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Liu Z, Lu W, Zou W, Gao Y, Li X, Xu G, So KF, McIntyre RS, Lin K, Shao R. A preliminary study on brain developmental features of bipolar disorder familial risk and subthreshold symptoms. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00163-0. [PMID: 38909895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk for Bipolar disorder (BD) is increased among individuals with family history or subthreshold mood symptoms. However, the brain structural developments associated with these BD risks remained unknown. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study examined the brain grey matter volume (GMV) developmental features of familial and symptomatic risks for BD, and their associations with participants' global function levels. We recruited unaffected BD offspring with (N=26, age=14.9±2.9 years, 14 females) or without (N=35, age=15.3±2.7 years, 19 females) subthreshold manic or depressive symptoms, and unaffected non-BD offspring with (N=49, age=14.5±2.2 years, 30 females) or without (N=68, age=15.0±2.3 years, 37 females) symptoms. The offspring had no mood disorder diagnosis prior to the study. The average follow-up duration was 2.63±1.63 years. RESULTS We found at baseline, significant interactive effects of familial risk and subthreshold symptoms indicated the symptomatic offspring exhibited markedly large GMV in the brain affective and cognitive circuitries. During follow-up, the combined group of BD offspring (symptomatic and non-symptomatic) displayed accelerated GMV decrease than BD non-offspring, in the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex. In contrast, the combined group of symptomatic participants (offspring and non-offspring) displayed slower GMV decrease than non-symptomatic participants, in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Larger GMV at baseline, and accelerated GMV decrease during follow-up, prospectively and longitudinally predicted positive global function changes. All results survived multiple-testing correction. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that familial and symptomatic risks of BD are associated with distinct brain structural developments, and unraveled key brain developmental features of particularly vulnerable high-risk individuals to subsequent functional deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwan Liu
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weicong Lu
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenjin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Gao
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guiyun Xu
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, No. 17, Shandong Road, Shinan district, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Canada; Professor and Nanshan Scholar, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangguang Lin
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China.
| | - Robin Shao
- Department of Affective Disorder, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
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Moussaoui J, Saadi I, Barrimi M. The Epidemiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Profile of Bipolar Patients in Eastern Morocco. Cureus 2024; 16:e61769. [PMID: 38975404 PMCID: PMC11227434 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder is a severe psychiatric disorder. The objective of our study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic profile of patients followed for bipolar disorder in this hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted over a period of two years within the mental health and psychiatric diseases department of the Mohammed VI University Hospital in Oujda, Morocco, including 206 patients followed for bipolar disorder on an outpatient basis or hospitalized in one of the departments of the hospital. RESULTS We included in our study 206 patients with an average age of 37.34+/-12.53 and a male predominance. About 17% of our patients reported a personal medical history and 18.4%, a personal surgical history. Regarding the family history, 40.3% have a medical and surgical history and 63.1%, a psychiatric family history. The consumption of psychoactive substances is present in 49.5% of our patients. About 26.7% reported psychological trauma during childhood. Our patients have reported a history of suicide attempts with a prevalence of 26.6% in several settings: depressive (15%), delusional (5.8%), hallucinatory (3.9%), and anxious (1.9%). Several means were used during these suicide attempts, in particular, defenestration (40%), drug ingestion (36.4%), caustic ingestion (16.4%), strangulation (16.4%), and hanging (10.9%). CONCLUSION It is important to develop a personalized approach to the patient wherever possible and, if necessary, to involve other specialists in diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Moussaoui
- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed I University, Oujda, MAR
| | - Ikram Saadi
- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed I University, Oujda, MAR
| | - Mohammed Barrimi
- Immunohematology and Cellular Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed I University, Oujda, MAR
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Beron JC, Solovey G, Ferrelli IA, Pedreira ME, Fernández RS. Large environmental changes reduce valence-dependent belief updating. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10429. [PMID: 38714776 PMCID: PMC11076288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
