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Xia LX, Xiao YY, Jiang WJ, Yang XY, Tao H, Mandukhail SR, Qin JF, Pan QR, Zhu YG, Zhao LX, Huang LJ, Li Z, Yu XY. Exosomes derived from induced cardiopulmonary progenitor cells alleviate acute lung injury in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1644-1659. [PMID: 38589686 PMCID: PMC11272782 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary progenitor cells (CPPs) constitute a minor subpopulation of cells that are commonly associated with heart and lung morphogenesis during embryonic development but completely subside after birth. This fact offers the possibility for the treatment of pulmonary heart disease (PHD), in which the lung and heart are both damaged. A reliable source of CPPs is urgently needed. In this study, we reprogrammed human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) into CPP-like cells (or induced CPPs, iCPPs) and evaluated the therapeutic potential of iCPP-derived exosomes for acute lung injury (ALI). iCPPs were created in passage 3 primary HCFs by overexpressing GLI1, WNT2, ISL1 and TBX5 (GWIT). Exosomes were isolated from the culture medium of passage 6-8 GWIT-iCPPs. A mouse ALI model was established by intratracheal instillation of LPS. Four hours after LPS instillation, ALI mice were treated with GWIT-iCPP-derived exosomes (5 × 109, 5 × 1010 particles/mL) via intratracheal instillation. We showed that GWIT-iCPPs could differentiate into cell lineages, such as cardiomyocyte-like cells, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and alveolar epithelial cells, in vitro. Transcription analysis revealed that GWIT-iCPPs have potential for heart and lung development. Intratracheal instillation of iCPP-derived exosomes dose-dependently alleviated LPS-induced ALI in mice by attenuating lung inflammation, promoting endothelial function and restoring capillary endothelial cells and the epithelial cells barrier. This study provides a potential new method for the prevention and treatment of cardiopulmonary injury, especially lung injury, and provides a new cell model for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo-Xing Xia
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Ying-Ying Xiao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Wen-Jing Jiang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Yang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hua Tao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Safur Rehman Mandukhail
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jian-Feng Qin
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Qian-Rong Pan
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yu-Guang Zhu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Li-Xin Zhao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Li-Juan Huang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhan Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Harper JM. Primary Cell Culture as a Model System for Evolutionary Molecular Physiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7905. [PMID: 39063147 PMCID: PMC11277064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cell culture is a powerful model system to address fundamental questions about organismal physiology at the cellular level, especially for species that are difficult, or impossible, to study under natural or semi-natural conditions. Due to their ease of use, primary fibroblast cultures are the dominant model system, but studies using both somatic and germ cells are also common. Using these models, genome evolution and phylogenetic relationships, the molecular and biochemical basis of differential longevities among species, and the physiological consequences of life history evolution have been studied in depth. With the advent of new technologies such as gene editing and the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), the field of molecular evolutionary physiology will continue to expand using both descriptive and experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Harper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, 1900 Avenue I, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA
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3
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Abraham E, Volmert B, Roule T, Huang L, Yu J, Williams AE, Cohen HM, Douglas A, Megill E, Morris A, Stronati E, Fueyo R, Zubillaga M, Elrod JW, Akizu N, Aguirre A, Estaras C. A Retinoic Acid:YAP1 signaling axis controls atrial lineage commitment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.11.602981. [PMID: 39026825 PMCID: PMC11257518 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.11.602981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin A/Retinoic Acid (Vit A/RA) signaling is essential for heart development. In cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), RA signaling induces the expression of atrial lineage genes while repressing ventricular genes, thereby promoting the acquisition of an atrial cardiomyocyte cell fate. To achieve this, RA coordinates a complex regulatory network of downstream effectors that is not fully identified. To address this gap, we applied a functional genomics approach (i.e scRNAseq and snATACseq) to untreated and RA-treated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)-derived CPCs. Unbiased analysis revealed that the Hippo effectors YAP1 and TEAD4 are integrated with the atrial transcription factor enhancer network, and that YAP1 is necessary for activation of RA-enhancers in CPCs. Furthermore, in vivo analysis of control and conditionally YAP1 KO mouse embryos (Sox2-cre) revealed that the expression of atrial lineage genes, such as NR2F2, is compromised by YAP1 deletion in the CPCs of the second heart field. Accordingly, we found that YAP1 is required for the formation of an atrial chamber but is dispensable for the formation of a ventricle, in hESC-derived patterned cardiac organoids. Overall, our findings revealed that YAP1 is a non-canonical effector of RA signaling essential for the acquisition of atrial lineages during cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Abraham
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brett Volmert
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Roule
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Huang
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jingting Yu
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - April E Williams
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Henry M Cohen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aidan Douglas
