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Sujkowski A, Ranxhi B, Bangash ZR, Chbihi ZM, Prifti MV, Qadri Z, Alam N, Todi SV, Tsou WL. Progressive degeneration in a new Drosophila model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 7. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14332. [PMID: 38906973 PMCID: PMC11192756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from abnormal expansion of an uninterrupted polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat in its disease protein, ataxin-7 (ATXN7). ATXN7 is part of Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA), an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional coactivation complex with critical roles in chromatin remodeling, cell signaling, neurodifferentiation, mitochondrial health and autophagy. SCA7 is dominantly inherited and characterized by genetic anticipation and high repeat-length instability. Patients with SCA7 experience progressive ataxia, atrophy, spasticity, and blindness. There is currently no cure for SCA7, and therapies are aimed at alleviating symptoms to increase quality of life. Here, we report novel Drosophila lines of SCA7 with polyQ repeats in wild-type and human disease patient range. We find that ATXN7 expression has age- and polyQ repeat length-dependent reduction in fruit fly survival and retinal instability, concomitant with increased ATXN7 protein aggregation. These new lines will provide important insight on disease progression that can be used in the future to identify therapeutic targets for SCA7 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Sujkowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Scott Hall Rm 3108, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Bedri Ranxhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Scott Hall Rm 3108, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Zoya R Bangash
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Scott Hall Rm 3108, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Zachary M Chbihi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Scott Hall Rm 3108, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Matthew V Prifti
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Scott Hall Rm 3108, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Zaina Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Scott Hall Rm 3108, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Nadir Alam
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Scott Hall Rm 3108, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Scott Hall Rm 3108, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wei-Ling Tsou
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield, Scott Hall Rm 3108, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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2
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Fang H, Shi X, Wan J, Zhong X. Role of sestrins in metabolic and aging-related diseases. Biogerontology 2024; 25:9-22. [PMID: 37516672 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Sestrins are a type of highly conserved stress-inducing protein that has antioxidant and mTORC1 inhibitory functions. Metabolic dysfunction and aging are the main risk factors for development of human diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Sestrins have important roles in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-tumor functions, and aging by inhibiting the reactive oxygen species and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 pathways. In this review, the structure and biological functions of sestrins are summarized, and how sestrins are activated and contribute to regulation of the downstream signal pathways of metabolic and aging-related diseases are discussed in detail with the goal of providing new ideas and therapeutic targets for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiaomin Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Juyi Wan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Xiaolin Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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3
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Peng T, Ding M, Yan H, Zhang P, Tian R, Guo Y, Zheng L. Endurance exercise upregulates mtp expression in aged Drosophila to ameliorate age-related diastolic dysfunction and extend lifespan. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15929. [PMID: 38307709 PMCID: PMC10837045 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction is a major cardiac dysfunction, and an important predisposing factor is age. Although exercise training is often used for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease nowadays, little is currently known about whether exercise interventions associated with the slowing of cardiac aging are related to mtp-related pathways. In the present study, the UAS/Tub-Gal4 system was used to knockdown whole-body mtp expression levels in Drosophila, which underwent 2 weeks of endurance training. By conducting different assays and quantifying different indicators, we sought to investigate the relationship between mtp, exercise, and age-related diastolic dysfunction. We found that (1) Drosophila in the mtpRNAi youth group exhibited age-related diastolic dysfunction and had a significantly shorter mean lifespan. (2) Endurance exercise could improve diastolic dysfunction and prolong lifespan in aged Drosophila. (3) Endurance exercise could increase the expression levels of apolpp and Acox3, and decrease the levels of TC, LDL-C, and TG in the aged group. In summary, aging causes age-associated diastolic dysfunction in Drosophila, and systemic knockdown of mtp causes premature age-associated diastolic dysfunction in young Drosophila. Besides, endurance exercise improves age-related diastolic dysfunction and prolongs lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Meng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hanhui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Rui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan ProvinceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
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4