When updating beliefs, humans tend to integrate more desirable information than undesirable information. In stable environments (low uncertainty and high predictability), this asymmetry favors motivation towards action and perceived self-efficacy. However, in changing environments (high uncertainty and low predictability), this process can lead to risk underestimation and increase unwanted costs. Here, we examine how people (n = 388) integrate threatening information during an abrupt environmental change (mandatory quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic). Given that anxiety levels are associated with the magnitude of the updating belief asymmetry; we explore its relationship during this particular context. We report a significant reduction in asymmetrical belief updating during a large environmental change as individuals integrated desirable and undesirable information to the same extent. Moreover, this result was supported by computational modeling of the belief update task. However, we found that the reduction in asymmetrical belief updating was not homogeneous among people with different levels of Trait-anxiety. Individuals with higher levels of Trait-anxiety maintained a valence-dependent updating, as it occurs in stable environments. On the other hand, updating behavior was not associated with acute anxiety (State-Anxiety), health concerns (Health-Anxiety), or having positive expectations (Trait-Optimism). These results suggest that highly uncertain environments can generate adaptive changes in information integration. At the same time, it reveals the vulnerabilities of individuals with higher levels of anxiety to adapt the way they learn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cruz Beron
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Solovey
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Cálculo, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio A Ferrelli
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Pedreira
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo S Fernández
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia de la Memoria, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires IFIByNE, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Haim-Nachum S, Kube T, Rozenkrantz L, Lazarov A, Levy-Gigi E, Michael T, Neria Y, Sopp MR. Does disconfirmatory evidence shape safety-and danger-related beliefs of trauma-exposed individuals? Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2335788. [PMID: 38626065 PMCID: PMC11022916 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2335788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent accounts of predictive processing in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggest that trauma-exposed individuals struggle to update trauma-related hypotheses predicting danger, which may be involved in the etiology and maintenance of this disorder. Initial research supports this account, documenting an association between trauma-exposure, impaired expectation updating, and PTSD symptoms. Yet, no study to date has examined biased belief updating in PTSD using a scenario-based approach.Objective: Here, we examined the predictive processing account among trauma-exposed and non-trauma-exposed individuals using a modified Trauma-Related version of the Bias Against Disconfirmatory Evidence task.Method: The task presents both danger-and safety-related scenarios highly relevant for trauma-exposed individuals. For each scenario, participants viewed several explanations and rated their plausibility. Their ability to update their initial interpretation following new-contradictory information was assessed.Results: Preregistered analyses did not reveal any significant findings. Based on indications that our sample may not have been sufficiently powered, we conducted exploratory analyses in an extended sample of participants. These analyses yielded a significant association between reduced belief updating and PTSD symptoms which was evident for disconfirming both safety and danger scenarios. However, the effect sizes we found were in the small-to-medium range.Conclusion: Although preliminary, our current findings support initial evidence that individuals with higher PTSD symptoms show a higher resistance to update their beliefs upon new disconfirmatory evidence. Our results should be interpreted cautiously in light of the extended sample and the limitations of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilat Haim-Nachum
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tobias Kube
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, RPTU University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | | | - Amit Lazarov
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Einat Levy-Gigi
- Faculty of Education and the Brain Science Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Tanja Michael
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Yuval Neria
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M. Roxanne Sopp