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Megill
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alex Morris
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eleonora Stronati
- Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel Fueyo
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mikel Zubillaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naiara Akizu
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Conchi Estaras
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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4
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Sanchez JG, Rankin S, Paul E, McCauley HA, Kechele DO, Enriquez JR, Jones NH, Greeley SAW, Letourneau-Friedberg L, Zorn AM, Krishnamurthy M, Wells JM. RFX6 regulates human intestinal patterning and function upstream of PDX1. Development 2024; 151:dev202529. [PMID: 38587174 PMCID: PMC11128285 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is complex and consists of multiple organs with unique functions. Rare gene variants can cause congenital malformations of the human GI tract, although the molecular basis of these has been poorly studied. We identified a patient with compound-heterozygous variants in RFX6 presenting with duodenal malrotation and atresia, implicating RFX6 in development of the proximal intestine. To identify how mutations in RFX6 impact intestinal patterning and function, we derived induced pluripotent stem cells from this patient to generate human intestinal organoids (HIOs). We identified that the duodenal HIOs and human tissues had mixed regional identity, with gastric and ileal features. CRISPR-mediated correction of RFX6 restored duodenal identity. We then used gain- and loss-of-function and transcriptomic approaches in HIOs and Xenopus embryos to identify that PDX1 is a downstream transcriptional target of RFX6 required for duodenal development. However, RFX6 had additional PDX1-independent transcriptional targets involving multiple components of signaling pathways that are required for establishing early regional identity in the GI tract. In summary, we have identified RFX6 as a key regulator in intestinal patterning that acts by regulating transcriptional and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Guillermo Sanchez
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45229, USA
| | - Scott Rankin
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45229, USA
| | - Emily Paul
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45229, USA
| | - Heather A. McCauley
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45229, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Daniel O. Kechele
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45229, USA
| | - Jacob R. Enriquez
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45229, USA
| | - Nana-Hawa Jones
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Siri A. W. Greeley
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Aaron M. Zorn
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45229, USA
| | - Mansa Krishnamurthy
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - James M. Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45229, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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5
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Coppola U, Kenney J, Waxman JS. A Foxf1-Wnt-Nr2f1 cascade promotes atrial cardiomyocyte differentiation in zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.13.584759. [PMID: 38558972 PMCID: PMC10980076 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.13.584759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Nr2f transcription factors (TFs) are conserved regulators of vertebrate atrial cardiomyocyte (AC) differentiation. However, little is known about the mechanisms directing Nr2f expression in ACs. Here, we identified a conserved enhancer 3' to the nr2f1a locus, which we call 3'reg1-nr2f1a (3'reg1), that can promote Nr2f1a expression in ACs. Sequence analysis of the enhancer identified putative Lef/Tcf and Foxf TF binding sites. Mutation of the Lef/Tcf sites within the 3'reg1 reporter, knockdown of Tcf7l1a, and manipulation of canonical Wnt signaling support that Tcf7l1a is derepressed via Wnt signaling to activate the transgenic enhancer and promote AC differentiation. Similarly, mutation of the Foxf binding sites in the 3'reg1 reporter, coupled with gain- and loss-of-function analysis supported that Foxf1 promotes expression of the enhancer and AC differentiation. Functionally, we find that Wnt signaling acts downstream of Foxf1 to promote expression of the 3'reg1 reporter within ACs and, importantly, both Foxf1 and Wnt signaling require Nr2f1a to promote a surplus of differentiated ACs. CRISPR-mediated deletion of the endogenous 3'reg1 abrogates the ability of Foxf1 and Wnt signaling to produce surplus ACs in zebrafish embryos. Together, our data support that downstream members of a conserved regulatory network involving Wnt signaling and Foxf1 function on a nr2f1a enhancer to promote AC differentiation in the zebrafish heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Coppola
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jennifer Kenney
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joshua S. Waxman
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Developmental Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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6
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Guijarro C, Kelly RG. On the involvement of the second heart field in congenital heart defects. C R Biol 2024; 347:9-18. [PMID: 38488639 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) affect 1 in 100 live births and result from defects in cardiac development. Growth of the early heart tube occurs by the progressive addition of second heart field (SHF) progenitor cells to the cardiac poles. The SHF gives rise to ventricular septal, right ventricular and outflow tract myocardium at the arterial pole, and atrial, including atrial septal myocardium, at the venous pole. SHF deployment creates the template for subsequent cardiac septation and has been implicated in cardiac looping and in orchestrating outflow tract development with neural crest cells. Genetic or environmental perturbation of SHF deployment thus underlies a spectrum of common forms of CHD affecting conotruncal and septal morphogenesis. Here we review the major properties of SHF cells as well as recent insights into the developmental programs that drive normal cardiac progenitor cell addition and the origins of CHD.