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Ghosn ZA, Sparks KM, Spaulding JL, Vutukuri S, Ahmed MJJ, VanBerkum MFA. Divalent metal content in diet affects severity of manganese toxicity in Drosophila. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060204. [PMID: 38117005 PMCID: PMC10810561 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of manganese (Mn) homeostasis is a contributing factor in many neuro-degenerative diseases. Adult Drosophila are sensitive to excessive levels of dietary Mn, dying relatively early, and exhibiting biochemical and mobility changes reminiscent of Parkinsonian conditions. To further study Mn homeostasis in Drosophila, we sought to test lower levels of dietary Mn (5 mM) and noted a striking difference in Canton-S adult survivorship on different food. On a cornmeal diet, Mn-treated flies live only about half as long as untreated siblings. Yet, with the same Mn concentration in a molasses diet, adults survive about 80% as long as untreated siblings, and adults raised on a sucrose-yeast diet are completely insensitive to this low dose of dietary Mn. By manipulating metal ion content in the cornmeal diet, and measuring the metal content in each diet, we traced the difference in lifespan to the levels of calcium and magnesium in the food, suggesting that these ions are involved in Mn uptake and/or use. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the total dietary load of metal ions be considered when assessing Mn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa A. Ghosn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Kailynn M. Sparks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Jacob L. Spaulding
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Sanjana Vutukuri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mirza J. J. Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mark F. A. VanBerkum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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5
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Richardson K, Sengupta M, Sujkowski A, Libohova K, Harris AC, Wessells R, Merry DE, Todi SV. A phenotypically robust model of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy in Drosophila. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25278. [PMID: 38284836 PMCID: PMC11237963 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an X-linked disorder that affects males who inherit the androgen receptor (AR) gene with an abnormal CAG triplet repeat expansion. The resulting protein contains an elongated polyglutamine (polyQ) tract and causes motor neuron degeneration in an androgen-dependent manner. The precise molecular sequelae of SBMA are unclear. To assist with its investigation and the identification of therapeutic options, we report here a new model of SBMA in Drosophila melanogaster. We generated transgenic flies that express the full-length, human AR with a wild-type or pathogenic polyQ repeat. Each transgene is inserted into the same safe harbor site on the third chromosome of the fly as a single copy and in the same orientation. Expression of pathogenic AR, but not of its wild-type variant, in neurons or muscles leads to consistent, progressive defects in longevity and motility that are concomitant with polyQ-expanded AR protein aggregation and reduced complexity in neuromuscular junctions. Additional assays show adult fly eye abnormalities associated with the pathogenic AR species. The detrimental effects of pathogenic AR are accentuated by feeding flies the androgen, dihydrotestosterone. This new, robust SBMA model can be a valuable tool toward future investigations of this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Richardson
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Medha Sengupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alyson Sujkowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kozeta Libohova
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Autumn C Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Maximizing Access to Science Careers Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Diane E Merry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Maximizing Access to Science Careers Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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6
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Sujkowski AL, Ranxhi B, Prifti MV, Alam N, Todi SV, Tsou WL. Progressive degeneration in a new Drosophila model of Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 7. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3592641. [PMID: 38045332 PMCID: PMC10690306 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3592641/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from abnormal expansion of polyglutamine (polyQ) in its disease protein, ataxin-7 (ATXN7). ATXN7 is part of Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA), an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional coactivation complex with critical roles in chromatin remodeling, cell signaling, neurodifferentiation, mitochondrial health and autophagy. SCA7 is dominantly inherited and characterized by genetic anticipation and high repeat-length instability. Patients with SCA7 experience progressive ataxia, atrophy, spasticity, and blindness. There is currently no cure for SCA7, and therapies are aimed at alleviating symptoms to increase quality of life. Here, we report novel Drosophila lines of SCA7 with polyQ repeats in wild-type and human disease patient range. We find that ATXN7 expression has age- and polyQ repeat length-dependent reduction in survival and retinal instability, concomitant with increased ATXN7 protein aggregation. These new lines will provide important insight on disease progression that can be used in the future to identify therapeutic targets for SCA7 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bedri Ranxhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
| | - Matthew V Prifti
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
| | - Nadir Alam
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
| | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
| | - Wei-Ling Tsou
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
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7
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Sujkowski AL, Ranxhi B, Prifti MV, Alam N, Todi SV, Tsou WL. Progressive degeneration in a new Drosophila model of Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 7. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.07.566106. [PMID: 37986914 PMCID: PMC10659390 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.566106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from abnormal expansion of polyglutamine (polyQ) in its disease protein, ataxin-7 (ATXN7). ATXN7 is part of Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA), an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional coactivation complex with critical roles in chromatin remodeling, cell signaling, neurodifferentiation, mitochondrial health and autophagy. SCA7 is dominantly inherited and characterized by genetic anticipation and high repeat-length instability. Patients with SCA7 experience progressive ataxia, atrophy, spasticity, and blindness. There is currently no cure for SCA7, and therapies are aimed at alleviating symptoms to increase quality of life. Here, we report novel Drosophila lines of SCA7 with polyQ repeats in wild-type and human disease patient range. We find that ATXN7 expression has age- and polyQ repeat length-dependent reduction in survival and retinal instability, concomitant with increased ATXN7 protein aggregation. These new lines will provide important insight on disease progression that can be used in the future to identify therapeutic targets for SCA7 patients.