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Millett CE, Corrigan AA, Adamis A, Bonner CR, Lebovitz JG, Palm ST, Majd M, Gunning FM, Burdick KE. The effect of aging on facial emotion recognition in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2023; 327:115386. [PMID: 37544087 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Convergent data point to an exaggerated negativity bias in bipolar disorder (BD), and little is known about whether people with BD experience the 'positivity effect' with increasing age. METHOD This is a cross sectional study of 202 participants with BD aged 18-65, and a sample (n = 53) of healthy controls (HCs). Participants completed the CANTAB Emotion Recognition Task (ERT). Using analysis of variance, we tested for a main effect of age, diagnosis, and an interaction of age x diagnosis on both negative and positive conditions. RESULTS We observed increased accuracy in identifying positive stimuli in the HC sample as a function of increasing age, a pattern that was not seen in participants with BD. Specifically, there was a significant diagnosis by age cohort interaction on ERT performance that was specific to the identification of happiness, where the Later Adulthood cohort of HCs was more accurate when identifying happy faces relative to the same cohort of BD patients. CONCLUSION Later life looks different for people with BD. With an aging population globally, gaining a clearer picture of the effects of recurrent mood dysregulation on the brain will be critical in guiding efforts to effectively optimize outcomes in older adults with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Millett
- Mood and Psychosis Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Alexandra A Corrigan
- Mood and Psychosis Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Adamis
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Candice Roquemore Bonner
- Mood and Psychosis Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Julia G Lebovitz
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Stephan T Palm
- Mood and Psychosis Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Marzieh Majd
- Mood and Psychosis Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Faith M Gunning
- Department of Psychiatry, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Katherine E Burdick
- Mood and Psychosis Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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Garrett N, Sharot T. There is no belief update bias for neutral events: failure to replicate Burton et al. (2022). JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 35:876-886. [PMID: 38013976 PMCID: PMC10591604 DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2245112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In a recent paper, Burton et al. claim that individuals update beliefs to a greater extent when learning an event is less likely compared to more likely than expected. Here, we investigate Burton's et al.'s, findings. First, we show how Burton et al.'s data do not in fact support a belief update bias for neutral events. Next, in an attempt to replicate their findings, we collect a new data set employing the original belief update task design, but with neutral events. A belief update bias for neutral events is not observed. Finally, we highlight the statistical errors and confounds in Burton et al.'s design and analysis. This includes mis-specifying a reinforcement learning approach to model the data and failing to follow standard computational model fitting sanity checks such as parameter recovery, model comparison and out of sample prediction. Together, the results find little evidence for biased updating for neutral events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Garrett
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Tali Sharot
- Affective Brain Lab, Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- The Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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de Siqueira Rotenberg L, Kjærstad HL, Varo C, Vinberg M, Kessing LV, Lafer B, Miskowiak KW. The longitudinal trajectory of emotional cognition in subgroups of recently diagnosed patients with bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 71:9-24. [PMID: 36965236 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Although cross-sectional studies show heterogeneity in emotional cognition in bipolar disorder (BD), the temporal course within subgroups is unclear. In this prospective, longitudinal study we assessed the trajectories of emotional cognition subgroups within a 16-month follow-up period in recently diagnosed BD patients compared to healthy controls (HC). Recently diagnosed BD patients and HC underwent comprehensive emotional and non-emotional testing at baseline and again at follow-up. We employed hierarchical cluster analysis at baseline to identify homogenous emotional cognition subgroups of patients, and changes across the subgroups of BD and HC were assessed with linear mixed-model analyses. We found two emotional cognition subgroups: subgroup 1 (65%, n = 179), showing heightened negative emotional reactivity in neutral and negative social scenarios and faster recognition of emotional facial expressions than HC (ps<0.001, n = 190), and subgroup 2 (35%, n = 96) showing blunted reactivity in positive social scenarios, impaired emotion regulation, poorer recognition of positive and slower recognition of all facial expressions than HC (ps≤.03). Subgroup 1 exhibited normalization of the initial emotional cognition abnormalities in follow-up. In contrast, subgroup 2 showed a lack of improvement in reactivity positively-valenced emotional information. Patients in subgroup 2 presented more and longer mixed episodes during the follow-up time and were more often prescribed lithium. One third of patients display blunted emotional reactivity, impaired emotion regulation abilities and facial expression recognition difficulties also show persistent impairments and poorer course of illness. This subgroup may indicate a need for earlier and more targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa de Siqueira Rotenberg
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hanne Lie Kjærstad
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark.