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7
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Wang F, Yin L, Zhang W, Tang Y, Wang X, Huang C. The method of sinus node-like pacemaker cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells by BMP and Wnt signaling. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2725-2741. [PMID: 36856942 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The embryonic development of sinus nodes (SAN) is co-regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Among these, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt signaling pathways are involved in the development of SAN. In this study, the effects of BMP and Wnt signaling on the differentiation of SAN-like pacemaker cells (SANLPCs) were investigated. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were divided into four groups: control, BMP4, CHIR-3, and BMP4 + CHIR (CHIR: a Wnt signaling activator). The samples were tested at day (D) 15 of differentiation. The final protocol for the activation of BMP signaling at D0-D3 and reactivation of Wnt signaling at D5-D7 in the differentiation of hiPSCs were determined. The results showed that the mRNA levels of pacemaker markers (TBX18, SHOX2, TBX3, HCN4, and HCN1) were higher in the BMP4 + CHIR group than in the control group, and working myocardial genes were downregulated. The immunofluorescence assay revealed that the expression of SHOX2 and HCN4 increased in the BMP4 + CHIR group compared to that in the other groups. In addition, the results of patch clamps revealed that a funny current of higher density and typical SAN action potentials were recorded, except in the control group, in which the L-type calcium current was higher in the BMP4 + CHIR group than in the other groups. Finally, the proportion of SANLPCs (cTnT+ NKX2.5-) was further enhanced by the combination of BMP4 and CHIR treatment. In summary, the combination of BMP and Wnt signaling promotes the differentiation of SANLPCs from hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Edwards W, Bussey OK, Conlon FL. The Tbx20-TLE interaction is essential for the maintenance of the second heart field. Development 2023; 150:dev201677. [PMID: 37756602 PMCID: PMC10629681 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
T-box transcription factor 20 (Tbx20) plays a multifaceted role in cardiac morphogenesis and controls a broad gene regulatory network. However, the mechanism by which Tbx20 activates and represses target genes in a tissue-specific and temporal manner remains unclear. Studies show that Tbx20 directly interacts with the Transducin-like Enhancer of Split (TLE) family of proteins to mediate transcriptional repression. However, a function for the Tbx20-TLE transcriptional repression complex during heart development has yet to be established. We created a mouse model with a two amino acid substitution in the Tbx20 EH1 domain, thereby disrupting the Tbx20-TLE interaction. Disruption of this interaction impaired crucial morphogenic events, including cardiac looping and chamber formation. Transcriptional profiling of Tbx20EH1Mut hearts and analysis of putative direct targets revealed misexpression of the retinoic acid pathway and cardiac progenitor genes. Further, we show that altered cardiac progenitor development and function contribute to the severe cardiac defects in our model. Our studies indicate that TLE-mediated repression is a primary mechanism by which Tbx20 controls gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Edwards
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Olivia K. Bussey
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Frank L. Conlon
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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9