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8
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Safdar M, Wessells RJ. Octopamine Rescues Endurance and Climbing Speed in Drosophila Clkout Mutants with Circadian Rhythm Disruption. Cells 2023; 12:2515. [PMID: 37947593 PMCID: PMC10648926 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disturbances are associated with various negative health outcomes, including an increasing incidence of chronic diseases with high societal costs. While exercise can protect against the negative effects of rhythm disruption, it is not available to all those impacted by sleep disruptions, in part because sleep disruption itself reduces exercise capacity. Thus, there is a need for therapeutics that bring the benefits of exercise to this population. Here, we investigate the relationship between exercise and circadian disturbances using a well-established Drosophila model of circadian rhythm loss, the Clkout mutant. We find that Clkout causes reduced exercise capacity, measured as post-training endurance, flight performance, and climbing speed, and these phenotypes are not rescued by chronic exercise training. However, exogenous administration of a molecule known to mediate the effects of chronic exercise, octopamine (OA), was able to effectively rescue mutant exercise performance, including the upregulation of other known exercise-mediating transcripts, without restoring the circadian rhythms of mutants. This work points the way toward the discovery of novel therapeutics that can restore exercise capacity in patients with rhythm disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J. Wessells
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
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9
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Patel N, Alam N, Libohova K, Dulay R, Todi SV, Sujkowski A. Phenotypic defects from the expression of wild-type and pathogenic TATA-binding proteins in new Drosophila models of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 17. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad180. [PMID: 37551423 PMCID: PMC10542169 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 17 (SCA17) is the most recently identified member of the polyglutamine (polyQ) family of disorders, resulting from abnormal CAG/CAA expansion in the TATA box-binding protein (TBP), an initiation factor essential for of all eukaryotic transcription. A largely autosomal dominant inherited disease, SCA17, is unique in both its heterogeneous clinical presentation and low incidence of genetic anticipation, the phenomenon in which subsequent generations inherit longer polyQ expansions that yield earlier and more severe symptom onset. Like other polyQ disease family members, SCA17 patients experience progressive ataxia and dementia, and treatments are limited to preventing symptoms and increasing quality of life. Here, we report 2 new Drosophila models that express human TBP with polyQ repeats in either wild-type or SCA17 patient range. We find that TBP expression has age- and tissue-specific effects on neurodegeneration, with polyQ-expanded SCA17 protein expression generally having more severe effects. In addition, SCA17 model flies accumulate more aggregation-prone TBP, with a greater proportion localizing to the nucleus. These new lines provide a new resource for the biochemical characterization of SCA17 pathology and the future identification of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nadir Alam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kozeta Libohova
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ryan Dulay
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Alyson Sujkowski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Manto M, Cendelin J, Strupp M, Mitoma H. Advances in cerebellar disorders: pre-clinical models, therapeutic targets, and challenges. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:965-987. [PMID: 37768297 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2263911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebellar ataxias (CAs) represent neurological disorders with multiple etiologies and a high phenotypic variability. Despite progress in the understanding of pathogenesis, few therapies are available so far. Closing the loop between preclinical studies and therapeutic trials is important, given the impact of CAs upon patients' health and the roles of the cerebellum in multiple domains. Because of a rapid advance in research on CAs, it is necessary to summarize the main findings and discuss future directions. AREAS COVERED We focus our discussion on preclinical models, cerebellar reserve, the therapeutic management of CAs, and suitable surrogate markers. We searched Web of Science and PubMed using keywords relevant to cerebellar diseases, therapy, and preclinical models. EXPERT OPINION There are many symptomatic and/or disease-modifying therapeutic approaches under investigation. For therapy development, preclinical studies, standardization of disease evaluation, safety assessment, and demonstration of clinical improvements are essential. Stage of the disease and the level of the cerebellar reserve determine the goals of the therapy. Deficits in multiple categories and heterogeneity of CAs may require disease-, stage-, and symptom-specific therapies. More research is needed to clarify how therapies targeting the cerebellum influence both basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex, poorly explored domains in CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Manto