| | | | - Maj Vinberg
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Mental Health Centre, Northern Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beny Lafer
- Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ossola P, Garrett N, Biso L, Bishara A, Marchesi C. Anhedonia and sensitivity to punishment in schizophrenia, depression and opiate use disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 330:319-328. [PMID: 36889442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND From a behavioural perspective anhedonia is defined as diminished interest in the engagement of pleasurable activities. Despite its presence across a range of psychiatric disorders, the cognitive processes that give rise to anhedonia remain unclear. METHODS Here we examine whether anhedonia is associated with learning from positive and negative outcomes in patients diagnosed with major depression, schizophrenia and opiate use disorder alongside a healthy control group. Responses in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test - a task associated with healthy prefrontal cortex function - were fitted to the Attentional Learning Model (ALM) which separates learning from positive and negative feedback. RESULTS Learning from punishment, but not from reward, was negatively associated with anhedonia beyond other socio-demographic, cognitive and clinical variables. This impairment in punishment sensitivity was also associated with faster responses following negative feedback, independently of the degree of surprise. LIMITATIONS Future studies should test the longitudinal association between punishment sensitivity and anhedonia also in other clinical populations controlling for the effect of specific medications. CONCLUSIONS Together the results reveal that anhedonic subjects, because of their negative expectations, are less sensitive to negative feedbacks; this might lead them to persist in actions leading to negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ossola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Mental Health, AUSL of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Neil Garrett
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, UK
| | - Letizia Biso
- Department of Mental Health, AUSL of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Anthony Bishara
- Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Carlo Marchesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Mental Health, AUSL of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Sharot T, Garrett N. A guideline and cautionary Note: How to use the belief update task correctly. METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.metip.2022.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Hobbs C, Vozarova P, Sabharwal A, Shah P, Button K. Is depression associated with reduced optimistic belief updating? ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:190814. [PMID: 35127107 PMCID: PMC8808098 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
When asked to evaluate their probability of experiencing a negative life event, healthy individuals update their beliefs more following good news than bad. This is referred to as optimistic belief updating. By contrast, individuals with depression update their beliefs by a similar amount, showing reduced optimism. We conducted the first independent replication of this effect and extended this work to examine whether reduced optimistic belief updating in depression also occurs for positive life events. Replicating previous research, healthy and depression groups differed in belief updating for negative events (β = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.24, 1.18). Whereas healthy participants updated their beliefs more following good news than bad, individuals experiencing depression lacked this bias. However, our findings for positive events were inconclusive. While we did not find statistical evidence that patterns of belief updating between groups varied by valence (β = -0.51, 95% CI: -1.16, 0.15), mean update scores suggested that both groups showed largely similar updating for positive life events. Our results add confidence to previous findings that depression is characterized by negative future expectations maintained by reduced updating in response to good news. However, further research is required to understand the specificity of this to negative events, and into refining methods for quantifying belief updating in clinical and non-clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hobbs
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Bath BA2 7AY
| | - Petra Vozarova
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Bath BA2 7AY
| | | | - Punit Shah
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Bath BA2 7AY
| | - Katherine Button
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Bath BA2 7AY
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Miskowiak KW, Mariegaard J, Jahn FS, Kjærstad HL. Associations between cognition and subsequent mood episodes in patients with bipolar disorder and their unaffected relatives: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:176-188. [PMID: 34699850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is highly recurrent and prevention of relapse and illness onset is an urgent treatment priority. This systematic review examined whether cognitive assessments can aid prediction of recurrence in patients with BD and/or illness onset in individuals at familial risk. METHODS The review included longitudinal studies of patients with BD or individuals at familial risk of mood disorder that examined the association between cognitive functions and subsequent relapse or illness onset, respectively. We followed the procedures of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 statement. Searches were conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsychInfo databases from inception up until May 10th 2021. RESULTS We identified 19 eligible studies; 12 studies investigated cognitive predictors of recurrence in BD (N = 36-76) and seven investigated cognitive predictors of illness onset in at-risk individuals (N = 84-234). In BD, general cognitive impairment, poorer verbal memory and executive function and positive bias were associated with subsequent (hypo)manic relapse -but with not depressive relapse or mood episodes in general. In first-degree relatives, impairments in attention, verbal memory and executive functions and positive bias were associated with subsequent illness onset. LIMITATIONS The findings should be considered preliminary given the small-to-moderate sample sizes and scarcity of studies. CONCLUSIONS Subject to replication, the associations between cognitive impairment and (hypo)mania relapse and illness onset may provide a platform for personalised treatment and prophylactic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorder (NEAD) Group, Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Johanna Mariegaard
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorder (NEAD) Group, Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frida Simon Jahn
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorder (NEAD) Group, Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Lie Kjærstad
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorder (NEAD) Group, Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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