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Duan F, Li H, Lu H. In vivo and molecular docking studies of the pathological mechanism underlying adriamycin cardiotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114778. [PMID: 36989556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Adriamycin (ADR), one of the most effective broad-spectrum antitumor chemotherapeutic agents in clinical practice, is used to treat solid tumors as well as hematological malignancies in adults and children. However, long-term ADR use causes several adverse reactions, including time- and dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, which limit its clinical application. In addition, the mechanism by which ADR induces cardiotoxicity remains unclear. Therefore, we used zebrafish as animal models to evaluate ADR toxicity during embryonic heart development owing to the similarity of this process in zebrafish to that in humans. Exposure of zebrafish embryos to 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/L ADR induced abnormal embryonic development, with the occurrence of cardiac malformations, pericardial edema, decreased movement speed and activity, and increased distance between the venous sinus and the arterial bulb (SV-BA). ADR exposure induced dysregulated cardiogenesis during the precardiac mesoderm formation period. We also observed irregular expression of cardiac-related genes, an upregulation of apoptotic gene expression, and a dose-dependent increase in oxidative stress levels. Furthermore, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis exerted deleterious effects on cardiac development in zebrafish embryos, and treatment with astaxanthin (ATX) alleviated these heart defects. ADR- and Wnt pathway-related genes exhibited good energy and spatial matching, and ADR upregulated the Wnt signaling pathway in zebrafish. Moreover, IWR-1 effectively alleviated ADR-induced heart defects. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the toxic effects of ADR on cardiac development in zebrafish embryos could provide a theoretical basis for explaining the pathogenesis of ADR-induced cardiotoxicity, which occurs through the upregulation of oxidative stress and Wnt signaling pathway, as well as its prevention and treatment in humans. These findings will help develop effective treatment strategies to combat ADR-induced cardiotoxicity and broaden the application of ADR for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Duan
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330038, China
| | - Hong Li
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330038, China.
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Center for Clinical Medicine Research of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343000, China.
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10
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Kelly RG. The heart field transcriptional landscape at single-cell resolution. Dev Cell 2023; 58:257-266. [PMID: 36809764 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Organogenesis requires the orchestrated development of multiple cell lineages that converge, interact, and specialize to generate coherent functional structures, exemplified by transformation of the cardiac crescent into a four-chambered heart. Cardiomyocytes originate from the first and second heart fields, which make different regional contributions to the definitive heart. In this review, a series of recent single-cell transcriptomic analyses, together with genetic tracing experiments, are discussed, providing a detailed panorama of the cardiac progenitor cell landscape. These studies reveal that first heart field cells originate in a juxtacardiac field adjacent to extraembryonic mesoderm and contribute to the ventrolateral side of the cardiac primordium. In contrast, second heart field cells are deployed dorsomedially from a multilineage-primed progenitor population via arterial and venous pole pathways. Refining our knowledge of the origin and developmental trajectories of cells that build the heart is essential to address outstanding challenges in cardiac biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France.