- Service des Neurosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Jan Cendelin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Strupp
- Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Mitoma
- Department of Medical Education, Tokyo medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Santarelli S, Londero C, Soldano A, Candelaresi C, Todeschini L, Vernizzi L, Bellosta P. Drosophila melanogaster as a model to study autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases induced by proteinopathies. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1082047. [PMID: 37274187 PMCID: PMC10232775 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1082047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinopathies are a large group of neurodegenerative diseases caused by both genetic and sporadic mutations in particular genes which can lead to alterations of the protein structure and to the formation of aggregates, especially toxic for neurons. Autophagy is a key mechanism for clearing those aggregates and its function has been strongly associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), hence mutations in both pathways have been associated with the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those induced by protein misfolding and accumulation of aggregates. Many crucial discoveries regarding the molecular and cellular events underlying the role of autophagy in these diseases have come from studies using Drosophila models. Indeed, despite the physiological and morphological differences between the fly and the human brain, most of the biochemical and molecular aspects regulating protein homeostasis, including autophagy, are conserved between the two species.In this review, we will provide an overview of the most common neurodegenerative proteinopathies, which include PolyQ diseases (Huntington's disease, Spinocerebellar ataxia 1, 2, and 3), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (C9orf72, SOD1, TDP-43, FUS), Alzheimer's disease (APP, Tau) Parkinson's disease (a-syn, parkin and PINK1, LRRK2) and prion diseases, highlighting the studies using Drosophila that have contributed to understanding the conserved mechanisms and elucidating the role of autophagy in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Santarelli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Chiara Londero
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessia Soldano
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlotta Candelaresi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Leonardo Todeschini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luisa Vernizzi
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Bellosta
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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12
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Hwang I, Kim M. Muscular Sestrins: Roles in Exercise Physiology and Stress Resistance. Biomolecules 2023; 13:722. [PMID: 37238592 PMCID: PMC10216764 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrins are a family of stress-inducible proteins that are critical for stress adaptation and the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. High expression of Sestrins is observed in skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues, suggesting their significance in the physiological homeostasis of these organs. Furthermore, expression of Sestrins is dynamically controlled in the tissues, based on the level of physical activity and the presence or absence of stress insults. Genetic studies in model organisms have shown that muscular Sestrin expression is critical for metabolic homeostasis, exercise adaptation, stress resistance, and repair and may mediate the beneficial effects of some available therapeutics. The current minireview summarizes and discusses recent findings that shed light on the role of Sestrins in regulating muscle physiology and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myungjin Kim
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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13
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Ding M, Li H, Zheng L. Drosophila exercise, an emerging model bridging the fields of exercise and aging in human. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:966531. [PMID: 36158212 PMCID: PMC9507000 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.966531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is one of the most effective treatments for the diseases of aging. In recent years, a growing number of researchers have used Drosophila melanogaster to study the broad benefits of regular exercise in aging individuals. With the widespread use of Drosophila exercise models and the upgrading of the Drosophila exercise apparatus, we should carefully examine the differential contribution of regular exercise in the aging process to facilitate more detailed quantitative measurements and assessment of the exercise phenotype. In this paper, we review some of the resources available for Drosophila exercise models. The focus is on the impact of regular exercise or exercise adaptation in the aging process in Drosophila and highlights the great potential and current challenges faced by this model in the field of anti-aging research.
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