited major changes in cellular architecture, cell density, nuclear biomechanics, and mechanoprotein expression, such as specific Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex constituents. Mechanical conditioning of keratinocytes on 50 kPa biomimetic hydrogels improved the thickness and organisation of 3D epidermal models. In summary, the current study demonstrates that the effects of extracellular mechanics on keratinocyte cell biology are significant and therefore should be harnessed in skin research to ensure the successful production of physiologically relevant skin models.
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