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11
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Abstract
Vitamin A (retinol) is a critical micronutrient required for the control of stem cell functions, cell differentiation, and cell metabolism in many different cell types, both during embryogenesis and in the adult organism. However, we must obtain vitamin A from food sources. Thus, the uptake and metabolism of vitamin A by intestinal epithelial cells, the storage of vitamin A in the liver, and the metabolism of vitamin A in target cells to more biologically active metabolites, such as retinoic acid (RA) and 4-oxo-RA, must be precisely regulated. Here, I will discuss the enzymes that metabolize vitamin A to RA and the cytochrome P450 Cyp26 family of enzymes that further oxidize RA. Because much progress has been made in understanding the regulation of ALDH1a2 (RALDH2) actions in the intestine, one focus of this review is on the metabolism of vitamin A in intestinal epithelial cells and dendritic cells. Another focus is on recent data that 4-oxo-RA is a ligand required for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell dormancy and the important role of RARβ (RARB) in these stem cells. Despite this progress, many questions remain in this research area, which links vitamin A metabolism to nutrition, immune functions, developmental biology, and nuclear receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, and Revlon Pharmaceutical Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacology Department, and the Meyer Cancer Center of Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065
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12
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Rowton M, Perez-Cervantes C, Hur S, Jacobs-Li J, Lu E, Deng N, Guzzetta A, Hoffmann AD, Stocker M, Steimle JD, Lazarevic S, Oubaha S, Yang XH, Kim C, Yu S, Eckart H, Koska M, Hanson E, Chan SSK, Garry DJ, Kyba M, Basu A, Ikegami K, Pott S, Moskowitz IP. Hedgehog signaling activates a mammalian heterochronic gene regulatory network controlling differentiation timing across lineages. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2181-2203.e9. [PMID: 36108627 PMCID: PMC10506397 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many developmental signaling pathways have been implicated in lineage-specific differentiation; however, mechanisms that explicitly control differentiation timing remain poorly defined in mammals. We report that murine Hedgehog signaling is a heterochronic pathway that determines the timing of progenitor differentiation. Hedgehog activity was necessary to prevent premature differentiation of second heart field (SHF) cardiac progenitors in mouse embryos, and the Hedgehog transcription factor GLI1 was sufficient to delay differentiation of cardiac progenitors in vitro. GLI1 directly activated a de novo progenitor-specific network in vitro, akin to that of SHF progenitors in vivo, which prevented the onset of the cardiac differentiation program. A Hedgehog signaling-dependent active-to-repressive GLI transition functioned as a differentiation timer, restricting the progenitor network to the SHF. GLI1 expression was associated with progenitor status across germ layers, and it delayed the differentiation of neural progenitors in vitro, suggesting a broad role for Hedgehog signaling as a heterochronic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Rowton
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos Perez-Cervantes
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Suzy Hur
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jessica Jacobs-Li
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emery Lu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nikita Deng
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Guzzetta
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew D Hoffmann
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Stocker
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Steimle
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonja Lazarevic
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sophie Oubaha
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinan H Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chul Kim
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shuhan Yu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heather Eckart
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mervenaz Koska
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erika Hanson
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sunny S K Chan
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anindita Basu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kohta Ikegami
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sebastian Pott
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Rankin SA, Zorn AM. The homeodomain transcription factor Ventx2 regulates respiratory progenitor cell number and differentiation timing during
Xenopus
lung development. Dev Growth Differ 2022; 64:347-361. [PMID: 36053777 PMCID: PMC10088502 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ventx2 is an Antennapedia superfamily/NK-like subclass homeodomain transcription factor best known for its roles in the regulation of early dorsoventral patterning during Xenopus gastrulation and in the maintenance of neural crest multipotency. In this work we characterize the spatiotemporal expression pattern of ventx2 in progenitor cells of the Xenopus respiratory system epithelium. We find that ventx2 is directly induced by BMP signaling in the ventral foregut prior to nkx2-1, the earliest epithelial marker of the respiratory lineage. Functional studies demonstrate that Ventx2 regulates the number of Nkx2-1/Sox9+ respiratory progenitor cells induced during foregut development, the timing and level of surfactant protein gene expression, and proper tracheal-esophageal separation. Our data suggest that Ventx2 regulates the balance of respiratory progenitor cell expansion and differentiation. While the ventx gene family has been lost from the mouse genome during evolution, humans have retained a ventx2-like gene (VENTX). Finally, we discuss how our findings might suggest a possible function of VENTX in human respiratory progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Rankin
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
| | - Aaron M. Zorn
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati OH
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14
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Wiesinger A, Boink GJJ, Christoffels VM, Devalla HD. Retinoic acid signaling in heart development: Application in the differentiation of cardiovascular lineages from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2589-2606. [PMID: 34653403 PMCID: PMC8581056 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) signaling plays an important role during heart development in establishing anteroposterior polarity, formation of inflow and outflow tract progenitors, and growth of the ventricular compact wall. RA is also utilized as a key ingredient in protocols designed for generating cardiac cell types from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). This review discusses the role of RA in cardiogenesis, currently available protocols that employ RA for differentiation of various cardiovascular lineages, and plausible transcriptional mechanisms underlying this fate specification. These insights will inform further development of desired cardiac cell types from human PSCs and their application in preclinical and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wiesinger
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard J J Boink
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harsha D Devalla
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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